A C T A U N I V E R S I T A T I S L O D Z I E N S I S
FOLIA HISTORICA 69, 2000JIupa C. JleoHoea
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POCCHHCKOH H C T o p n o rp a (} )H H f lo CHX n o p HCT C n eiJH aJlb H b lX p a 6 0 T, b KOTOpblX B c e c r o p o H H e h oö'L eK TH B U o, n a ocH O B e HCTOHHHKOB p a c K p b iB a jia c b 6 m o ö m e c T B e H H o -rio jiH T H H e c K a H / j e j n e j i b n o c T bB. H.
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HCCJie/iOBamiOH CTOpOHbi x ieaiejib H O C iH U e p iia /iC K o r o H rp a iO T o n y ö J iH K O B a H H b ie b o c h o b h o m b 8 0 - 9 0 r o / i w h c t o h h h k h - n y óJiH m icT H H ecK H C craT L M B e p H a a c K o r o , e r o æ h c b h h k h , n e p e n n c i c a ,M a T e p H a jiu k 3aflyM aH H oñ aBT06H0rpa<j)HHecK0H KHHre ITepeM cum oe
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o j i b m o i í n jia c T p a 3 H 0 0 6 p a 3 iib ix M a r e p u a n o B , CBHÆeTeJibCTByiomHX o e r o BHHMaHHH, H i n e p e c e k p a3
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h h b 1 9 0 5 - 1 9 0 7 r r ., o BiiH M arejibH O M iia G n io ^ e n H H3
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Y n p e a H T e jib H O M c o ö p a H H H h Æ pyiH X r o c y a a p c T B e H H b ix 3 a K 0 H 0 B ; Æ OicyM eHThi, K a c a i o m n e c » (J)OpMMpOBaiïHH KOHCTHTyUHOHHO-fleMOKpaTHHeCKOH riapT H H ; nH C b M a CTyaeHTOB, o r p a y K a io m H e h x B ocnpH H T H e c n r y a u H H b c r p a ii e ; p a3
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auH H h c o f l e p K a m n e h x o iien K H p a3n ep T b iB aioin H X C H c o ö b iT H ii; nep en H C K a c p o a c T B e in iH K a M H , KOJUieraMH h a p 4.Ü M eiO m H eC H HCTOHHHKH /la iO T B 03M 03K H 0C T b XapaKTepH CTHK H
oömecTBeHHO-nojiHTHHecKHX B3rnHflOB B e p jia z ic K o r o b o Bceii h x c j io h c h o c t h ,
r io p o i i npOTHBOpeHHBOCTH.
B . I L B e p iia a c K H H p o a h j i c h 1 2 M a p T a 1 8 6 3 r o / j a b H e T e p 6 y p r e . O h B b ip o c b JiH Ô epajibH O -flB opH H C K O H c e M b e , B p a m a j i c a c p e ^ n m o f l e n C HlHpOKHMH HayHHblMH H
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lHCCTBeHHhIMH HHTepeCaM H . C p e f l a , r f le HyTKO OT3bIBâJIHCb H a 3anpO C bI ayXOBHOÎÎ KyjH>TypbI H OÔmCCTBeUHOrO /U iH K eilH H , HeCOMHeHHO CnOCOÖCTBOBajia (jjOpMHpOBaHHIO B HeM BbICOKHX ayXOBHblX2IOaifuAAo K. <P. Oßufecmeeimasi dertmeAbtiocmb B. H. BepuadcKozo a dooKtnnôpbCKUÜ nepuod.
-
HcmopuuecKue cu/iysmbi, MocKBa1991
;T. Akcbhob,
BepmdcKuü, MocKBa1994
; A . JI. S h i i i b h , üyÖAuifucmuKa B. H . BepnaàcKoeo, [b:] B . H. B e p h a a c k h ił, IlyÔAu- ifucmunecKue cmam tu, MocKBa1995
; B. II. B o j i k o b [b:] B. H. BepnaàcKUÜ - oôufecmeewtbiü dejimeAb u nyÔAUifucm,TaM *e h ap.
3
Cmpanuifbi aamoñumpixfmu.
. A .J\.
I U a x o u c K a s i ,Xpoiiutca ôoAbiuoü wmshu - Baoôumup
Meanoeuu BepnadcKuü. MamepuaAbi k Suozparßuu,
„ I I p o M e T e i ł ”1988,
JVs15;
B . H . B e p H a / x c K H H ,Tlucbua H. E. BepiiadcKOÜ 1886- 1889.
M o c r a a1988
; B . H . B e p h a a c k u fi,HauaAO u «ennocmh xcumu,
M o c K B a1989
; B . H . B e p h a a c k h ü ,IlyÔAUifucmuHecKue cmambu.
CïpeMJieHHM, UeJlblIOH, CBOÖOflOJHOÖHBOH JIHHHOCTH. O l pOMHyiO pOJIb
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lleTepöyprcKHM yuHBepcHTeT, r/ie o h 3aKOHHHJi ccTecTBeHnoe OT/iejieHHe
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ßxo/iH B cocTaB
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bpaöoT e n ep B o ro (aiiB apb 1905), B T oporo (an p ejib 1905)
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1905) oômeseMCKHX ci>e3,aoB. O
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KO HCTH iyH H O H H O -aeM O K paTH H eCK O H n a p T H H . ß . M . B ep n aA C K H H H e 6 bUl n p o (J )e c c H O H a jib H b iM n o u H T H n e c ic H M /je H T e jie M , o n e M k o c b c h h o C B H a e T e jib C T B y io T M a i e p H a j i b i ci> e3,aoB h KO HtJjepeHH Hił KOHCTHTyuHOHHO- a e M O K p a T H H e c K O H n a p T H H , n p o T O K O J ib i L [ K n a p T H H ic a a e T O B , c t c h o - rp atJ)H H ecK H e o t h c t l i T o c y / i a p c r B e n H o r o C o B e T a . O /n ia K O r o c y a a p c T B e H H o e M b iu iJie H H e , T a jia H T h a p y /iH H H « y n e H o r o c m h p o b ł i m H M e n e M , B b ico K H e H paB C T B eH H bie K a n e c T B a o n p e u e jiH iiH b u c o k h h aB T O p H T eT B . H . B e p u a a c K o r o c p e /iH e/iraiO M bm uieH H H K O B . H a B cex ci>e3f la x B e p n a /ic K H H H3Ö H pajiCH b n u e ii h i H K n a p T H H . H K n a p T H H K a ^ e r o B o 6 i.e/iH H H Ji K p y n H e H u iH x T C opeT H K O B p y c c K o r o jiH Ö e p a jiH 3 M a , B b i f la i o u in x c H y n e H b ix u e n o r o p a a a O T p a c j ie i i 3 HäHHH, B H flH bix z ie H ie jie H 3 e M C K o ro h l o p o f l C K o r o c a M o y n p a B jie H H H . B H K p a 3 p a 6 aT M B ajiH C b n p o r p a M M H b ie , c r p a r e i H 'i e c K H e h T ao H H C C K H e ycTaH O BK H K aaeT C K O H n a p T H H , e e 0 p r a H H 3 aH H 0 H H bie np H H U H H bi.
B epnaaC K H H
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5 Cmpanuąbi aemoöuozpatßuu..., c. 52.
6 r/pomoKOAbi HenmpaAbuozo KoMumema KOiicmumytfuonno-deMOKpamuHecKoü napmuu
p a3f le j i n p o r p a M M h J K a a eT O B 7. 3 0 c e H T a ß p a 1 9 0 6 r . U(K n o p y n a e T KOMHCCHH « n o ciio u ie iiH H M c HHOCTpaHiibiMH o p r a n a M H n e n a T H » , u k o t o - p y i o peK O M enflO B au B e p n a a c K H Ö , p a 3 p a 6 o T a T b n p o r p a M M y a e a T e j i b n o c i H h n p e a c T a B H T b a o K J ia fl LJK8. 1 4 ) e B p a j ia 1 9 0 7 r . U ,K n o p y n a e i B e p H a a c K O M y n o a r o T O B H T b flO K Jiaa „ 0 6 yH H B epcH T eiC K O M B o n p o c e ” 9.
4 M a p T a 1 9 0 7 r . U ,K o ö c y a c a a e T B o n p o c „ O 6 o j i e e 6 j ih 3 k o h c b h 3h C npHMbIKaiOIHHMH K K. Ą. n a p j l aMeHTCK HM H (JípaKHHHMH” H yilOJIHOMO- HHBaeT B e p n a a c K o r o b c c t h n e p e r o B o p u o t h m c h h U K „ c y K p a n n n a M w ” 10.
E p o c a a p erp o cn eK T H B H b iH B 3 r : ia a Ha c o ö u t h h T e x jie T , B epna,acK H H B a e K a ö p e 1 9 4 2 r o / i a n n c a n : „ C T a j i K aaeTO M , c o a h o m c r o p o i i b i , H e3aM erH O
)KH3HeHHO n e p e 3 öpaTC TBO , C o K )3 o c B o 6 o * ; ie H H a , 3eMCKyK) /(py> K ecK yio c p e ^ y . Ü 3 3TH x x o p H H B b ip o c j ia M o a napTHHHOCTb K aaeT C K aa — n e 3 a M e T iio ß u T O B b iM n y T e M ...” 11.
B
3THx C T p o x a x - iip o T H B o p e H H c, n o n b iT K a crjiaacH BaH HH BepHaflCKHM n o jiH T H H ecK o ro acneK T a C B oeñ f l e a T e j ib n o c r a , n p H B e /iiiie ii e r o k KaaeTaM . C K o p e e B c e r o s t o 6 b u i a p e a K u n a H a yTBep/iHBiiiHHCH b c o3HaHHH c o b c t c k h xJ iio f le ñ b p e 3 y jib T a T e n o c j i e a o B a T e j i b n o ñ r o c y ^ a p c T B e im o H n p o n a r a H /ib i C T epeoT H n K a/ieicK O H napTH H KaK napTH H aiiTHHapoÆ HOÎi, co rjia m a T ejib C K O H , upe/iarejibCK OH . H /ie n Ka/jeTH3Ma 6 buiH 6 jih 3 k h Bcpua/jCKOMy h B C T yniieiine b KaAeTCKyK) n a p p T H K ) o n p e a e j i a j i o c b x a p a K T e p o M e r o o ô m e c T B e n n o - nojiHTHHecKHX B 3 r ju m o B . 0 6 p a 3 H O M noflpa)K aH H H ÆJia B e p u a ^ c K o r o , KaK h a p y r n x K a a eT O B , H B Jia.nacb 3 a n a ,H H a a H H B H JiH 3anH a, e e p e a jiH H
oömecTBeHHO-nojiHTHHecKoro ycrpoÈCTBa.
Hj i c h o b K aaercK O H napT H H oÔLeÆHHHJio 0 n n 0 3 H H H 0 H H 0 e OTHOuieHHe k n ap cK O M y c a M o a e p a c a B H io , y 6 e * m e H iio c T b b h c o6x o î(h m o c t h n o c T e n e H H o r o p e^ )op M H poB aH H H c y m e c T B y io iH e ii r o c y g a p c T B e H H o ii c h c t c m u, n p H 3 H a iiH e u e n e c 0 0 6 p a 3 H 0 C T H S B o m o u H O H H o ro pa3BHTHH o ô m e c i B a , o c y m e c i B J ie n n a CBOHX u e i i e i ł MHpUblMH Cpe/ICTBaMH.
K a a e T b i B biC T ynajiH 3 a ycT aH O B Jien H e KOHCTHTyyHOHHOH M O H apxH H b P o c c h h , 3 a c o 3 fla H H e n a p j ia M e H T a p H o r o Æ eM O K p aT H n ecK oro C T p o a c p a 3 fle n e H H e M B ira cT en H a 3 a ic o H o a a T e jib H y io , H cn o jiH H T ejib H y io , c y / j e ô i i y i o ,
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c o 3 a a H H e OTBeTCTBeHHoro r ie p e /t T bcyaapcT B eH H O H ayM O Ü npaB H T ejibC T B a, 3 a K opeH H yK ) petJjopM y M ec T H o r o caM oyn p aB JieH H H h p a c n p o c r p a H e H H e e r o H a B c e P o c c H iic K o e r o c y ^ a p c T B O . 3 H a H H T e jib H o e M ecT O b n p o r p a M M e KaacTCKOH napT H H 3aH HM ajiH n o jio a c e H H a , CBH3anHbie c o ñ e c n e n c im e MnpaB
r p a a c fla H , B c e o 6 m e r o H 3 6 H p a T e jib n o r o n p a B a , n p a B H a C B o 6 o /iy cjiO B a ,
7 TaM * e , c. 79. 8 TaM ace, c. 133.
9
TaM ace, c. 171. 10 TaM ace, c. 188.n e 'ia T H , c o 6 p a H H H , C0 1 0 3 0 B h o ö i h c c t b , n a nenpH K O CH O BeH H O CTb j i h h h o c t h h » H J iH iu a , CBOÖOAy n e p e a B H K e n H H , B b ie 3 fla 3 a r p a H H u y h a p .
O h h r p e ß o B a jJ H a n a H a p o flO B , n a c e j i a i o m n x P o c c H Ö c ic y io H M n e p H io , n p a B a H a C B o6 o ; iH o e ic y jib T y p H o e c a M o o n p e a e j i e H H e . C n H T a a H e B 0 3 M 0 m ib iM c o 3 fla H H e B e jiH K o ñ /iep> K aB bi 6 e 3 n p e o 6 p a 3 0 B a H H H b a rp a p H O -K p e c T b H H C K o ii c (})ep e, K a /ic T b i o r p a 3 H J iH b n p o r p a M M e C B oe B H /ie im e p e u ie H H H a r p a p H O - -K p e cT b H H C K o ro B o n p o c a b P o c c h h - n a c T H H H o e O T H y a c a e u H e riO M e m H H b e ñ 3CMJ1H b n o j i b 3 y K p ecT b H H , h o „ n o c n p a B e /u iH B O H u e n e ” , n a c T H a a 3 e M e jib H a H c o 6 cT B eH H ocT b. H a p i r a , B o ß p a B in a H B c e 6 a HBCT pOCCHHCKOH HHTejUTHreHHHH, B K J ii o n a ji a b n p o r p a M M y u e u b i i i k o m h j i c k c T p e ö o B a H H H , C B jn a H H b ix c o p r a H H 3 a u n e H rip o c B c m e iiH H b C T p a H e , e r o /ie M O K p a T H 3 a u H e ñ .
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r i y 6 jiH H H CTH H ecK H e B h ic T y n jie H H H 6 biJiH B a a c H e n u iH M H a n p a B J ie H H e M 0 6 m e c T B e H H 0 - n 0 HHTHHecK0 H / l e a r e j i b n o c i H B e p H a / j c K o r o b r o a u n e p B o i i p y c cK O H peBOJHOHHH. „3K H 3H B 3 a c x a B J iH e r , h T e n e p b O H a H e / ia c T y f i r a b T H x y io H a y H H y io h (J)H Jiococ|)CK yio p a 6 o x y , k K O T O pofi
Bee
B jie n e T m c h s , h B b i3 b iB a e T H a o ß m e c T B e n H o e a e j i o ’’12 - riH u ie T o h R . B . C a M o i iJ io B y b O T B e x H a p e a K H H io K O J in e r n n a n y ö u H H H C T H H e c K o e B b iC T y n jie H H e B e p H a a c K o r o . O c H O B H o e c o a e p a c a u H e nyÖ JiH H H CTH K H B e p n a ß c i c o r o - npOTHBOCTOHHHe BJiaCTH H OÖlUCCTBa; HeOÖXOflHM OCTb, nOJlHTHHeCKOrO p e (j3 o p M H p o B a H H H P o c c h h ; CTaH OBJieHHe p o c c H H C K o ro n a p n a M e H T a p H 3 M a ; aB T O H O M H H BblCIUeH IXIKOJIbl.B e p n a /iC K H H O T M e n a ji r j i y ö o K n e n p o T H B O p e n H « b p o c c h h c k o m o ö m e c T B e , H e a /je K B a iH O C T b o t j k h b i h h x r o c y /ta p c T B C H iib ix u o 6 m e c T B e H H b ix HHCTHTyTOB 3 a a a n a M n o jiH T H H e c x o r o p c c fto p M H p o B a iiH fl c r p a H b i H a a e M O K p a ra H e c K H X H a ^ a j i a x .
B C T a T b e
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rOflHOH JIHIHb fllIH BOHHbl IJCpBOH HOHOBHHbl XIX CTOJieTH»” 13. IlO/lHHTHe
rocyaapcTBeHHOH
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HOBH3Hy H rpaiI/IH 03H0CTb 3a/jaH, BCTäBHIHX ITCpe^ pyCCKHM OÖmeCTBOM,
„ ö u c T p o r o
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B nOJIHTHHeCKOH SCH3HH B HCM p a 3BHBaJ10Cb „JIHHIb CTpeMJieiIHe K KpHTHKe.
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npeno.aaBaTe.neH,
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flOJiacHa 6 biTb h 3 mh HcnojiHeHa HeMe/jJiemio h ö b ic rp o ” 18.
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t o t o b h o c t h k ycTaHOBJieHHK) KOHCTHTynHOHHOH MOnapxHH. 6 aB rycT a o h yTBepflHJi 3äKOH 0 6 ynpeîKaeHHH13 B. H. B e p Ha a c KHH, IlyfiÄUifUcmunecKue cmambu, c. 33. 14 TaM ace, c. 34. 15 TaM ace, c. 38. 16 TaM ace. 11 TaM ace, c. 44. 18 TaM ace.
r o c y a a p c T B e H H O H a y M U h B b i ö o p a x b n e e . Æ y v i a H M e n a 3 aK O H O - c o B e m a T e n b H Ł iH , a n e 3 a K o tio /ia T C J ib iib iii x a p a m e p . B h i ô o p b i 6 biJiH H e np H M b iM H . B o cH O B y B b i6 o p o B 6 b iJ ia n o j i o a c e n a C H c re M a K ypH H , t o e c T b p a c n p e a e j i e i i H i i H3 6 H p a r e j i e H n o c o c j i o b i i u m h H M y m e c T B e n n h iM n p i o n a K a M . B b iJ io 0 6 p a 3 0 B a n 0 T p H KypH H - 3 e M J ie a e jib H e c K a H , r o p o a c K a a , K p e c ib H H C K a a . B COOTBCTCTBHH c „ n o n o H c e H i i e M o B b i ß o p a x b r o c y a a p c T B e i i H y i o a y M y ” o t
6
a B r y c r a1905
r . p a ß o n n e , » c e n m H H b i, B o e n H b ie , y n a m n e c a , r o p o ^ c K a « ö e z i H o r a , M i i o r n e n e p y c c K n e H a p o f l b i, t o e c r b in n p O K H e c j i o h n a c e jie H H H 6 b in H jiH in e H h i H3 6 H p a T e jib H b ix n p a B . B b i ö o p b i /ly M M (E y jib irH H C K O H ) n a 3THX Iip H H U H n aX 6 bIJIH C O pB aH bl ßOHKOTOM , O Ô BH BJieiIH blM 6 y p » C y a3 H O H o n n o 3 H U H e ił h j ic b m m h n a p T H S M H .17 OKTHÖpa 1905 ro /ia ßbui onyßjiHKOBan MaHHcJjecT,
bK otopom H hko-
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npeacTaBHTeubCTBOM.
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r . n p o x o /iH J iH B b i ß o p b i bI T
o c y / i a p c T B e n n y i o a y M y . T jiy ö o K H H a H a jiH 3 n o jiH T H M e c K o ft C H T y a u H H O T J in n a e T C T aT b H B e p H a a c K o r o , H a n n c a H H b ie b M a p T e1906
r . h c o a e p a c a m n e o 6 p a m e H H e K KäyKJIOMy I'paH C H aH H Iiy POCCHH npO H B H T b HyBCTBO oßlU C C T B eH H O rO ÆO-Tira, OTBeTCTBenHOCTH 3 a C T p a n y h npH H H T b y n a c T H e bBbißopax. 3
t o C T aT bH- Tpu peiuenux
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r a 3e T e „ r i o j i a p n a « 3 B e3^ a ”19
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no TOMy ace caMOMy nyTH, no KOTopoMy Tax aojiro coeepuiajiocb
pa3BHTHe P
o c c h h c k o hHMnepHH” 19. Bepna/icKHH oöpainaeT BHHMaHHe Ha
coaepKaiiHe Mep, nocpeacTBOM KOTopux
mo h c h ocoxpaHHTb npeacnee
nojiOÄCHHe, yica3biBan,
h t o bCTpeMJiemiH noaaBHTb HapoflHoe /iBHaceiine,
nanpaBJiennoe npoTHB craporo peacHMa, „BJiacTb Bcryniuia na nyrb leppopa” .
M acmraöbi Teppopa orpoMHbi: „
k o jih h c c t b oacepTB, naBniHX
b3
t hriocjie/iHHe
Mecaubi,
b oMHoro npeBbicHJio nenanbHyio paßoTy flo
c h xnop naMHTHbix
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18-rO
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CHHTaji BepHaacKHH, „BejiHKoe Hapo/moe flBHaceHHe, Kaxoe oxBarano
b c ioPOCCHIO H 3aXBaTHJIO H HaC, CHJIbHee H3 [yaapOB 3aiUHTHHKOB CTaporo
15 TaM x e , c. 57. 20 TaM ace, c. 58.
pexHMa -
Jl. JI] h bo MHoro pa3 MorymecTBenHee. O ho hbho He Moacer
ÖblTb OCTaHOBJieHO TaKHMH npHMHTHBHhlMH, XOTH 6bl »eCTOKHMH
h yacacHbiMH cpe/iCTBaMH” 21.
Ho ecjin cto p o h h h k h c ra p o ro cTpo« „pasaaBjiT
ABHKenHe” , CTaBHT BepAHaacKHH Boripoc-yTBepac/ieuHe, „He no/iopByT jih
ohh B cnynae ycnexa Bce ä h ni j e CHJibi CTpaiibi?” 22.
B Topaa H^eHiiaH iiJiaT(})opMa -
s t onporpaM M a coHHajiHCTHnecKHx
napTHH. C neay« en,
iih u ic tBepnaflCKHH, na/io ocymecTBHTb aaxBar BnacTH,
ycTanoBHTb flHKTaTypy Tex KjiaccoB HaceneHHH,
bHHTcpecax KOTopux
aojiJKeH ÖWTb iiocTpoeH rocyaapCTBeiiHbiH
hoómecTBemihiH CTpoií
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h j ihKpecTi.HiicTBa. „/JocrHrHyTb sT oro, KaK
BCHKOH /IHK'i aTypbl, M03KH0 TOJIbKO CHJIOH, IiyTeM BOOpyXCCHIIOIO BOCCTaiIHH
h j ihTeppopa. Bße/ieiiHe sjieMenroB HacHJiHH c
s t o h t o h k h3peHHH HeH36e*HO.
K 6 o TOJibKO T oraa nporpaMMa Kpanmix rpynn pyccKoro oñmecxBa nojiynaeT
npaKTHHecKHH CMbicji, nepecTaeT 6hiTb HfleojiorHHecKHM cosaaim eM
MenTaTejieñ” 23.
BepHaacKHH
ocyacaaeT
nacHJibCTBeHHbie
aeñcTBHH,
3anporpaMMHpoBaiiHbie
j ic b l im hnapTHHMH, coMneBaerca
b h x ii o3
h t h b h o mpeayjibTaTe: „H e npnBe/iyT
j ih o h h bKoiiue
k o h u o b köecnejibHOH rnoenH
íKHBbix CHJi pyccKoro napo/ia,
kTopxecrB y
t c m h w x c h j ipeaKHHH? He
paöoTaioT
u h o h h bKOHue KOHHOB... Ha nojib3y HfleojioroB n p o u u io ro ? ” 24.
Bepua/icKHM n p e /m a ra e r CBoe peuieHHe Bbixoaa CTpaHbi h3 KpH3Hca:
„ H aÖOJIbHOH Bonpoc 06meCTBeHH0H 3THKH,
HTO
flOJDKeHiiejiaTb OTflejIbHblH
nejiOBeK ¡Uin Toro, m o ó b i noMonb CTpaHe b u h t h h3 6e,acTBHH, neM oh
MojKeT noM onb oöineii 6 ea e - ... o t b c t oæhh: o h aojiaceH b o ííth
b nojiHTHHecKyio napTHio, oh aonxceii
ynacTB O B aibb ee pa6oTax, b ee
fleflTejIbHOCTH.
B KOHeHHOM pe3yjibTaTe cobm ccthoh pa6oTbi Bcex n a p r a ñ nojiynaeTCH
nojiHTHHecKaa opraHH3aii,HH H apoaa, Ta cHJia, KOTopaa b KOHne kohhob
coBepiueriHO peopraiiH3yeT rocyaapcTBO, npnnaeT eMy noByio tjiopMy,
B KOTOpOH 3aaaHH H HejIH rOCyaapCTBeHHOH nOJIHTHKH OnpeaejIHIOTCH
Boneñ 0praHH30BaHH0r0 H apoaa... HeM sHeprHHHee Sy/ier opranH3anHH
napTHií, neM uiHpe OHa oxBaTHT pyccKyio *H3Hb, TeM CKopee h nojiHee
npeKpaTHTCH aHapxH«” 25.
„TaKHM 06pa30M — aenaeT blibo/i Bepua/ICKHÍÍ — b HacToamyio BejiHKyio
H OTBeTCTBeHHyiO MHHyry IiapO/IHOH 3KH3HH BbIHCHHJIHCb TpH OTBeTa Ha
B onpoc 06 o6n3aHHOCTHx h HopMax nOBe/ieiiHH OTaenbHoro pyccKoro
rpaamaHHiia. Oæhii o t b c t rpeöyeT o t Hero SHeprHHHoro h 6e3ycjiOBiioro
noflaBiieiiHH Bcero ocbo6o AUTejibiioro /ibhjkchhh, /ip y ro ñ - HajiaraeT Ha
21 TaM »ce. 22 TaM ace, c. 59. 23 TaM ace, c. 59-60. 24 TaM ace, c. 60. 25 TaM ace, c. 61.
n e r o o Ö J o a m i o c T b y n a c T H « b B o o p y a e e H H O H 6 o p b 6 e c n p a B H T e jib C T B e H u o ñ M auiH H O Ü C T a p o r o r o c y / j a p c x B a . H a K o n e n , T peT H H - n p H B o a m r k SH eprH H H OH p a ß o r e n a / i i i o j i h t h h c c k o h o p r a H H 3 a u H c i i i i a p o A a , k p a ö o T e b o o j i h t h h c c k h x n a p T H H X . T o jIb K O 3 TOT T p eT H H O TB eT H CKJIlOHaer B0 3 M 03KH0 CTb H CTO m eH H H H a p o A H b ix CHJi, T .e . r o c y ^ a p c i B e m i y i o r H 6 e n b , K O T o p a a c y m e c T B y e T n p n r i o 6 e / i e KaK H / j e o J io r o B n p o i u j i o r o , raK h M e n T a r e j i e ñ ß y a y m e r o ” 26.
H a
o d í e m e B x o H c a e H H H B c e x r p a a c a a H b n a p T H H c j i o s c h t c » n o u H T H n e c K a a o p r a n H 3 a u H H H a p o a a , c n o c o ö i i a a o c y i n e c T B J i H T bee
H H T e p e c b i : „ B e c b H a p o a ö y f l e T 0 p r a n H 3 0 B a n h ó j i a r o ^ a p a S T O M y n o n v H H T B 0 3 M 0 acH 0 C T b B o n n o m a T b b K H 3 H b , r i p o B O ^ H T b b n e e Bee t o , HCMy o h 6 y a e T B c p u T b , n e r o o h x o n e r . . . n a p T H Í i ö y ^ e T n e c K O J ib K o ; h o b h x 6 o p b 6 e n p o a B H T c a h b m h c h h t c h b o j i h 0 p r a i i H 3 0 B a H H 0 r 0 n a p o . u a b J i H u e t o h n a p T H H , j c o T o p a a ö y a e T n p H 3 B a H a ra K H M n y T e M k B J ia c T H , h 3 T a b o j i h r i p e A C T a B j m e r h 3 c e 6 h T a K y i o p e m a i o m y i o c H J i y , n e p e a K O T o p o n æ o j i k h o c K J io H H T b c a B c e , K O T o p o H H H H T o b C T p a n e n e 6 y .n e T b c o c T a a n H H a o j i r o n p o T H B H T b C H ” 27.C o 3 H aB aH Iie B 0 3 M 0 )KH0 CTb O Ö M flH H eH H H BC erO H a p o f l a B O flH y n a p T H ÍO , H e p e a j i b i i o c T b C H T yau H H , K o r f la 6 b i B e c b H a p o a „ h m c j i o / i H y M b ic j ib h o / n i y a y i n y ” , B e p n a jic K H M CH H TaeT h t o „ n a p T H H ö y a e T H ecK O J ib K o ” 28.
O h p a 3 tH C H H e r n p a B C T u e n H y io H e a o n y c T H M O C T b , , * H T b Bue h OTÆejibHO OT pyCCKOH 3KH3 H H ... O Ö U j e e Ö JiarO flOJDKHO CTOHTb B n e p e f l H JIHHHUX H H T epeC O B H n p H B b IH eK ” 29.
H e y n a c T H e b B b i G o p a x B e p H a a c K H H C H H TaeT n p o T H B O o ö m e c T B e H H b iM H B J ien H eM , a
o
3 a H H B iu H x x a i c y i o i i o 3 h u h i o r p a a m a H a x n m n e T , h t o o h h „MCHByT H H O C T paH U aM H B CBOCM O T e n e C T B e ” 30. H a o 0 C0 3 HaHHH h m h n e o ö x o flH M O C T H B C T yn jieH H H b K a ic y io -j iH Ö o n o jiH T H H e c K y io n a p T H K ) „ o h h flO J IÄ H b l p e r n a T b npaK TH H eCK H H B o n p o c B blÖ O pO B .C
HpaBCXBCHHOH TOHKH 3 p eH H H u n s . HHX 3 fle C b OflHH BbIXO/I - H a 3 TOT M O M eH T OHH AOJDKHbl BOHTH b p s ^ b i n o jiH T H H e c K H x n a p T H H , n o a a T b r o j i o c a n o h x c r in c K a M h n o h x y K a 3 aH H H M .B
s t o m T e n e p b n a T p n o T H H e c K H H f l o u r K a x c a o r o p y c c K o r orpaacaaHHHa” 31.
BepHaacKHH
BbicKa3biBaeT
cbok)
TOHKy
3peHH«
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c o t h h x u c h h , M H JiJiHOH bi p y c c K H x r p a * A a H cnjiO T H U H C b B O K p y r n a m e H n p o r p a M M b i . . . K 3TO M y M bi rip H3 MBae.vi B cex , h 6 o s t o e c r b eAHHCTBeHHbiM n y x b n p e x p a T H i b H C A eJiaT b HeB03M 0HCHbIM npO H 3B O JI H HaCHJIHH, r u e x y iU H e pyC C K yiO 3eM JIK ), o c T a n o B H T b a n a p x H K ) n p a B H T e jib C T B e n n b ix o p r a H O B , p a c x H i u e ii H e H a p o A H b ix c p e A d B , p a 3 p y a t a i o m H X p y c c x y i o >KH3Hb” 38.I la p j i a M e H T a p H 3 M b P o c c h h - o a h o h 3 c a M h ix K o p e n H b ix n o j iO K e n H i i n p o r p a M M i .1 KaASTOB. B ep H aA C K H ii, y 6 e}KAeHHLiH c t o p o h h h k HM eHHO T a K o r o y c T p o f lc T B a r o c y A a p c T B a , a n a n H 3 H p y e x o n b i T co 3 A aH H H h A c n x e jib H O c x H p o c c H i i c K o r o n a p j i a M e n T a .
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F o c y /r a p c x B e n iio H ZJyMe n p n pa3yM H O M cxpeM JieH H H e e k s x h m n a p o z iH b iM x p e ö o B a H H H M , o x B e n a io in H M b x o ace B p e M a r o c y a a p c x B e H H O M y 6 j i a r y P o c c H H ? ... O h a o jia c e H c x a x b H a c x o p o H y T o c y ^ a p c x B e m iO H / l y M b i ” 43. 40 TaM * e . 41 TaM x e , c. 70. 42 TaM ace. 43 TaM * e , c. 72.M enee
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n a / i o p a c c M a T p H B a T b H e C 3TO H , rO C y/iapC T B eH H O H , a C nOJIHTHHeCKOH TOHKH 3 p e H H « ” 45.B e p iia /iC K H H a n a jiH 3 H p y e T K n a c c o B b iñ c o c r a n T o c y A a p c T B e i m o r o C o B e T a h a e j i a e T b u b o / i , h t o „ o h b K p aiÍH eH c j i a 6 o ñ c r e n e H H m o h c c t o T p a a c a T b H a c r p o e H H e h M n e n n e n a p o ^ a h o 6 m e c T B a ” 46. B T o c y a a p c r B e H H b i ñ C o b c t „ c o B e p u ie H H O n e b x o a h t n p e a c T a B H T e n H p a 6 o H H x h u h K p e cT b H H C T B a . C n e a o B a T e j ib H O h x t o j i o c H e S y a e T y c ji b i m a H n p n o G c y a c /ic iiH H B o n p o c o B , 6 j i h 3 k o h x K a c a io u iH X C H ...” 47; „ c h j i m 3 am H T H H K O B c T a p o r o p e a c H M a b T o c y a a p c T B e H H O M C o B e T e ncK y ccT B eH H O y B ejiH H eH b i” ; n p e o 6 j i a f l a i o m y i o p o j i b b B b i6 o p H G M c o c T a B e C o B e T a „ H M e e T .iiB opjniC T B O , H e6 o j i b i n o H c j i o h n a c e jie n H H P o c c h h c k o í í H M n ep H H , H a n 6 o .n e e 6 j i h 3 k h í í k C T a p o M y p ex cH M y h H a n G o jie e 3 a H H T e p e c o B a H H b iH b e r o o x p a H e H H H ” 48; c o o T B e r c T B y i o m a H o p r a H H 3 a n H H B bi6 o p o B n o K ypH H u y x o B e iic T B a o 6 e c n e H H J ia , , n p e o 6 jia ^ a H H e B e p x o B a y x o B n o i i n e p a p x H H ” 49. B ep n aA C K H H n p o / i o j r a a e T : „ T o jib K O nBe K ypH H - TOprO BJIH H npOM blUIJieHHOCTH H aK a^eM H H eCK aH - CTaHUH HeCKOJlbKO B C TOpO H e, HO H3 HHX n e p B a H HBJIHCTCíi IIp e/IC T aB H T eJieM KanHTajIHCTHHeCKHX H H T e p e c o B . BK JiiO H eH H e B T o p o ii b c o c r a B C o B e T a , B e p o j r r n o , o c H O B a n o H a n e a o p a 3 yM eH H H ” 50. n o a o 6 HbiH c o c T a B C o B e r a , n o m h c h h i o B e p n a a c K o r o , „ H e M03KeT co/ieM C TB O B aTb p a 3 p e in e H H io r jia B H b ix B o n p o c o B r o c y a a p c T B e i m o i i JKH3HH P o c c h h b t o m H a n p a B J ie H H H , b KaKOM BbiCK a3biBaiO TCH in n p o K H e K p y r n p y c c K o r o n a p o . u a h p y c c K o r o o 6 m e c T B a . O h n e m o j k c t c o r a a c H T b C H c iu n p o K O H aeM O K paT H H ecK O H p e ^ o p M o ñ r o c y ^ a p c T B e i i H o r o y n p a B J ie iiH H , c a r p a p n o i i p e c J jo p M o ii, ocH O B aH H O H H a H n r e p e c a x K p ecT b flH C T B a, c p a 6 o H e ii p e ( J ) o p M o ñ , O T B e n a io m e H » e jia H H H M h n p o r p a M M a M p a 6 o H H x M a c c . O h H e 44 TaM x e , c. 80. 45 TaM x e , c. 81. 46 TaM x e , c. 83. 41 TaM x e , c. 82. 48 TaM x e , c. 83. 40 TaM x e . 50 TaM x e .
MoaceT oraecTHCb GeenpHeTpaeTHO h conyBCTBeHHO k yu nn roxcen H io b c h k h x
npHBHjierHH h j i h HepaBeHCTB OTflejibHbix KJiaccoB h j i h r p y n n HaceneHH «...” 51.
BepuaflCKHH cHHTaji, h t o ,,naTpHOTH3M h cosH am ie roeyaapC TB eH H oro G u a r a ” aojiHCHbi 6 biTb Bbinie y 3KHX KJiaccoBbix h cocjiOBHbix HHTepecoB, Bbnne m cjikhx jihhhm x HHTepecoB h jich ob T o cy /ia p crB ciiH o ro C o B e x a 52. Tocy/iapciBeHHbiH C o b c t a o jix e n „BbmojiiiHTb cb o io HCTopHHeaeyio 3 a/ian y” - HOMOHb ocym ecTBHTb HacymHbie T pe6 oBaHHfi oóm ecTBeH H oro p a 3BHTHH b nojiHTHHecKoñ h arp ap H oñ ctj>epax, ecjiH o h He x o n e r noflHHTb „nuaM H n oacap a” b CTpaHe, flon yciH T b pcm em ui s t h x B onpocoB nyTeM B o o p y ^ e n n o r o BOCC'raHHH. ,,B o hm h ro cyflap cT B eH H o ro G u a r a h cnaceHHH p y c c K o r o ro cy fla p cT B a o t KpoBaBoñ pacripn h p a 3Jio»ceHHH o h o 6 H3 an bccm h MepaMH hom oh ij A y Me b ee th jk cjio h h TpyflH oií p a 6 oTe ycnoKoeiiHH h o 6 h o b jich h h pyccKOH * h 3 h h ” S3 - n nuieT BepuaacKH Íí.
BepHaflCKHH n p 0 rH0 3 Hp0 BajI B0 3 M0 HCH0 CTb KOHíjUIHKTa Meac^y ro cyaa p cT B eH H O H A y M o ñ h ro cy aa p cT B e H H M M C o b c t o m . n p aK T H ica n o cu eflyio m eH p a 6 oTbi s t h x yHpe»meHHH CBH/iexejibCTBOBajia o peajibHocTH onaceHHH B epH aacK oro.
X a p aK T ep n o , h t o BbiuieynoMUHy rbie e r a r a n BepHa/iCKHH nanH caji 6 yaynH HueHOM r o cy fla p cT B e H H o r o C o B e T a . Pa^aK iiH » xcypH ajia ,,C B o 6 o a a h K yjib T yp a” , r a e 6 buia onyGjiHKOBana 1 Man 1 9 0 6 r. e ro CTaTbH O r o c y - d a p c m a e m o M C o e e m e , o ó p a in a jia „BHHMaHHe HHTaTejieií Ha iiojiHTHHecKyio B aam ocT b upeaJiaraeMOH CTaTbH, aB Top k o t o p o h iipocj).
B. H.
BepHaacKHií - H Jien T o c y /i a p c i B e H H o r o C o B e T a ” 54.,0 ,eHTejibHOCTb B e p H a a cK o ro b ro cyaa p cB e H H O M C o B e T e b 1 9 0 6 r. 0 3HaMeH0 B anacb aKTHBiioií 3 am HToñ c b o h x n o 3HUHH n o p a fly B on p ocoB
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n o cjiy n a io n an ajia p a6oT bi Tocy/japcTüeH H oro CoBeTa h T o cy a a p cT B en n o ñ AyM hi, npoH3HeceHHoe 2 7 anpejiH 1 9 0 6 r. b 3 hm hcm flB opne. Bepua/iCKHÜ 3a«BHji b BbiCTynJieHHH
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BpeMH coBepm eH H o HCKjnoHHTeubHoe, h rocy/tapcT B eH iioe yH peam enH e, K 0T 0p0e TaK hjih Huane HMeeT 3aKoiioaaTejibHyK) (JjyiiKnHio, He m o k c t ,
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06
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HTejlbCTBaX, KOTOpbie BbI3WBaiOTCH HCKJIIOHHTejIbHblMH yCJIOBHSMH riepe>KHBaeMOrO HaMH BpeMeHH. M eac/jy51 TaM ace, c. 82. 52 TaM ace, c. 72-73. 53 TaM ace, c. 72. 54 TaM ace, c. 68.
TeM, hh b a/ipecc, hh b p en ax npeflbiaym H X o p aT o p o B a coBepuieHHO He BH3Ky 3 TOrO OTpaHCeHHH” 55.
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b rocyaapcTB eH U biH C o a e T , r;xe o h BbicKa3 aji cb o h B3n n m Ha n p o 6 jieM y aMHHCTHH. K aK cjie ^ y e r H3 reKCTa, o h B u c x y n a ji 3 a nojiHTHHecicyio aMHHCTHio, h 6 o OHa M o r jia c n o c o 6 cTBOBaTb c h h ih io HanpH/KemiocTH b o G m eciB e, npeflOTBpameHHK) C epi,e3HHX nOJIHTHHeCKHX OCJIOMCHeHHHB
CTpaiie: „ r i o a BJIHHHHeM npaBHTejibCTBeHHbix penpeccHii b o 6 inecTBe naKomuiHCb CHJibHoe 0 3 Ji0 6 jieHHe h JKenaHHeOTMmeHHH.
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H3BecTHbiH OTnenaTOK Ha b c io H auiy o G u jeciB eH iiyio KH3iib... k o jih h c c tb o jih h , TaK h u h HHane, n o BHne h jih 6 c 3 b h h h o , n ocT p aflaB u iH x 3 a s t h MecflHbi, CHHracTejj Aecjm caM H t ijc h h . T a x a a nojiH aa aMHHCTHa MoaceT n o jio 3KHTb npeaeji p o c r y 3-ro ro oneHb r jiy 6 oicoro o 6 xnecTBeHHoro HacTpoenHH, KOTopoe r p o 3HT b 6jiHKaHiueM G yaym eM cep b e3 HbiMH o cjio jk h c h h s m h ” 56.B u c K a 3aB c b o h npe,miojio>KeHHJi o k o jih h c c t b c p en p ecciip o B aH H bix rpaacaaH h rpaacflaH, CBH3aHHbix c ynacT bio 3t h x jih h, noflnepKHyB, h t o „BojiHeHHa h apecT M 6 biBaioT n am e b cp e ^ e, aB J iaiom eiica HaH6 o jiee 3HeprHHHOH h aejiaioineH TO, h t o naibiB acrcH o 6 m ecTBem ibiM m h ch h cm ” 57, BepHa^CKHH nHiueT, h t o h m c h h o n o sT O M y „ n a e a aMHHCTHH r jiy 6 0 K0 npoHHKJia b cp e A y p y c c x o r o o 6 inecTB a” h „CTpeMJienne k aMHHCTHH Hejib3 a HHHeM HCKOpeHHTb” 58.
O h CMHTaeT, h t o ,,6 jiaro,aapa crporH M penpeccHHM, HeyaaHHbiM h jiovkho npHHHTbiM M epaM - najro c o 3HaHHe 3 aKOHHOCTH. IIo h b h jic h ca M O cy a , flOCTHraBHIHH npHMO /JHKHX p a 3MCpOB” 59.
BepHaacKHH CTpeMHTC» y 6 eflHTb hjich ob T o c y a a p c T B e n n o r o C o B e T a , HTO „OTCyTCTBHe aMHHCTHH C0 3 /iaCT COBepUICHHO IieB0 3 M0 >KHbie yCJIOBHH fleaTejibHOCTH fljia h o b w x 3 aK o n o a aT ejib H b ix ynpeacaenH H ” , a n o jm a a aMHHCTHa „npHiiepacHT o 6 inecTBeHiioe B0 3 6 y»weHHe h a a cT BpeM a a n a n p o B e a e n n a opranHnecKHx petJiopM” 60.
7 M aa 1 9 0 6 r. b r a 3 eTe „PecJiopM a” 6 bu ia o n y 6 jiHKOBaHa CT aT ba B e p n a a cK o ro a M u u cm u H k o k m m n o A u m u u e c K o u H eo6 x o d u M o c m u . Y a ce caMO iia 3BaiiHe craTbH roBopHT o ee HanpaBJieHHOCTH. BepnaacKHH CHHTaeT, h t o ,,b niHpOKOM o 6 cy»meHHH B o n p o c a 0 6 aMHHCTHH b pyccKOH n e n a r a h b pyccKOM o 6 inecTBe... Bee em e HeaocTaTOHHO noanepicH B ajiocb ee nojiHTHHecKoe 3HaneHHe, ee H eo6 xoaH M OCTb h HeH3 6 e*H O C T b fljia
55 TaM ace, c. 75. 56 TaM ace, c. 74. 51 TaM x e , c. 76. 58 TaM ace. 59 TaM ace. 60 TaM ace.
aajibHeHfflero 6 o jie e npaBHJibHoro, MeHee 6ypH oro TeneHHa pyccKoń hchbhh” 61. 0 6 p a m a a uuHMaime Ha
06
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JiHTH'iecKHH p e 3 o n a n c aMHHCTHH, BepHaflCKHii riHcaii, h t o „OHa nocroaHHO npnMeHHJiacb h npHMeHaeTca n o c n e BOCCTaHHH, 6yHTOB, n o cjie o6mecTBCHHbix b o jih ch h h , rpaamaHCKoii b o h h u ; B cio a y OHa npHM enaeTca T or^a, K oraa o cr p b m n e p n o /i MHHOBan h K oraa ecTb H aaeacaa flocTH rayT b ycnoK oeH H a h B03Bpam eH Ha K HOpMajlbHhIM - HOBbIM HJIH CTapbIM yCJIOBHSM 3KH3HH” 62.IlpHBOflHMbie b CTaTbe aaHHbie OTpaacaiOT 3naHHe BepHaflCKHM
p a3JIH H H b IX CIOaceTOB rOCyflapCTBeHHOH nOJIHTHKH, B3aHMOOTHOUieHHH
B Jia cT H b K opraHOB h o6m ecTBa, ero c r p e M n e u H e k ycranoBJieHHio npHOpHTera 3aK0Ha b CTpaHe, npHBep*eHHOCTb k m h p h u m (JiopMaM o6m ecTBeH H oro pa3BHTHH. Oh ocyac^aeT penpeccH BH yio HOJiHTHKy B iia creń , p a cn p a B y , „KaKaa coB ep uiajiacb c HecjibixaHHOH b pyccKOH h c t o p h h nocjieflHHx JieT acecTOKOcrbK) npe/icraBH iejiaM H BJiacTH b o Bcex MecTHOCTax P o c c h h c k o h
HMnepHH n o OKOHHaHHH h n o noaaBJienHH peBOJiK)UHOHiibix Bcnbnueic” 63. Oh npHBJieKaeT BHHManne k (J>aKTaM npHHacraocTH npeacTaBHTeneH m c c t h o h h neHTpanbHOH aAMHHHCipanHH k npecTynjieHHaM, norpoM aM b pa3Hbix r o p o a a x h ceitax, k He3aKOHHOCTH h x a c h c t b h h : „ C M ep rabie Ka3HH 6e3 c y a a neubiMH co m a M K , HCTB3aHHa b TK)pbM ax... IIpH nojraoM 6e3HaKa3aHH0CTH j i h h , b h h o b h u x b 3 t h x n p ecT yn jiem iax, HaKa3anHe t m c h h
flpyrn x jno^efi, BHHOBHbix b MeHbuiHx h j i h x o t h 6bi TaKHx * e npecTynneHHax, n e MoaceT CHHTaTbCH aKTOM enpaBe,miHBOCTH. IIoHBa 3aKOHHOCTH BbipBaHa
y o6inecTBa, h 6 o 3aKOH npnMeHaeTca t o i ł k o k o a h o h c r o p o n e , n e nce r/ia ” 64.
„B
pyccKOM o6m ecT B e - n n in e i Bepna/icKHH - u iap oico ceiOTca h b c x o ^ h tceMeHa rayóoKOH HenaBHCTH, crpeMJienHH k M ecra, nerK oro OTHOuieHna
k HeiiOBeiiecKOH a u ram i - 3 t h npeflBecTHHKH rpaawaHCKOH b o h h u ” 65. U laroM Ha nyTH ,„gocTH»ceHHa o6inecT B eH H oro ycnoK oeH H a” B epnaacK O M y npeacraBJiaeTca nojiHTHHecicaa aMHHCTHH, nojm aa h BceoGinaa, 6e3 0r0B0p0K . „O H a neo6xo,aH M a KaK aKT h h c t o nojiHTHHecicoro xap aK T epa” , KaK
A O K a3aT eubC T B O T oro, h t o „H3MeHiŁHHCb H e TOJibKO 6yMaacnbie o c h o b w
3aKOHOaaTejIbHOH fleaTeJIbHOCTH, HO H (JjOpMbl aflMHHHCTpaTHBHOH npaKTHKH” 66.
fla m ia a craT ba, nocBaineH iiaa npo6jieM e aMHHCTHH, no/niHMaeT u ih p o k h h Kpyr aKTyajibHHx
nnsi
p occH ncK oro o6in ecT B a B o n p ocoB . BepHa^cKHH a ejiaeT b m b o/i, h t o Hejib3a „ n p o /io jm a T b h /it h Bce n o TOMy caMOMy onacHOMy h n a ry 6 n o M y fljia 6 jia ra P o c c h h n y r a , n o KOTOpOMy uijih61 TaM ace, c. 77.
62
TaM ace. 63 TaM ace, c. 78. 64 TaM ace. 65 TaM ace. “ TaM ace, c. 79.p y ccK H e npaB H T eubC T B a
b
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n ojiH T H H ecjcyio ooiH Ö K y .M u
b h u h m, K y /ia3TOT
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CHJibHbiM” 67.BepH aflC K H H y ö e a c a e H H O B b iC T y n a eT 3 a O T M eH y CMepTHOH K a3HH. 3 a K O H o n p o eK T 0 6 OTMeHe C M e p r a o ii Ka3HH 6h j i n p H iia T T o c y /ia p c T B e H H o ii ^.yM O H 18 M a » 1 9 0 6 r . B e p H a a cK H H 6hiJi H 3 0 p a H b k o m h c c h i o r o c y / i a p c i B e H H o r o C o B e T a /ij ih n 0 /ir0 T 0 B K H o6cy»cfleH H H 3 a K O H o n p o eK T a 0 6 OTMeHe CMepTHOH Ka3HH. K o m h c c h h r o c y /ia p c T B e H H o r o C o B e T a n p H H a jia p e m e H H e o nacT H H iioM H3MeHeHHH 3 T o r o 3 a ic o H o n p o e K T a . B e p n a /icK H H c n e n n e o ö x o a H M b iM Bbipa3H Tb CBoe „ O iz ie j ib H o e MHeHHe” H Jiena T o c y /ia p c T B e im o r o C o B e T a n o paccM a T p H B a eM O M y 3 a K O H o n p o eK T y 68. O e r o n o3HUHH a a e T n p e /tc r a B J ie iiH e C TaTba „ C M e p r a a a K asH b” , H M e io m a a o c T p o e n o jiH T H n ec K o e 3BynaH H e. B e p n a /icK H ii craB H T B o n p o c 0 6 OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH T o c y fla p c T B e H H o r o C o B e T a b cjio>KHBuieHCH b C T paH e CH TyauH H : „ K a i c o n o t b c t a a c T r o c y a a p c T B C U H b iH C o B e T ? OcrraHOBHT j ih o h J i b i o m y io c a n o B e e n P o c c h h K p o B b , n o M o a c eT jih c ö p o c H T b c H a rn eñ C T p a rn j n o 3 o p H c n p e K p a m a io m H x c H jie r a jib H b ix yÖHHCTB? H j ih CTaHeT H a n e p e x o p r o p a n e M y c r p e M J ie n H io CTpaHM, BO H fler b pH flbi B e p u iH T e jie ñ K p o B a B b ix a e j i?
To
HJiH H H H oe O T H O inenH e e r o k 3TO M y n e p B O M y 3 a K O H o n p o e K T y r o c y a a p c T B e H H O H Æ yM bi HM eeT o r p o M H o e nojiH T H H ecK oe 3H aneH H e. H e cT b fljiH H e r o TOJibKO f l a a n yT H , TOJibKO /iB a o T B eT a . O æ h h - npHHHTb flyMCKHH n p o e K T nejiHKOM h s t h m n y T e M o c r a n o B H T b K pO BaBbie Ka3HH h yÖHHCTBa. Æ p y r o ô - OTKJiOHHTb HJiH H3MeHHTb e r o , T .e. co x p a H H T b Jiera jib H b ie yÖHHCTBa b ô o j ib in e M HJiH MCHbiiiCM p a ^ M e p e ” 69.B ep u a a cK H H c h h t3j i, h t o OTMeHa CMepTHOH Ka3HH 6 y a e T c n o c o ö c T B O B a T b r ip ejiO T B p a m eH H io M a c c o B b ix h c æ h h h h h l i x yÖHHCTB, n o p a a c a io m H x c b o c h a cecT O K ocT bK ) h 6eccM b icjieH H O C T b K ), 6e3 H a K a 3 a H H O o c y in e c T B J ia e M h ix o p r a H a M H B J ia c r a . „ 3t h y6HHCTBa M orjiH 6 b iT b c o B e p m e H b i t o j u>k o n o T O M y , h t o b CTpaH e n p H 3 H a B a J ia cb C M e p n ia a K a3Hb, h x 6 b i H e 6 b u i o , e cjiH 6 b i C M ep rH a a Ka3Hb y H ac 6 b u ia OTMeHCHa, o h h aBHJiHCb y n p o m e H H o ñ cjjo p M o ii CMepTHOH Kâ3HH b p y K a x p a c n y u ie H iib ix c jiy x c H T ejien a e 3 0 p r a H H 3 0 B a H H 0 H r o c y a a p c T B e H H O H B JiacT H ” 70. „ C M e p T H a a K a3Hh - n n i n e T B e p n a a c K H H - B b ip o flH J ia cb y H a c b npaB H T ejibC T B eiiH biH T e p p o p ,
a
3t o t 6 e j ib m T e p p o p B b i3b iB aeT K pacH b iii T e p p o p c o BceMH e r o n ocjieflC T B H aM H ” 71.67 TaM x e .
68 TaM x e , c. 91-97.
69 TaM x e , c. 86. 70 TaM ace. 71 TaM x e , c. 87.
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