ɗɆɈɐɂɈɇȺɅɖɇɈ-ɈɐȿɇɈɑɇȺə ɅȿɄɋɂɄȺ
ɄȺɄ ɊȿɁɍɅɖɌȺɌ ɋȿɆȺɇɌɂɑȿɋɄɈȽɈ ɋɅɈȼɈɈȻɊȺɁɈȼȺɇɂə THE EMOTIONAL-EVALUATIVE VOCABULARY
AS A RESULT OF SEMANTIC DERIVATION
ɌȺɌɖəɇȺ ɇɂɄɈɅȺȿȼȺ
ABSTRACT. In the article the system character of semantic transformation is proved on the material of emotional-estimated lexicon. The author confirms the position of Kazan linguistic school – a new meaning presumes a new self-functioning word. The investigator offers a scheme of interpretation of semantic derivatives in a specialized dictionary.
Ɍɚɬɶɹɧɚ ɇɢɤɨɥɚɟɜɚ, Ʉɚɡɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, Ʉɚɡɚɧɶ – Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ. ȼ 1815 ɝɨɞɭ ɤɚɡɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɭɱɟɧɵɣ ɇɢɤɨɥɚɣ ɂɛɪɚɝɢɦɨɜ ɩɢɫɚɥ: „ɋɨɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɦɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɫ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹɦɢ ɭɠɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɫɢɦ ɫɥɨɜɚɦ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɪɟɱɟ-ɧɢɹ ɨɧɵɯ ɞɚɜɚɟɦɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɦɧɨɠɚɣɲɟɟ ɡɧɚɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ. Ɍɚɤ, ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɪɭɤɢ – ɬɟɥɟɫ-ɧɨɝɨ ɱɥɟɧɚ [...] ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɥɨ 1) ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ: ɧɚ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɪɭɤɟ – ɪɹɞɵ (ɤɭɪɫɢɜ ɦɨɣ – Ɍ.ɇ.); 2) ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ, ɡɚɳɢɬɵ: Ɉɧ ɩɪɢ ɞɜɨɪɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɢɥɶɧɭɸ ɪɭɤɭ; 3) ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ, ɭɩɪɚɜɵ: ɇɚ ɧɟɝɨ ɧɚɥɨɠɢɥɢ ɪɭɤɭ. ȿɝɨ ɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɜ ɪɭɤɚɯ; 4) ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɩɨɱɟɪɤɚ: Ɉɧ ɩɢɲɟɬ ɧɚ ɫɤɨɪɭɸ ɪɭɤɭ”1. Ɍɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɜɭɯ ɫɬɨɥɟ-ɬɢɣ ɧɚɡɚɞ ɛɵɥɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɫɥɨɜɨɨɛ-ɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɨ ɩɨɜɨɞɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɞɨ ɫɢɯ ɩɨɪ ɧɟɬ ɟɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ, ɤɚɤ ɧɟɬ ɱɟɬɤɨɣ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰ ɨɬ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɛɟɡ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɫɥɨɜɚ. ȼɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɬɟɦ, ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɫɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɹ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫ-ɫɚ, ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɟɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ – ɱɬɨ ɷɬɨ: ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ (ɩɨɥɢɫɟɦɢɹ, ɦɧɨɝɨɡɧɚɱɧɨɫɬɶ) ɢɥɢ ɧɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹ-ɸɳɢɯ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ? Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ – ɷɬɨ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɭɬɟɣ ɩɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɧɨɜɵɦɢ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɦɢ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɷɬɨ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɚɫɩɟɤɬɧɨɟ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɟ ________________ 1 ɇ.Ⱥ. ɂ ɛ ɪ ɚ ɝ ɢ ɦ ɨ ɜ, Ɉ ɦɧɨɝɨɡɧɚɦɟɧɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɫɥɨɜ ɇɢɤɨ-ɥɚɹ ɂɛɪɚɝɢɦɨɜɚ, [ɜ:] Ɍɪɭɞɵ Ʉɚɡɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɥɸɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɥɨɜɟɫɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɧ. 1, Ʉɚ-ɡɚɧɶ 1815, ɫ. 113.
ɫ ɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɟɟ ɤ ɫɟɦɚɧ-ɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɜɫɸ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɢ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɭ ɟɝɨ ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɢ. ȼ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɭɫɢɫɬɢɤɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɨɱɟɤ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɩɨɜɨɞɭ ɞɟ-ɪɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶ-ɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɨɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɩɪɢɨɪɢ-ɬɟɬɧɵɯ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɨɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɍɚɤ, ɘ.Ⱦ. Ⱥɩɪɟɫɹɧ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɸ „ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɦɧɨɝɨɡɧɚɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ”, ɢɦɟɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɭ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɭɸ „ɫɩɨɫɨɛ-ɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ, ɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɪɭɝ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ”2. Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɢɫɟɦɢɢ ɬɪɚɤɬɭɸɬ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɸ ȿ.ɋ. Ʉɭɛɪɹ-ɤɨɜɚ3ɢ Ɉ.Ȼ. ɉɨɥɹɧɱɭɤ4. ȼ.ɇ. Ɍɟɥɢɹ ɞɚɟɬ ɫɜɨɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ, ɧɚɡɵ-ɜɚɹ ɟɝɨ „ɤɨɫɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɟɣ”5. ȼ ɫɜɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ Ʌ.Ⱥ. Ȼɭɥɚɯɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɚɥ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɩɪɨɫɬɭɸ, ɧɨ ɰɟɧɧɭɸ ɦɵɫɥɶ: „ɋɨɜɩɚɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɫ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɤ ɪɚɡɧɨɦɭ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɢ ɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɲɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɨɜɨɪɹɳɢɯ”6. Ɋɚɫɫɭɠɞɚɹ ɩɨ ɩɨ-ɜɨɞɭ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ, Ⱥ.Ⱥ. ɉɨɬɟɛɧɹ, ɤɚɤ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɫɱɢɬɚɥ, ɱɬɨ ɤɚɠɞɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ, „ɝɞɟ ɞɜɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ, ɬɚɦ ɞɜɚ ɫɥɨɜɚ”7. Ȼɥɢɡɨɤ ɤ ɷɬɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ Ʌ.ȼ. ɓɟɪɛɚ, ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɜɲɢɣ, ɱɬɨ „ɧɚ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɞɟɥɟ ɦɵ ɢɦɟɟɦ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɫɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɥɨɜ, ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɮɨɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ”8. ɗɬɭ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɸ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɧɵɯ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɢ Ʉɚɡɚɧɫɤɚɹ ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ. ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɹ ɫɚɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ ȼ.Ɇ. Ɇɚɪɤɨɜ ɩɢɲɟɬ: „Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɢɢ ɥɟɤɫɟɦɵ ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɣ ɩɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɟɟ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɪɟɱɢ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɸ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɨ-ɝɪɚɦɦɚ-ɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ, ɫɥɭɠɚɳɟɣ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɭɠɟ ɢɧɨɝɨ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɫɛɥɢɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɫ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɦ ɫɥɨɜɨɦ. Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨ-ɫɵɥɤɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɦɨɪɮɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɧɟ-________________ 2 ɘ.Ⱦ. Ⱥ ɩ ɪ ɟ ɫ ɹ ɧ, Ʌɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɚ: ɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɹɡɵɤɚ, [ɜ:] ɟɝɨ ɠɟ, ɂɡɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɬɪɭɞɵ, ɬ. 1, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 1995, ɫ. 492. 3 ȿ.ɋ. Ʉ ɭ ɛ ɪ ɹ ɤ ɨ ɜ ɚ, ɗɜɨɥɸɰɢɹ ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɞɟɣ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɟ XX ɜɟɤɚ (ɨɩɵɬ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ), [ɜ:] əɡɵɤ ɢ ɧɚɭɤɚ ɤɨɧɰɚ XX ɜɟɤɚ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 1995, ɫ. 14. 4 Ɉ.Ȼ. ɉ ɨ ɥ ɹ ɧ ɱ ɭ ɤ, Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɵ ɤ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɭ ɦɧɨɝɨɡɧɚɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɤɚ, „ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ȼɨɥȽɍ”, cɟɪɢɹ: „Ɏɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɹ. ɀɭɪɧɚɥɢɫɬɢɤɚ” 2006, ʋ 1, ɫ. 44. 5 ȼ.ɇ. Ɍ ɟ ɥ ɢ ɹ, Ɍɢɩɵ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ: ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɹɡɵɤɟ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 1981, ɫ. 268. 6 Ʌ.Ⱥ. Ȼ ɭ ɥ ɚ ɯ ɨ ɜ ɫ ɤ ɢ ɣ, ɂɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɣ ɤ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɭ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪ-ɧɨɦɭ ɹɡɵɤɭ, Ʉɢɟɜ 1958, ɫ. 57. 7 Ⱥ.Ⱥ. ɉ ɨ ɬ ɟ ɛ ɧ ɹ, ɉɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɩɨɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɩɪɨɡɚɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ, [ɜ:] ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɬɟɨ-ɪɢɢ ɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ, ɏɚɪɶɤɨɜ 1910, ɫ. 108. 8 Ʌ.ȼ. ɓ ɟ ɪ ɛ ɚ, əɡɵɤɨɜɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɢ ɪɟɱɟɜɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, Ʌɟɧɢɧɝɪɚɞ 1974, ɫ. 291.
ɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɬɟɫɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫɨ ɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɛɟɡɦɨɪɮɟɦ-ɧɵɦ…”9. „ɉɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ – ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧ-ɧɨɟ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɤɬɚ”10. Ȼɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ, ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɢ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɩɨ-ɫɨɛɨɜ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɜ ɜɢɞɭ ɢ ɢɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɟ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢ-ɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɳɢɦ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡ-ɜɨɞɧɵɦ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɣ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɦ ɫɯɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢɥɢ ɦɟɬɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚɦ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫɨ ɡɧɚ-ɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɧɟ ɨɛɳɢɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɚ, ɚ ɥɢɲɶ ɬɟɦɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚ-ɤɚɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɵ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ. Ȼɨɝɚɬɫɬɜɨ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɣ ɜ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɦ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɢ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨ-ɜɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚ. ɋɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɧɚɡɪɟɥɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɞɢɬɶ ɬɨɱɤɭ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹ-ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɥɨɜ. Ȼɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ, ɝɥɚɜɧɵɣ, ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɟɫɨɦɵɣ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬ – ɷɬɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɣ. Ƚɨɜɨɪɹ ɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɫɬɢ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɜɨɨɛɳɟ, Ⱥ.Ⱥ. ɉɨɬɟɛɧɹ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɥ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ, ɤɚɤ ɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ11. ȿɫɥɢ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤ ɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ, ɢɦɟɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɭ ɤɚɤ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɫ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫ ɨɫɨɛɟɧ-ɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɨɤɚɠɭɬɫɹ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɩɪɢɟɦ-ɥɟɦɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɢ, ɜ ɱɟɦ ɭɛɟɠ-ɞɚɟɬ ɰɟɥɵɣ ɪɹɞ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ. ȼɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɦɢ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ: 1) ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɤ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɵɦ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɦ, ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧ-ɧɢɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɹɡɵɤɚ, ɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɥɟɤ-ɫɢɤɢ, ɧɨ ɢ ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɢ. Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɫɥɨɜɚ, ɫɩɨ-ɫɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɤ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɩɟɪɟɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɸ, ɫɦɟɧɚ ɞɟɧɨɬɚɬɚ ɢ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɚɹ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɞɟɪɢɜɚɬɚ, ɧɚɤɨɧɟɰ, ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɜ ɢɧɨɣ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɚɡ-ɪɹɞ – ɜɫɟ ɷɬɨ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɢ ɢɝɪɚɟɬ ɜɚɠɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ; 2) ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɨ-ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɫ ɭɫɬɨɹɜɲɢɦɢɫɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪ-ɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ. ȼɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɚ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ, ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɳɚɹ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɩɬɢɰ ɢ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ: ɡɚɹɰ – ‘ɬɪɭɫɥɢɜɵɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ’, ɥɢɫɚ – ‘ɯɢɬɪɵɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ’, ɜɨɪɨɧɚ – ‘ɪɚɫɬɹɩɚ’, ɤɭɪɢɰɚ – ‘ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɠɟɧɳɢɧɚ’, ɫɥɨɧ – ‘ɧɟɭɤɥɸɠɢɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ’ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. Ɍɨ ɠɟ – ɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɫ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɨ-ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɦɢ ɛɥɸɞɚ, ɟɞɵ, ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɥɹ ________________ 9 ȼ.Ɇ. Ɇ ɚ ɪ ɤ ɨ ɜ, Ɉ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɟ ɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, [ɜ:] ɟɝɨ ɠɟ, ɂɡ-ɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɬɪɭɞɵ ɩɨ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɭ ɹɡɵɤɭ, Ʉɚɡɚɧɶ 2001, ɫ. 117. 10 Ɍɚɦ ɠɟ, ɫ. 135. 11 Ⱥ.Ⱥ. ɉ ɨ ɬ ɟ ɛ ɧ ɹ, ɭɤɚɡ. ɫɨɱ., ɫ. 110.
ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚ ɩɨɫɥɭɠɢɥɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ: ɤɨɧɫɢɫɬɟɧɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ: ɤɜɚɲɧɹ – ‘ɨ ɧɟɩɨɜɨɪɨɬɥɢɜɨɦ, ɪɵɯɥɨɦ, ɬɨɥɫɬɨɦ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɟ’, ɤɢɫɟɥɶ – ‘ɦɹɝɤɢɣ, ɛɟɡɜɨɥɶ-ɧɵɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ’, ɪɚɡɦɚɡɧɹ – ‘ɫɥɚɛɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɛɟɡɜɨɥɶ-ɧɵɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ’, ɬɸɪɹ – ‘ɜɹɥɵɣ, ɧɟ-ɪɚɫɬɨɪɨɩɧɵɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ’; ɜɤɭɫɨɜɵɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ: ɫɚɯɚɪ – ‘ɨ ɤɨɦ-ɧɢɛɭɞɶ, ɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸ-ɳɟɦ ɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɟ’, ɩɟɪɟɰ – ɤɨɥɤɢɣ, ɹɡɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ’; ɱɚɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ, ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɜɤɭɫɨɜɵɦ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚɦ: ɢɡɸɦɢɧɤɚ – ‘ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ, ɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ’, ɫɥɢɜɤɢ – ‘ɥɭɱɲɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ’ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.; 3) ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɹɞɨɜ ɫ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɢ-ɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɧɚ ɜɟɫɶ ɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɹɞ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɯ ɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ (ɫɜɟɪɝɧɭɬɶ – ɫɜɚ-ɥɢɬɶ – ɫɛɪɨɫɢɬɶ – ɫɤɢɧɭɬɶ – ɫɬɪɹɯɧɭɬɶ – ɫɜɟɪɡɢɬɶ – ɫɬɨɥɤɧɭɬɶ, ɝɞɟ ɥɟɤɫɟɦɚ ɫɜɟɪɝɧɭɬɶ, ɩɨɫɥɭɠɢɜɲɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɸ ɞɥɹ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɨɜ: ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɟ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ – ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ, ɫɚɦɚ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɧɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɬɟɪɹɹ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɮɨɧɟ ɫɜɨɸ ɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ, ɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ); 4) ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɹɪɤɢɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɫɬɢ – ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɢɡɦ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ: ɚ) ɜ ɫɯɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ – ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɢ ɧɨɜɵɯ, ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɟɤɫɟɦ, ɛ) ɜ ɰɟɥɟɜɨɦ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɢ, ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɨɜɨɨɛɪɚ-ɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɨɫɨɡɧɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɳɢɦ, ɜ) ɜ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ, ɩɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɢɩɵ, ɢɯ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɝ) ɜ ɨɛɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣ: „ɬɢɩɨɜɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟ-ɧɢɟ”, „ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜ”, „ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɞɟɷɬɢɦɨɥɨɝɢɡɚɰɢɢ”, „ɩɚɪɚ-ɞɢɝɦɚ” (ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ)12. ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɩɨɤɚ-ɡɚɬɶ ɨɞɧɭ ɢɡ ɦɚɥɨɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ, ɧɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɫɮɟ-ɪɟ ɢɦɟɧ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ: „ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɥɢɰɚ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɪɨɞɭ ɡɚɧɹ-ɬɢɣ – ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɥɢɰɚ ɩɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɟɦɭ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɭ”. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɪɨ-ɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɸɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɩɟɣɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ; ɦɹɫɧɢɤ – ‘ɬɨɪɝɨɜɟɰ ɦɹɫɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤ ɧɚ ɛɨɣɧɟ’ ɢ ɦɹɫɧɢɤ – ‘ɤɪɨɜɨɠɚɞɧɵɣ, ɠɟɫɬɨ-ɤɢɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ’; ɫɚɩɨɠɧɢɤ – ‘ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤ, ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɲɢɬɶɟɦ ɢ ɩɨɱɢɧɤɨɣ ɨɛɭ-ɜɢ’ ɢ ɫɚɩɨɠɧɢɤ – ‘ɧɟɭɦɟɥɵɣ, ɧɟɢɫɤɭɫɧɵɣ ɜ ɤɚɤɨɦ-ɧɢɛɭɞɶ ɞɟɥɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ’; ɞɢɤɬɚ-ɬɨɪ – ‘ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ, ɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɧɟɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɧɟ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɢɣ ɡɚ ɫɜɨɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɢ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɤɚɤɢɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ’ ɢ ɞɢɤɬɚɬɨɪ – ‘ɜɥɚɫɬɧɵɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ, ɱɶɢ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɧɟɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ ɜɵɩɨɥ-ɧɹɬɶɫɹ’; ɦɚɥɹɪ –‘ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ, ɬɪɭɞɹɳɢɣɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɯ, ɟɝɨ ɨɫɧɨɜ-ɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ – ɩɨɤɪɚɫɤɚ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ, ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ’ ɢ ɦɚɥɹɪ – ‘o ɩɥɨɯɨɦ ɯɭɞɨɠ-________________ 12 ɋɦ. ɨɛ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ: Ɍ.Ɇ. ɇ ɢ ɤ ɨ ɥ ɚ ɟ ɜ ɚ, ɋɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢ-ɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ, [ɜ:] ɍɱɟɧɵɟ ɡɚɩɢɫɤɢ Ʉɚɡɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ. əɡɵɤɨɜɚɹ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɚ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡ ɦɢɪɚ, ɬ. 135, Ʉɚɡɚɧɶ 1998, ɫ. 103–110; ɟɟ ɠɟ, Ⱥɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɤɨɧɰɚ XX ɜɟɤɚ, [ɜ:] ɋɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɟɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɫ ɦɨɪɮɟɦɧɨɣ: ɦɟɠɜɭɡɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɞɨɜ, ɨɬɜ. ɪɟɞ. Ȼ.ɂ. Ɉɫɢɩɨɜ, Ɉɦɫɤ 2003, ɫ. 98–115.
ɧɢɤɟ, ɠɢɜɨɩɢɫɰɟ’; ɩɚɥɚɱ – ‘ɥɢɰɨ, ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɟɟ ɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɝɨɜɨɪ ɤ ɫɦɟɪɬ-ɧɨɣ ɤɚɡɧɢ’ ɢ ɩɚɥɚɱ – ‘ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ, ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɨɫɨɛɨɣ ɠɟɫɬɨɤɨɫɬɶɸ’ ɢ ɞɪ. ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɦɟ-ɧɨɣ ɞɟɧɨɬɚɬɚ, ɚ ɷɬɨ ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɚ, ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ. ȼɟɫɶɦɚ ɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɟ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɳɟɦɭ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɡɧɚɦɟɧɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɪɟɱɢ. ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɷɬɨɬ ɚɫɩɟɤɬ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɧɚɲɟɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɥɭɠɢɥɚ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɚɹ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɚ – ɤɚ-ɬɟɝɨɪɢɹ ɫɥɨɜ, ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɚɹ ɢ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɳɚɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɧ-ɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹ-ɸɬ ɜ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɞɧɭ ɢɡ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɫɥɨɜɚ – ɷɤɫ-ɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨ-ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ. ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɮɟɪɚ ɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɢ ɜɵɲɥɚ ɢɡ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣ, ɨɧɚ ɡɚɯɜɚɬɢɥɚ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɩɨɥɢ-ɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɦɨɪɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɩɨɥɢ-ɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɷɬɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɧɹ-ɬɢɹ, ɬɚɤ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɚɱɟ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɹɡɵɤɟ; ɨɬɫɸɞɚ – ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬ, ɨɫɜɟɳɚɸɳɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɜ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɚɯ: ɥɟɤɫɢɤɨ-ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɢ ɥɢɧɝɜɨɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ, ɫɨɰɢɨɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ, ɩɫɢɯɨɥɢɧɝɜɢ-ɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ, ɜ ɪɚɤɭɪɫɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɪɟɱɟɜɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. Ⱦɚɜɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɫɥɨɜɚɦ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɤɚɤ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶ-ɧɵɦ ɜ ɪɟɱɟɜɨɦ ɨɛɢɯɨɞɟ ɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶ-ɧɵɦ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦ, ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸ-ɳɢɦ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ ɢ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɢɯ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɫ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ, ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ (ɢɥɢ ɤɨɥɥɟɤ-ɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ) ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɪɟɱɢ, ɦɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɡɚɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɞɨ ɫɢɯ ɩɨɪ ɧɟ ɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɚ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ, ɤɚɫɚɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣ ɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ – ɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨɟ – ɷɦɨ-ɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɭɱɟɧɵɦɢ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɧɟɨɞɧɨ-ɡɧɚɱɧɨ ɢ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɜɨ; ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɟ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɵ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɢɯ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɪɨɠɞɚɟɬ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɯ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɝɪɚ-ɧɢɰ. ȼɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɬɟɦ, ɷɬɢ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɢ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɞɪɭɝ ɞɪɭɝɚ. ɗɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɚ ɫ ɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫ-ɫɚɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬ ɤ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɨɦɢ-ɧɚɰɢɣ. ɗɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɫɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɨɧɚ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɟɟ. ɋɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɤ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɹɦ ɤɨɧɧɨɬɚ-ɬɢɜɧɨɟ – ɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨɟ – ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɟ ɧɟɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨ ɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɵɯ, ɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣ. ȼɟɪɧɟɦɫɹ ɤ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɸ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚ ɨ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɯ, ɫɜɨɣ-ɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɳɟɦɭ, ɱɬɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɯ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɡɚɳɢɬɭ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɨ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɧɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɥɨɜ, ɚ ɧɟ ɨɬɬɟɧɤɨɜ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨ-ɞɹɳɟɝɨ. ɇɚɦɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɦɟɧɚ-ɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɪɟɱɢ, ɩɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɥɨ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɟɪɟɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɟ.
Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ, ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɵ ɩɨɫɬɚɪɚɟɦɫɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɟ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɳɟɦɭ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɱɚɫɬɹɯ ɪɟɱɢ. Ɉɛɪɚɬɢɦɫɹ ɤ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɚɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɟɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɵ ɜ ɫɟ-ɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜ ɫɢɥɭ ɧɟɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɤ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨ-ɝɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɤɚɬɟɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨ-ɝɨɪɢɢ ɝɥɚɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨ-ɝɨɥɚ ɤɚɤ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɪɟɱɢ. Ɉɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ – „ɝɥɚɝɨɥɵ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɟɣ-ɫɬɜɢɹ – ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɮɟɪɚ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ”. ɉɨ ɷɬɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɵ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɢɩ: ɩɚ-ɯɚɬɶ – ‘ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɡɟɦɥɸ ɩɥɭɝɨɦ’ ɢ ɩɚɩɚ-ɯɚɬɶ – ‘ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ’; ɜɪɭɛɢɬɶɫɹ – ‘ɩɭɬɟɦ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɭɬɶ ɜɨ ɱɬɨ-ɧɢɛɭɞɶ’ ɢ ɜɪɭɛɢɬɶɫɹ – ‘ɩɨɧɹɬɶ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ’; ɩɪɨɯɥɨɩɚɬɶ – ‘ɜ ɥɚɞɨɲɢ’ ɢ ɩɪɨɯɥɨɩɚɬɶ – ‘ɭɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɱɬɨ-ɧɢɛɭɞɶ’; ɜɤɚɥɵɜɚɬɶ – ‘ɜɨɬɤɧɭɬɶ, ɡɚɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɢɥɵ ɜɨɣɬɢ ɜɨ ɱɬɨ-ɧɢɛɭɞɶ’ ɢ ɜɤɚɥɵɜɚɬɶ – ‘ɦɧɨɝɨ, ɫ ɭɫɢɥɢɟɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ’; ɡɚɦɨɬɚɬɶɫɹ – ‘ɨɛɜɢɬɶ ɫɟɛɹ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ, ɡɚɤɭɬɚɬɶɫɹ ɱɟɦ-ɧɢɛɭɞɶ’ ɢ ɡɚɦɨɬɚɬɶɫɹ – ‘ɭɬɨɦɢɬɶɫɹ, ɢɡɦɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ ɨɬ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɯɥɨɩɨɬ’; ɨɬɛɚɪɚɛɚɧɢɬɶ – ‘ɡɚɤɨɧɱɢɬɶ ɢɝɪɭ ɧɚ ɛɚɪɚɛɚɧɟ’ ɢ ɨɬɛɚɪɚɛɚɧɢɬɶ – ‘ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ’; ɬɪɭɛɢɬɶ – ‘ɢɝɪɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɬɪɭɛɟ’ ɢ ɬɪɭɛɢɬɶ – ‘ɭɫɢɥɟɧɧɨ ɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ, ɪɚɛɨ-ɬɚɬɶ’; ɪɚɫɤɭɫɢɬɶ – ɹɛɥɨɤɨ ɢ ɪɚɫɤɭɫɢɬɶ – ‘ɩɨɧɹɬɶ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɭɸ ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɱɟɥɨɜɟ-ɤɚ’. Ȼɚɡɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ – ɪɚɡɧɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɟ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɵ, ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧ-ɬɚɦɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɱɚɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɬɶ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢ-ɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɚɥɟɤɨ ɧɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɵ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɨ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɹɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɞɟɷɬɢɦɨɥɨɝɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɧɟɢɡɛɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢ-ɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ. Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɳɢe ɨɫɧɨɜɵ – ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ, ɨɛɳɟɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɵ ɫ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɶɦ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ. Ɉɧɢ ɥɢ-ɲɟɧɵ ɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨɣ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɧɟɩɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɭ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɨɰɟɧɨɱ-ɧɭɸ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɭ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ, ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɭ. ɑɬɨ ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɥɨɜ, ɬɨ ɨɧ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɫɥɨɠɟɧ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɚɫɫɨ-ɰɢɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɩɨɞɱɚɫ ɜɨɨɛɳɟ ɧɟ ɨɳɭɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɝɨɜɨɪɹɳɢɦ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ-ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ. ɂɬɚɤ, ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɵ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɳɢ-ɦɢ: 1) ɬɟɪɹɸɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɢɞɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɬɨɜ (ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɞɟ-ɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ): ɜɤɚɥɵɜɚɬɶ, ɧɨ ɜɤɨɥɨɬɶ, ɡɚɦɨɬɚɬɶɫɹ, ɧɨ ɡɚɦɚɬɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ, ɨɬɛɚɪɚɛɚɧɢɬɶ, ɧɨ ɨɬɛɚɪɚɛɚɧɢɜɚɬɶ, ɪɚɫɤɭ-ɫɢɬɶ, ɧɨ ɪɚɫɤɭɫɵɜɚɬɶ; 2) ɬɟɪɹɸɬ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ: ɪɚɫɩɢɫɚɬɶɫɹ (ɜ ɛɟɫɩɨ-ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ), ɡɚɦɨɬɚɬɶɫɹ, ɜɪɭɛɚɬɶɫɹ; 3) ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɸɬ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɨɫɬɶ: ɩɪɨɯɥɨ-ɩɚɬɶ – ɱɬɨ-ɬɨ ɭɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ, ɧɨ ɩɪɨɯɥɨɩɪɨɯɥɨ-ɩɚɬɶ ɜ ɥɚɞɨɲɢ; 4) ɭɬɪɚɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ-ɧɨɫɬɶ: ɬɪɭɛɢɬɶ – ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ, ɬɪɭɞɢɬɶɫɹ, ɧɨ ɬɪɭɛɢɬɶ ɦɟɥɨɞɢɸ ɢ ɞɪ. ɋɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɢɦɟɧɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɨɦɢ-ɧɚɰɢɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɦɟɧɚɦɢ, ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɬɟɥɚ, ɦɨ-ɝɭɬ: 1) ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤ ɨɞɭɲɟɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ: ɜɡɹɬɶ ɜ ɩɥɟɧ ɹɡɵɤɚ, ɧɨ
ɩɨɤɚ-ɡɚɬɶ ɹɡɵɤ; 2) ɨɬɥɢɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ: ɩɥɟɧɧɢɤ – ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɹɡɵɤ, ɫɪ.: ɹɡɵɱɨɤ – ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ-ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɟ ɨɬ ɹɡɵɤ – ɨɪɝɚɧ ɜɨ ɪɬɭ; 3) ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɨ-ɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɢɧɬɚɝɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɜɹɡɹɦɢ: ɹɡɵɤ ɬɨɥɫɬɵɣ, ɬɨɧɤɢɣ – ‘ɨɪɝɚɧ ɜɨ ɪɬɭ’, ɧɨ ɞɥɢɧɧɵɣ ɹɡɵɤ – ‘ɛɨɥɬɥɢɜɨɫɬɶ’, ɡɥɵɟ ɹɡɵɤɢ – ‘ɥɸɛɢɬɟɥɢ ɩɟ-ɪɟɫɭɞɨɜ’, ɷɡɨɩɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɹɡɵɤ – ‘ɢɧɨɫɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ’. Ɋɹɞ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɣ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɢ ɭ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɡɢɪɨ-ɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ. Cɪɟɞɢ ɧɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɰɜɟɬɨɜɵɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚ-ɱɟɧɢɹ, ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɞɚɥɟɤɨ ɧɟ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɚ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɚɯ ɢ ɩɨɞɱɚɫ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɦɟɠɴɹɡɵɤɨɜɭɸ ɷɧɚɧɬɢɨɫɟɦɢɸ. Ɍɚɤ, ȼ.ɂ. Ⱥɛɚɟɜ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬ: „ɑɟɪɧɵɣ ɰɜɟɬ, ɤɚɤ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɚɫɫɨɰɢɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɬɪɚɭɪɨɦ ɢ ɜɨɨɛɳɟ ɫ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɷɦɨ-ɰɢɹɦɢ. ɇɨ ɜɨɬ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɬɸɪɤɫɤɢɯ ɹɡɵɤɚɯ ɫɚɦɵɟ ɱɢɫɬɵɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɵɟ ɪɨɞ-ɧɢɤɢ ɡɨɜɭɬɫɹ gara su – „ɱɟɪɧɚɹ ɜɨɞɚ”. ȼ ɨɫɟɬɢɧɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟ „ɱɟɪɧɵɣ ɦɨɥɨɞɟɰ” ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɭ „ɞɨɛɪɵɣ ɦɨɥɨɞɟɰ”13. ȼ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ, ɛɟɥɵɣ ɰɜɟɬ, ɤɚɤ ɚɧɬɚɝɨɧɢɫɬ ɱɟɪɧɨɝɨ (ɞɨɛɪɨ ɢ ɡɥɨ), ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɨ-ɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɨɤɪɚɫɤɭ, ɨɥɢɰɟɬɜɨɪɹɹ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɜɫɟ ɫɚɦɨɟ ɱɢɫɬɨɟ, ɫɜɟɬɥɨɟ, ɩɪɟɤɪɚɫ-ɧɨɟ („ɋɜɟɬ ɛɟɥ, ɞɚ ɥɸɞɢ ɱɟɪɧɵ”). Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɜ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɱɚɫɬɵ ɨɤɫɸɦɨɪɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɰɜɟɬɨɜɵɦɢ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɚɦɢ, ɫɨɡɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɨɫɨɛɭɸ ɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ, ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ: ɛɟɥɚɹ ɧɟɧɚɜɢɫɬɶ – ɭ ȼ. ɒɭɤ-ɲɢɧɚ, ɜ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɩɨɷɡɢɢ: ɛɟɥɚɹ ɫɚɠɚ, ɛɟɥɚɹ ɬɶɦɚ, ɱɟɪɧɵɣ ɫɜɟɬ, ɱɟɪɧɵɣ ɫɧɟɝ, ɱɟɪɧɨɟ ɫɨɥɧɰɟ, ɭ Ⱥ. Ȼɥɨɤɚ – ɱɟɪɧɵɣ ɲɟɥɤ – ɨɛɪɚɡ ɤɪɚɫɨɬɵ, ɯɨɬɹ ɢ ɝɪɟɲɧɨɣ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɨɞɧɭ ɢɡ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɰɜɟɬɨɜɵɯ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɨɜ: „ɰɜɟɬ – ɡɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ, ɨɤɪɚɫɤɚ ɢ ɰɜɟɬ – ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ, ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɨɤ”: ɤɪɚɫɧɵɣ – ‘ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɣɫɹ ɤ ɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ’: Ʉɪɚɫɧɚɹ ɚɪɦɢɹ, ɤɪɚɫɧɚɹ ɝɜɚɪɞɢɹ, ɤɪɚɫɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɢɪ; ɛɟɥɵɣ – ‘ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɪɪɨɪɚ’, ɛɟɥɵɣ ɨɮɢɰɟɪ – ‘ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶ ɤɨɧɬɪɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɚɪɦɢɢ’; ɠɟɥɬɵɣ – ‘ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɤɚɧɞɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɫɟɧɫɚɰɢɢ’ – ɠɟɥɬɚɹ ɩɪɟɫɫɚ; ɡɟɥɟɧɵɣ – ‘ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɣɫɹ ɤ ɞɜɢɠɟ-ɧɢɸ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ’; ɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɵɣ – ‘ɮɚɲɢɫɬɫɤɢɣ, ɨɥɢɰɟɬɜɨ-ɪɹɸɳɢɣ ɮɚɲɢɫɬɫɤɭɸ ɢɞɟɨɥɨɝɢɸ; ɝɨɥɭɛɨɣ – ɝɨɥɭɛɵɟ ɛɟɪɟɬɵ – ‘ɞɟɫɚɧɬɧɢɤɢ ɋɒȺ’, ɝɨɥɭɛɵɟ ɤɚɫɤɢ – ‘ɜɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɢɥɵ ɈɈɇ’. Ƚɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɹ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɨɜ ɫɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɤ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ: 1) ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ, ɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɟɣ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ: ɡɟɥɟɧɵɣ ɫɚɞ – ɡɟɥɟɧɵɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɢɤɢ; 2) ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɮɨɪɦ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ, ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ – ɧɟɬ: ɡɟɥɟɧɟɧɶɤɢɣ, ɠɟɥɬɭɳɢɣ; 3) ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɱɢɫɥɚ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ – ɧɟɬ: ɫɢɧɢɟ ɡɨɪɢ – ɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɢɧɢɣ ɱɭɥɨɤ, ɝɨɥɭɛɚɹ ɲɚɥɶ – ɝɨɥɭɛɵɟ ɲɚɥɢ, ɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɝɨɥɭɛɵɟ ɤɚɫɤɢ; 4) ɨɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɬɜɥɟ-ɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɦɟɧ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ, ɨɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ – ɧɟɬ: ɤɪɚɫɧɨɬɚ, ɠɟɥɬɢɡɧɚ; 5) ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚ-________________ 13 ȼ.ɂ. Ⱥ ɛ ɚ ɟ ɜ, Ʉɚɤ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɥɭɱɲɢɬɶ ɷɬɢɦɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɢ, [ɜ:] ɟɝɨ ɠɟ, ɗɬɢ-ɦɨɥɨɝɢɹ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 1968, ɫ. 7.
ɞɢɝɦɵ: ɛɟɥɵɣ (ɰɜɟɬ) – ɛɟɥɟɧɶɤɢɣ, ɛɟɥɟɬɶ, ɛɟɥɢɬɶ, ɛɟɥɟɫɵɣ, ɛɟɥɨɤ, ɧɨ ɛɟɥɵɣ – ɛɟɥɹɤ; 6) ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɤɪɚɬɤɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ – ɧɟɬ: ɬɪɚɜɚ ɡɟɥɟɧɚ, ɚɪɛɭɡ ɤɪɚɫɟɧ; 7) ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɱɚɫɬɹɦ ɪɟɱɢ: ɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɵɟ ɩɥɚɬɤɢ, ɧɨ ɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɵɟ (ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɬɢɜɢɪɨ-ɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ) – ɱɥɟɧɵ ɧɚɰɢɫɬɫɤɨɣ ɩɚɪɬɢɢ ɜ Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɢɢ. Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɢɦ, ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɨɫɥɨɠɧɟɧɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨ-ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ. Ɉɧɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɦɟɧɶɲɭɸ ɩɚ-ɪɚɞɢɝɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɨɣ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɫɬɢ, ɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬ – ɩɪɚɜɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚ-ɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɥɨɜ, ɨɫɨɛɨ ɨɫɬɪɨ ɜɫɬɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɛ-ɥɟɦɚ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ – ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɟɣ ɩɨ ɧɨɜɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɭ. Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɚ-ɜɢɥɨ, ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɨɥɤɨɜɵɯ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɹɯ ɧɟ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɫɟ ɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨɣ ɨɤɪɚɲɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɟɪɢɜɚɬɨɜ, ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɨɧɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɧɟ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ (ɆȺɋ), ɧɟɬ ɟɞɢɧɵɯ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ ɢɯ ɬɨɥɤɨ-ɜɚɧɢɹ, ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɦɢ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɢ. Ⱦɨ ɫɢɯ ɩɨɪ ɧɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɢ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɹ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɤɫɩɪɟɫ-ɫɢɜɧɨɣ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɢ. „ȿɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɪɨɞɟ ɋɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɷɩɢɬɟɬɨɜ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ Ʉ.ɋ. Ƚɨɪɛɚɱɟɜɢɱɟɦ ɢ ȿ.ɉ. ɏɚɛɥɨ, – ɩɢ-ɲɟɬ ɇ.Ⱥ. Ʌɭɤɶɹɧɨɜɚ, – ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɞɚɥɟɤɨ ɧɟ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɚɡ-ɪɹɞ ɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɵɯ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰ, ɫɮɟɪɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ – ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɪɟɱɶ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ”14. ȼ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɨɧɚɯ ɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɥɟɤɫɟɦ ɬɨɥɤɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɦɟɬɚɦɢ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ: ɨɞɨɛɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɢ ɧɟɨɞɨɛɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ, ɩɨɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ, ɢɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ, ɩɪɟɡɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ, ɲɭɬɥɢɜɨɟ, ɩɪɟɞɨɫɭɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ, ɭɧɢɱɢɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ, ɩɪɟɧɟɛɪɟɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɢ ɬ.ɩ., ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɜ ɩɨ-ɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɹɯ ɟɫɬɶ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɜ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɢɯ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɦɵɫɥɢ ɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢɯ ɱɟɬɤɨɣ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɬɪɚɤɬɨɜɤɢ. ȼ ɤɚɤɨɣ-ɬɨ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɞɚɧɧɭɸ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɧɹɬɶ: ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɵɦ ɮɨɧɞɨɦ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɢ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɵ, ɩɨɞɱɚɫ ɧɟ ɫɬɨɥɶ ɹɪɤɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɵ, ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɫɥɨɠɧɨ ɭɥɨɜɢɬɶ ɢ ɬɨɱɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɷɦɨ-ɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ. ɋɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɛɨɥɶ-ɲɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɤɨ-ɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɟɝɨ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ. ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɛɵ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ. ________________ 14 ɇ.Ⱥ. Ʌ ɭ ɤ ɶ ɹ ɧ ɨ ɜ ɚ, Ɉ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɟ ɢ ɬɢɩɚɯ ɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɵɯ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰ. 1. ɋɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɚ, [ɜ:] Ⱥɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɜɵɩ.VIII, ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤ 1979, ɫ. 12–45.
ɉɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɬɶ ɞɟɪɢɜɚɬɵ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɚ) ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɭɬɟɦ: ɧɵɬɢɤ, ɡɚɧɭɞɚ, ɩɨɡɟɪ, ɛɨɥɬɭɧ, ɛɪɸɡɝɚ, ɝɞɟ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ, ɢ ɛ) ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɭɬɟɦ: ɚɧɝɟɥ – ‘ɨ ɯɨɪɨɲɟɦ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɟ’, ɛɚɪɢɧ – ‘ɥɟɧɢɜɵɣ, ɩɪɚɡɞɧɵɣ ɦɭɠɱɢɧɚ’, ɡɭɛɪ – ‘ɨɩɵɬ-ɧɵɣ ɢ ɰɟɧ‘ɨɩɵɬ-ɧɵɣ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬ’, ɫɥɨɧ – ‘ɧɟɩɨɜɨɪɨɬɥɢɜɵɣ, ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɦɭɠɱɢɧɚ’, ɝɞɟ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɤɪɚɲɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɚ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɢ-ɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ. Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɩɥɚɫɬ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɧɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨ-ɪɵɯ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɚɹ ɨɤɪɚɫɤɚ ɢɫɤɨɧɧɚ: ɨɛɨɪɦɨɬ – ‘ɧɟɪɹɲɥɢɜɨ ɨɞɟɬɵɣ, ɨɛɨɪɜɚɧɟɰ, ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ, ɧɚɩɥɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɣɫɹ ɤ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɨɛɹɡɚɧ-ɧɨɫɬɹɦ’; ɩɢɠɨɧ – ‘ɧɟ ɜ ɦɟɪɭ ɦɨɞɧɨ ɨɞɟɬɵɣ, ɫɬɪɟɦɹɳɢɣɫɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶɫɹ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ, ɯɜɚɫɬɭɧ’; ɰɚɰɚ – ‘ɦɨɥɨɞɚɹ ɠɟɧɳɢɧɚ ɫ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦɢ, ɧɟɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧ-ɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɟɬɟɧɡɢɹɦɢ, ɧɚɩɵɳɟɧɧɚɹ, ɱɨɩɨɪɧɚɹ’. Ʌɟɤɫɢɤɨɝɪɚɮɚɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɨɢɬ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɹ ɷɤɫ-ɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨ-ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɣ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɢ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɧɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɦ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ. Ⱦɥɹ ɢɯ ɬɨɥɤɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ: 1) ɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɹ ɧɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɟɝɨ ɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚ-ɬɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ; 2) ɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɵ; 3) ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ (ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɳɟɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ); 4) ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ, ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɥɟɤɫɟɦɵ (ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ); 5) ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚ; ɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɢɩ; 6) ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨɣ ɥɟɤɫɟɦɵ: ɫɨɱɟɬɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ, ɫɬɟɩɟɧɟɣ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ, ɜɢɞɨ-ɜɵɯ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɬɨɜ (ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɪɟɱɢ) ɢ ɞɪ.; 7) ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ; 8) ɩɨɦɟɬɚ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ: ɛɪɚɧɧɨɟ, ɝɪɭɛɨɟ, ɥɚɫɤɚ-ɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ, ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɨɤɪɚɲɟɧɧɨɟ, ɢɪɨɧɢɱɧɨɟ ɢ ɞɪ.; 9) ɩɨɦɟɬɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ: ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɟ, ɩɪɨ-ɫɬɨɪɟɱɧɨɟ, ɠɚɪɝɨɧ, ɚɪɝɨ ɢ ɞɪ.; 10) ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɟ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ, ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɵ, ɩɨɫɥɨɜɢɰɵ, ɩɨɝɨɜɨɪɤɢ. ɉɪɨɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɜ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɟ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɳɟɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɥɟɤɫɟɦɭ ɥɨɩɭɯ. 1. ɥɨɩɭɯ: ɨ ɧɟɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɧɨɦ, ɧɟɪɟɲɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ, ɝɥɭɩɨɜɚɬɨɦ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɟ; 2. ɩɪɨɫɬɚɤ, ɪɨɯɥɹ, ɩɟɧɬɸɯ; 3. ɬɪɚɜɹɧɢɫɬɨɟ ɫɨɪɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɟ ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɚ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɰɜɟɬɧɵɯ ɫ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɦɢ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɦɢ ɥɢɫɬɶɹɦɢ ɢ ɰɟɩɤɢɦɢ ɤɨɥɸɱɤɚɦɢ, ɪɟɩɟɣɧɢɤ (ɆȺɋ); 4. ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɣ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤ – ɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɥɢɫɬɶɹ, ɧɟɜɨɫɬɪɟ-ɛɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ, ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ; 5. ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫ ɩɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ: „ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ – ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢ-ɤɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢ-ɤɚ”: ɜɚɥɟɪɢɚɧɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢ-ɤɚ, ɪɟɩɟɣ, ɫɨɪɧɹɤ;
6. ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɨ-ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ: „Ɉɧɚ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɥɨɩɭɯ ɜ ɠɢɡɧɢ!”; ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬ ɨɞɭɲɟɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ: „ɗɬɨɝɨ ɥɨ-ɩɭɯɚ ɡɧɚɥɢ ɜɫɟ ɜ ɧɚɲɟɦ ɞɜɨɪɟ”; 7. „Ʌɨɩɭɯ ɨɧ ɭ ɬɟɛɹ. ɑɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɳɟ ɜɟɥɨɫɢɩɟɞ ɤɭɩɢɬɶ, ɚ ɢ ɬɨ ɧɢɤɚɤ ɧɟ ɫɨɨɛ-ɪɚɡɢɬ” (ɇ. Ƚɪɢɛɚɱɟɜ, ȼɟɱɟɪɟɟɬ); „Ɉɧ ɜɫɟɯ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɥ ɥɨɩɭɯɚɦɢ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢ-ɦɢ ɨɛɢɞɧɵɞɪɭɝɢ-ɦɢ ɩɪɨɡɜɢɳɚɞɪɭɝɢ-ɦɢ” (ɇ. ɇɨɫɨɜ, ɇɟɡɧɚɣɤɚ ɜ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɦ ɝɨɪɨɞɟ); „ɉɪɨɫɬɨ ɨɧ ɥɨɩɭɯ! Ɇɧɟ ɛɵ ɤɬɨ-ɧɢɛɭɞɶ ɬɚɤ ɫɤɚɡɚɥ... ɨɧ ɛɵ ɭ ɦɟɧɹ ɭɬɟɪɫɹ!” (Ƚ. Ⱥɞɚɦɨɜ, ɍɝɨɥ ɛɟɥɨɣ ɫɬɟɧɵ); 8. ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɨɤɪɚɲɟɧɧɨɟ; 9. ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɟ; 10. ɧɟ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɨ. ɉɪɢɡɧɚɜɚɹ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɬɶ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɥɨɜ, ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɱɟɦɭ – ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɪɢɜɚɰɢɢ, ɦɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɡɚɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɟɳɟ ɦɧɨɝɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɨɢɬ ɪɟɲɢɬɶ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ – ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ-ɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɹ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɞɚɧɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɬɪɚɤɬɨɜɤɚ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɜ ɫɜɟɬɟ ɢɯ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰ.
