T. 30. Lublin 2009
9_#?% /%!=7?
)? AC?#9+;3 1!)?%?9+==a C+9m'm5=3M A?GC+# #m/+=Om% 7!G?937m% I C?Em5E[7m5 m;A+Cmo
(1914-1918 CC.)
A,DT" F&nH@&" &n6>" FH":" >"*2&4R"6>4< &4BD@$J&">>b< *:b B,-D,FnR>@p :`*4>4 – DJ6>J&"&Fb F&nH pp 2&4R>@(@ 04HHb. ):b $"("H\@N 2 >4N (@:@&>4< $"0">>b< $J:@ JH,8H4: &n* &@D@(", V@ >"FHJB"&; &n* (@Db H" >,&42>"R,>@FHn J <"6$JH>\@<J; &n* 2:4(@*>n&, N&@D@$, F<,D-H,6 Dn*>4N n $:42\84N. E,D,* >"6$n:\T &D"2:4&4N F@Pn":\>4N (DJB >"F,:,>>b C@Fn6F\8@p n<B,Dnp $J:4 $n0,>Pn. )<4HD@ )@D@T,>8@, &n-*@<46 J8D"p>F\846 nFH@D48, *,D0"&>46 n B@:nH4R>46 *nbR, J F&@pN FB@("*"N FBD"&,*:4&@ >"(@:@F4&: „#n0,>FH&@ – b846 P, FHD"T>46 2:@R4> P"DF\8@p C@Fnp FJBD@H4 :`*,6! =, 2>"`, >" 8@(@ n>*4&n*J":\->@, >" R4p (@:@&4 B@&4>>n &B"FH4 BD@8:\@>4, F:\@24 6 2"(4$,:\ $"("-H\@N F@H,>\ H4FbR :`*,6. 7@<J &4H4F>, FJ&@D46 BD4FJ* nFH@Dnb 2" P, FHD"T>, $@0,&n::b, 2" P,6 8D4&"&46 (DnN FJBD@H4 '":4R4>4, %@-:4>n n M@:<V4>4, >"&nH\ 2 @(:b*J *,D0"&>4N n>H,D,Fn& F"<@p C@Fnp”1
. AD@$:,<" B,D,$J&">>b >" J8D"p>F\84N 2,<:bN $n0,>Pn& A,DT@p F&nH@&@p &n6>4 – *@F4H\ F8:"*>" n $"("H@(D">>", @F8n:\84 *:b 2"$,2B,-R,>>b 04HHj&4N B@HD,$ P4N :`*,6 B,D,*$"R":@Fb >, :4T, BD@&,-*,>>b 8@<B:,8FJ 2"N@*n& B@ >"*">>` 04H:", @*b(J, <,*4R>@p *@B@-<@(4, p0n, B@TJ8J <nFPb D@$@H4 H" >"&R">>b, " 6 >"&nH\ $n:\T, – *JN@&>@p Bn*HD4<84.
Dr hab. LUBOW Z˙WANKO Ŧ Katedra Historii i Kulturologii Charkowskiej Narodowej Akademii Gospodarki Miejskiej, Charków (Ukraina).
1 ). ) @ D @ T , > 8 @, ;@p FB@<4>4 BD@ >,*"&>j <4>J:, (1914–1920 D@84),
="*2&4R"6>@ (@FHD@` B@HD,$@` @F@$:4&@ *:b 2>"R>@p 8n:\8@FHn $n0,>Pn&-8"H@:48n& ((@:@&>4< R4>@< B@:b8n&), b8n B@HD"B4:4 & RJ0, *:b >4N <@&>,, D,:n(n6>,, <,>H":\>, F,D,*@&4V,, $J:@ FBn:8J&">>b 2 *JN@&,>FH&@< 2"Nn*>@(@ @$Db*J. ):b B,D,FnR>@p :`*4>4 B@R"H8J MM FH. *JN@&>46 F&nH B@FH"&"& R,D,2 <@:4H&J, P,D8@&>J &n*BD"&J, Dn2>n @$Db*4, H@<J >"*2&4R"6>@ &"0:4&@, V@$4 &F, P, &,:@Fb Dn*>@` <@&@` &n*B@&n*>@ *@ 2&4R>4N p6 D,:n(n6>4N B@FHJ:"Hn&. ):b D@2B@D@-T,>4N B@ (J$,D>nbN C@Fn6F\8@p n<B,Dnp B@:\F\84N $n0,>Pn& &"0:4&4< $J:@, b8 >"(@:@TJ`H\ FJR"F>n B@:\F\8n nFH@D484, 2$,D,0,>>b &:"F>@p F"<@ n*,>H4Ln8"Pnp. m & P\@<J &"0:4&J D@:\ &n*n(D":@ 8"H@:4P\8, *JN@&,>FH&@ I H@6 0, R"F Pb FL,D" *@B@<@(4 $J:" @*>nj` 2 >"6-F8:"*>nT4N, @F8n:\84 B"FH@D"< *@&@*4:@Fb &HDJR"H4Fb & @F@$4FH, 04HHb $n0,>Pn&2
.
G@<J 2 B@R"H8@< DJNJ $n0,>FH&" & H4:@&n (J$,D>np C@Fn6F\8@p n<B,-Dnp F,D,* n>T4N &4>48"j V, @*>" BD@$:,<>" F4HJ"Pnb – b84< R4>@< J BD"&@F:"&>4N (J$,D>nbN 2"*@&@:\>4H4 *JN@&>n B@HD,$4 $n0,>Pn&-n>@&nDPn&?
An*>bH" J FH"HHn H,<"H48" >"*2&4R"6>@ "8HJ":\>" n >4>n J H@<J F,>Fn, V@ F&nH n >" B@R"H8J HD,H\@(@ H4FbR@:nHHb B@HD,$Jj H@:,D">H->@(@ FH"&:,>>b *@ :`*,6 n>T@p &nD4, *@ *JN@&>4N F&bH4>\, " B@>,-&nDb>>b B@>"* 20-H4 <n:\6@>n& $n0,>Pn& 2"F&n*RJj >,FBD@<@0>nFH\ FJR"F>@p P4&n:n2"Pnp &4DnT4H4 P` (J<">nH"D>J BD@$:,<J B:">,H"D>@-(@ <"FTH"$J.
G"84< R4>@<, <,H@` FH"HHn j FBD@$" &4F&nH:4H4 2"F"*4 *,D0"&>@p B@:nH484 C@Fn6F\8@p n<B,Dnp J P"D4>n 2"*@&@:,>>b D,:n(n6>4N B@HD,$ B@:\F\84N $n0,>Pn&-8"H@:48n&, 2":JR,>>b *@ P\@(@ BD@P,FJ D4<@-8"H@:4P\8@(@ *JN@&,>FH&", b8,, b8 BD48:"*, &48@>J&":@ F&n6 B"FH@-DF\846 @$@&’b2@8 >" H,D4H@Dnp M"D8n&F\8@p (J$,D>np.
C@Fn6F\8" n<B,Dnb &42>":" $n0,>FH&@ b8 <"F@&, b&4V, :4T, 2 :nH" 1915 D., 8@:4, & D,2J:\H"Hn >"FHJBJ >n<,P\84N "D<n6, J H4:@&n (J$,D>np D4>J& B@Hn8 $n0,>Pn&. ?D(">n2"Pnb F@Pn":\>@(@ 2"N4FHJ $n0,>Pn&, &n*B@&n*>@ *@ B@:@0,>\ „1"8@>J BD@ 2"$,2B,R,>>b B@HD,$ $n0,>Pn&” &n* 30 F,DB>b 1915 D., B@8:"*":"Fb >" P,>HD":\>n n <nFP,&n @D(">4 &:"*4, F"<@&Db*J&">>b Dn2>4N Dn&>n&, (D@<"*F\8n FBn:84, $:"(@*n6>n, ,H>nR>n $n0,>,P\8n 8@<nH,H4. 1"8@>@< H,0 B,D,*$"R":@Fb >"*">>b 2M. K o r z e n i o w s k i, M. M ˛a d z i k, D. T a r a s i u k, Tuđaczy los. Uchodz´cy polscy w imperium rosyjskim w latach pierwszej wojny s´wiatowej, Lublin: Wydawnictwo UMCS 2007, s. 172.
B"D"Lnb< H" n>T4< <nFP,&4< P,D8@&>4< (D@<"*"<, " &n*H"8, F&bV,>->@F:J04H,:b< Dn2>4N D,:n(n6>4N @$Db*n&, >,2":,0>@ &n* pN &nD4 H" >"Pn@>":\>@FHn, BD"&" @Bn8J&"H4Fb $n0,>Pb<4.
1"(":\>@n<B,DF\8J B@:nH48J J P"D4>n $n0,>FH&" 2*n6F>`&":" ?F@$-:4&" >"D"*" B@ &:"THJ&">>` $n0,>Pn& (*":n – ?F@$?F@$-:4&" >"D"*"), JH&@D,>" BD4 <n>nFH,DFH&n &>JHDnT>nN FBD"& 10 &,D,F>b 1915 D.3 ?*>nj` 2 5-H4 B@FHn6>4N 8@<nFn6, b8n Pb FHDJ8HJD" <":" BD"&@ JH&@D-`&"H4, FH":" 8@<nFnb B@ 2"*@&@:,>>` *JN@&>4N B@HD,$ $n0,>Pn&4
. oo D@$@HJ @R@:4& !>"H@:n6 7@>n (1844-1927 DD.), &4*"H>46 D@Fn6F\846 `D4FH, (D@<"*F\846 *nbR, R:,> ),D0"&>@p D"*45. ;,H@` pp FH&@D,>>b $J:@ „&n*>@&:,>>b B@DJT,>@p *JT,&>@p Dn&>@&"(4 F,D,* $n0,>Pn&, b8J FH&@D4:4 FJB,D,R:4&n D@2B@Db*0,>>b &n6F\8@&@(@ n P4&n:\>@(@ >"-R":\FH&"… &HD"H" $"H\8"<4 *nH,6 &>"F:n*@8 &"084N J<@& *,2@D(">n-2"Pnp DJNJ >" 2":n2>4R>4N n dDJ>H@&4N *@D@("N, … F8@D$@H4 2" Dn*>4-<4 <nFPbDn*>4-<4, V@ pN 2":4T4:4, >,&42>"R,>nFH\ FH">@&4V" J <"6$J-H>\@<J”6.
A@HDn$>@ 2"2>"R4H4, V@ BD@Hb(@< &F\@(@ R"FJ LJ>8Pn@>J&">>b ?F@$:4&@p >"D"*4 8@<nFnb B@ 2"*@&@:,>>` *JN@&>4N B@HD,$ $n0,>Pn& BD"P`&":" *@F4H\ n>H,>F4&>@, >" 2"Fn*">>bN b8@p D@2(:b*":4Fb, (@-:@&>4< R4>@<, B4H">>b D,:n(n6>@p *@B@<@(4 $n0,>Pb< Dn2>4N 8@>L,-Fn6. Q:,>4 8@<nFnp &42>":4 2" >,@$Nn*>, „D@2(:b*"H4 P, B4H">>b @8D,<@ *:b @Fn$ BD"&@F:"&>@(@ &nD@FB@&n*">>b H" n>@&nD>@(@”7
. 1 B@-R"H8J $n0,>F\8@(@ DJNJ, (@&@D4H4 BD@ 2"*@&@:,>>b D,:n(n6>4N B@HD,$ $n0,>Pn&, 2" &,:484< D"NJ>8@<, >, *@&@*4H\Fb, @F8n:\84 R"FH@ n F&bV,>>@F:J04H,:b >, $J:@ >" <nFPn, V@$4 &n*F:J04H4 F:J0$J B@
39. / & " > 8 @, AD"&@&, D,(J:`&">>b F@Pn":\>@(@ 2"N4FHJ $n0,>Pn& A,DT@p
F&nH@&@p &n6>4 & C@Fn6F\8n6 n<B,Dnp, AD@$:,<4 nFH@Dnp I8D"p>4 MmMŦ A@R"H8J MM FH., &4BJF8 14, 74p&: m>FH4HJH nFH@Dnp I8D"p>4 =!= I8D"p>4 2008, F. 240-241.
4 !. 3 : \ 4 >, ?$ ?F@$@< F@&,V">44 B@ JFHD@6FH&J $,0,>P,& (1915 (. –
L,&D":\ 1917 (.), „AD"&@&,*,>4,” 1991, No5, F. 53. 5 http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki
6 Nˇ . 9 4 N " R @ & ", 7J:\HJD>@-BD@F&nH>4P\8" D@$@H" F,D,* $n0,>Pn&-B@:b8n&
2 O"DFH&" A@:\F\8@(@& D@84 A,DT@p F&nH@&@p &n6>4, !8HJ":\>n BD@$:,<4 &nHR42>b>@p n &F,F&nH>\@p nFH@Dnp, 2$nD>48 >"J8@&4N BD"P\, &4BJF8 10, M"D8n&: M"D8n&F\846 >"Pn@->":\>46 J>n&,DF4H,H n<,>n %. =. 7"D"2n>" 2007, F. 92.
7). O @ & b >, ),bH,:\>@FH\ (@FJ*"DFH&,>>ZN @D(">@& 4 @$V,FH&,>>ZN
@D(">4-2"P46 B@ @8"2">4` B@<@V4 $,0,>P"< & (@*Z A,D&@6 <4D@&@6 &@6>Z. 1914-1917 ((., []:,8HD@>>Z6 D,FJDF], )4F. ... 8">*. 4FH. >"J8: 07.00.02, ;@F8&": C@FF46F8"b (@FJ-*"DFH&,>>"b $4$:4@H,8" 2005, F. 69.
B@<,D:4N, @ND,FH4H4 >@&@>"D@*0,>4N, R4 F&@j` BD@B@&n**` Bn*HD4-<"H4 & D@2B"Rn P4N >,V"F>4N :`*,6. AD@H,, &0, 2(@*@< E&bHn6T46 E4>@*, 2"DJR4&T4F\ Bn*HD4<8@` (@:@&JB@&>@&"0,>4N B@ $n0,>PbN An&>nR>@-1"Nn*>@(@ n An&*,>>@-1"Nn*>@(@ LD@>Hn& &n*B@&n*>@ E. 1J$-R">n>@&" H" ;. IDJF@&" (B@F"*4, 2"H&,D*0,>n C"*@` ;n>nFHDn& C@-Fn6F\8@p n<B,Dnp 244 :4B>b 1915 D. *:b D,(J:`&">>b BD@P,FJ ,&"8J"Pnp $n0,>Pn& H" &4DnT,>>b B@&’b2">4N 2 P4< BD@$:,<)8, 8@<">*J`R4N D@Fn6F\84<4 "D<nb<4, 2@$@&’b2"& F"<, BD"&@F:"&>4N F&bV,>>48n& 2":4T"H4Fb BD4 F&@p6 B"FH&n n &n*BD"&:bH4Fb & ,&"8J"Pn` :4T, 2 >4<49.
I H@6 0, R"F *:b BD"&@F:"&>4N $n0,>Pn&, 2" &,:484< D"NJ>8@<, $J:@ BD@FHnT, 6 >" >@&4N <nFPbN &n*>"6H4 F&bV,>48" *:b &4DnT,>>b F&@p *JN@&>4N B@HD,$, @F8n:\84 F,D,*@&4V,, 8J*4 &@>4 B@HD"B:b:4 $J:@ BD"&@F:"&>4<. #n:\T" F8DJH" & P\@<J F,>Fn &4B":" $n0,>Pb<-8"H@:48"<, b84N n D,BD,2,>HJ&":@ 2*,$n:\T@(@ B@:\F\8, >"F,:,>>b. A@:\F\8n &4(>">Pn, D@2B@D@T,>n B@ >,@2@D4< BD@FH@D"< C@Fn6F\8@p n<B,Dnp, D@2B@Db*0,>>b< &:"FH,6 *@F4H\ R"FH@ $J:4 D@2F,:,>n >" 2>"R>n6 &n**":n &n* <nFH H" <nFH,R@8, *, LJ>8Pn@>J&":4 8@FH\@:4, " H@<J &@>4 6 &HD"H4:4 <@0:4&nFH\ 8@D4FHJ&"H4Fb B@F:J("<4 8F\@>-*2n&10. G@<J $J:@ &"0:4&4< &n*BD"P`&"H4 <,N">n2< @D(">n2"Pnp &n*-Db*0,>\ 8"H@:4P\84N F&bV,>48n& J <nFPb F8JBR,>>b $n0,>Pn&-8"H@-:48n&.
AD@Hb(@< @F,>n 1915 D., H@$H@ & R"F4 ,&"8J"Pnp >"6$n:\T@p 8n:\8@-FHn $n0,>Pn&, 8@<nFnb B@ 2"*@&@:,>>` *JN@&>4N B@HD,$ $n0,>Pn& Bn*(@HJ&":" B,&>n BD@B@24Pnp, B@8:48">n D,(J:`&"H4 >"*">>b *JN@-&>@p *@B@<@(4 8"H@:48"<. 1>"8@&4< J Pn6 FBD"&n FH":@ 2"Fn*">>b. ?F@$:4&@p >"D"*4 26 :4FH@B"*" 1915 D., >" b8@<J n $J:@ D@2(:b>JH@ H" JN&":,>@ >428J B@:@0,>\ V@*@ 2"*@&@:,>>b *JN@&>4N B@HD,$ $n0,>Pn&-8"H@:48n&. G"8, *@Pn:\>nFH\ &n*Db*0,>>b 8"H@:4P\8@(@ *J-N@&,>FH&" <":" &42>"R"H4Fb 8n:\8nFH` $n0,>Pn&-8"H@:48n&, b8n BD@-04&":4 & <,0"N B,&>@p <nFP,&@FHn11. )">" „>@D<"”, &FH">@&:,>" ?F@$:4&@` >"D"*@`, F8:":" 10 H4F., " & @F@$:4&4N &4B"*8"N – 5 H4F.
8 / & " > 8 @, AD"&@&, D,(J:`&">>b F@Pn":\>@(@ 2"N4FHJ $n0,>Pn& A,DT@p
F&nH@&@p &n6>4 & C@Fn6F\8n6 n<B,Dnp, F. 238.
9G"< F"<@, F. 71.
10K o r z e n i o w s k i, M ˛a d z i k, T a r a s i u k, Tuđaczy los. Uchodz´cy polscy w imperium rosyjskim w latach pierwszej wojny s´wiatowej, s. 169-170.
$n0,>Pn& >" @*>@(@ F&bV,>48"12. I <nFPbN 2>"R>@ <,>T@(@ F8JBR,->>b $n0,>Pn& H4<R"F@&@ $J:@ *@2&@:,>@ &n*Db*0,F8JBR,->>b >" >,2>"R>n H,D<n>4 FB,Pn":\>@ &4*n:,>4N D4<@-8"H@:4P\84N F&bV,>>48n&. AD42->"R,>>b 8@:" F&bV,>>48n&, b8n &n*BD"&:b:4Fb J &n*Db*0,>>b, 2*n6F->`&"& ;@(4:n&F\846 "DNnjB4F8@B 2" 2(@*4 ),B"DH"<,>HJ *JN@&>4N FBD"&. AD@ 8@0>@(@ &n*Db*0,>@(@ F&bV,>48" B@&n*@<:b:4 <nFP,&@-<J (J$,D>"H@D", 8J*4 H@6 <"& BD4$JH4. 7"H@:4P\8n F&bV,>484, b84N B@F4:":4 *:b 2"$,2B,R,>>b B@HD,$ $n0,>Pn&, @$4D":4Fb 2" 2&4R"6, n2 F"<4N F&bV,>48n&-$n0,>Pn& H@p 0 >"Pn@>":\>@FHn, 2 b8@p n F8:"*"-:"Fb H" R4 n>T" (DJB" $n0,>Pn&13.
;. A:,&,, H@&"D4T <n>nFHD" &>JHDnT>nN FBD"&, Bn*$4&"`R4 Bn*FJ<-84 D@$@H4 ?F@$:4&@p >"D"*4 26 :4FH@B"*" 1915 D., FN&":4& BD@B@24-Pnp 8@<nFnp V@*@ <@0:4&@FHn B@F4:,>>b *nb:\>@FHn *JN@&>4N @Fn$ Dn2>48 8@>L,Fn6 J FBD"&n >"*">>b $n0,>Pb< D,:n(n6>@-<@D":\>@p *@B@<@(4, &42>"&T4 2" >,@$Nn*>, &4*"H4 F&bV,>48"< @F@$:4&n &4>"-(@D@*4 H" FB,Pn":\>n 8@TH4 >" D@2’p2*414.
AD@H,, J0, >" R"F BD4B4>,>>b DJNJ $n0,>Pn&, H@$H@ >" 24<J 1916 D., BD4 ?F@$:4&n6 >"D"*n $J:@ JH&@D,>@ FB,Pn":\>J 8@<nFn`, <,H@` b8@p FH"& „…B,D,(:b* nF>J`R4N Bn*FH"& V@*@ &n*Db*0,>>b >" <nFPb D@2F,:,>>b $n0,>Pn& *JN@&>4N @Fn$ H" 2"*@&@:,>>b pN B@H-D,$…”15. C,2J:\H"H@< D@$@H4 FH"& &4F>@&@8 V@*@ &42>"R,>>b 8n:\-8@FHn F&bV,>>48n&, b84N >,@$Nn*>@ &n*Db*4H4 J H4:@&n (J$,D>np. %@>" <"j 2":,0"H4 >, :4T, &n* R4F:" $n0,>Pn&-8"H@:48n&, V@ BD@04-&"`H\ J B,&>n6 <nFP,&@FHn, ":, 6 <"j 2nFH"&:bH4Fb 2 n>T4<4 J<@&"<4 <nFP,&@(@ N"D"8H,DJ – D@2<nD D"6@>n&, *, BD@04&"`H\ $n0,>Pn-8"H@-:484, J<@&4 2&´b28J H" FB@:JR,>>b & *">n6 <nFP,&@FHn H" n>.16 )@ H@(@ 0 $J:@ &42>">@ 2" $"0">,, V@$ D@2B@*n: 8F\@>*2n& *:b @$F:J(@-&J&">>b $n0,>Pn& 2*n6F>`&":@Fb ?F@$:4&@` >"D"*@`, b8" H4< F"<4< <":" <@0:4&nFH\ Pn:8@< B:">@<nD>@ 2"*@&@:\>bH4 D,:n(n6>n B@HD,$4 $n0,>Pn&, &n*Db*0"`R4 >" <nFPb F&bV,>>48n&. 7@<nFnb H"8@0 D@2(:b->J:" B4H">>b Ln>">F@&@(@ JHD4<">>b *JN@&,>FH&", V@ pN":@ J &n*-Db*0,>>b. #J:@ &FH">@&:,>@, V@ 8Dn< @F>@&>@p @B:"H4 – 150 8D$.,
12G"< F"<@, "D8. 34.
13O @ & b >, ),bH,:\>@FH\ (@FJ*"DFH&,>>ZN @D(">@& 4 @$V,FH&,>>ZN
@D(">42"-P46 B@ @8"2">4` B@<@V4 $,0,>P"< & (@*Z A,D&@6 <4D@&@6 &@6>Z, F. 72.
14G"< F"<@, F. 74.
15),D0"&>46 "DNn& M"D8n&F\8@p @$:"FHn, L. 18, @B. 21, FBD. 114, "D8. 34. 16G"< F"<@, "D8. 51.
BD42>"R":4Fb *@*"H8@&n, H"8 2&">n, „D@2’p2*>n (D@Tn” &n*B@&n*>@ *@ <nFP,&4N J<@& – D@2<nD4 @$F:J(@&J`R@(@ 8F\@>*2@< D"6@>J, &"DH@FHn BD@p2*J B@ 2":n2>4R>4N H" dDJ>H@&4N *@D@("N H" n>.17
1"(":@<, @8D,F:``R4 8@<B,H,>Pn` 8@<nFnp B@ 2"*@&@:,>>` *JN@&->4N B@HD,$ $n0,>Pn&, F:n* >"(@:@F4H4 >" D@2(:b*n >,` 8@>L,Fn6*JN@&->4N BD@$:,<, H@*n b8 n>Tn *JN@&>n B@HD,$4 – & @F&nHn Dn*>@` <@&@`, 2$,D,0,>>b 8J:\HJD>4N HD"*4Pn6 H" n>. 2"*@&@:\>b:4 ,H>nR>n 8@<nH,-H4. ):b B@:\F\84N $n0,>Pn& H"84<4 FHDJ8HJD"<4 FH":4 O,>HD":\>46 @$4&"H,:\F\846 8@<nH,H (J$,D>n6 7@D@:n&FH&" A@:\F\8@(@ & A,HD@-(D"*n (O?7), A@:\F\846 8@<nH,H & ;@F8&n, A@:\F\846 8@<nH,H F">n-H"D>@p *@B@<@(4, A@:\F\846 9\&n&F\846 8@<nH,H *@B@<@(4, A@:\F\8, H@&"D4FH&@ *@B@<@(4 0,DH&"< &n6>418.
'@:@&>4< 0, D,2J:\H"H@< D@$@H4 8@<nFnp, b8 FH&,D*0J`H\ @8D,<n nFH@D48419
, FH":" D@2D@$8" FH"HHn 29 „7,Dn&>4N B@:@0,>\ B@ &:"THJ-&">>` $n0,>Pn&”, 2"H&,D*0,>4N 2 $,D,2>b 1916 D. <n>nFHD@< &>JHDnT->nN FBD"& !. M&@FH@&4<. O,6 *@8J<,>H FH"& :@(nR>4< BD@*@&0,>>b< 2"8@>@H&@DR4N n>nPn"H4& ;n>nFH,DFH&" &>JHDnT>nN FBD"& – 8@@D*4>"-H@D" $n0,>,P\84N FBD"& >" H,D,>"N C@Fn6F\8@p n<B,Dnp20
. Ob FH"HHb *":" `D4*4R>, @L@D<:,>>b >,@$Nn*>@FHn 2"*@&@:,>>b D,:n(n6>4N B@HD,$ $n0,>Pn& Dn2>4N 8@>L,Fn6. „C,:4(n@2>Zb >J0*Z $Ä0,>P,&X J*@&:,H&@Db`HFb >":4R>Z<4 >" <ÄFHÄ &@*&@D,>nb $Ä0,>P,&X *JN@&->Z<4 :4P"<4, " H"80, BJH,<X 8@<">*4D@&">nb, &X F:JR"Ä >,@$N@*4-<@FH4, &X D"6@>Z &@*&@D,>nb $Ä0,>P,&X BD"&@F:"&>ZNX F&bV,>>4-8@&X, 8F,>*2@&X, B"FH@D@&X 4 *JN@&>ZNX :4PX *DJ(4NX 4FB@&Ä*">n6. C"FN@*Z B@ 8@<">*4D@&">n` JB@<b>JHZNX :4PX @H>@FbHFb >" 8D,*4-HZ, "FF4(>J,<Z, >" >J0*Z $Ä0,>P,&X”21.
1>"R>" 8n:\8nFH\ B@:\F\84N $n0,>Pn& @Fn:" & M"D8@&n H" M"D8n&F\-8n6 (J$,D>np, b8b >" B@R"H@8 &n6>4 @HD4<":" FH"HJF H4:@&@p. )@ F:@&" F8"2"H4, V@ B,DT" >,2>"R>" N&4:b $n0,>Pn&, " H@R>nT,
>n<Pn&-&4F,-17G"< F"<@, "D8. 51.
18/ & " > 8 @, C,P,>2nb >" <@>@(D"Ln`; K o r z e n i o w s k i, M ˛a d z i k, T
a-r a s i u k, Tuđaczy los. Uchodz´cy polscy w imperium rosyjskim w latach pierwszej wojny
s´wiatowej, s. 238; „I8D"p>F\846 nFH@D4R>46 0JD>":” 2008, No3, F. 224.
19O @ & b >, ),bH,:\>@FH\ (@FJ*"DFH&,>>ZN @D(">@& 4 @$V,FH&,>>ZN
@D(">4-2"P46 B@ @8"2">4` B@<@V4 $,0,>P"< & (@*Z A,D&@6 <4D@&@6 &@6>Z, F. 76.
209. / & " > 8 @, )0,D,:@ 2 nFH@Dnp &4&R,>>b BD@$:,<4 $n0,>FH&" A,DT@p
F&nH@&@p &n6>4 & C@Fn6F\8n6 n<B,Dnp („7,Dn&>n B@:@0,>>b B@ &:"THJ&">>` $n0,>Pn&”), „74p&F\8" FH"D@&4>"” 2006, No6, F. 114.
:,>Pn&, BD4$J:" & <,0n (J$,D>np V, 24<@` 1915 D. 6 @HD4<":" BD4HJ-:@8 J $:"(@*n6>4N JFH">@&"N M"D8@&"22. ?*>"8, „F4HJ"Pnb 8DJH@ 2<n->4:"Fb BnF:b BD@D4&J >n<Pb<4 :n>np LD@>HJ <n0 '@D:4P,` n G"D>"-&@< J HD"&>n 1915 D. H" &n*FHJBJ D@Fn6F\84N "D<n6. A@R":@Fb <"F@&, &4F,:,>>b :`*,6, J B,DTJ R,D(J R@:@&n8n& &n* 17-45 D@8n&”23. %>"F:n*@8 P\@(@, M"D8n&F\8" (J$,D>nb, FH":" HD">24H>@` H,D4H@-Dnj`, b8@` 2>"R>n B"DHnp $n0,>Pn& HD">FB@DHJ&":4Fb J(:4$ C@Fn6F\8@p n<B,Dnp.
A@:\F\8, >"F,:,>>b @LnPn6>@` n<B,DF\8@` &:"*@` D@2(:b*":@Fb b8 „*@$D@&n:\>n $n0,>Pn-F:@&'b>4, b84< ("D">HJ&"&Fb $,28@TH@&>46 BD@p2* B@ 2":n2>4PbN, N"DRJ&">>b >" T:bN"N DJNJ & H4:@&n (J$,D>np, *, &@>4 <@(:4 @HD4<"H4 „@Bn8J H" 2"D@$nH@8”. AD@H,, R"FH4>" B@:b-8n& H,0 B@HD"B4:" Bn* >"F4:\>4P\8, &4F,:,>>b. ="BD48:"*, >" 8n->,P\ R,D&>b 1915 D. >"H@&B $n0,>Pn& n2 Fn:\F\8@(@ >"F,:,>>b 9`$:n>-F\8@p (J$,D>np DJN"&Fb Pn:4<4 B@&nH"<4, &>"F:n*@8 $"0">>b &@j>>@(@ >"R":\FH&" >"*"H4 &@D@(J 2"<nFH\ 8&nHJR@(@ 8D"` BJFH,:`24.
M"D8n&, b8 P,>HD (J$,D>np, 2" F&@p<4 (,@(D"LnR>4< H" BD@<4F:@-&4< B@H,>Pn":@< & J<@&"N &n6>4 <"& @F@$:4&, FHD"H,(nR>, 2>"R,->>b25. A@HJ0>46 2":n2>4R>46 &J2@: H" B,D,*@&" >" H@6 R"F n>LD"-FHDJ8HJD" *@2&@:4:4 6@<J FH"H4 @*>4< n2 54-N D,jFHD"Pn6>4N BJ>8-Hn&, >" b84N BD@&@*4&Fb „…V@*,>>46 B,D,B4F [HD">24H>4N – "&H.] $n0,>Pn& J <,0"N i&D@B,6F\8@p C@Fnp”.
="Pn@>":\>46 F8:"* $n0,>Pn&, V@ BD4$J:4 J M"D8n&F\8J (J$,D>n` n:`FHDJ`H\ <"H,Dn":4 H"$:4Pn 1. =" 0":\, R"FH4>" 2,<F\84N *nbRn& B@*":4 J F&@pN 2&nH"N *@ M"D8n&F\8@p (J$,D>F\8@p 2,<F\8@p JBD"&4 :4T, 2"(":\>n *">n BD@ $n0,>Pn&, D@2F,:,>4N J pN>nN B@&nH"N.
22!. 7 J D P , &, #,0,>PZ A,D&@6 <4D@&@6 &@6>Z & C@FF44 (1914-1917 ((.),
„%@BD@FZ 4FH@D44”, 1999, No8, F. 59.
23)!M?, L. 40, @B. 100, FBD. 1193, "D8. 27.
247 J D P , &, #,0,>PZ A,D&@6 <4D@&@6 &@6>Z & C@FF44, F. 60.
25 ?. C , j > H, ?. E , D * ` 8, 1"(@FHD,>>b FJB,D,R>@FH,6 & n<B,DF\8@<J
FJFBn:\FH&n J D@84 A,DT@p F&nH@&@p &n6>4 (:4B,>\ 1914 – :`H46 1917 DD.), AD@$:,<4 nFH@Dnp I8D"p>4 MmM – B@R"H8J MM FH., %4B. 7, 74p& 2004, F. 123.
G"$:4Pb 1. ="Pn@>":\>46 F8:"* $n0,>Pn& J B@&nH"N M"D8n&F\8@p (J$,D>np (>" 1 :4B>b 1916 D.) ="2&4 B@&nHn& H" <nFH C @ Fn b > 4 A @ : b 8 4 ' ": 4 R "> 4 9 4 H@ &P n 9 "H 4 T n = n< P n i &D ,p Q ,N 4 N 4 m> T n 1 #@(@*JNn&F\846 3094 2 %":8n&F\846 1994 44 288 17 25 214 4 4 164 3 %@&R">F\846 11377 925 340 61 37 Ŧ 237 Ŧ 164 4 1<np&F\846 4248 5 ;nFH@ QJ(Jp& 721 500 Ŧ Ŧ Ŧ Ŧ 308 Ŧ Ŧ 6 m2`<F\846 7207 7 ;nFH@ E:@&’b>F\8 1500 800 Ŧ Ŧ 90 140 752 Ŧ Ŧ 8 7JB'b>F\846 3655 686 34 159 33 Ŧ 275 Ŧ 185 9 9,$,*4>F\846 393 199 Ŧ 12 Ŧ Ŧ 66 Ŧ 228 10 ?NH4DF\846 3673 11 ;nFH@ ?NH4D8" 942 107 Ŧ Ŧ Ŧ Ŧ 479 Ŧ Ŧ 12 EH"D@$n:\F\846 2998 84 16 40 2 22 Ŧ Ŧ Ŧ 13 EJ<F\846 2488 1056 Ŧ 40 48 Ŧ 94 Ŧ 87 14 ;nFH@ EJ<4 3075 15 M"D8n&F\846 16156 2934 Ŧ 334 558 2907 Ŧ 6 8 IF\@(@ 42224 7732 678 663 823 3283 2215 10 672
1D@2J<n:@, V@ *:b 2"*@&@:,>>b *JN@&>4N B@HD,$ $n0,>Pn&-8"H@:48n&, B@HDn$>n $J:4 *@*"H8@&, R4F:@ F&bV,>48n&, @F8n:\84 <nFP,&n 8F\@->*24 >, <@(:4 2"*@&@:\>4H4 @FH">>nN. G@<J N"D8n&F\846 (J$,D>"H@D ;48@:" AD@H"F\j&, &48@>J`R4 DnT,>>b ?F@$:4&@p >"D"*4 B@ &:"T-HJ&">>` $n0,>Pn&, D@2nF:"& FB,Pn":\>46 2"B4H *@ &FnN $n0,>,P\84N FHDJ8HJD (J$,D>np. !*D,F"H"< >":,0":@ >"BD"&4H4 & (J$,D>F\8, BD"&-:n>>b H"8n *">n:
1. A@n<,>>46 FB4F@8 B@FHn6>@(@ D4<@-8"H@:4P\8@(@ *JN@&,>FH&" n2 &8"2n&8@` pN <nFPb B,D,$J&">>b H" &n*<nH8@` V@*@ @$F:J(@&J&">->b 8Dn< <nFP,&@(@ >"F,:,>@$F:J(@&J&">->b V, 6 $n0,>Pn&.
2. A@n<,>>46 FB4F@8 8F\@>*2n& *:b @$F:J(@&J&">>b $n0,>Pn&-8"H@-:48n& & (J$,D>np n2 &8"2n&8@` pN <nFPb B,D,$J&">>b H" D"6@> pN H4<R-"F@&@(@ &n*Db*0,>>b 2 JD"NJ&">>b< D@2F,:,>>b $n0,>Pn&, *nb:\>@F-Hn, &n*FH">n H" 2DJR>@FHn B,D,<nV,>>b <n0 >"F,:,>4<4 BJ>8H"<4.
3. %4F>@&@8 BD@ H,, >"F8n:\84 <nFP,&46 F8:"* D4<@-8"H@:4P\8@(@ *JN@&,>FH&" <"j 2<@(J 2"*@&@:\>4H4 B@HD,$4 $n0,>Pn&-8"H@:48n&.
4. A@ <@0:4&@FHn dDJ>H@&>46 V@<nFbR>46 @$D"NJ>@8 &4HD"H >" D@2’p2*4 *JN@&,>FH&", >"*">n 8D,*4H4, b8V@ Pn &4HD"H4 >, <@0JH\ $JH4 B@8D4Hn 2" D"NJ>@8 <nFP,&4N 8@THn&26.
I D,2J:\H"Hn $J:@ &FH">@&:,>@, V@ & M"D8n&F\8J (J$,D>n` n2 1 F,DB>b 1915 D. $J:4 H4<R"F@&@ >"BD"&:,>n 8F\@>*2 KD">P4F8 #@$>nF n2 %n:,>F\8@p D4<@-8"H@:4P\8@p jB"DNnp, K:@Dn"> '":"$JD*" n2 E4H->,>F\8@p D4<@-8"H@:4P\8@p jB"DNnp EJ&":F\8@p (J$,D>np. I 7JB’b>F\8J n2 7 FnR>b 1916 D. *JN@&>n &n*BD"&4 BD@&"*4& 8F\@>*2 n2 ;@(4:n&F\8@p D4<@-8"H@:4P\8@p jB"DNnp K:@Dn"> /4:4>F\84627.
):b B@Dn&>b>>b 2"2>"R4<@, *:b 2"*@&@:,>>b *JN@&>4N B@HD,$ $n0,>Pn&-:"H4Tn& *@ M"D8@&" $J& >"BD"&:,>46 B"FH@D %,>*,>F\8@(@ B@&nHJ 7"D: mD$,. On8"&@ 2"J&"04H4, V@ (,@(D"Ln` 6@(@ *nb:\>@FHn F8:":4 7"H,D4>@F:"&F\8", 7JDF\8" H" M"D8n&F\8" (J$,D>np28. I F&@` R,D(J P, B,D,*$"R":@ 2>"R>n Ln>">F@&n &4HD"H4 >" D@2’p2*4 F&bV,>4-8", b846 D@2B@R"& F&@` D@$@HJ n2 17 FnR>b 1916 D.
%"DH@ 2"2>"R4H4, V@ J M"D8n&F\8@<J <nF\8@<J 8@<nH,Hn *@B@<@(4 $n0,>Pb< :`H,D">F\8@p P,D8&4 F&bH@(@ &@2>,Fn>>b $J:@ 2"D,jFHD@&"->@ 6,5 H4F. $n0,>Pn& >n<Pn&, B@:b8n& H" :4H@&Pn&. ?8D,<@ $J:@ 2"B4-F">@ 9,5 H4F. >n<Pn&-8@:@>nFHn&, 2 b84N 1 H4F. $J:@ >"BD"&:,>@ >" B@F,:,>>b & >n<,P\8J 8@:@>n` @*>@(@ n2 B@&nHn& M"D8n&F\8@p (J$,D>np. E8:"*>@` $J:" F4HJ"Pnb n & B@&nH"N (J$,D>np. G"8, BD,*FH"&>484 M"D8n&F\8@(@ 8JD"HJ 8F\@>*2 m. E,8:`P\846 J :4FHn *@ M"D8n&F\8@(@ (J$,D>F\8@(@ BD"&:n>>b &n* 14 $,D,2>b 1916 D. B@&n*@<:b&: „#,DJR4 *@ J&"(4, V@ & M"D8n&F\8n6 (J$,D>np 2 @F,>n 1915 D. @Fn:@ $n:\T, 30 H4F. 8"H@:48n&, >, $,DJR4 *@ J&"(4 10 H4F. B@:@>,>4N-"&FHDnb8n&, 2&"0"`R4 >" H,, V@ F,D,* $n0,>Pn&, D@2<nV,>4N B@ F,:"N, FB@FH,Dn-("`H\Fb R4F,:\>n F<,DH>n &4B"*84, >,@$Nn*>@ BD@*@&04H4 P4N [&4-V,2("*">4N – 9. /.] F&bV,>>48n&”29. 1D@2J<n:@, V@ H@(@R"F>n FH"-H4FH4R>n *">n V@*@ 8n:\8@FHn $n0,>Pn& *@F4H\ J<@&>n H" & $J*\-b8@<J &4B"*8J &@>4 *"`H\ 2D@2J<nH4, V@ D@$@H4 J &n*Db*0,>@(@ >" M"D8n-&V4>J *JN@&,>FH&" >, $D"8J&":@. m HJH &4>48"j :@(nR>, 2"B4H">>b
26),D0"&>46 "DNn& M"D8n&F\8@p @$:"FHn, L. 18, @B. 21, FBD. 114, "D8. 51. 27G"< F"<@, "D8. 14.
28G"< F"<@, "D8. 1. 29G"< F"<@, "D8. 14.
– >" b8n 8@TH4 <":4 04H4 Pn F&bV,>484, 2*n6F>`&"H4 D@2’p2*4 *@ <nFP\ &48@>">>b F&@pN @$@&’b28n&?
):b *JN@&,>FH&" B@FH":" BD@$:,<" & @HD4<">>n 150 8D$. b8 <nFbR->@p @B:"H4 pN D@$@H4. G"8, 3 $,D,2>b 1916 D. *@ M"D8n&F\8@(@ (J$,D->"H@D" 8>b2b ?$@:,>F\8@(@ >"*n6T:" H,:,(D"<" 2"FHJB>48" <n>nFHD" &>JHDnT>nN FBD"& %@:8@>F\8@(@ V@*@ >,@$Nn*>@FHn H,D<n>@&@ B@*"H4 &n*@<@FHn BD@ 8n:\8nFH\ &n*Db*0,>4N D4<@-8"H@:4P\84N F&bV,>>48n& H" j&">(,:nFH8@-:`H,D">F\84N B"FH@Dn& n2 2"2>"R,>>b< BDn2&4V H" @HD4<">4N n2 $n0,>,P\84N 8D,*4Hn& 8@THn& H" FJ<4 >,&4*">@p p< @B:"H430.
16 $,D,2>b 1916 D. BD,*FH"&>48 (J$,D>F\8@(@ BD"&:n>>b 9. ;. GJD-R">4>@& B@&n*@<4& BD@ P,6 2"B4H N"D8n&F\8@(@ (J$,D>F\8@(@ BD@B@-&n*>48" j&">(,:nFH8@-:`H,D">F\8@p F&bH@(@ &@2>,Fn>>b P,D8&4 @$,D-B"FH@D" ;. SH,>*,D" H" 8JD"H@D" D4<@-8"H@:4P\8@p P,D8&4 M"D8@&" 8F\@>*2" m. E,8:`P\8@(@31.
G@(@ 0 *>b ;. SH,>*,D >"BD"&4& &n*B@&n*\, J b8n6 2"2>"R":@Fb, V@ B"FH@D 7. mD$,, D@2B@R"&T4 D@$@HJ & FnR>n 1916 D., V, >, @HD4-<"& (D@T,6. AD4 P\@<J &4F:@&:`&":@Fb BD@N">>b &4*n:4H4 @2>"R,>n 8@TH4 n2 „8D,*4Hn& *:b $n0,>Pn&”, V@ &4*n:b:4Fb 2 *,D0"&>@p F8"D-$>4Pn, B@2"b8 P,6 F&bV,>>48, L"8H4R>@, JHD4<J&"&Fb ;. SH,>*,-D@<. % ">":@(nR>n6 F4HJ"Pnp B,D,$J&":4 n 8"H@:4P\8n F&bV,>484 K. #@$>nF, K. '":"$JD*" H" K. /4:4>F\846. 7@TH4 >" pN BD@04&">>b J FJ<n 1,8 H4F. 8D$. $J:4 B,D,&,*,>n 2,<F\84< &n**n:@< B@ &:"THJ-&">>` $n0,>Pn& ;%E J D@2B@Db*0,>>b M"D8n&F\8@(@ (J$,D>"H@D" :4T, 31 HD"&>b 1916 D.32 ?HD4<":4 F&@p 8@TH4 Pn F&bV,>484 J0, & *DJ(n6 B@:@&4>n :4B>b 1916 D.33 [1,], H@$H@ <"60, B@:@&4>" D@8J *JN@&,>FH&@ 2":4T":@Fb $,2 2"F@$n& *@ nF>J&">>b. U@>"6<,>T, *4&->@` J Pn6 F4HJ"Pnp &4*"jH\Fb n B@24Pnb ;%E H" ?F@$:4&@p >"D"*4 B@ &:"THJ&">>` $n0,>Pn&, b8n @LnPn6>@ &2b:4 >" F,$, &n*B@&n*":\>nFH\ 2" B,D,$J&">>b P4N F&bV,>>48n& J &n*Db*0,>>bN, >, D,"(J`R4 >" >428J H,:,(D"< <nFP,&4N BD,*FH"&>4PH& V@*@ BD@*@&0,>>b H,D<n>J &n*Db*0,>\ H" 2"$,2B,R,>>b 04HHj&4N B@HD,$ F"<4N F&bV,>>48n&.
30G"< F"<@, "D8. 9. 31G"< F"<@.
32G"< F"<@, "D8. 34. 33G"< F"<@, "D8. 55, 56.
=, FH@b:4 @FH@D@>\ *@B@<@(4 $n0,>Pb< n F&bV,>>@F:J04H,:n D4<@-8"H@:4P\8@p P,D8&4 M"D8@&". O4< :`*b<, &4D&">4< n2 2&4R>4N J<@& 04HHb, R"FH@ $,2 2>">>b <@&4, & RJ0@<J D,:n(n6>@<J @H@R,>>n, $J:@ *J0, &"08@ B,D,>@F4H4 $n0,>FH&@. %@>@ FH":@ >, :4T, <"H,-Dn":\>4< &4BD@$J&">>b<, " 6, &:"F>,, >"&nH\ $n:\T >,FH,DB>4< J <@-D":\>@<J B:">n. =,&42>"R,>nFH\ J 2"&HD"T>\@<J *>n, &HD"R,>" D@$@-H", FH"H84, 2"(J$:,>n R:,>4 D@*4>4 BD4&@*4:4 J &n*R"6 $n0,>Pn&. G@<J $"("H@ @2>"R":" *:b >4N Bn*HD4<8" *JN@&,>FH&" @*>njp &nD4.
G"8, J 0@&H>n 1914 D. & M"D8@&n $J:" JH&@D,>" „7@<nFnb B@ >"-*">>` *@B@<@(4 B@FHD"0*":4< &n* &n6>4 BD4 B@B,R4H,:\FH&n BD@ $n*>4N D4<@-8"H@:4P\8@(@ &nDJ&">>b”. pp (@:@&" EH">nF:"& %4DT4::@ FBn:\>@ n2 >"FH@bH,:,< M"D8n&F\8@p D4<@-8"H@:4P\8@p P,D8&4 8F\@>-*2,< E,8:`P\84< @D(">n2J&":4 F,D,* BD4N@0"> 2$nD 8@THn&. 498 8D$. 91 8@B. $J:4 >"BD"&:,>n >" &:"THJ&">>b HD\@N BD4HJ:8n& *:b $n0,>Pn&. 7Dn< H@(@, 45 $n0,>Pn& 2 '":4R4>4 @HD4<":4 2n$D">n F,D,* >"F,:,>>b @*b( H" $n:42>J34.
1 <,H@` 2"$,2B,R,>>b *JN@&>4N B@HD,$ $n0,>Pn&-8"H@:48n&, JBD"&-:b`R46 ;@(4:,&F\8@` C4<@-7"H@:4P\8@` !DNnjB"DNnj` jB4F8@B m. O,B:b8 17 (DJ*>b 1915 D. >"BD"&4& J &n*Db*0,>>b *@ <nFP\ >"6$n-:\T@(@ F8JBR,>>b $n0,>Pn&-8"H@:48n& F&bV,>48n& *:b 2"*@&@:,>>b *JN@&>4N B@HD,$ ,&"8J6@&">4N. 8 (DJ*>b H@(@ 0 D@8J <n>nFHD &>JH-DnT>nN FBD"& C@Fn6F\8@p n<B,Dnp *@2&@:4& >"R":\>48"< (J$,D>n6 &4*"-&"H4 *@2&@:4 >" &:"THJ&">>b H4<R"F@&4N BD4<nV,>\ *:b (D@<"*F\-84N $@(@F:J0n>\. I M"D8@&n >" Pn B@HD,$4 $J:4 &48@D4FH">n $"D"84 & D"6@>n #":"T@&F\8@(@ &@82":J. )@ H@(@ 0, "*<n>nFHD"Pnp ;48@:"p&-F\8@p H" ?:,8F">*Dn&;48@:"p&-F\8@p :n8"D,>\ M"D8@&" 2"BD@TJ&":4 >"FH@bH,:b <nFP,&@p D4<@-8"H@:4P\8@p P,D8&4 *:b BD@&,*,>>b $@(@F:J0n>\ H" >,@$Nn*>4N @$Db*n& BnF:b F<,DHn B"Pnj>Hn&-8"H@:48n&35
.
G"84< R4>@<, BD@$:,<" 2"*@&@:,>>b *JN@&>4N B@HD,$ $n0,>Pn& 8"H@:48n& j *@F4H\ $"("H@(D">>@` H" F8:"*>@`, BD@ V@ F&n*R4H\ pp D@2(:b* >" *,D0"&>@<J Dn&>n &:"*>4N FHDJ8HJD C@Fn6F\8@p n<B,Dnp. =,&,:4846 pp "FB,8H B@*">@ >" BD48:"*n *nb:\>@FHn 8"H@:4P\84N F&bV,>48n&, b8n BD4$J:4 J &n*Db*0,>>n >" H,D4H@Dnp M"D8n&F\8@p
34G"< F"<@, L. 965, @B. 1, FBD. 25, "D8. 251-252 2&.
359. / & " > 8 @, A@:\F\8n $n0,>Pn A,DT@p F&nH@&@p &n6>4 & M"D8@&n,
(J$,D>np 2 <,H@` BD@&,*,>>b D,:n(n6>4N &n*BD"& F,D,* $n0,>Pn&, " H"8@0 *@B@<@(" $n0,>Pb< <nFP,&4<4 8F\@>*2"<4.
)?7I;+=G336
)@8J<,>H No 1
%4Hb( 2n 2&nHJ 8@<nFnp B@ >"*">>` *@B@<@(4 B@FHD"0*":4< &n* &n6>4 BD4 A@B,R4H,:\FH&n BD@ $n*>4N C4<@-7"H@:4P\8@(@ FB@&n*">>b & M"D8@&n 1 0@&H>b 1914 D. A?EGIA39? ,*4>@&D,<,>>ZN &2>@F@& @H '(.: CI#. 7. CI#. 7. #"DV,&F8&@(@ 5 Ŧ =@&"8" Ŧ 50 %4:\(", %.3. 3 Ŧ ?:,D4>F8@(@ 5 Ŧ %4:\(", 3. 4 ;. 100 Ŧ ?FH"T,&F8@(@ 10 Ŧ %4:\(", a.3 5 Ŧ A,HD@&" Ŧ 50 %4DT4::@, E. Ŧ 15 A@:`HZ 5 Ŧ %:@V"8,&4R" 3 Ŧ C,R4>F8@(@ 3 Ŧ '",&F8@6, _.9. 5 Ŧ C4>8,&4R" 2 Ŧ 'D,L>,D" 1 Ŧ CJ$4>TH,6>" 1 Ŧ 'JH8@&" Ŧ 20 CJ<<,:b 1 Ŧ )&@D0">R48", 3. 25 Ŧ EH,P,>8@ Ŧ 50 ),<,>H\,&" Ŧ 50 EH,P8,&4R", 7.3. 2 Ŧ )@$D@>@84 5 Ŧ G"6:@D", ]. 10 Ŧ )\bR,>8@ Ŧ 50 G"6:@D", ] 25 Ŧ 1"8D0,&F8@(@, E. 3 Ŧ G,B:4P", ;. 25 Ŧ 7"DF>4P8@(@, 3. Ŧ 50 G,B:4P", E. 25 Ŧ ;":bF" 5 Ŧ ;"D8@&" Q,D>ZN" 1 Ŧ ;JD"&\,&" Ŧ 50 Q,N@>"*F8@(@ 1 Ŧ N.N. 5 Ŧ a8@$F" 5 Ŧ 3H@(@. 300.85 36)@8J<,>H4 B@*">n <@&@` @D4(n>":J 2n 2$,D,0,>>b< H@(@R"F>4N FH4:nFH4R>4N @F@$:4&@FH,6.
;,FbR>ZN &2>@F@& @H '(.: CI#. 7. !DP4T,&F8@(@ 1 -#"DH,:b 2 -#D0@FH@&4R" 3 -#D4::4">*H", E. 1 -%,6(">*" 4 9bN@&4R" 1 -%,D"8F@ 3 -%,D(,:,&" - 50 %,D0N:,6F8@(@ 1 50 %4:\(", 3.3. 5 -%4:\(", ;. 3. 5 -%4DT4::@, 9.! 1 -%4DT4::@, E. 5 -)&@D0">R48, 3. 4 +. 10 -7D"F>4P84N, 3. 4 ;. 5 -[...] 134 25 ?HR4F:,>4, @H &Z4(DZT" & 8"DHZ 10 81 3H@(@ 198.06 %F,(@ >" BD4N@*. CJ$. 498.91
A@FHJB4:@ B@0,DH&@&">4, &,V"<4 @H '(.:
%4:\(", ;.3. 7"DF>4P8@6, ;. U"&4>F8@6, a.
#,:,P8@6 9"$J>F8@6 a$:@>F8@6
)J8,:\F8@6 A"*,D,&F8@6 E@8@:@&", 9.A. /,$D@&F8@6 K,DH>,D
?$@DJ*@&">Z: FD,*FH&"<4 R:,>@& 7@<4FF44 – BD4`H 4<,>4 (. ;",&F8@6 >" 8 R,:@&,8, BD4`H 4<,>4 (. ?HH@&4R" >" 8 R,:@&,8 4 FD,*FH&"<4 4>0. )&@D-0">R48" BD4`H 4<,>4 (. U"&4>F8@(@ >" 12 R,:@&,8.
31C!EM?)?%!=?:
=" JFHD@6FH&@ >@R:,0>@(@ BD4`H"...CJ$. 15.-=" BD@,2* >" D"$@HZ 4 >" D@*4>J:
CI#. 7. CI#. 7.
#@(JP8@<J 9,@>J 5 Ŧ EH">8,&4RJ Q,F:"&J 2 Ŧ U,B">48J EH,L">J 3 Ŧ C"*&4>J EH,L">J 3 Ŧ
;4N":,&F8@<J EH,L">J 4 A,FHD04>F8@<J 3 Ŧ #4F:4FJ EH">4F:"&J 1 50 ;4P8,&4RJ 7 50 IB:@R,>@ 2" 8&"DH4DJ 3@*8@&F8@6 5 Ŧ 3H@(@ 45-=" ,*4>@&D,<,>>Z, B@F@$4b: CI#. 7. A"NJ:\F8@<J %:"*4F:"&J 1 Ŧ EHDZ,8J !>H@>J 4 75 A:b>8, '42,:` 2 Ŧ ;@V,>F8@6 +:,>, 3 Ŧ %F,(@ 42D"FN@*@&">@ CJ$. 100.40 ?FH"H@8 CJ$. 388.51 %Z*">@ $,:\, 4 B:"H\, 45 :4P"<. AD,*F,*"H,:\ E. %4DT4::@. 7"2>"R,6 %.E,D0BJH@&F846. A,R"H>@, 7F,>*2J ="FH@bH,:` C.[4<@] 7.["H@:4R,F8@(@] 7@FH,:" '>J E,8:`P8@<J )!M?, L. 965, @B. 1, FBD. 25, "D8. 251-252 2&. )@8J<,>H No 2
94FH (@:@&4 M"D8n&F\8@(@ (J$,D>F\8@(@ &n**n:,>>b G,Hb>4>F\8@(@ 8@<nH,HJ %.!84T,&" *@ >"FH@bH,:b M"D8n&F\8@p D4<@-8"H@:4P\8@p P,D8&4 8F\@>*2" E,8:`P\8@(@ BD@ 2$nD B@0,DH&J&">\ >" 8@D4FH\ >"F,:,>>b AD4&nF:b>F\8@-(@ 8D"`.
AD"&:,>4, M"D\8@&F8@(@ @H*,:,>4b G"H\b>4>F8@(@ 8@<4H,H" 15 >@b$Db 1914 (. ="FH@bH,:` M"D\8@&F8@6 C4<@-8"H@:4R,F8@6 P,D8&4 7F,>*2J E,8:`P8@<J % (@D@*, @H8DZH@ @H*,:,>4, G"H\b>4>F8@(@ 8@<4H,H". #,0,>P,& BD4$Z-&",H & M"D\8@& 4 (J$,D>4` <>@(@, B@^H@<J J*@&:,H&@D4H\ 4N >"*@$>@FH4 F B@0,DH&@&">46 8@<4H,HJ >,H &@2<@0>@FH4. A@^H@<J 7@<4H,H 4 ,(@ @H*,-:,>4, *:b J*@&:,H&@D,>4b @FHDZN >"*@$>@FH,6 $,0,>P,& 4 04H,:,6 (J-$,D>44. AD4&4F:b>F8"(@ 8D"b F D"2D,T,>4b &:"FH,6 23 >@b$Db 1914 (. JFHD"4&",H 8DJ0,R>Z6 F$@D «M"D\8@&-A@:\T"».
3<,,< >"*,0*J, RH@ F &"T,6 FH@D@>Z AD"&:,>4, 7@<4H,H" &FHD,H4H F@RJ&FH&4, 8 F$@DJ B@0,DH&@&">46 *:b J*@&:,H&@D,>4b >"*@$>@FH,6 <,-FH>@FH,6, B@FHD"*"&T4N @H &@6>Z 4 BD@F4H %"F %"T, %ZF@8@BD,B@*@$4, >, @H8"2"H\ 23 >@b$Db BD,*:@04H\ BD4N@0">"< F*,:"H\ B@0,DH&@&">4,. AD,*F,*"H,:\ 8@<4H,H" %. !84T,& )!M? L. 965, @B. 1 FBD. 25, "D8. 286. )@8J<,>H No 3
1&,D>,>>b JBD"&:b`R@(@ ;@(4:,&F\8@` C4<@-7"H@:4P\8@p "DNnjB"DNnp jB4F8@B" m.O,B:b8" *@ *JN@&,>FH&" BD@ >,@$Nn*>nFH\ *@B@<@(4 B@FHD"0*-":4< &n* &n6>4.
15 :4FH@B"*" 1914 D.
% F&b24 F >"FH@bV,6 &@6>@6 FH":4 2" B@F:,*>,, &D,<b JRD,0*"H\Fb & D"2>ZN <,FH>@FHbN "DN4,B"DN44, F >"*:,0"V,(@ JH&,D0*,>4b &:"FH,6, @$V,FH&" *:b >,F,>4b B@<@V4 >"F,:,>4`, B@FHD"*"&T,<J @H &@6>Z. G"8 & A,HD@(D"*, @$D"2@&"> 7@<4H,H B@ F$@DJ B@0,DH&@&">46 & B@:\2J >"F,:,->4b, B@FHD"*"&T,(@ @H &@6>Z, B@* B@8D@&4H,:\FH&@< +b 3<B,D"H@DF8@(@ %ZF@R,FH&" %,:48@6 7>b0>Z G"H\b>Z =48@:",&>Z. G"< 0, JRD,0*,>@ @$V,FH&@ &FB@<@V,FH&@&">4b $,*>Z< F,<,6FH&"< B@:b8@&, JR"FH&J`V4N & &@6>, 4 $,*FH&J`V,<J B@:\F8@<J >"F,:,>4`, B@FHD"*"&T,<J @H &@,>>ZN *,6FH&46, F BD"&@< @H8DZ&"H\ B@&F,<,FH>@ @H*,:Z @$V,FH&". E B@*@$>@` 0, P,:\` JRD,0*,>@ & (J$. (@D. ;@(4:,&, @$V,FH&@ B@B,R,>4b @ :4P"N, &D,<,>>@ B@FHD"*"&T4N @H &@6>Z 4 >, 4<,`V4N J$,04V" >" H,DD4H@D44, F@BD48"F"`V,6Fb F >,BD4bH,:,<.
G"8@, 0, @$V,FH&@, F P,:\` >,F,>4b B@<@V4 >"F,:,>4`, B@FHD"*"&T,-<J @H &@6>Z, @F>@&">@ & (@D. ;4>F8, 4 & *DJ(4N <,FH>@FHbN "DN4,B"DN44. 'D@<"*>@FH\ $,*FH&4b, B@FH4(T,(@ <,FH>@FH4, B@*&,D(T4bFb &D"0,F8@-<J >"T,FH&4` >, B@**",HFb B@8" JR,HJ. =,@$N@*4<" F8@D"b B@<@V\, &F"-<ZN T4D@84N <,D"N, D"2@D,>>@<J >"F,:,>4` :4T4&T,<JFb 8D@&" 4
FD,*-FH& 8 042>4. % &4*J F,(@ b (@DbR@ BD42Z&"` B@*&,*@<FD,*-FH&,>>@, <>, *JN@-&,>FH&@, &@ 4<b BD@B@&,*J,<@6 >"<4 :`$&4 8 $:40>,<J, BD4F@,*4>4H\Fb 8 @$V,<J *,:J >,F,>4b B@<@V4 FHD"0*JV4<.):b ^H@6 P,:4 b D,8@<,>*J` '.(. ="FH@bH,:b< 4 BD@R4< F&bV,>>48"< &FHJB"H\ :4R>@ & R:,>Z F8"2">->ZN @$V,FH&, " " D"&>@, @2>"8@<4& F&@4N BD4N@0"> F "<&@>" F 2"*"R"<4 F4b @$V,FH&, BD4(:"T"H\ 4 4N &FHJB"H\ & R:,>Z H"8@&ZN. 7 F,<J BD4F@&@-8JB:`, RH@ B@<@V\ B@H,Db&T4< <@0,H $ZH\ @8"2Z&",<", B@<4<@ R:,>F-84N &2>@F@&, 4 B@0,DH&@&">4b<4 & >"HJD, " H"80, BD,*@FH"&:,>4,< B@FHD"-*"&T4< 8D@&" 4 BD@B4H">4b. a J&,D,>, RH@ <@6 BD42Z& >"6*,H F@RJ&FH&,>->Z6 @H8:48 & F,D*P"N %"T4N 4 %"T4N B"F@<ZN 4 RH@ &, B@ <,D, &@2<@0->@FH4, B@FB,T"H\ BD4>,FH4 F&@` :,BHJ *:b @$:,R,>4b JR"FH4 B@FHD"*"&-T4N $D"H\,& >"B@FHD"*"&-T4N. IBD"&:b`V46 ;@(4:,&F8@` !DN4,B"DN4,` +B4F8@B 3@">> O,B:b8 E,8D,H"D\ %.A:@F8,&4R )!M?, L. 965, @B. 1 FBD. 25, "D8. 27-28.
PRZYCZYNEK DO PROBLEMU OPIEKI DUSZPASTERSKIEJ
NAD UCHODZ´ CAMI-KATOLIKAMI W IMPERIUM ROSYJSKIM
W LATACH 1914-1918
S t r e s z c z e n i e
Autorka artykuđu podje˛đa sie˛ omówienia problematyki opieki duszpasterskiej nad uchodz´ca-mi-katolikami w Imperium Rosyjskim w latach pierwszej wojny s´wiatowej. Zapewnienie ucho-dz´com opieki religijnej byđo jednym z waz˙niejszych zadan´ wđadz w sferze socjalnej pomocy ofiarom wojny. Niniejsza praca zostađa napisana na podstawie nieznanych dotychczas materia-đów archiwalnych, które znajduj ˛a sie˛ w zasobach Charkowskiego Pan´stwowego Obwodowego Archiwum, oraz naukowych opracowan´ polskich i rosyjskich historyków.
Tematyka artykuđu pozostaje aktualna i w czasach dzisiejszych, gdyz˙ u progu trzeciego tysi ˛aclecia s´wiat nadal potrzebuje zrozumienia i tolerancji wobec ludzi innych wyznan´ i ich duchowych wartos´ci.
Autorka, przeprowadzaj ˛ac analize˛ ówczesnych aktów prawnych, przedstawiđa polityke˛ rz ˛adu rosyjskiego w sprawie zapewnienia polskim uchodz´com-katolikom opieki duszpasterskiej. Praktyczna realizacja tych postanowien´ zostađa zaprezentowana na przykđadzie dziađalnos´ci rzymskokatolickiego duchowien´stwa, które pracowađo wówczas na terytorium guberni charkow-skiej. Religijn ˛a opieke˛ nad rzesz ˛a uchodz´ców w guberni charkowskiej zajmowali sie˛ nie tylko miejscowi kapđani, ale i duszpasterze, którzy specjalnie w tym celu zostali wydelegowani przez swoich zwierzchników. Wartos´c´ artykuđu zostađa wzbogacona kilkoma dokumentami, które na przykđadzie Charkowa przedstawiaj ˛a opieke˛ duszpastersk ˛a nad polskimi uchodz´cami obrz ˛adku đacin´skiego.
