S U R V E Y OF L I T E R A T U R E 1952—1953 359
W. Ρ e r e m a η s e t V a n ' t D a c k , Questions de méthode dans la Prosopographia Ptolemaica (Actes du deuxième congrès inter-national d'épigraphie grecque et latine, Paris, [1952]).
We shall have clear picture of the whole of the Prosopographia Ptolemaica and especially of the possible subdivisions and general character of this work, and of the difficulties facing the author-if we consult the Chronique d'Egypte, X I I , (1946), p. 267 — 2 6 9 . The authors discuss in their article several problems f r o m the do-cuments which were found outside E g y p t and which mostly concern the history of the Lagides. They differ f r o m those which are found in the texts discovered in E g y p t and refer to the heuristics of the sources and to t h e arrangement of the d a t a as t h e y are tabled in the Prosopographia Ptolemaica.
A r t u r S t e i n w e n t e r , Prolegomena zu einer Geschichte der Analogie. I I . Das Recht der kaiserlichen Konstitutionen (Studi in onore di Y. Arangio-Ruiz I I , 169 — 186).
On page 182 of this very instructive and interesting s t u d y the author has made use of the p a p y r i t o indicate t h a t in absence of precise rules, the authorities in charge of protecting the laws, applied rules as they existed ad exemplum in legal practise especially as t h e y were found in older rescripts settling similar cases. This method of trahere ad exemplum is illustrated b y SB 7696 (250 A.D.). B u t the papyri give us still more instances of the use of παραδείγματα (exempta) for practical application. I n the petition of Dionysia Oxy. I I 237, I V , 37 (from t h e 186 A.D.) the parties resorted to the decrees of the governor as the παραδείγματα κάλλιστα for the expected decision, and in another case the governor refused to follow such an exemplum on the ground t h a t the case bore no si-militudo to exemplum ( V I , 28 f. ουδέ ό 'Ροϋφος προσέσχεν αύταΐς άνομοίαις ουσαις εις παράδειγμα).
Very interesting is the P a p . Rendel Harris 67 (150 A. D.) (cf. W e η g e r, Atti V Congr., 557) because it quotes an imperial rescript which as well as in Oxy 237 V I I I 8 will be cited in cogni-tionalibus certaminibus, (const, summa 3) and will be used as exem-plum b y the judge who is to decide a quite different case. B u t ' t h e
author of this rescript, Antoninus Pius, follows soon a different exemplum. I t is a hypographe obviously issued in an analogous case of Valerius Zoilus. One can not more clearly illustrate the practise of trahere ad exemplum.
