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A N N A L E S

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VOL. XLVII, 4 SECTIO H 2013

Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman

ANNA SEMYKINA

Changing priorities of human development at the stage

of transformation into innovative economy

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Key words: human development, human capital, span of life, health, education, welfare, social development 6áRZDNOXF]RZHUR]ZyMOXG]NLNDSLWDáOXG]NLUR]SLĊWRĞüĪ\FLD]GURZLDHGXNDFMLRSLHNLVSRáHF]QHM UR]ZRMXVSRáHF]QHJR

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In the early twenty-first-century world countries faced dramatic changes in WKHYDOXHV\VWHPRIWKHLUGHYHORSPHQWFDXVHGE\WKHULVLQJUROHRINQRZOHGJHDQG UHFRJQLWLRQ RI WKH XQLTXH DELOLW\ RI KXPDQ FDSLWDO WR EHFRPH D VRXUFH RI UDLVLQJ competitiveness through the development and implementation of innovations. It was found that especially those countries move faster towards the formation of innovative HFRQRP\ZKRVHSXEOLFSROLF\FKDQJHGWRZDUGVIDYRXULQJRIWKHKXPDQGHYHORSPHQW TXDOLW\ZKHUHWKHOHYHORIVRFLDOUHVSRQVLELOLW\IRUWKHFUHDWLRQRIEHWWHUFRQGLWLRQV for improving health, education and raising living standards has increased.

In this context, for Ukraine and other countries that have recently chosen the market path of development, the search for opportunities to provide innovative changes in the HFRQRP\E\LPSURYLQJWKHTXDOLW\RIKXPDQFDSLWDOWKURXJKWKHVRFLDOUHRULHQWDWLRQ RISXEOLFSROLF\EHFRPHVH[WUHPHO\XUJHQW

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$PRQJWKH8NUDLQLDQVFLHQWLVWVWKHWKHRUHWLFDODQGDSSOLHGSUREOHPVRIWKHKXPDQ development and of the formation, implementation and development of the human FDSLWDODUHH[SORUHGE\$QWRQMXN9$*ULVKQRYD7=D\DWV$&RORW(/LEDQRYD DQGRWKHUV+RZHYHUGHVSLWHWKHDFKLHYHPHQWVLQWKHVWXG\RIWKLVSUREOHPWKHDFD-demic research in this sphere does not lose relevance for Ukraine.

The goal of the research is to prove the necessity to change the priorities of human GHYHORSPHQWLQ8NUDLQHDQGWRUHRULHQWWKHSXEOLFSROLF\LQIDYRXURIVWUHQJWKHQLQJ LWVVRFLDOFRPSRQHQWIRUPDWLRQRIWKHGHYHORSHGKXPDQFDSLWDODVDSUHUHTXLVLWHIRU a successful transformation into the innovative economy.

The analysis of the scientific literature showed that for a long time the thinkers RIWKHSDVWDQGSUHVHQWGLVFXVVHGWKHSULRULWLHVRIWKHSXEOLFSROLF\GHYHORSPHQWWKH LQWHUFRQQHFWLRQEHWZHHQHFRQRPLFJURZWKDQGKXPDQGHYHORSPHQW,QWKHVHFRQG KDOI RI WKH WZHQWLHWK FHQWXU\ YLHZV RI WKH UHVHDUFKHUV ZHUH JUHDWO\ LQIOXHQFHG E\ the theory of human capital, which is connected with the names of T. Schulz and +%HFNHU>@%DVHGRQWKHWKHRU\RIKXPDQFDSLWDOWKHVWUDWHJLFGHYHORSPHQW SULRULWLHVRIFRXQWULHVFRPSDQLHVDQGFRUSRUDWLRQVVKRXOGWREHEDVHGRQSURYLGLQJ the system of various social investment in the social development.

$ELWGLIIHUHQWSRLQWRIYLHZZKLFKKDVEHHQDOVRZLGHO\DFNQRZOHGJHGLQWKH UHFHQWGHFDGHV±LVWRGHWHUPLQHWKHGHYHORSPHQWSULRULWLHVRQWKHEDVHRIH[SDQG-ing opportunities of choice. One of the first who has seen the “expandUHFHQWGHFDGHV±LVWRGHWHUPLQHWKHGHYHORSPHQWSULRULWLHVRQWKHEDVHRIH[SDQG-ing human choices” as a goal of development was W. Arthur Lewis. He connected this choice especially with increasing income, economic growth, the necessity to take into account WKHPXOWLSOLFLW\RIVXFKJURZWKIDFWRUV HVSHFLDOO\SV\FKRORJLFDODQGLQVWLWXWLRQDO  However, the researcher didn’t foresee the actions to overcome the differentiation in WKHLQFRPH>@

Indian scientist Amartya Sen went further in his research – in the work “Devel-RSPHQWDV)UHHGRP´KHSURSRVHGDQRULJLQDOLGHDVHHWKHJRDORIGHYHORSPHQWQRW in the unlimited expansion of production, economic growth and material prosperity, EXWLQWKHFUHDWLRQRSSRUWXQLWLHVWRH[SDQGKXPDQFKRLFHWROLYHLQDVXFKZD\ZKLFK they consider worthy.

A. Sen connected his approach to the development of society with the expanding KXPDQIUHHGRPVLQRUGHUWRFKRRVHIURPDODUJHQXPEHURIYDULDQWVWKHPRVWGHVLU-DEOHWREHDEOHWRVDYHRQHVHOIWKHGLVHDVHVWKDWFDQEHDYRLGHGOLYHORQJWRFKRRVH WKHFDUHHUKDYHDFFHVVWRNQRZOHGJHDQGRWKHUZHDOWKVRIFLYLOL]DWLRQ>@

Thanks A.Sen ideas the essence of the society development was defined as a pro-FHVVLQWKHFHQWUHRIZKLFKLVDKXPDQ/DWHUWKLVDQGRWKHULGHDVZHUHFRPELQHGE\ DJURXSRIH[SHUWVRI81'3DQGIRUPHGWKHEDVLVRIWKHFRQFHSWRIKXPDQGHYHO-RSPHQWZKLFKZDVILUVWLQWURGXFHGLQWKH*OREDO+XPDQ'HYHORSPHQW5HSRUWIRU >@

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The concept comes from the fact that only economic growth does not always guarantee the social progress. This progress takes place only when the economy makes SRVVLEOHIRUSHRSOHWRUHDOL]HWKHWKUHHPRVWLPSRUWDQWDQGEDVLFIHDWXUHVIRUHYHU\RQH WROLYHDORQJDQGKHDOWK\OLIHWRDFTXLUHH[SDQGDQGXSGDWHNQRZOHGJHKDYHPDWH-rial wealth, which means the access to the livelihood, which provide a worthy living.

Therefore, the concept of human development is defined as the growth of human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

Human Development index (HDI) Australia USA Germany Switzerland Japan France Slovenia Spain Italy Great Britain Estonia Slovakia Poland Poland Latvia Bulgaria Belarus Russian Federation Kazakhstan Ukraine Brazil Turkey MoldovaMoldova1.000 0.900 0.800 0.700 0.600 0.500 0.400 Australia USA Germany Switzerland Japan France Slovenia Spain Italy Great Britain Estonia Slovakia Poland Poland Latvia Bulgaria Belarus Russian Federation Kazakhstan Ukraine Brazil Turkey Moldova Moldova

Expected span of life (years)

85.0 80.0 75.0 70.0 65.0 60.0 55.0 50.0

Fig. 1. Ukraine and other countries of the world in estimates of the human development index

Fig. 2. Ukraine and other countries of the world in estimates of expected span of life

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Note that this situation is the result of the long underestimation of the role of social policy in favor of predominantly economic development paradigm. In Ukraine, despite the fact that the theory of human capital and the concept of human

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As analysis shows, among all the components of human development in Ukraine, WKHEHVWSRVLWLRQDPRQJRWKHUFRXQWULHVLVFKDUDFWHUL]HGMXVWE\WKHLQGH[RIHGXFD-WLRQ$FFRUGLQJWRWKHLQGH[RI\HDUVRIVFKRROLQJ8NUDLQHOHDYHVEHKLQG.D]DNKVWDQ 5XVVLD/LWKXDQLD3RODQG%ULWDLQ)UDQFH )LJ DOWKRXJKLQLQWHUQDWLRQDOUDQNLQJV RIHGXFDWLRQTXDOLW\8NUDLQHLVEDFNZDUG Australia USA Germany Switzerland Japan France Slovenia Spain Italy Great Britain Estonia Slovakia Poland Poland Latvia Bulgaria Belarus Russian Federation Kazakhstan Ukraine Brazil Turkey Moldova Moldova 4500040000 35000 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0

Gross National Product (GDP)

per capita (USD) Australia USA Germany Switzerland Japan France Slovenia Spain Italy Great Britain Estonia Slovakia Poland Poland Latvia Bulgaria Belarus Russian Federation Kazakhstan Ukraine Brazil Turkey MoldovaMoldova 14.012.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 Years of schooling

Fig. 3. Ukraine and other countries of the world in estimates of the years of schooling

Fig. 4. Ukraine and other countries of the world LQHVWLPDWHVRI*'3SHUFDSLWD 86

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Annual GDP per capita is an indicator of welfare. In Ukraine, it doesn’t reach seven thousand dollars, it is 4–6 times lower in comparison with developed Euro-SHDQFRXQWULHV8NUDLQHLVEHKLQG.D]DNKVWDQ5XVVLD%HODUXV/DWYLD/LWKXDQLD 3RODQGDQGRWKHUV+RZHYHU8NUDLQHEHORQJVWRWKHFRXQWULHVZLWKWKHDYHUDJHOHYHO RILQFRPH )LJ 

7KXVWKHJUHDWHVWSUREOHPVLQ8NUDLQHDUHWKHVRFLRGHPRJUDSKLFFRPSRQHQWVRI KXPDQGHYHORSPHQW±KHDOWKDQGHGXFDWLRQZKLFKUHTXLUHVWKHFKDQJHLQWKHVWUDWHJLF priorities in favor of intensive social development.

In the process of our research we have analyzed the dynamics of the Human 'HYHORSPHQW,QGH[ +', DWWKHH[DPSOHRI8NUDLQLDQUHJLRQV%DVHOLQHGDWDIRUPHG for the 27 regions of Ukraine for the period from year 2000 to 2011 are presented LQWKH7DEOH

%HLQJDSUHGRPLQDQWO\OLQHDURUGHULQJLQWLPHIJ LQFUHDVLQJGHFUHDVLQJRUVWDEOH YDOXH IURP\HDUWR\HDU IJ ±\HDUIJ ±WK\HDUHWF RXWSXWGDWD IRUHDFKUHJLRQDUHFKDUDFWHUL]HGE\DLQWHUHODWLRQKGL DEîIJZKLFKGHWHFWVWKH WUHQGVLQFKDQJHVRIUHJLRQDO+XPDQ'HYHORSPHQW,QGH[HV±KGL 7DEOH 

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Regions of the country Trend coefficients Trend Type of hdi change

a E KGL DEîIJ

Crimea 0.561 –0.007 KGL îIJ decreasing

Vinnytsia region 0.538 –0.011 KGL îIJ decreasing

Volyn region 0.488 0.000 KGL îIJ VWDEOH

Dnipropetrovsk region 0.489 –0.001 KGL îIJ decreasing Donetsk region 0.426 –0.002 KGL îIJ decreasing Zhytomyr region 0.488 –0.004 KGL îIJ decreasing Transcarpathian region 0.545 –0.005 KGL îIJ decreasing Zaporozhye region 0.500 –0.003 KGL îIJ decreasing Ivano-Frankivsk region 0.496 –0.001 KGL îIJ decreasing

Kiev region 0.511 0.002 KGL îIJ increasing

Kirovograd region 0.491 –0.007 KGL îIJ decreasing Lugansk region 0.401 0.003 KGL îIJ increasing

Lviv region 0.547 –0.006 KGL îIJ decreasing

Mykolaiv region 0.466 0.002 KGL îIJ increasing Odessa region 0.481 –0.002 KGL îIJ decreasing Poltava region 0.561 –0.005 KGL îIJ decreasing Rivne region 0.511 –0.002 KGL îIJ decreasing

Sumy region 0.466 –0.001 KGL îIJ decreasing

Ternopil region 0.521 –0.004 KGL îIJ decreasing Kharkiv region 0.548 0.001 KGL îIJ increasing

Kherson region 0.467 0.000 KGL îIJ VWDEOH

Khmelnytsky region 0.523 –0.001 KGL îIJ decreasing Cherkasy region 0.536 –0.006 KGL îIJ decreasing Chernivtsi region 0.506 –0.003 KGL îIJ decreasing Chernigiv region 0.496 –0.003 KGL îIJ decreasing

Kyiv 0.701 –0.001 KGL îIJ decreasing

Sevastopol 0.581 0.000 KGL îIJ VWDEOH

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7 DEOH ' \Q DP LF VR IU HJ LR QD O+ XP DQ' HY HOR SP HQW, QG H[ HV L Q8 NU DLQ H 20 00 20 01 20 02 20 03 20 04 20 05 20 06 20 07 20 08 20 09 20 10 20 11 Au to no m ou s R eg io n C ri m ea 0. 57 7 0. 565 0. 55 8 0. 54 6 0. 51 9 0.493 0.49 5 0.4 74 0. 51 5 0. 53 7 0.49 4 0.49 1 V in ny ts ia r eg io n 0. 55 1 0. 54 4 0. 53 1 0. 51 7 0.49 7 0.4 40 0.4 41 0.4 18 0.4 23 0.4 4 0.4 35 0.4 66 V ol yn r eg io n 0.4 85 0.49 6 0.49 0 0.4 88 0. 50 5 0.4 63 0.4 84 0.4 75 0.4 69 0. 52 6 0.4 75 0.4 87 D ni pr op et rov sk r eg io n 0.49 6 0.4 81 0.4 83 0.49 9 0.4 75 0.4 84 0.4 84 0.4 78 0.4 78 0. 50 0 0.4 80 0.4 74 D on et sk r eg io n 0.4 50 0.4 25 0.4 21 0.4 13 0.4 18 0. 39 7 0. 39 7 0. 39 2 0.4 01 0.4 08 0.4 01 0.4 26 Z hy to m yr r eg io n 0.49 6 0.4 81 0.4 70 0.4 74 0.4 87 0.4 52 0.4 60 0.4 66 0.4 69 0.4 70 0.4 38 0.4 38 T ra ns ca rp at hi an r eg io n 0. 54 7 0. 52 4 0. 51 6 0. 55 8 0. 55 7 0. 50 5 0. 50 7 0.49 2 0. 51 1 0. 50 4 0.4 88 0.4 89 Z ap or iz hi a r eg io n 0. 50 8 0. 51 2 0.4 88 0.4 80 0. 50 2 0.4 57 0.4 89 0.4 66 0.4 80 0. 50 4 0.4 63 0.4 77 Iv an o-Fr an ki vs k r eg io n 0. 50 9 0.4 82 0.4 90 0.4 99 0.4 89 0.4 82 0.4 84 0.4 76 0.4 94 0. 51 3 0.4 87 0.4 60 K ie v r eg io n 0. 53 9 0. 53 8 0. 503 0. 51 8 0. 50 9 0.4 83 0.4 89 0.493 0. 54 7 0. 54 2 0. 53 2 0. 55 7 K ir ovo gr ad r eg io n 0. 50 1 0.4 87 0.4 85 0.49 0 0.4 64 0.4 19 0.4 37 0.4 32 0.4 22 0.4 36 0.4 23 0.4 48 L ug an sk r eg io n 0.4 12 0.4 13 0. 39 0 0.4 14 0.4 00 0.4 12 0.4 12 0.4 20 0.4 21 0.4 33 0.4 28 0.4 34 L vi v r eg io n 0. 55 5 0. 53 0. 53 0 0. 53 4 0. 52 9 0. 50 2 0. 52 1 0.4 84 0. 50 9 0.49 7 0.4 83 0.4 72 My kol ai v r eg io n 0.4 68 0.4 82 0.4 52 0.4 61 0.4 72 0.4 66 0.4 85 0.4 82 0.4 89 0.49 5 0.4 72 0.4 75 O de ss a r eg io n 0. 50 7 0.4 76 0.4 68 0.4 66 0.4 65 0.4 68 0.4 69 0.4 64 0.4 74 0.4 8 0.4 55 0.4 66 Po lt av a r eg io n 0. 57 6 0. 55 9 0. 563 0. 53 0 0. 55 3 0. 50 6 0. 52 8 0. 51 5 0. 52 1 0. 52 8 0. 51 0 0. 52 6 R iv ne r eg io n 0.4 82 0. 52 0 0.49 9 0. 51 4 0. 51 3 0. 50 4 0. 51 6 0. 503 0. 51 9 0. 50 8 0.4 65 0.4 73 S um y r eg io n 0.4 74 0.4 62 0.4 63 0.4 65 0.4 66 0.4 46 0.4 71 0.4 61 0.4 65 0.4 59 0.4 44 0.4 70 Te rn op il r eg io n 0. 53 3 0. 527 0. 52 1 0. 52 3 0.4 89 0.4 66 0.4 69 0.4 75 0. 50 1 0. 50 6 0.4 86 0.4 85 K ha rk iv r eg io n 0. 54 9 0. 55 4 0. 55 3 0. 55 3 0. 55 8 0. 53 7 0. 55 6 0. 55 9 0. 55 6 0. 579 0. 56 1 0. 56 2 K he rs on r eg io n 0.4 82 0.4 77 0.4 61 0.4 55 0.4 76 0.4 47 0.4 68 0.4 62 0.4 78 0.4 81 0.4 68 0.4 80 K hme ln yt sk y re gi on 0. 53 7 0.5 23 0. 52 7 0.5 18 0. 51 3 0.5 08 0. 49 6 0.5 07 0. 52 7 0.5 23 0. 51 6 0.5 23 C he rk as y r eg io n 0. 54 8 0. 53 5 0. 52 2 0. 50 4 0. 51 7 0.49 2 0.493 0.49 1 0. 50 0 0.49 7 0.4 85 0.4 65 C he rn iv ts i r eg io n 0. 52 1 0. 51 1 0.4 76 0. 51 6 0. 51 3 0.4 37 0.4 89 0.4 71 0.4 89 0.4 86 0.4 79 0.4 82 C he rn ig iv r eg io n 0. 52 3 0. 50 9 0.4 89 0.4 89 0.4 69 0.4 66 0.4 50 0.4 35 0.4 65 0.4 82 0.4 75 0.498 K yi v 0. 71 7 0.69 9 0.6 88 0.69 1 0. 71 1 0.65 9 0.695 0.698 0.693 0.69 7 0.698 0.6 73 S ev as to pol 0. 58 8 0. 56 0 0. 59 9 0.6 05 0. 57 0 0. 565 0. 57 9 0. 54 8 0. 59 3 0. 58 4 0. 59 8 0. 57 6 6RX UF H “ 5 HJ LR QD O+X P DQ' HY HOR SP HQ W6W DW LV WLF DO % XO OH WL Q´ . \L Y 6W DW H 6W DW LV WL FV 6 HU YL FH R I8 NU DL QH    SS

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$VFDQEHFRQFOXGHGIURP7DEOH±RQO\WKUHHUHJLRQVRXWRIWZHQW\VHYHQVKRZ WKH LQFUHDVH RI +XPDQ 'HYHORSPHQW ,QGH[ .\LY /XJDQVN DQG .KDUNLY UHJLRQV  WKHVWDEOH+',G\QDPLFVLVVKRZQE\RWKHUWKUHHUHJLRQV±'RQHWVN.KHUVRQDQG 6HYDVWRSRODQGRWKHUUHJLRQV SUHGRPLQDQWPDMRULW\±UHJLRQV VKRZWKHGHFUHDVH of HDI. This proves the necessity to intensify the scientific research towards find-ing the ways to promote human development as a prerogative for the most regions of the country. $FFRUGLQJWRWKHGDWDRIUHJLRQDO+',FRPSRQHQWV 7DEOH ZHKDYHREWDLQHG DUDWKHUSUHFLVH FRHIILFLHQWRIGHWHUPLQDWLRQFORVHWR PRGHOZKLFKGHVFULEHVWKH FRUUHODWLRQEHWZHHQUHJLRQDO+',LQVXP KGL DQGLWVFRPSRQHQWV KGL  GG GOP PZ OFS HO VK   VH HF IKG  9DOXHVRIFRHIILFLHQWVDFFRUGLQJWRWKHYDULDEOHVLQWKH0RGHOGHPRQVWUDWHWKH priority of the index constituents’ impact on the regional human development. Taking WKHELJJHVWFRHIILFLHQW IRUWKHYDULDEOH³PZ´ DVRQHKXQGUHGSHUFHQWZHFDQRUGHU WKHYDULDEOHV¶FRHIILFLHQWVDFFRUGLQJWRWKHSULRULW\RIWKHLULPSDFW PZ  ±PDWHULDOZHOIDUH HO  ±HGXFDWLRQDOOHYHO OFS  ±OLYLQJFRQGLWLRQVRISRSXODWLRQ GG  ±GHPRJUDSKLFGHYHORSPHQW VK  ±VWDWHRIKHDOWK HF  ±HQYLURQPHQWDOFRQGLWLRQV VH  ±VRFLDOHQYLURQPHQW GOP  ±GHYHORSPHQWRIDODERUPDUNHW IKG  ±IXQGLQJRIKXPDQGHYHORSPHQW 7DEOH9DOXHVRIUHJLRQDO+XPDQ'HYHORSPHQW,QGH[HVDQGLWVFRPSRQHQWV Ye ar Dem og rap h-ic d ev elo p-me nt De ve lo p-me nt o f ODE RU P DUN HW M ater ia l we lf ar e Liv in g c on -di ti on s Ed uc at io na l le ve l St at e o f he al th So cia l e nv i-ron m en t Een vi ro n-me nt al sit ua tio n Fu nd in g o f hu m an d e-ve lopme nt H um an D e-ve lo pm en t In de x

dr rrp md upn ro soz cc tc flr Ilrr

2000 0.394 0.629 0.508 0.451 0.435 0.673 0.568 0.974 0.593 0.577 2001 0.328 0.645 0.458 0.479 0.419 0.628 0.576 0.965 0.638 0.565 2002 0.344 0.721 0.532 0.466 0.413 0.554 0.531 0.963 0.543 0.558 2003 0.373 0.618 0.510 0.467 0.412 0.519 0.520 0.982 0.538 0.546 2004 0.293 0.559 0.514 0.458 0.390 0.552 0.478 0.951 0.491 0.519

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Ye ar Dem og rap h-ic d ev elo p-me nt De ve lo p-me nt o f ODE RU P DUN HW Mat er ial we lf ar e Liv in g c on -di ti on s Ed uc at io na l le ve l St at e o f he al th So cia l e nv i-ron m en t Een vi ro n-me nt al sit ua tio n Fu nd in g o f hu m an d e-ve lopme nt H um an D e-ve lo pm en t In de x

dr rrp md upn ro soz cc tc flr Ilrr

2005 0.340 0.621 0.413 0.458 0.353 0.531 0.477 0.793 0.487 0.493 2006 0.346 0.592 0.445 0.450 0.374 0.509 0.531 0.792 0.440 0.495 2007 0.345 0.541 0.406 0.441 0.382 0.561 0.460 0.717 0.426 0.474 2008 0.327 0.637 0.477 0.437 0.393 0.582 0.513 0.713 0.613 0.515 2009 0.351 0.753 0.520 0.427 0.449 0.653 0.472 0.691 0.569 0.537 2010 0.404 0.683 0.362 0.422 0.455 0.548 0.410 0.655 0.565 0.494 2011 0.437 0.644 0.458 0.417 0.502 0.457 0.415 0.648 0.461 0.491 6RXUFH5HJLRQDO+XPDQ'HYHORSPHQW6WDWLVWLFDO%XOOHWLQ.\LY6WDWH6WDWLVWLFV6HUYLFHRI8NUDLQHSS $VZHFDQVHHIURPWKH0RGHODQG7DEOHZHVKRXOGGHYHORSWKHUHJLRQDO human development programmes taking into account the determined priority HDI components in order to influence positively its value in all regions of Ukraine. In this FDVHWKHH[SHFWHGFKDQJHVDUHGHWHUPLQHGE\WKH0RGHOZKLFKVKRZVWKDWDFKDQJH RIDQ\YDULDEOHE\DFHUWDLQDPRXQWOHDGVWRDFKDQJHRIWKHJHQHUDOUHJLRQDO+', YDOXHE\WKHDOJRULWKPFKDQJHGYDULDEOHPXOWLSOLHGE\WKHFRHIILFLHQWFKDQJHVWKH general sum of index value.

7DEOH+',DQGLWVFRPSRQHQWV¶YDOXHVIRUWKHFRXQWULHVZLWKDKLJKOHYHORI+'

Country Human Development Index and its components

HDIC ESL MYS EYS GNP

1 Norway 0.943 81.1 12.6 17.3 47 557 2 Australia 0.929 81.9 12.0 18.0 34 431 3 Netherlands 0.910 80.7 11.6 16.8 36 402 4 USA 0.910 78.5 12.4 16.0 43 017 5 New Zealand 0.908 80.7 12.5 18.0 23 737 6 Canada 0.908 81.0 12.1 16.0 35 166 7 Ireland 0.908 80.6 11.6 18.0 29 322 8 Liechtenstein 0.905 79.6 10.3 14.7 83 717 9 Germany 0.905 80.4 12.2 15.9 34 854

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10 Sweden 0.904 81.4 11.7 15.7 35 837 11 Switzerland 0.903 82.3 11.0 15.6 39 924 12 Japan 0.901 83.4 11.6 15.1 32 295 13 Hong Kong 0.898 82.8 10.0 15.7 44 805 14 Iceland 0.898 81.8 10.4 18.0 29 354 15 Korea 0.897 80.6 11.6 16.9 28 230 16 Denmark 0.895 78.8 11.4 16.9 34 347 17 Israel 0.888 81.6 11.9 15.5 25 849 18 %HOJLXP 0.886 80.0 10.9 16.1 33 357 19 Austria 0.885 80.9 10.8 15.3 35 719 20 France 0.884 81.5 10.6 16.1 30 462 21 Slovenia 0.884 79.3 11.6 16.9 24 914 22 Finland 0.882 80.0 10.3 16.8 32 438 23 Spain 0.878 81.4 10.4 16.6 26 508 24 Italy 0.874 81.9 10.1 16.3 26 484 25 /X[HPERXUJ 0.867 80.0 10.1 13.3 50 557 26 Singapore 0.866 81.1 8.8 14.4 52 569 27 &]HFK5HSXEOLF 0.865 77.7 12.3 15.6 21 405 28 UK 0.863 80.2 9.3 16.1 33 296 29 Greece 0.861 79.9 10.1 16.5 23 747 30 8QLWHG$UDE(PLUDWHV 0.846 76.5 9.3 13.3 59 993

6RXUFH+XPDQ'HYHORSPHQW5HSRUWSustainability and Equity: A Better Future for All. Transl. from English.; 81'30RVFRZ3XEOLVKLQJ+RXVH³$OOWKH:RUOG´SS %\XVLQJLQWHUQDWLRQDOH[SHULHQFH EDVHOLQH+',GDWDSUHVHQWHGIRUFRXQWULHV 7DEOH UHJXODULW\DQRWKHUFDQEHGHWHFWHGWKDWFRUUHVSRQGVWRWKHGHSHQGHQFHRI +XPDQ'HYHORSPHQW,QGH[HVRIWKHFRXQWULHV UHJLRQVLQJOREDOWHUPV  +',& RQWKH FKDUDFWHULVWLFVZKLFKDUHWDNHQLQWRDFFRXQWE\WKH81'3LQWKHLUUHVHDUFKPHWKRGV± DQH[SHFWHGVSDQRIOLIH (6/\HDUV WKHPDLQ\HDUVRIVFKRROLQJ 0<6\HDUV WKH H[SHFWHG\HDUVRIVFKRROLQJ (<6\HDUV DQGDQDPRXQWRIWKH*URVV1DWLRQDO3URGXFW SHUFDSLWD *13GROODUV 7KLVUHJXODULW\FDQEHUHDOL]HGE\WKHIROORZLQJPRGHO +',&  (6/ 0<6 (<6 *13 

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Analysis of components’ influence on the Human Development Index reveals DFKDUDFWHULVWLFIHDWXUHDVZHFDQVHHIURPWKH7DEOH$FFRUGLQJWRWKHVHGDWDWKH +',YDOXHIRUWKHFRXQWULHVLVGHWHUPLQHGSULPDULO\ UDQJLQJIURPWR  E\DQH[SHFWHGVSDQRIOLIHDQGZLWKDVWURQJLQIOXHQFH ± RIWKHPDLQ \HDUVRIVFKRROLQJ7KHYDULDEOHRIWKHH[SHFWHG\HDUVRIVFKRROLQJOHVVLQIOXHQFHV +',UDQJLQJIURP±*URVV1DWLRQDO3URGXFWLQWKLVFDVHKDVWKHVPDOO-HVWLPSDFW±DWOHDVWIURPWRZKLFKLVFRQWUDU\WRWKHYLHZVRIPDQ\ scientists who follow the concept that economic component (which, actually the GNP LV  KDV D GRPLQDQW LQIOXHQFH RQ WKH KXPDQ GHYHORSPHQW 5HYHDOHG FLUFXPVWDQFH confirms the validity of another concept, that social component (which is presented LQRXUDQDO\VLVDVDQH[SHFWHGVSDQRIOLIHPDLQDQGH[SHFWHG\HDUVRIVFKRROLQJ  has a priority impact on the human development.

7DEOH&RPSRQHQWV¶LQIOXHQFHRQWKH+',IRUWKHFRXQWULHVZLWKDKLJKOHYHORI+' Component Designation ,PSDFW$VVHVVPHQWRQ+',&  Priority

average min max

Expected span of life, years ESL 58.6 55.7 60.9 1

Main years of schooling, years MYS 19.0 15.6 21.7 2

Expected years of schooling, years EYS 17.4 14.9 19.3 3

Gross National Product, dollars GNP 4.9 3.0 11.0 4

NRWH&DOFXODWHGXVLQJGDWDIURP+XPDQ'HYHORSPHQW5HSRUW6XVWDLQDELOLW\DQG(TXLW\$%HWWHU )XWXUHIRU$OO7UDQVOIURP(QJOLVK81'30RVFRZ3XEOLVKLQJ+RXVH³$OOWKH:RUOG´SS DQGEXLOWDFFRUGLQJWRWKH0RGHO

To prove our concept we have made the similar calculations performed with the GDWDIURP81'3UHSRUW³5HDO:HDOWKRI1DWLRQV3DWKZD\VWR'HYHORSPHQW´LQ RQDVDPSOHRIFRXQWULHV>S@2XUDQDO\VLVVKRZVWKHUHVXOWVVLPLODUWRWKH UHYHDOHG DERYH $FFRUGLQJ WR WKH FRUUHODWLRQ EHWZHHQ +', DQG LWV FRPSRQHQWV LQ ZHKDYHPDGHWKHVHSDUDWHPRGHO

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However, the Model 3 also shows that the strongest impact on the general HDI YDOXH LV EURXJKW E\ DQ H[SHFWHG VSDQ RI OLIH DQG WKH PDLQ \HDUV RI VFKRROLQJ $Q HIIHFWRIWKHFRPSRQHQWVRQJHQHUDO+',YDOXHEDVHGRQWKH0RGHODFFRUGLQJWR RXUFDOFXODWLRQVLVSURGXFHGLQ7DEOH

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7DEOH,PSDFWRIFRPSRQHQWVRQWKH+XPDQ'HYHORSPHQW,QGH[IRUFRXQWULHV

Component Designation ,PSDFW$VVHVVPHQWRQ+',&  Priority

average min max

Expected span of life, years ESL 72.9 65.5 81.1 1

Main years of schooling, years MYS 22.1 13.9 28.3 2

Expected years of schooling, years EYS 0.0 0.0 0.0 4

Gross National Product, dollars GNP 4.9 1.0 15.4 3

NRWH&DOFXODWHGXVLQJGDWDIURP+XPDQ'HYHORSPHQW5HSRUW7KH5HDO:HDOWKRI1DWLRQV3DWKZD\V WR+XPDQ'HYHORSPHQW7UDQVOIURP(QJOLVK81'33XEOLVKLQJ+RXVHRIWKH³9HVPLU´0RVFRZ SSDQGEXLOWDFFRUGLQJWRWKH0RGHO

Thus, we have a reason to suppose that social components, such as expected span of life, main and expected years of schooling are more influential in the terms of human development than solely economic, such as Gross National Product. As we VHHIURPWKHUHVXOWVDERYHWKHGLIIHUHQFHRILPSDFWEHWZHHQWKHLQIOXHQWLDOLQGH[HV – expected span of life and Gross National Product in our model of Human Develop-PHQW,QGH[LVDERXWILYHWLPHV

&RQFOXVLRQV

The results of the analysis prove the necessity to change the priorities of human development in Ukraine in favor of the social component. Moving to the innovative HFRQRP\UHTXLUHVDQLQWHQVLYHVRFLDOGHYHORSPHQWWKDWZLOOFKDQJHIRUWKHEHWWHUOLYLQJ conditions, the state of development of education, health care system in Ukraine and will provide an expanding opportunities for population’s self-realization in career and VHOIVXSSRUWLQJ3URVSHFWVRIIXUWKHUVFLHQWLILFVWXGLHVVKRXOGEHFRQQHFWHGZLWKWKH determination of the social innovations’ role in the formation of country human capital. %LEOLRJUDSK\

1. Shultz T., Human Capital in the International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, N.Y., 1968, vol. 6. 2. %HFNHU*6Human Capital: a theoretical and empirical analysis, with special reference to

edu-cationGHG1DWLRQDO%XUHDXRI(FRQRPLF5HVHDUFKGLVWULEXWHGE\&ROXPELD8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV

New York, 1975.

3. /HZLVȺKWWSGLFDFDGHPLFUXGLFQVIHV

4. 6HQȺDevelopment as Freedom7UDQVOIURP(QJDQGHGLWE\151XUHHYD/LEHU0LVVL\D M., 2004, 430 p.

5. Human Development Report 1990, Concept and measurement of human development. KWWSKGU XQGSRUJHQUHSRUWVJOREDOKGUFKDSWHUV

6. Human DevelopmentKWWSRRQUR]Y\WRNFRPXDKXPDQBGHYHORSPHQW

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7. *ULVKQRYDɈȺHuman Development: Manual.1(8.S

8. Antonyuk V.P., Amosha O.I., Meltser L.G. and oth., Human Capital of Ukrainian regions in the

context of innovative development: monograph, NAC Ukraine, Ins-t of Industrial Economy,

Do-netsk, 2011, 308 p.

9. Antonyuk V.P., Formation and use of human capital in Ukraine: social-economic assessment

and providing of development: monograph, NAC Ukraine, Ins-t of Industrial Economy, Donetsk,

2007, 348 p.

10. Human Development Report 2011, Sustainability and Equity: A Better Future for All, Transl. from (QJOLVK81'33XEOLVKLQJ+RXVH³$OOWKH:RUOG´0RVFRZS 11. +XPDQ'HYHORSPHQW5HSRUW7KH5HDO:HDOWKRI1DWLRQV3DWKZD\VWR+XPDQ'HYHORSPHQW 7UDQVOIURP(QJOLVK81'33XEOLVKLQJ+RXVHRIWKH³9HVPLU´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development in Ukraine at the stage of transformation into an innovative economy in favor of intensive VRFLDOGHYHORSPHQWDQGLPSURYLQJWKHTXDOLW\RIKXPDQFDSLWDOKDVEHHQSURYHG =PLDQ\SULRU\WHWyZUR]ZRMXJRVSRGDUF]HJRQDHWDSLHWUDQVIRUPDFML GRJRVSRGDUNLLQQRZDF\MQHM :SUDF\]DSUH]HQWRZDQRSRJOąG\QDXNRZHQDWHPDWFHOyZZVSyáF]HVQHJRUR]ZRMXF]áRZLHND1D LFKSRGVWDZLHSU]HDQDOL]RZDQRUR]ZyM8NUDLQ\QDWOHZ\EUDQ\FKNUDMyZ6]F]HJyáRZHMDQDOL]LHSRGGDQR ZDUWRĞüZVNDĨQLND+',LZVSyá]DOHĪQRĞFLMHMHOHPHQWyZZSRV]F]HJyOQ\FKUHJLRQDFK8NUDLQ\RUD] Z\EUDQ\FK NUDMDFK =DOHĪQRĞü +XPDQ 'HYHORSPHQW ,QGH[ JáyZQLH RG MHJR VNáDGQLND VSRáHF]QHJR ]RVWDáDXGRZRGQLRQDZ]DVWRVRZDQ\PPRGHOX%DGDQLDZ\ND]Dá\SRWU]HEĊ]PLDQ\SULRU\WHWyZUR]-ZRMXQD8NUDLQLHZRNUHVLHWUDQVIRUPDFMLGRJRVSRGDUNLLQQRZDF\MQHMQDU]HF]LQWHQV\ZQHJRUR]ZRMX VSRáHF]QHJRLSRSUDZ\MDNRĞFLNDSLWDáXOXG]NLHJR

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