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8QLYHUVLWDWHDGLQ%XFXUHúWL PLKDLOHQDFKHVFX#OOVXQLEXFURPérdida y reemplazo de arabismos en español
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Abstract:
Loss and Replacement of Arabisms in Spanish. Names of Professions
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3RUR¿FLRHQWHQGHPRVVLJXLHQGRHODiccionario de la lengua española
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1.12. Alfarero (variante alfaharero)
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1.17. Trujamán (variante truchimán)
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3pUGLGD\UHHPSOD]RGHDUDELVPRVHQHVSDxRO 2. Arabismos supervivientes 'HORVDUDELVPRVTXHVLJXHQYLJHQWHVHQODDFWXDOLGDGODPD\RUSDUWH VHXVDVLQFDPELRVGHVLJQLILFDGRFRQXQDH[FHSFLyQQRWDEOHTXH DQDOL]DUHPRVSRUVHSDUDGR 6LQFDPELRGHVLJQL¿FDGR Albacea +DVLGRXQWpUPLQRFRUULHQWHDORODUJRGHGLVWLQWDVpSRFDVFRPROR LQGLFDQORVFDVRVHQGRFXPHQWRVGHOCorpus del Nuevo
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almocadénalmojarife o zalmedina TXHGHVDSDUHFHQSRUFRQGLFLRQHV
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4. Arabismos reemplazados por otras voces
(O~OWLPRDSDUWDGRGHHVWHWUDEDMRORYDPRVDGHGLFDUDORVDUDELVPRV UHHPSOD]DGRVSRURWURVYRFDEORV$OJXQRVDUDELVPRVKDQWHQLGRFRPR FRPSHWLGRUHVSUpVWDPRVFXOWRVGHRULJHQODWLQR(QRWURVFDVRVVRQ ODVIRUPDFLRQHVLQWHUQDVGHULYDGRVFRPSXHVWRVODVTXHVHKDQLP SXHVWR1RVLHPSUHVHWUDWDGHXQUHHPSOD]RIiFLOGHKDFHUSXHVORV FRPSHWLGRUHVFXEUtDQHVIHUDVFRQFHSWXDOHVQRGHOWRGRLGpQWLFDV(V SRUHVRTXHHQDOJXQRVFDVRVKHPRVSURSXHVWRGRVRPiVVROXFLRQHV GHUHHPSOD]R
0LKDL(QăFKHVFX 4.1. Latinismos Alarife – arquitecto AlarifeHUDXQDSDODEUDSROLVpPLFDTXHSRGtDUHIHULUVHRELHQDXQ DUTXLWHFWRRPDHVWURGHREUDVRELHQSRGtDWHQHUXQDDFHSFLyQD~QPiV HVSHFt¿FDODGHPDHVWURGHREUDVGHDOEDxLOHUtDRFDUSLQWHUtDRLQFOXVR LQVSHFWRUGHXQRVR¿FLRVFI0DtOOR6DOJDGR (VUHHPSOD]DGRSRUarquitectoWRPDGRGHOODWtQARCHITECTUSGR FXPHQWDGRHQIHFKDEDVWDQWHWHPSUDQDKDFLD Albéitar – veterinario AlbéitarHVXQFDVRPiVHVSHFLDOSXHVWRTXHVHUHVLVWHDODHOLPL QDFLyQKDVWDHOVLJOR;,;VLHQGRKDVWDDTXHOODIHFKDOD~QLFDSD ODEUDFRQRFLGD\XVDGDVeterinarioWRPDGRGHOODWtQ9(7(5,1Ɩ5,86 XQGHULYDGRGH9(7(5Ʈ1$(µEHVWLDVGHFDUJD¶HVWiGRFXPHQWDGRHQHO VLJOR;,;\FRQVLJXHHQSRFRVDxRVHOLPLQDUFDVLSRUFRPSOHWRDVX FRPSHWLGRU.
Alfaquín – médico, doctor
El alfaquínHUDPiVELHQXQPpGLFRPXVXOPiQDVRFLDFLyQTXHKD
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Trujamán – intérprete
0X\XWLOL]DGRGXUDQWHOD(GDG0HGLD trujamán FDHHQGHVXVR DSDUWLUGHOVLJOR;9,\HVVXVWLWXLGRSRUintérpreteWRPDGRGHOODWtQ
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Alarife – maestro de obras
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Alatar – droguero, perfumista
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PERµSHU¶\)80Ɩ5(µSURGXFLUKXPR¶FIDLE/DVHJXQGDYDULDQWH
HVdrogueroTXH\DVHSXHGHHQFRQWUDUHQORVWH[WRVD¿QDOHVGHOVLJOR ;9(VXQGHULYDGRGHdrogaSDODEUDLQWHUQDFLRQDOGHKLVWRULDRVFXUD SUREDEOHPHQWHWRPDGDGHOIUDQFpVD¿QDOHVGHOVLJOR;9FIDCECH Alfajeme – barbero 'RFXPHQWDGRHQbarberoFRQVLJXHGHVSOD]DUSURQWRDal-fajeme(VXQGHULYDGRGHbarbaSDODEUDSDWULPRQLDOKHUHGDGDGHO ODWtQBARBA. Aljabibe – ropavejero RopavejeroHOVXVWLWXWRGHODFFLGHQWDOaljabibeVHHQFXHQWUDSRU YH]HQXQGRFXPHQWRGH(VXQFRPSXHVWRGHULYDGRDSDUWLU GHropaDWHVWDGRHQEDMRODIRUPDraupaTXHSURFHGHGHOJyWLFR /DSURIHVLyQGHintérprete HVWDEDFODUDPHQWHGLIHUHQFLDGDGHODGHtraductor HQOD(GDG0HGLDQQ
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4.3. Préstamos de otros idiomas romances
Albardán – bufón AlbardánYLHQHVLHQGRUHHPSOD]DGRDSDUWLUGHOVLJOR;9,,SRU ODSDODEUDGHRULJHQLWDOLDQRbufónSURFHGHQWHGHOLWbuffoneFI DCECH Alfayate – sastre AlfayateHVOD~QLFDIRUPDGRFXPHQWDGDHQHOVLJOR;,,,\VLJXH YLYDKDVWDHOVLJOR;9<DDSDUWLUGHOVLJOR;,9HPSLH]DDFRPSHWLU FRQVXVLQyQLPRsastreGRFXPHQWDGRHQTXHSURFHGHGHOFDW
sastre\DVXYH]GHOODWSARTORGHULYDGRGHSARCIREµUHPHQGDU]XU
FLU¶FIDCECH 4.4. Otros arabismos Alcaller – alfarero AlcallerUHSUHVHQWDXQFDVRPiVHVSHFLDOHOGHXQDUDELVPRVXVWL WXLGRSRURWURDUDELVPR(VSDODEUDGHSRFRXVRHQHVSDxROWDO\FRPR ORLQGLFDQODVRFXUUHQFLDVGHOCDH\UHVXOWDUiFRPSOHWDPHQWH GHVSOD]DGDSRUalfareroTXHVLJXHVLHQGRHOYRFDEORHQXVRKDVWDKR\ HQGtD 5. Conclusiones 1XHVWURHVWXGLRVHKDEDVDGRHQXQLQYHQWDULRGHGLHFLRFKRQRPEUHV GHSURIHVLRQHVHQWUHORVFXDOHVKDEtDXQDSDODEUDSROLVpPLFDDVtTXH KHPRVOOHJDGRDXQWRWDOGHGLHFLQXHYHOH[HPDV'HORVWpUPLQRVDQD OL]DGRVKD\VHLValbacea, albañil, alcahuete/a, alfarero, rabadán,
zagualTXHVREUHYLYHQVLQFDPELRGHVLJQL¿FDGR\XQRazafata
FRQXQFDPELRQRWDEOHGHVXVLJQL¿FDGR2WUROH[HPDaldránGHVD SDUHFHWRWDOPHQWHPLHQWUDVTXHRWURazafataVRODPHQWHSLHUGHXQR GHVXVVLJQL¿FDGRV)LQDOPHQWHKD\FXDWURYRFDEORValarife,
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alatar, alfajeme, aljabibeSRUFUHDFLRQHVLQWHUQDVGRVGHULYDGRVXQ
FRPSXHVWR\XQFRPSXHVWRGHULYDGRGRValbardán, alfayateSRU
SUpVWDPRVGHRWURVLGLRPDVURPDQFHVFDWDOiQHLWDOLDQR\XQRal-callerSRURWURDUDELVPR+D\WUHVWpUPLQRValarife, alatar, alfaquín
SDUDORVFXDOHVKHPRVLQGLFDGRGRVRLQFOXVRWUHVSRVLEOHVUHHPSOD]RV GDGRTXHHQDOJXQRVFDVRVORVVXVWLWXWRVQRFXEUtDQODPLVPDHVIHUD FRQFHSWXDO $SHVDUGHOLQYHQWDULRUHGXFLGRDQDOL]DGRHQHVWHWUDEDMRKHPRV SRGLGRHYLGHQFLDUODGLQiPLFDGHHVWHFDPSRHQODGLDFURQtDTXHKD FRQVLVWLGRHQFDPELRV\VROXFLRQHVGHVXVWLWXFLyQPX\YDULDGRV Bibliografía CDH ,QVWLWXWRGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQ5DIDHO/DSHVDGHOD5HDO$FDGHPLD(VSDxR ODCorpus del Nuevo diccionario histórico del Español >RQOLQH@ KWWSZHEIUOHV&1'+(
&253(6;;, 5HDO$FDGHPLD(VSDxRODCorpus del Español del Siglo XXI>RQOLQH@ KWWSZZZUDHHVUHFXUVRVEDQFRGHGDWRVFRUSHV[[L
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&26(5,8(³+DFLDXQDWLSRORJtDGHORVFDPSRVOp[LFRV´HQPrin-cipios de semántica estructural*UHGRV0DGULGSS
DCECH &RURPLQDV-3DVFXDO-$Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánicoYRO*UHGRV0DGULG
DELR 5HLQKHLPHU5vSHDQX6FRRUGDictionnaire des emprunts latins dans les langues romanes(GLWXUD$FDGHPLHL5RPkQH%XFXUHúWL DLE 5HDO$FDGHPLD(VSDxROD$VRFLDFLyQGH$FDGHPLDVGHOD/HQJXD
(VSDxRODDiccionario de la lengua españolaHG(VSDVD0D GULG>RQOLQH@KWWSZZZUDHHVUHFXUVRVGLFFLRQDULRVGUDH
Para alarifeKHPRVSURSXHVWRGRVUHHPSOD]RVSRVLEOHVXQFXOWLVPRODWLQR
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(1Ă&+(6&80HQSUHQVDPérdida y reemplazo de arabismos en es-pañol: cargos militares y cargos públicos.
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/$3(6$5Historia de la lengua españolaHG*UHGRV0DGULG 0$Ë//26$/*$'2)Los arabismos del castellano en la Baja
Edad Media. Consideraciones históricas y ¿OROyJLFDVHG(GLFLRQHV 8QLYHUVLGDGGH6DODPDQFD6DODPDQFD
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5(,1+(,0(55,3($186Les emprunts latins dans les langues romanes(GLWXUD8QLYHUVLWăĠLLGLQ%XFXUHúWL%XFXUHúWL