Ekaterina II

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---C O lł H H E H I E

n . meOajiBCEaro,

Madame BapmaacKaro yaeSnaro Onpyra.

B A PHI A BA.

IIE11ATHH BAPIUABCKArO yiEBHArO OKPyrA. KopojfiBCKaa yjm;a A« 11.

^osBOJieno n,eH3yporo, BapmaBa, 8 MapTa 1878

Mirorie caHxa.ni y naca., ^aace ii be npocTOHapojUH,

o TepMarnH. Ohii siouote, hto 9to cTi.ii.iiaa ioinepia, koto- paa HicitojiBKO jiŁti. tomy Hasami noófymaa <I>paHu;iio, saBoe-

saaa y lica jurJi oóaacTH h B3aaa be n a t a $paHii;y3CKaro idi- nepaTopa HanoaeoHa Ill-ro.

Ho iio.iTopacTa j[rIiTri> TOMy iwijpe 9Ta HMnepia cocToaaa

H3i> MnoacecTBa 3ie.iKHX,B BJia;(,iiiTift (thee nie EaEE ii Hania CTa-

piiHHaa Pyci>x). lliiEia H3E 9thxe B-iajiinifi dnan toke Ma-

JIBI, HTO MOJKHO ÓHJIO BE OflHHE fteHB npOrIlXaTL Ha HOHTOBHXE .pa—Tpn TepMaHCEin repporcTBa ii.ru EHHJKecTBa.

y BJiara,ijrLH,a oporo 1131. TaEHXrB EponieHHLixrB rocy- jr,a])CTjirf« p o p aact be 1729 r o p ;iohl. Mohcho dnao paacHH-

THBaTB no BCrtM'i» B^poaTiaME, hto 9Ty Moaopio npnHpecy 0-

aiii/iacTE óyjiymHOCTL ne daHCTaTeai>Haa. IIoyaiiBmiici. Eoe-ne- My 11 Eoe-EaEE, 9Ta Moaopa npHHpeca,—mojkho óhjio noaa- raTB,—Bi)iH;piTE 3a MyjKE 3a Tasoro ace iie3Hawr(jjn»naro Baa- flto p a uaEE ea otoue, EOTopnft, He ioiia bo3MO®hocth npo-

atiiTB Ha ,noxopi ce cBoero rocyjpipcTBa, cayacnaE rencpaaoME BE npyCCEHXE BOftCEaXE H 6HJIE KOMeiljiaUTOME OftHOH H3E npyccEHXE EpliHocTCH. A motjio cayHHTEca h to, hto 9Ta npiiHH,eca, ecjrn Bora He HarpapTE ee ymome 11 Epacoroio,

c^LiaeTCH iKCiioio pace ne B,ia;i,'Lii.ua Measaro repMaHCEaro ł) Cm. „Pa3^po6aenie Pycn“,

2

KHajKCCTBa,

a

ero MJiaaniaro dpaia, EoropoMy MoseTB

6htl

npir^eTCM

ii

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bbhhh

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npyccEaro

hjiii

aBCTpificicaro

HOJIEOBHIIEa.

CjiyaMoci. oanaEoatB coBepmeiiHO He rraKB. P

obophtb

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kii

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Eaa-io HLimuKit - Bopoatea

11

peacKa

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a.ua efi BLicoityio dyaym-

hoctb

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jpipoBajiB MaaeHBEoi iipimiied; saiatHaTeatHyio

spacoTy u cnie dojrfee

liaHiiHiricatnutt ymb

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Ha

iiee yKasaaii

ii

Miieparpimlfi EaiicaBCTfe (aoaepii Ilerpa BeiHEaro), Eoraa OHa

HCEaaa iiOBtcTia aM cBoero MeiisiHHHEa, BeaiiKaro Emm lle-

Tpa OeaopoBiiaa. HpiiHii,eca nprLxa.ua

bb

Pocciio, HOHpaBii-

jiacB imnepaTpiinf), BBinuia

3

a MyjEB

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a nac.!it/i;iiHKa Pyccsaro

npecToaa u caLnajiacn BeaiiKOio rocyaapHiiefi noarr» loieneMB

EEaTepnHBi BTopofi.

UpnouBB

bb

Pocciio

14

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OTpoay, ona npnHaaa upaBo-

ciasie

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BeanaaimniMB iipiiJieaianieMB uaaa.ia yuiiTi.ca

pyccEOMy H

3

HEy. npii iieofoiKiioiieiiiiHYB cnocoÓHOCTaxB

cbo

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ona BCEopli nayHiiaacB ne

tojlbeo

coBepnteHHO CBodoano

B.iaaliTB

9

THMB a

3

HEOMB,

ho

oEasana dojiBHiio ycnrI’.xii BO BCa-

Earo poaa nayEaxB, raEB

hto

caL.Ta.iacB oanoio H

3

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o

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BaHHBixB aceiiuiHUB

cbocto

BpeMeHH.

Ho ora

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aMinaTeaBHaa atenipiiHa ne dmia cnacTaiiBa: Bora

ne daarocaoBMB ea dpana

cb

BeaHKHMB EHa

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eiiB. O

hb

aaura

caHB no cedi

cbcboiimh

apyBBHMH ii BeaB

jkh3hb

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OHa Toace jKH.ua cana no cedL

cb

HCMHorHMH

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npii

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JK

6

IIHBIMH; yHIIJiaCB, HIITa.ia H BHIDiaTe.IBHO npHCMaTpHBaaaCB

EB TOMy,

iuieb

ynpaBiaeTca Poccia n nero HeaocTaeiB aaa na-

poanaro dJiaroaencTBia.

A ne;i,ocTaiia;io Mnoraro, aa n dyaymce dsuio cyMpaano.

HMneparpHflia EaiicaseTa, dyayan ne

3

aMyameio, ne nurlsaa

npaMHKB uac.iiiamiEOBB, a naeMannHEB ea neTpB Geaopo-

BHHB, poailBniHCB BB PepManiii OTB OTH,d HiiMLI,a J), EaEB-TO

Ma.no CBHEanca

cb

Poccieft; itoraa JKe cEonaanaci. ero T

6

TEa

i) Ero MaTŁ, ;i,o>Ji> lleTpa Bejnutaro, crapiuasi cecrpa EaiicaBCTH Ile- TpOBHH, 6l)I.ia BaMySKCMT) 3a OAHHMB rcpMćUICKUMB UpMIIU.eMt.

ii om. m m , IlMneparopoME, om, nanam BHKa3HBaTB ropas^o

dojrlie npiiBasaimocTii ko Bceny ntnepKOMy, ntME ee pyccKO-

My. E»iy doate HpaBHJiocB ii ntMepKoe bohceo ntME pyccuoe,

H irtMeirjiift asiJEE, ii HtMepide nopajmn; ohe odiiKnoBeiino roBopii-iB no HtMCipca; npndjiniKeHHEie ero (Iwjmi no dojiBinołi

nacTii II t Mira; om, jirodn.iE hochtb npyccidii nyH,pipB h 3a-

Bem o dymnie be BoncKaxB na niMeipdft JiajpE. J^aaie odpa­ du irpaBomaBiiott hppebh EasaancB eny crpannu. IIo cbo- jime noujLTiion, ohe drniE HtMen,B ii .iiOTepannHE 1). Eanaa

pa3nmi;a ce mojioji,oii iMneparpnuen: (EKaTepnnoio), KOTopaa

crporo mnaa ycraBM napo^noii nepimn, CTapaaacB y3HaTE Bce,

mto KacaeTca jo cipami, be KOTopyio npiiBem ee nepcTE Eo- adfi, modrnia roBopiiTE no pyccKH, dania aacKOBa, ^ocrynna, MiiJiocepaa, a be spyry djiH3KHXE en aio;;en Becena, ocTpoyMna ii iipocra be odxomenin!

II BOTE MC/K^y 3HaTIIEIMH II He3naTUEIMH JIIOftBMII nOUIJIII

to.ikh o tome, hto ne IleTpy OejippoBiiny, a en dii pap-

CTBOBaTB cjit;i,oisa.io. TojiKOBaan cnanana inonoTOME, a no-

tome n rpoMico. Ilpn EKaiepimt AaeKcteBnt fltjia nonian dii aynine, roBopnan mhhhctpbi n aioyn canoBinie. H /ipoBnee daaronecTie B03cia.no dii cnoBa, sarnionaan .110,1,11 3;yxoBnaro

niina.

IIo BctxB ropante dBUin npe^ami Monopoli IlMiiopaTpiint cojijpiTTi n o(J)nu;epi>T rBapjin. Bet ohh totobh diuin no.io-

iKHTE 3a nee roiiony n ne cspLiBaJin cBoero OTBpaipenia ke

Myn^npaME no npyccKOMy odpa3u;y, be kot op nie hxe oytTsa.in no npiiEa3aniio Tocy^apa, et, irpyccKon MynrrpoBKt, ee npyc- ckhme nopa^icaME. 0 caMOME Tocy^apt OTSHBaancL ohh pts-

ko. 9to d 1,1:10 misterno Eocynapio n, pa3yMteTca, ne d 1,1.10 eny

npiaTHo; a ero npiaTe.in, ceeotophmh ohe npoBOjpLiB myM-

HKTir HOMii n KOTopHME pa3CEmajiB HeodjyMaHHo MIIJIOCTH, i)

i) Jlmtiepr, ijiJ.n, KaTOjmaecKm Monaxi>; no oht> OTBepruyjn, MHoriti nocTaiioisjieniir KaTOjmuccKoii nepKiui h cocTaBiun. ocoOoe BbpoyieHie, no- caB^onaTean itoero iiaBtinaiOTCii awniepanaMii.

4

BHynram OMy, hto BceMy ponoTy Taimaa npHMHHa ItaiepaT- pnpa. OHn jtOBCjm TaEHMB oópa30MB caaóaro Toey^apa po Toro, utoohT) BoaiiaMiipirJica aaEJiiowrB cynpyry cboh) bbmo-

nacTiipL n JEeHHTLca na ppyroft.

Banio jrliTO 1762-ro ropa. HMnepaTpnpa aania BepcTaxa eb

Tpnppara otb JleTftpdypra. Brr> nedojianioMB pomhe'Is, nocrpoen- bomb IleipoMT. BeaHEHMB na óepery Mopa. Ona iEn.ua eipe CKpoMHie oÓBiKHOBPHHaro,—ojtira ct, fŁceojibehmh npncjiyiK- imnann n cjiyraMH. Bppyra opnaiKpH, hmbhho 28 im a , oeo- .10 6-n nacoBB yipa, nopBfeiEaeTB eb 9T0My poMnay opiina ii3b iiaiifiojfie bhphuxb rBappefiCEMXB otynpepoBB, AaeEcM Op- jiobb, ii Tpe^yeTB hto6b ero BnycTnan eb rocypapianii. Ohb ÓHJIB BeCL BB nLIJIII II OHeHB BSBOJIEOBanB.

—- Eto cb BaMH? eto BaMB nyiKiio? rOBopnTB ypiiBJien- Han IlMnepaTpiipa.

— MaTyniEa, Bce bb IleTepGyprfc totobo. htoóbo6b3bhtl nacB BocypapEmeft. CapnTeea bb sapeiy n ipeMB,—ipeMB pa.nn Bora!

— Ho EaEB?....

— ^oporon pascEaaty Bce, a Tenepa 'IipeMB, ripeMB, ne Te* pan nn MimyTH. Hnane He MHHOBaTE BaMB MonacTiipa.

CapaTca. OpjroBB BCEaEHBaeTB na eo3jibi; ypaaaa neTBcp- na MiHTca bo bcct. onopB. Bb hf15CEOpbeiixb BepcTaxB otb HeiepSypra BCTptaaeTB EmnepaTpiipy em,e ophhb mappeft- CEin OfJizpepB BepxoMB; ysnaBB ee, ohb noBopamiBaeTB Eona n CEaneTB bo3.tI; EapeTLi. Hotomb npiicoepHiiaeTca em,e ppy- rofi, TpeTin. irkEOJiLEO.... Bb conpoBOiEpemii hxb Enaiepn- na nopaiaiEacTB eb Easapirli opHoro H3B mappencEHXB no.i* eobb. BapaóanipnEB cxBaTHBaoTB óapaóanB n Óbctb c6opa. CojipaTH c6’IiriiioTca cbepheomb y p a. piuryioTB y IlMnepaTpn- pia pyEii, nom, EonepB ea naaTaa... IIpnBopaTB CBameHiin- Ea ii TOTiiacB-iice Becn nojiEB npncaraeTB na iri.pnyio cayatóy r o c y p a p n n ił IlMnepaTpnn;'l5 EEaTepnni

AaeEcBe-5

Bh4. Taiaa m apacara noBTopaeTca be aepBeacTB yioipcME ik;tep(5yprckom'i. codopli. KasaacEOME. reaepami, apajpjop- jijje eafcaiaTE bo ,popcpE. EitaTepima ipIuiaeTca PocyftapEmea h CaMO^epJEiipefi Bcea Poccia; cyapyrE ate ea, y3aaBE o cjiy- aaBBieMca, OTEasHBaeTca ote apecTOJia, yciyaaeTE ero EsaTe- pmrli, a bIickojibko flaea cny era n yMapaeiE.

Tret, aaaaiocB papcTBOBaaie EsaTepaBEr Il-ot, apo3«aa- Hofi BeaiiEOio (1762 r.)

BaMtaaTeaMO, aro, orna bctyeebe aa apecmiE, oaa ao- yjaia aoBO^T, aayiaTBca aa pa3JiaaaBta caacTJiEBMa aepeMliau ae TOJII.EO T’I;>n» PyccEHME, EOTopiie cocToaaa ao/i/r, ea yepa;a- Boir, ao a tŁme, EOToptie, be yaiuiin Epeaeaa ao^aaBE aorn,'i> aao3eMBoe BJiayLiaccTBO. ae aepeciaBaaa o^aaso caimiTB ceda PyccEHME. Taida emcebo HajipaciBr apocayjiacŁ be aio^;axE pyceEaro npoacxoałji;eBia a apaBOCJiaBaaro EcaoBlijpiaia, aaxo- /i,aBiinixca be Teaeaie ;i;oaraxE jtŁte nojiri> BaacTiio IIojie- ceexe Eopojiefi ]). IIxe BipoiicnoBiwiuie aoyBepraaocE do.u>- maME CTicaeaiaME co ctopobeibtexe Eopojica, a eipe dojiEiae co ctopobei aaaoBE a EaTOUiaecEaro ii;yxoBeBCTBa. PUictb 9Toro aaceaeaia, aaeaao BBiaiiaaaa Maaopoccia, ae JEeaaa Tep- iriTB jio.rlie, OTToprayjiacB ote IIojiBiaa a EOOTaaacB Poccia; ao a 3aT'liME eipe mboto Pycci£axE a aacTiro apaBOcaaBEBixE, aacriio yaiaTOBE 8), apo^ojiacaaa jketbeojbb eojleceeme Baa- iILiaecTBOME. Pyccide rocy^apa, ao CBoeay cebbmh cyaaoBl;- piio, aepli^EO xoraaTaacTBOBajm 3a bexe; bo TaEia xoji,aTaacTBa ocTaBajiacB dojiBaieio aacTBio de3E nocaliycTBiii, aoToay eto (iCJia itopojia ao.iBCEie aaorji;a a iTcyaiaun yEa3Ei be aaoiyrry cbobxe pyccEBXE ao^aaiiBiYE, tobxe ae cayinajia aaan a 3,yxoBeacTBO, Boodipe apaBBiEBiie ee aeaocjiyiaaiiiio. lipo * 2

1) Cm. „Pa3Apo6iienie Pycn“ ii „Ynifi h Bo3coe^nHenie Ma-topocciii", 2) Cm. „Yiiia h BoscoeflHHenie Maaopoccm".

6

Eicar epmiy ace CKopo nponiJia Mojnsa, hto ona He H3B t$xb, hbh

npOCI.GLI MOJEHO OCTaBJMTB 6631 BIIIDMHiiT.

IIoDTOMy apaBOCjraiiiiLiił enHCEOHB MoraaeBa, npHHa^Jie- acaBinaro Tor,a;a noJiBnrfe, Teoprifi, hpii6hbb bb MocEBy na eo- poHapiio, upioio oóbjibhjib IlMitepaTpiipii, hto ero iracTisa ro- pano h KpIiHEO na nee ua^IieTca. EoBopn bb en

npii-eyTCTBiii nponoBfcp, ohb co cjiesaira na rjia3axB cpaBHiiBajiB

BejrHKOjrfenie moceobcehxb xpaMOBB cb ydoacecTBOMB xpaMOBT.

CBoefi enapxin: ,.3,yf;ci>, npoH3iiecB ohb, cb^thjibhhkb istpij:,

otb pień Bjiarn,HMipoBHXrB saiEaceHHBtH, ÓjniCTaeTB; y nac'i. cisii- thabhheb cet cb hp 4 n ct byloni,ie otb 3anaji;a BIIxpII

Ha mhothxb MrIiCTaxB coBepnieHHo iioraciuiii. y HHCB, lipomoJI-

acaJIB OHB, CTHBHTB BB CTH^B IDieilOBaTBCH IipaBOCJiaBIIBIMB; 3a npaBOCJiaBie TepmoiB HCTiisa tiiii, 3aiaioHeiiia, homobb pa33o-

peHie, a Hepi^EO hjehshh jounenie.. Opano, 3aK.110aa.iB npo-

noBt^iiiiEB, ne yHHBaeMB, 1160 napada na iisdaBJienie Bece-

jiiitb nacB. He nocpaMH 5kc iiacT., napasła nama! Cnacn nacT.

jjecHiipeio TBoe», h MHmpeio TBoeio noEpHii nacB! BOCEJiHKHyjiB bb BaiwiiDaeiiie apximacTHpL, oópaipaacB eb EKaTepimi.

iro;i;o6iio Eeopriio MonuieBCEOMy CTajin npifeataTB eb iio- boii HmnepaTpHpŁ ciiiiceoiibi h iiryMHBi ii3B EieiupiiiiiJ, cb

Bo.thhii, H3B Ilo^ojiiii1), npiinayjieBaBiiiiixB Tor;pi IIojibuiIi.

Beli npOCILTII HOEpOBHTeJIBCTBa h 3am;HTH. He HaXOrI,ItMB npaB- TTT.T y ce6a, acajiOBajniCB ohh; „no.iBCEie cy;i,u pasooii ropmie

cwb, 1160 upiiBO cyji,nTi, na Haray CTopony ne 3a rpixB, ho 3a

OTuymenie rpfcoBB noHimieTC!i.“ JĘpyrie roBopiuiii: „Eor^a

bojieb hoxhthtb obhj,— Ey p 6'ji;i,n:oi\iy nacTyxy npepTaBHTB cboh 301.1061.1?" EitaTepiimi ne 6H.ua neayBCTBHTe.iBiia eb

9tiimb npoineHiHMB h iEajioóaMB. OHa jpuia enHCEony Eeopriio

') ITrjHf.TTTHiii KieBCKaa, BojiMiiCKan n IIo^ojiLCKan ryÓepmH nep ^ ito Haaf.riiaTOTT. 3ri;paiiHOio (oKpaiiHofi). ^jih KpaTitocTH hmh Oy^ent Tara. na3HBaTt hxtj. KopeHHoe naceaeiiie Jri;paiinr,i—Majiopoccu, Tara. ®e Kara.

hbt. tKxt. o6aacTHX'b, iroTopi.ia no^piiiHiuniCb papio AacKcLro MnxaiłjiOBnay (cm. „Ania n BoacoeflHHeme

Majropocciii‘0-7

nucLMO e i IIojiŁCEOMy Eopo.no ii npiiEasajia cBoeMy nocjiaii- HHicy be Bapmairl; cTapaTica, hto6i ea eflHHOBipneBi He npn- TicHaan.

IIo npu BceMB CBoeni acejianiii E o p o .u i rnniero He Mori

c ^ k ia T Ł : ero ue c a yn ia jiii b i caMoirn ero roeyji,apcTB’I;. Ha-

n p o T H B B , b i oTHonieHiH n p a B o c a a B H EixB e Ta .n i n p H H H M a TB ca- mhhc y p o B H a rnipn; ciani o d p a m a T i hxi b i yniio otephtok chjioh. Bt, IIoao.hio h na Bojihhl Bcrynnan OTpa^H

noai-CEHX! COJIiiaTT,; HO AT, HX1 II])HEpi,ITieMT, CJl'ŁAOBa.111 MOHaXII H CBameHHHEii; ohh oneaaTHBajni iipaBOCJiaBHBia pepEBii, a npii-

X0żKaUT,, OEpyJKHBT, BOHCEOM1, 330133.13.111 IiepCM^HaTI, BrI’,py. IIpaBOcaaBHHe CBaipenHiiEii aojijkhh diuni Moana CMOipiTi na

9T0; BE npOTHBHOMT, C.iyHa$ 11X1 nOHOCHJIH, Óe3lieCTIIJIH, odpli- 3HBaJIII IDU BO.IOCM, dpHJIII dopOfty, 3361133.111 BI EOJIOAEII H oTnpaBaajiH na padom, hjih ikc Heni,aji;uo 6ii.ni po3raMH ii

n.iCTLMir, npnroBopHBaa: ,.bott> Ted'i 3a ininepaTpimy, boti

3a Eopojia, 3a CBaTliitmiii chhoai, 3a apxiepeeBi, a boti h 3a

Bca npaBOCjiaBHHH xęHciiani,i“.

YKpaHHCEifi napoju chocjihbi; ho 3aTO, HOTepaBi Tepirli-

Hie, om CTanoBHTca CBHptni n crpamcHi. Theobi om 6h.it, bo Bpena l)Oi’Aana iMejiiHiipEaro,—TaEHMi-aie OBasaaca oht,

ii Tenepi. npoH3onuio CTpanmoe, xotb h EpaTEOBpeiaeHHoe

B03CTanie.

Boti e3et, ohocayainioci,. He^aieBo oti Kiesa, Ha no.ii- ceomt, ikodepery JJirlmpa1), b i .iriciicTofi m$cthocth, ecri, Mot- peiiiiHCEifi MonacTBipt. IlryMiiOMi 61,1.11 Tam CTapeii,! Me.n- xiicca('k i. Toace fe juiami ii npocHTi 3aiu,HTH y IlmiepaTpmpi. 3a 3tona nero ocodemio 3_.io6h.ih c i itoji,ii, CBHpśneTBOBaBinie na Yiqmind;. Ohh ^aaie HcojpioEpaTHo AiaaaH Hana^ema Ha *

') Bl> TO BpeMfl, O KOTOpOM J, 3^,'ISCb TOBOpMTCfl, rA|H'BIIP'I> ^HJIB TpaHH- Hcii iieat^y PycciatMB u JIojbciaiMB rocy^apcT iiaim ; to.;ibi;o K ieB i, xotł h CToaipili Ha upaBOMB, iiojibckomb Oepery A,Hinpa, iipiiHa^aoKaai, Poecin.

8

MOHaCTBipB BB 3aXMTHTB MeJIBXHCeji;eEa. Bb 9T0TB me MOHaCTBipB npifXO/ticiif na noEHOHenie doroMO.LBii,Bi hsb

Hiena, H3B ■ sa J^Hinpa, crB 3anopomBa. Ohhbh^ jihhomctob-

CTBa, KOiopBia coBepnia.iiiCB OEpecTB, n hbhmhcb MCTHTe.niMH 3a CBonxrB 3JioiiojiyaHBixrB dpaTift. 0,1,11113. H3rB hhxb, yjjajioii

sanopomcEii Ea3aEB, no hm cmi: Meechme JKeafeHaEB, codpaaB COTHH ;BBrfe. Tai£HXB me IuLK'1, OHB JIHXHXB Harj>3JI,HHKOBE H He- atjjaHHO nerayainio Ha.ieT'J;ji'i. Ha doraioe iDitiiie ehh3h .Iiodo-

MipcEaro, CMiaoe. OMijiancEie EpecTBane, yBHjjiBB 3eMJia-

eobbh ypyyeH. cb rojioin.i non, BoopymeHHBixB, cxBaTH.iH cboh TOHopH heocbi, EiiHyjiHCB Ha EHamecEin saMOKB, pasrpa-

diiini: ero, nepediniH EHaacecEyro jpopHio h nepeB,J&nia.iH CMi-

hhhcehxb atn^OBB; 3aTrL\i'B ohh ,j,BHHy.iHCB jpurlie. Kyjpi HH

npHXO^HJIH OHH, HapOflB npHCTaBaHS ET. HHMB. He piiyEO npHCTaBajiH h rri; EasaEH, eotopbixb ^epmaan HHBie nojiBCEie

BejiBMomn, TaEB hto, HopesT. nłcEOJiBEO jj;Hefi no Hepexoji;i ^HŚnpa ŻK e jrf. 3 u a eom3., oeozo Hero druio yme ne hIjceojibeo co-

TeHB Ea3aEOB3>, a MHoria tbichhh Bcanaro, xyji.o-.ih xopomo-JiH

BoopymeHHaro Hapo.ua. II BC3ji,f> era HecTpoimaa, dyHHaaTo.ina acraa h rpadnaa nancEia xopoMBi, Btinaaa aaryoin,, HCTpefoiaaa 9E0H0H0BB h apenji,aTopoBE. Bb EopoTEoe Bpena B03CTailiC EpeCTBaHB H Ea3aE0BB 0dXBaTHH0 H].IHrfiHIHia KieBCEyiO H IIo-

;j,ojiBCEy30 ry depni h. 1

1Ito me ji.iaa.iiB CiaHHCJiaBB, Tor/puniiia IIo.ircidH EopoaB?

Hto3,IiJia.iH ero mhhhctpbt, ero reiMaiiBi, BoeBojpi h crapocTBi, ero noaHH,ia hbohceo? Ybet, 9totb di-yoMii Kopojii. hoiimIib

HHEaEoft B.iiacTH. Hojiiipin y nero ue druio BOBce; BOHCEa To­ me hohthho di.iao. TaEB luiET. Bci 3eM.n1 IlojiBCKaro rocyjjap- CTBa npHHajnaemajiH hhh namiMB, hjih ynpaBaaaHCB hmh, to

na uaHOBB h eiapocTB B03.nara.nocB oxpaneme nopajpca,—a mbi bhjijLih, EaKBOHH ero oipammi: cothh yjpajiBpoBB iio^Hana njfc- HEIH Epafi!

Upn

tomb y Eopoaa, ero mhhhctpobbh naHOBB di.i.ni bb 9to me canoe Bpena ^.pyria sadom. Ila Bonami HeMHorie

oc-9

'laBiiiiecfl em,e npaBOcaaBHEiMH homEiphkh odpaaoBaaii EOH(|}e-

^ e p a p iio , TO-ecTB ironcraHi.e ipa 3ain,HTEi CBoet Bipti. Toino Taicżice HaflpyroME kojipb IIohbihh, be Topyirl; (hhh-Ł npyccEift

ropOflE), noM:f;ui,MKii aioTepaHCEaro HcnoBi^aHia odpa30Baan spyryio EOH^e^epapiio jpa saiipiTBi BoopyiEenHoio pyEofi cbo-

ero BtpoHCiiOBliyauia, udo be IIojibceome rocyyapcTBi', He tojebeo

upaBOCJiaBHŁie, hoh bc$ HeEaiojiHEH, hjih toke Ha:ii,iBiieMj>ie

/i, h c c h /i, e htli, Haxo,a,HjiHCL be yrkiieHiii.

Bh^hBce 9to, EopojiE HaaaaE ycTpaHBaTE oeodoe, oteHero

Henocpe^CTBeHHo saBHdiBinee bohceo ii yCTanaBaHBaTB iiaao- rn ,p a coftepaKama aroro BoftcEa. 3to Boadyaiiao Me;E/iy na-

HaMH CTpaniHoe HeroftOBanie: „EopoaB xoaeTE 3adpari» BaacTB; HM^H Ea3Hy H BOHCEO, OHE C^iłJiaeTCH HaniHME rOCnOJ],HHOME“,

EpHHaJEH OHH, H TOUiC 0dpa30BaJIH HOBCTaHEe r)pI3 COHpOTHBJie-

Hia Eopojiio. Ee 9T0Hy ndiicraiiLio npHMEHyjio h ^yxoBeHCTBO,

Hejj;oBOJii.Hoe tIime, htoeopojie CHHCX0,a;iiTeaeHB ee AiiccnpeH-

TaME. 3aBapHJiacB cTpaniHaa cyMaTiipa.

Hto ocTaaaaocB Eopoaio? Ohe odpaTHaca 3a noMoipBio ee

PyccEot rocynapBnrJi. EEaTepioia Bealiaa nepefira 3a ^HinpE nicEO-IBEHME HOJEaME CBOHME. OHH npeJE^e Bcero IIpeEpaTH- aii Boaneiiia Ha Tapaiml; h 3axBaTHan JKeafeHHEa, a sarliME

B03CTaHOBIIJIH BJiaCTB EOpOHH BO BCeME lOCy^apCTBi.

iroaB-ieiiie pyccEHXE iioheobe chhbho pa3^paa:ajio noai>- cehxe naiiOBE, xoth codcTBeHHo 9th iio.iKii dBUiH npHCJiaHH ^aa

oxpanema hxe ;eh3hhhHMyipecTBa hpothbe EasaEOBE, B3dyH-

TOBaBniHxca EpecTBaHE h Boodipe npoTHBE BCrI;xE napyniHTe- aet nopa,a;Ea. Ho bhji,e pyccEHXE boScee EaEE dsr roisopiraE iranam: „He yari&eTe bbi, ,aipy3Ba aiode3HHe, cnpaBHTBca ce

codcTBCiiiiBiMii cbohmh ginami! “—bote hto dBiao flocapro na-

HaME. n09T0My OHH BCTpt.THHII PyCCEHXE EaEE BparOBE, a EO-

poaa, eotophhhxe iipiiraaciijiE, oÓEaBHan aHineHHmiE npe-

CToaa. Ho TaEE kokępyccida BoficEa iiayeaaio odeperaaii npe- cioaE CTaHHcaaBa h upił Ea;Ea;ofi BcrpiiTl; pa3ronaaH tohiih

HOBdaHpeBE, to nauia odpaTiraiicB 3a homohi,bio ee Typeu;EO- My cyarany h yd^ffi^aan ero odEHBHTB Boimy Poccin,

10

CayTOiocL, 'oto napada pyccEHXE EaaaEOBE, npecM^ya ho:ilcehxe noBCTams,ei;E, 3anecjiacŁ 3a Typeipjyio rpaHHny h pa33opH.ua iacTi> norpaHHHHaro ropowica E am i, npima&ie. asaBmyio be 9tq Bpena Typiiin. Yshobe o6e 9Tome, EiaTepiuta s e a t a hsbhhhtłcs ote ea loieHH iipe^E cyjmuiom u 3anaa- thtb sa yaHHeHHoe Easasaus pa33opeme. Ho cyjmiHE He npit- HaarJb HSBiiHeHifi h o6eh:biijie Poccia BofiHy (1769 r.), pascan- THsaa BOcnojiBSOBaTLca tTme, hto pyccEoe boSceo aaiiaTO be HOJTBinll.

M

li

ceiaacE yBM^HME,

htostote

pacneTE oEaaaaea o^na-

ko

coBepnreHHO HeBipHHME.

M be Typu,iii, ehee be llojim il nposEHBajio ^a ii TenepL lipoiEiiBaeTE MHoa;ecTBO npaBOcaaBHaro HcnoBt^ania, OTuacTii CjiaiiaiiE, oTuami TpeKOBE1). Y3HaBE, hto mea^y cya-

tohomeh IlMnepaTpiipeft naniiHaeTca BofiHa, ohh cep/meMB h

Ayuieio 6li.ui Ha pyccKot CTopoirL, a TpeitH pisnnumcB bochojeb-

30BaTLca teme, hto aypeipda BoftcEa noTaHyjiHCL ee pyecEofi

rpamnid hb3hhhcl 3a opyade, hto6e ocBo6ori,HTLca ii3e-iio^,e

MyCyJILMaHCEOH BJiaCTH.

EKaTepHHa ce CBoeft ctopohh noe.ia.ia hme Ha noMoipL HtcEOJiLKO Eopaóaei. 9th Kopad.iH bctp1>th.ih Typepidii (Jkiote h coBepmeHHO iiCTpe6H.au ero (1770 r.): H3E Bcero aroro <J).ao-

Ta, cocToaBHiaro hbe 22 cyflOBE, ynIi.rLn, ,nmii> ojuihe Kopa6.iL,

a,a IITOTE 6lJ.lE B3ETE PyCCEHMH. BE9T0TE CJIilBIILlii ^.lil Pocciii

iipin, HanaarcTBOBajiE ea Eopa6.aaim tote caMiifi: OpaoBE, eo- Topiifi 3a BOceML eIite upe^E t1;me HpiiBe.SE EEaTepHHy BE neiep6yprE ;a.ia npoB03rjiaineHia ea HMirepaTpiipefi. 3a no- 6ip,y cłjoio ohe 6hjie HaiiMeHOBaHE L1 e c m e h c k u me, tukę

y OCrL 9thxi. CaaBańaxE,—Bojirapaxt h Cep6axł>, CMOTpii llma.ió

Pycu, a o rpeaecKOMi) iiapcrBli h noKopeniu ero TypKiiMii cm. Mocnea

11

BaKT. Typeipift (|)Jiott. Ohze ncTpeOzeHa be sazm i, nasaiBae- KOMB HeCMeHCKHME *).

IIohthbi» TO-aie Bpeiia u cyxonyTiiaa apiria pyccsaa ojep-

.Ea Ul ;lirli cJiaBHŁia noóijai. 9Ta apaia Oaiza HeBezHEa,—Bcero ejpa be 20,000 aezoBisa; ho eio naaazacTBOBaza 3HaM6Hii-

THt b o w PyaairpeBB. Gira noBeza CBoe bohceo npaao ki,

lyiiaio. Ba HicEOZEEHxa jecaTEaxa Bepcrra OTa 9tom piisii Ha

Hero EHjaeTca jo 80,000 Tarapa. PyaaHpeBa ocTaHaBJiHBaeTa

cbohhojekh, oTpajKaeTa HanajeHie h aartaa ycTpeaiaeTa axa

Ha HenpiaTeaa. Ba hIjceozbeo aacoBa 6of óaiza KonacHa: Ta-

TapH ótaizn, ocTHBHBa cboh oOosa ii óozie 30 nyineEa.

laBa oijoxHyTB CBOHMa cozjaTaaa, PymaHneBa Bejeia h x b

jazie. Ha caao.ua óepery ftyflaa, npn BnajeHiii Ba nero pia-

kh Karyza naxojHZOca 150,000 Typoua, tozbkohto nepenpa-

bhbhihxch na 9T0ia óepera. HozTopacTa THcaaa Ty pora h

EaKHxa HHÓyja ceunajiuiTB Tarcaaa PyccEHxa (b e npejmecT-

BysimeMa óoio h Ha noxoji aorzo beiOhtl h3h CTpoa jo 3,000

HezoBiica),—HecopasiiipnocTB cTpanmaa! Ho PyMHimeBH co- odpaBiiza, hto oTCTynaia Ba BHjy Tasoro MHorouHCzeHHaro

ne-

npiaTeza ein,e onacHie, aiMa npaMO y ja p ira na Hero. 21-ro iioza 1770 roją jo pascBiia ona nomBHza cboio HeOozamyio apniio Ba pyacae, pa3jiznza ee Ha naTa aacTefi hzh Eappeena h noBeza Ha HenpiaTeza. Eaaa tozleo B3onizo coznpe h Typ-

EH 3aiiiTHZH HpnOzHJKeme PyManiieBa, Tozna BcajnHEOBa eh- nyzaca Ha BCTpiay eay h oóxBaTHza co Bcixa ciopoiia ero

Eappei. Ho 9th CTpofiHne, nzoTHHe Eappeii npojoza;azii czi-

joBaTa, He odpanpur BHioiaHia Ha BOZHOBaBmHxca BEpyra HHxa BcajHiiEOBa,—tohho nara EopaOzefi, nzHByii],Hxa no oyp-

HOMy Mops). Bote cTaza BHjeHa iiTypemdft CTana, oOuecen- HHfi OEonaiiH; bote HanmaioTa jozeiaTa ajpa,—a rappen h

->) 9toti> sa.uiiBTj Haxo^HTca npwMtpiio na nojtB-nyTH H3B KoHCTaH-

thhoiiojih bb IepycaraMB. MHorie H3B pyccEiixB OoroMOJitpeBi, upot r.Ka-

12

pyTE ne ociaiiaifjmuaaci,. BppyrE ii.ii.iiJM OTpapE TypepKHXE HfeOTHHpeBE, CEptlTHH BE .1011 i,!!!! li, KIipaCTCH Ha PyCCEHXE; 9to HeoacHpaHHoe Hanapeme paacTpoHJio o.iioj i> hse hhth Eap-

peeBE. PyHanpeBE bhphte oto, neceica Typa bobcio npuTE CBoero eoiih m B03CTaH0BaaeTE nopapOEE. 3arivŁjn. ohe CHOBa npHEa3HBaeTE hpth BnepepE Ha caMEie OEonu, ..ii mh,—hh-

ca.iE oni. roeypapiJHij, — ypapnan bobciomohl Ha MeHE ho-

roHB Typepidt“.

Bot 6ij.IT) HenpopoMHTeaeHE; onpoEHHyTHe, c6iiTHe Typ- eh nycTH.THCB na yxo,T, [.; ho na nyTii hxe6u,it. JJjHai,—hohh

rn6jm be iieME MaccaMH. BecE TypepEit 0603E, naaaTEH, Ea3- Ha h 130 nyineEE pociaaocr. ModiipHTejraME.

/(Ba ropa eipe n])opo,i;Ka.iacE Botna nocat’ EaryjiBCuaro cpajKenia. EiaiTepima hKjceojieeo pa3E npepaarajra aorpE, ho cyjnam. ynopcTBOBa.iE. EohmmjiocetIsme, hto apuia PyaraH- pesa pocTiiraa Eaa KaucKHxE ropE, 3a eohmh HaxopHTca cya- TaHCEaa CTOJinpa, KoHCTaHTHHonoaL.

Torpa cyaiaHE miEonepE muiE npocHTE nnpa, ii ohe

6elie eny paiiE, hona TaacEHxrr> pan nero ycJiOBiaxE. Ohe poa- aceHE 6eijie ycTynHTE Poccin obcte HBiniinmei XepconcEot ry- 6epHin (lipHHapjieaiaBHiet Torpa cyjiTaHCEOMy noppyHHHKy, EpijMCEoay xaHy 1) po Btepimro Mopa, paspliiniiTE pyccEHME

H HHOCTpaHHHME EyilCTieCEHJIE KOpaO.IHME CBOOopHO MOBaTL no 9T0My Mopio, Eypa ohe npeispe ne uponycEaaE hh opnoro cypHa, h npepocTaBHTE Poccin noEpoBHTeaBCTBO napa, bcŁmii epraroBlipiruMM e t xpHCTianaara, npoaciiBaBmHMH be ero B.ra- prM axE (1774 r.).

Taaceao, Eoiieano, 6ij.jop.ia Typepraro rocypapa cpiiJMTE Bel; 9TH ycTynEH; 3a TO oirli poeraBiuni 6o.jEiina behopei Poc-

ciii, pa ii hoopnol Poccin. Typepaie Caap.ane hrpeicii 6.iaro- chobhjih noCiipij OpaoBa hPyaraHpeBa, h6onoEpoBHTejiECTBO

13

Poccin o6.iertrii.io nxu cypudy, Eoiopaa duma eipe xyase, nfeiu cypuda PyccEHXu, HaxopHBmiixca iro;i, r. BJiacTiio H o m im i,

He duuin 3a6nTH EEaTepHHoi u w k Pyccsie, aeTHpecTa z t o TOMHBmieca irory r ayjKo® BjracTiio. Ona iipnHynir.ia Hojib- niy B03BpaTHTB Poccin CTapHHnyio pyccEyio o6jiacTB Bi.iopycciio cu ropopaim BmedcEOMU, IIojiopkomu h MHormH trpyrrom (1772 r.).

9to 6hjio npopojEKemeMu „codnpaHia PyccEoi serum EOTopoe naaa.Tu Hisanu III n MocEOBCEie papu. 9thpapn co- 6Hpa.in „nopu cboh) pyry" MeaEie ypiaii, auorpa o mi 6li.ui co- dpami Bci po epimaro, ponura onepepu u po odaacTei humiixu. nopnaBniiixT> ntriorpa nopT, iiH03eMHyH) bjpictb. Hau nncjia 9tiixt> o6jiacTeir nepBOio B03BpaTiuiacE Maaopoccia 1), 3a nero ycTi.a HeBEi n npiidpeaiua ((niiicida n daJiTiicida 2). hotomb Biaopyccia, a BCJiipu 3a nero, Eauu CEopo yBirpioru, n ppyria ppeBHia pyccEia o6jmcth.

Et, HecaacTiio Hojii,nm bu piaa ea Birimajmcu ppyrie ea cocipii,—npyccia u ABCipia. Ilojiusydcu t1»mu. etobcj; ea ch.ili 6ldih 3aiiaTH Bofiiioio ct, PoecicM, oirl, desu oduaBJienia BoflHH, desu BuicTpliJia 3aHajiH HłcEoauEO ea odaacTei u odua- BH.TH

HXU

CBOeiO COdCTBeHHOCTLTO.

9to Ha3HBaioTu n e p B H i u p a s p i a o i n u n o j i u m i i .

Ho, nosa PyManpeisu n Op.iroBu opepamBaan nodipur na cy­

nii

h

na aiopi, Taaceana dipn cipacaiicr, napu Pocciei. 9

thxu

dipu 6

hjio

psi: nysia

ii

HyraneBiipina.

CTpanmaa doafem, Ha3HBaenaa nyaroi, noaBaaeTca mini,

poBoauHO pipso;

hoctoh

doaume aiiu Tony na3apu ona

cbh

-

pincTBOBaaa

cjuiliio

. B

u

Typpiit duuio, Moamo CEa3aTt, ea pap-

ctbo

; oTiypa OHa Bpimaacu

ii bu

ppyria cipami.

•

Bo Bpeaia

bohhh

, o EOTopoi pascEasano

Bumie, bu

rypep- *

*

)

ł) C

m

.

Bo3coeduHenie Ma.iopocciu.

14

epxe

BOHCKaxrB ofeapyMiacŁ nyMa; OTiypa ona nepenraa

bt,

pyccEyro apMiio; a

thee

EaEE

ee

apiiin, pasyiieTca,

6

e

3

npecTan-

ho

nojpcopaTE

0603

H

cemvkoh, obcome,

MynjpipaMH, opyarieME

h t.

n.,

to

aepesE o

6

paTHHXE

hsboipheobe,

nepe

3

E paH

6

HBixE,

OTnpaBJiaeMHXE

be

pa

3

HHHHHe rocniraaaH, aepe

3

E EypEepoBE,

nocHJiae.MHXE

eo

.popy

ce

;ioueceniioni, ayaia iipoaiiEJa

be

Pocciio. rrociiimiLiii ycTpoiiTE aacTćiBH, Ha

eohxe

OEypHBaaa

ne

tojibeo

Beipa, CHipoBaBwia

ce

rora, no

h

aropeft, pasę nncBMa

h

poHecenia;

hhhto

ne noMoraao; ayara

3

axBa.Tnaa noaE-Pocciir.

Ho HHrpli 0Ha He CBiipśncTBOBaaa ce Tasoio .hotoctbio

EHEE BE MoCKbIi; 6HJIH PHH, HTO IipH TOrpaillHeME He3HaHHTC.II)- Home iiacejieiiiH btohctomhph yMiipaao ;to 700 HcaoBlsKE be

pena, h CTpanrHaa 6oa$3HB 9ria npopoasaaacB be Moceb^ pt-

a n t ropE, xote Eoueano ne ce o^uhreoboh cnaoio. CaMHfi CHaLHHH pasrapE ea 6h.ie bo Bpeaa a$THHXE sapoLE. HapopE oOcbymIsheote ysaca; Bpanei ohe

nopo3p$BaaE

be OTpaBaemn hmhoihxe ii3e hhxe h3(iilte; dynTOBaancB npoTHBE Kanaan-

CTBa, EOTopoe ynpespaao 6oai.Hnuh h H3E npepocToposHocra npHEasHBaao senn opespy 3anyMaeHHHXE. ToaiiLi irecHacT- HHXE OtacaaiT BE pepEBH, EE HypOTBOpHEIME HEOHaME, Moaa o cnacemu; hobe TicHOTi ophhe

sapaaieHHHftnepepaBaan

sapa-

3y MHOrHME. H MOPE ycnai Baaca.

HMnepaTpiipa npucaaaa be MocEBy aioOiiMMmaro ii3E cbohxe BeaLMoaiE, OpaoBa, 6paTa necMencEaro noOi^HToaa.

Mtpni, EOTopna ohe upimaaE, a eni;e doaśe HacTynHBniie oceH- Hie Mopo3H npeEpaTiiaii iniEoiiepE oto CTpaninoe dipcTBie, odonieprnce, EaEE cEa3aH0, noaB-Poccin.

3a nyMoio

ecTecTBeimo HacTyniiaE

roaopE:

nepenyraH-

hhme

aioyaME

6i.iao

He

po

noaeBBixE

paÓOTE,

a

bomhothxe

MicTaxE nesoMy 6nao h

padoTaTB.

EpBa EOHHHaocB

9to

HecHacTie, EaEE noaBHaca caM

03

Ba-

HepE, CMyTHBUiiii

mhoi i cothhtbichhe

irapopa

p hphhhhhb-

rniił

HeiicHiicaioioe

3

ao.

CaMoaBaiipij noaBa

aircB

be Poccin h npespe. TaEEBEpaB-

15

cHHa napa HBasa IY-ro h H3BtoeHB noja HMeneMB iie - ^niTpia 1). JJpyrie BBi^aBajrir ceda 3a aapesiraa AneEcia, cli- hb Heipa Beiniaro. IIbiijicb HaEOHepB HeaoBŚEB, EOTopuft na-

SBaaca HimepaTopoMB neipoMB OtyjopoMiyeMB, cynpyroMB EEaTepHHH.

9totb £ep3Eift odMampHEE 6bijie noucEort lam ia E51e.11,- hhb HyraaeBB.

3a

caMOBOJiBHBia oTjryHEM h bopobctbo ohb óbuib apecTOiiaHB h no^B eohbocmb oinpaBJieHB eb cyny. j\o-

porofi

eMy

yyaiocB

ydśJKaTE.

Hya

to CTenBio, tojtŁcomb, ho-

^ya to no^B otephthme hoóomb, to y nodpiiXE jnojeft, hh-

TaacB mPmb

nonaio,

ohb

npodpaaca

cb

ftoHa

3a

^HinpB,

bb

aeMas,

npHHan.ieffiaBHria

Torya JIojibiii'},. Tombohb to;e6

npo-

^OjIHCaiB CEIITaTBCa; ÓHJIB BB paCEOJIEHHHBHXB 1 2) CEHTaXB, BB TaEB na3HBaeMHXB

CiaponydcEircB

cjro6oyaxB h

na

JMteIe

HaEonepB 3aviy>iajiE ohb

BepHyiBca

bb

Pocciio.

Mbicjie o tomb nonajiB eMy ysa3B HMnepaTpHpn, EOTonaa BH3HBaaa

BCrfex,i> dtrjiHXB PyccEHXB h odiipajia hmb 3eMaio h

nocodie

ji,aa oo3aBe^eiiia. To.ibeo

IlyrayeBB Bepnyaca

bb

Pocciio ne

no^B cbohmb HMeneMB, TaEB EaEB ohb

em,e no nodśra

3

a rpa-

HHn;y cocToa.iB acyi, cynoMB.

Ha

norpaHHHHOMB E o p y o n i eMy npmnaocB npodHTB

ntc.

EO.IBKO n e y i.iB . 3yi>CB bctp'I>th.tch ohb cbhśeIhmb EynpoMB H3B paCEOaBHHEOBB, EOTOpBTfi Iiailie.IB BB H6MB CXO^CTBO CB HOEOflHBLMB HMHepaTOpOMB HeTpOMB III H IIOCOIlliTOBaJIB Hy- ra n eB y hphhhtb ero hmh,

CTynafi na

Hheb 3) roBopnjiB ohb;

TaMoniHie

Ea3a- eh

npHT'I;cHeHH:

oSbhbhcb hmb —ohh

Teda npHMyTB,

TaEB h c^IsaaiB IlyraneBB, Ohb nponrejiB bck Pocciio

nonepeEB, cb Jlprlirpa na T paiB, BLrnaBaa ceda 3a pacEOJiBHH-

Ea H BC3A* BCTpfeiaa iipiTOTB H HOMO!!!,], CO CTOpOHH paCEO.IB-

hheobb. He B^aacE'1; otb HiipEaro ropo^Ea ctohjib oynnoniii

1) Cm. CMymuoe Bjjumsi.

.~) ^ Ea Hhkł hbihE ypajit; anu;Koe boScko— ypantcKoe bohcko ii HHaKlH TOpO^OKt—YpaUBCKT,.

16

yMGTT) (xyiopB);

xo3anaB 9Toro ymeTa óemb

saaEOMB Ily-

raneoy.

—

Eto,

E

mojibjjbb

, enpocajiB oni, OTnymeaB B3B no,a,E

Eapayaa?

— 11'liT'i), cana

yraejiE.

]I

o

3

bojib

y Teda ao Bpeaeaa

no-MTB.

— }Ebbb; a maoro podpada Jiropea cEpaiBajra.

9totb

yMeT'

1

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KOTOpOe ^'liilCTBHTeJILHO IIpTITiiCIIiLIO Ea3aEOBB.

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— CoÓHpaftcn, npaBOCJiaBHEie, et, papro-óaTionndf},—my-

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CrbCTB Ha EOHet.

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h ynpaBJWTB óoeaiB.

HeoiEH^anno, ereb culirj, na roroey, H areTto ohb Ha

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nyuiKOio, EiiHY.TCii ohb na spyryio, na TpeTBio. Toma ero

CTara yiienraiisaTECH; hohbhjiocb y nero lrfccEorBEO nyuieEB; MO.iBa nomra o hcmbho Bceay Epaio.

9to c.iyaiLiocB bt> 1773 ropy, bb to BpeMir, icorpa hohtii bcm pyccEaa

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IIoaTony

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18

ryjiaipie KasaKH, Knpnmi, KaaMHKH, EamKHpii, KpecTBane, iipmnrcaHHHe kt. 3aBopaMB, eohxb mhotobb toh: CToponi;. Op- hhxb Maniura BO-iLiiiipa h napeaipa na nojEHBy; ppyrie Bipn- hh, tito nyraneBB papB hcthhbiS. Ohb bc4mbcyjranB bojebd, narpapBi h nonecTH, Korpa,— roBopnnB ohb,—„a capy Ha npe- CTOHB M0IIXB npepKOBB H 3anpy BB HOHaCTHpB HiCHY, ICOTOpaa XOTŚJia H3BeCTH M6HH“.

Cb 9THMB HeCTpoilHLIHB, HO M H 0 r O HH C Jl 6 HIILIM B CÓpOpOMB ohb nepeniejiB nepesB pisy Kairy, Kmiypca Ha Ka3aHL, orpa- 6h.ib h BBiacerB ee h ihitIime noiaHynca kb HiDKHCMy IIoBro- popy. CaynanocB, hto B otm , HacKopo codpamma npoTHBB

nero, HaHocHHH eMy nopajKeme; TOJina ero pa3diira;iacB; ho,

irrrir pBa-TpH CHyCTH, HOBHil TBICHHH JOOpet HBJLHJIHCL KB He- My, h pep3Ei.H caM03BaHonp> rpo3HHB hpth na MociBy, cojEHraaB

no popori ropowa h noirfenpiHLH ycapLdH, BtinajiB u;apcKHXB

BoeBopB, caamjiB na kojib pbophhb, cpnpajiB icoajy cb cbh- ipeHHHKOBB, EOTopLie He corjiainajiHCB nim. eny papcEie mo-

jieÓHH....

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Jlyrraa, n HyrancBy npHnr.iocB hsb nopB BaapHMipa HOBep-

HyTB Ha3apB. IIpndnjiB H3B apiiin h3HaMeHHTBii renepajiB

CyBopoBB. Ohb HacTHrB dyHTOBipHHBio TOHHy h pascta.iB ee

npaxoHB. IlyraneBB cbhIsckojibehmh pecaTEaira: Ka3aKOBB eh-

Hyjica t a ohhtb Ha YpajiB; ho TOBapHnpr ero, BHpa, htohxb

prLi.o Eonneno, cainr Ei.Tpa.iH CBoero Muraiaro papa.

Ohb óhhb npHB63eHB bb MocEBy bb KJilmd;, EaiiB pHsift

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ero HOMOIU,HHEOBB.

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19

c^acMHBaro Baranina, npojiomaBnieeca .pfcHajfflaTB a t o .

H

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Mipn ke Tomy, hto6li 6e3E hobhxe BoiiHE npiodpicra óepera HepHaro Mopa.

Ce aaBHiKE aliTE no Boari, naarmaa ce Kasami, no cie- naME, KOTOpEia pascraaaioTca ote Eacniftcnaro aopa p Hep-

Haro, n na Ephmceome iroayocTpojiii nacTiio Koneuaan, a nacTiio

acnan ociipo TarapEL Y hhxe faao Tpn orataBHHH papcTBa: EasancEoe, AcrrpaxaHCEoe n EpsiMCEoe; nepBEia p a noicopn.iE eipe llBaiiE BacMEOBniE rp o m in 1), a EpHMesoe napciBO nań x a hc tb o em,e CToaao.

EpHMCEit XaHE ÓEI.IE 6e3HOEOHHEIME JpIH HaCE COfit.aOME.

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3a

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mecTBeHHofi rocy^apuiiH, EOTopaa Hodfcpaa caaaro cymaHa*

20

JJjMaJIH iriCKOJILKO Jtt.TE II BaE0HeE,E E0EP0HEPECB CBOHME Il,apCTBOME EKaTOTiMirL

XanrL ypanEaca

be Pocciio h aamun, na cecte papoBaa-

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ciii, u 8to

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e TO-iKC canoe Bpena npH3aaao napa. eodoio BaacTL Poc- cis

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u dpa-

an p ast ce Ppy3HECEHXE papeft, a pnrde Eapopu, odiiTaBEiie be EaBEa3CEEXE ropaxE, coCiEpaacb ote BpeneEE po BpeneiiE

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TaEE

ace,

ieike EpiiMCEie Taiapii, EpopaBana hxebe bcbo.tio

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B

e siEOTopHXE ropopaxE EptracEaro nozyocT- p0Ba, a TUE/KC BE ni)CE0.iLEiiXE ropo;ia,XE EaBEa3CEaro iipndpe- iKta x r a s ocodiie cayimoiiiii EeaoBiEecEaro TOBapa; oee 3a

pemeByio p isy EOEynaaH eje6eeeeobe y Ephmę6be iioc.eB Eaacparo sadira na Pocciio, ehe HojiEniy,

a

y EaBEa3ciaixE rop-

u;eBE nocni nadira na rpy3iio, heotome ce dapumeMB npopa-

Baan EyEipiME, Epii3acaBEiHME E3E Typnin. 9texe EecaaCT-

HLIXE IiI.IBOJIE.TB Ea dasapE EyEaMHJ EOEyEEptKH OCMaipEBa- JIH HXE, KćlEE OCMaTpiIIiaiOTE CEOTEIiy, IipiIBOpeEByiO pną Epo- J^aaai: paapiBann po nara, 3acTaE.1a.Tir iixe EopuioiaiE pysn h

EorE, etoÓe ydiipETEca. etooeii unapiioTE bthme EnesaMH, paCEpEIBa.UI EXE P0TE, ETOdE yJiiipJITT.Ca. IICEpaBEI.r-.TE y EHXE 3ydH, omyflHBaair, padu y3EaTi,, EpiEEO jihexe Tino, h 3a- TiME, TixE, eotophxe noEyEann p.ia OTEpriBEH BE Typpiio, iiarpyaiE.TE na Eopadm., 11 bt, KoECTaitTEBouojri; 11 ppyrrrxE

TypepEHXE ropopaxE, BHBepa toeeo TaEate na dasapE, nepe-

Epopa Ba.ur cbobe.

21

KpHMCKoe xancTBO h rp y sia nOflHHHHancB Poccm. ToproBaa upeK|)iiTiLi<icL, 3a to naaaaacB spyraa ToproBaa,—

ToproBia HenoeTOHaa. Hao;a;oHOCHaa HoBopoceia CTaaa ónc- ipo 3acejiaTŁca BHxowaMH H3B Biiyi]ieiriinxri, ryóepnifi h ot-

aacTH H3B apyrBKT. rocyaapcTBB; omt sadrsaan nnieminy, pas- Boji,u.in OBepB, a Ha irpiift]>e;et.hx r> EpHiiciaro noayocTpoBa

cajEaan runrorpapB; no3jirri;o naaa.ini ycTpaiiBaTBca (|)adpiiKii h

saBO^Bi, eotoptjxb iilihI; HacaiTEiBaiOTB bb HosopocciiCEOMB

Kp a i 6o.ri;c bocbmhcotb,—a naEOHepB h crponTBea areafeHBia floporil, HO EOTOpHMB lie TO.IBEO H3B pa3IIBEXB OaCTCH HOBO- poccin, hohhsb0Tjr,aaeHHEixB ryÓepHii ho,p o3htcheb caiioMy MopcEOMy óepery x.d;dB, ceotb, caao, niepcTB, aircB, aeuB, cht- ę h h np. npojpuEH 3arpamiTi,eH. Cb spyrofi ctopohh, H3B

IlTaain, <[»pamj,iH, Aiirain, saate H3B AmepHEii eiL'Cri,HCimo noa- XOrHHTB EB HaniHMB H6pH0M0pCEHMB ÓeperaMB EO padali CB Tpy- 3aMH EaiaeHHaro yraa, eysoHB, HieaEOBBixB Maiepifi, xaomta,

h cb 9thxb Eopadaeft crpyjEaeTca na deperB ii narpyaeaeTca Ha hhxb cb depera Bcararo popyt TOBapoBB Ha imorie pecaTEH

MH.uiioiroBB. Eaaropapa 9tohjkheoh ToproBjrli, na deperaxB

Bepiiaro h A30BCEaro MopeE odpa30BaaocB ntcEoaBico do.iB- HIHXB II ÓOraTBDLB TOpOflOBB, H3B EOTOpHXB OpeCCa H POCTOBB H3BtCTHH BCeMy CBrJlTy.

TaEB-TO IipOH,Brl)JlB 9TOTB Epafi BB Hpopoa^eme HeBCTyHHO 100 jI.tb, BomejcniH bb cocthbb Pyccaaro rocypopcTBa. Ebic- Tpo HecacB bb BaroHt no ero paBHHHaiiB cpojjrii noaefi bojioth-

CTOft HHieHHHiEI, BH^a, EHEB MGJIBEaiOTB HO CTOpOH&MB TOpOfta H odiinipHMJi ceaa, ne BipiiTca. hto TaEB em,e HepaBiio diiaa aptcE jHEaa nycTHHa, ii daarocaoBaaeniE EraTepimy, EOTopaa no.ro- iKir.ia iraaaao ero BOspoapperiiF). A Maaopoccia, a sypcsaa h

opjioBCEaa ryóepniir. dBiBmia po EEaTepHHH OEpamiaMH, cmc-

jKhbdih cb TaiapcEHMH EoaeBBaMii.—noraH-aB orrl; iipourrf.cTH,

ecM-ÓB Taiapir lrpoponiEaaH rocnopcTEOBaTB Jia;r;i> iobhbimh

CTenaMH? llHEorpa aptcr, He dnao Obi doai,rrmxE ropopoBB,

eheb lapBEOBB, hjih BoponeaiB; ne dnao Obi 3Ke.rt3in.ixB po- porB; He t a o 6h hh ToproEan, hh 3eMaep$aia, noTOMy hto

22

TaiapcEie HaÓirn

bb

CTapne rosa npocTHpaaHCB po cairoft

M

ooebh

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óltjit.

3HaMeHHTBifi Ho-

tomehhb, iiojjyyiiBUiit

sa

to TiiiyjiB

EM3B TaBpHnecEaro.

Ohb óbdibchhb neOoraTaro puopaimna n OTanaaaca be

MoaopocTH so^rliaaTCJiLHot EpacoTOio, óoaLinoio aiHBio h neo-

6m£HOBeHHBDm cirocoóiioeraMH. EMy pociaTOMiio (Ilijio caer-

Ea upocmotp itl EHHry, bto6b ysuaiŁ ii naBcerpa 3auoMiiiiTB

ea copepacame; TpyjpiTEca nocToanno ohb He moce; p ian e phh h paiice Hepian HHaero He piaaaB, itjiii OTpaBaaca myMHHMB pa3B.TeiieniaMB; ho 3a to, Baaiami cb 3a piao, ohbbb nicEoaBEO

nacoBB poronaaB ii paiEe odroaaaB cbohxe TOBapmpeft. Cpi-

aaBHiHCL aioSuMneiyn. TocypapBiHH, ohb ypiiBaaaB BecB pbopb

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Hpopoaaceifie pisaapaTH aiiE hh Ha bto BaiEHoe He piinaaacL,

He HOCOBiTOBaBHIHCB CB HIIMB. ErO pi^EO BlliptailIIIiaMOEilEB na óaaaxB h of)ij];axE; Ti, eotopbimb ypaBaaocL ólitl npmia-

tltmb HoieiiEHHHMB y ce6a, aoaa, no (Joannien aacTii 3acrra- Baaii ero iiair laiaaioipiiMca na aiiBani, Hoaypa3piTmiB, iiair nepe6HpaioH[,JoiB cboh (IpiiaiauTEi;

a

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na MicTo, ohb aamiMaaca, Ea3aaocB, ToaBEo ycTpotcTBOMB

npa3ji;HHEOBB: hheto He 3HaaB, aro cb 3a#Haro Epuatpa eb ne-

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28

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Hapo,n;B HaninajrE, ebeb CEaaano, CTCEaTBca bb Horopoc*

cificKifi ip a f ; B03HHEajiM xyTopa, ce.ra, ropowa. Bb lepcoirb

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ero noEopenia.

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Eopadjin MoryTB bb .pa - rpa p a nepeBesTM tbicbhb 10-20

pyccKMXB copaiB n o p ct$hh EoncTamaiiroiio.iii; a KaryjiB-

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cyppcTBO rpenecEoe, to rocyppcTBO, OTEyp noayaHaH mh

yaciiie XpHcra. Ho p y r ia ppm am nonrliniaiH HcnojiHeHiio 9Toro HaMipema. BnpoaeMB m BTopaa Typeipaa Boftna, bb

EOTopoii npocaaBHancB sjiaMeHHTBiił CyropoBB m d y p p ift no-

ó lip iea r (I*pauii;y30BB — KyTy30BB, OEOHHHaacB He desBBiropo p a hocb: mbt npiodpiaH ocTaaBHyio aaciB iiBriiliimieft xepcoH- ceoh ryóepniH, Ty, r a i HaxopTca Opeca.

2 4

M o r m i e s a d i m n o i e p n E i i J i o p y c c i n , n p n n e p B O M E H3B i c T iH o pasM O JiB E Ś c y j m n a ce T f u r n e p a T p i i p e i ł B C T p e n e H y jiH C E h ho- .lO iE H Jiii B o o p y a a i T f . B c e E o p o a e B C T B o . I I o be to ace c a m o e B p e - M a B C i p e n e i r y j n i c L h n p a B o c a a B H B ie E p e c T B a H e n a Y s p a i i i i l i . „ H a n i e t E M n e p a T p a p i , — r o B o p n a n ohh n o e ^ i i n o B i i p i i o ce

n e r o , — T y p o E B B o f tii y oSebbejte; n a ; p j mojottlce, hto6eT o c n o ^ B j a p o B a a E e f t n o f r ly i y ." ' H e jiro fto 6m,io c i B i m a T E otom m a M E ! Oh h JEecTOEO n a iu iO H iu L iii E p ec T E H H E , ó p a j m iio;i;e C T p a a c y n p a - B o c jra B H B ix E C B a m e n m iE O B E , a p e c T O B a a n o c h o t o p y c c s a r o a p x i e p e a h T p e d o B a a n , htoOb B o f i n a d n i a i i e M e ^ j i e n i i o n a n a T a . Oh h B O O ^ p aiK a air, htoH e n o B H H O B e n ie hxe E p e c T B a H E 6m o / $ - HOME P y c c E o f l H a n e p a T p i i i p a . H o i i T e n e p B , E a E E B c e iy ia , aiejK- M n a H a M H H e óhjioe i / i m o a y i i i i a . H & K O TopB ie H 3 E hhxe, H a - C E y a H B E n e y p j y p n i . e i , o S p a r n i H C B eeE i c a T e p i m i cen p o c B d o t n p H c a a T B bohceom i hxe 3a n p i T E i . Be oto B p e a r a bohimH a ­ n i a ceT y p E a a iH d n i a y a e o K O H ie iia , a n o T O M y H a m e p a T p H n a n p H E a e a j i a cbohmen o jiE a a iB n p a a i o ce J ly iu u i n o B e p iiy T B be

H o j i o a i i o . S a E H n l i j n i n a H C E ia bohobel Hto oto 3a E o p o a s , — E p H i a a n n a c e t M H E a x E — E O T o p n t n o3B o a a e T E M o c E a a a a i E B C T y n aT B be CBoe r o c y ji a p c T B o !

H o

tome, htootote eopo.il n e I D l i e T E B ia C T H II BOHCEa, OHH He TO BO piLIH. CbohmhE p i i E a i i n H y r p o3a i i H ohhtoibeoi i a i r y r a j i H E o p o a a ; ohehochEihhjieh c a a iB , E a E E 3a 20 jeŁte n e p e j i E T i a r a , CTaTB ho;ie a a i m i T y p y c c E H X E B o ftc E E . Be E o p o T E o e B p e a i a E p o B o n p o j n i T i e , n a n a B i n e e c a 6l u o be n o H B n r i , O L iao n p e E p a i p e n o h b o3c rr a n ob.i b h e n o p a ^ O E E . H o H a i n e p a i p u n a 3a cboio hohohib n o i p e d o B a i a y c T y n E H E ic B - in,HHH I l o i o . i i i r , Boibihhh Ho ji$c b h. 9t o 6b i.i h o h j i t b T a ic n C T apH H H E ra p y c c s i a o o i a c n i c e

JipeB H H M H pyCCEHM H TO pO ^aM H — B iajIH M ip O M E -B o aE IH C E H M E , O B p y n e M E , T y p o B o a iE h n p . , c e H a c e . i e n i e a i E n p a B o c a a B H a r o H C H O B is^aH ia. 9t o Ob i j i h T i c a a n j s r o d i a c i n , E O T o p n a n o c n i B B e ^ e n i a Y n i i n e n e p e c T a s a i H O T C T an B aiB j a a c e B o o p y i c e i n i o i o p y E O io c b o io H p a p o jiH T e .iL C E y to i r i i p y h h o i u i o b h o B03C T a B a a n boB p e n e H a X a re n E H H n ;E a ro . H o T a E E ace E a E E 20 jeŁt e n e p e j i E t ś m e, n c p o B i c o a i E P o c c i n

2 5

gajj-B IloaBmen nocntnfflan BOcnoaBSOBaTBea upyrie eoctAH IIohbhih. ITpyccia npncBonaa HtcEoaBEO CTapnHHBixB, Kopen

HHxb noaBCEHXB odaacTen n nkEoaBEO iptTyiUHiB ropoAOBB, EaEBnanpHMtpB ^anunrB (nan rAaHCEB) — oahhbhsb Baamtt-

fflHXB TOprOBHXrt TOpOAOBB Ha EaaTiftCKOMT, Mopt. 9to

dnaB

B T o p o f i p

a 3

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EKaTepHHa ioitaa cnacTanBErfi ;pipi. uaxo,n,iiTB aoctoI- hhx% cedt coTpyAHHKOBB; jih 3 mion. yne PyManpeBa, Opaosa, IIoTeMKHHa; ocTaerca citaaaTB eipe o CyBopoBt.

Bet

y

nacT, caHxaan npo CyBopoBa; caHxaan, hto onrB 5Bia i. Beamdfi ay i,ain», aro neptAEO ohb dyAHHB coaAaTHEOBB cbohxb He SapadaHiiBTMT) doeMB,

a

epheomb Ey-sy-pe-sy, hto

oAHamABi, Kor;i,a y nero noipedoBaan odBacHenia, Kain. ohb na- Mtpein. AttcTBOBaTB npoTHBB HenpiaTeaa, EyAa notAOTB, eheb

cTancTB cpaiKaTBca, CyBopoBB nocaaaB bb sanenaTaiinoMB

KOHBeprt aiiCTB dtaoft dyiiari; ifflorie 3HaioTB, hto ohb ho

piypo aBaaaca nepe^B boSceohb bb pydaxt, de3B MyiiAnpa;

hto oAHajE^Bi ohb npirtxaaB bo ABopepB co cnycthbuihmch cb

OAHo t nom ayaEOMB ’). IIo neMHorie 3HaioTB. hto Bet 9tii

ay^anecTBa CyBopoBB nanycsaaB Ha ceda h hto noMHMO hxb

9T0 duaB aeaoBtEB HeodHEHOBeHHBtfi, oahhb H3B nepBBiXB

BOiKAcń CBoero BpeneHn. Ile 3a nyAanecTBa a:e bbcomomb At-

a t BoficEa TaEB aiodnaii ero, hto paAH duan aa Hero bb obohb h boay.

jj^oaro ne Be3aa eay cayacda; TOBapnnj,n odro mian ero hh- Hanii ii SHanann OTannia; ohb TepntaB, ynnaca h aamiMaacH cboiimb noasoMB; ynnaB coaAaTB CTptaaTB, EoaoTB, OAnoiiy cb

TponMii cnpaBaaTBca, xoahtb no 70 BepcTB bb a^hb, xoahtb

„CyBopoBCEHMB inaroMB.“ Bb TO-ire Bpenia ohb BHHEaaB bo Bet nyjEABi coaAaTB' n caMB odynaaB hxb Atreń rpaMOTt. * 4

i) Br. rfe BpeMena bo ^aopeipr. npitssa.iH fie bb caiiorast, a bb aya K;m . vi 6amMaKax7., raTaiiH we ua/i,f.i)ajni KopoTKie, ’iy n , trawę kojiI.ht..

26

HacTyniLio BoeiiHoe Bpeaia; coji^aTH Oo/ijio nortuiH sa cbohmb

„OTĘOMB CyBOpOBHM'Ł,u—H OHB HOBeJEB IIXT> OTB UOG^M KB no6rIi^rJfe. HenpiaTe.iL nojiaraeTB CyBopoBa 3a 100 sepcTB,—a CyBopoBB yjKe najieTto Ha Hero co cbohmh „My^o-OoraTEipH- mh.“ Hh ropn, hh Jiica, hh Oojiora—iihhto ero iie ocTanaBJiH-

BaeTB. O^najK^H, npii nepexo^,ii apesB cHiroBEia ropa bb

IIlBeftpapin, bhOhbhihcl H3B chjib, rojioiiiiEie h oporna otb xo-

Jio.ny, coji^aiBi crajin: h4tb chjibh^th! „Konali: Mirt Moruzy!

KpnKHyjiB CyBopoBB; a ne xony dojri.ine cayiEim, cb BaMH.

3apHBafi Mena bb 3eMaio!“ II boIckohoihjioh nopenuio 9th

a^ciia ropn. Bb .upyroft pa3B, bb 6ok „ay^o-OoraTtipaMB41 npHHijiocL ctohtb ho^b TaiHMB orneMB, hto ne CTaBaaO 1IXB

Tepntnia. JIioOhmliu renepaiB CyBopoBa nojjcEaKHBaeTB kb

HeMy h roBopHTB: „npiiKajEHTe OTcrynaTL; He.iL-ia ycioaTE na

MtcTt; HenpiaTeaB jiomhtb.“—„CtoStc, nosa btotb KaMeHE He

c,a,BHneTca cb Miera, “ otbIstiltk CyBopoBB. II Hy^o-OoraTHpn

ycToa.TH, h HenpiaTejiL Oeijib pasóiiTB, noTOMy hto CyBopoBB

HHKor^a ne naiHiiajiE 6oa 6e3B yB&peHHOCTH iiodiipiTE.

Botb hto

3a aeaoBliKB

Oeijib btotb

CyBopoBB. lojpi ne-

pe3B

jibh

nocjii; B03BpameHia

otb Boju.mii Bojihhii,

IIojitcLa

n

Ilo^ojiin Meac^y IIojraKaMH cocTaBHJica 3aroBopB.

Bb bcjih- Kifl

aeTBeprB

1794

ro.ua, Korjia pyccida BoicKa

bb

BapraaBli

Haxo^HJiHCL

bb

pepKBH (pasyMteca, 6e3B opyacia)

h totobh- jihcb kb

CBtTJioMy npastfHHEy, na HHXB KIIHyJiaCL sapaHśe

BOsOyiE^enHaa nepiiB

iimhobhxb

nepepfeajia; yptóBmie

coji

-JplTLI H 0(|)imepH, CÓHBMHCB BB KyHEH, HOflE rpa^oMB EaMHefi

h pyjEetHLixB nyjiB, nycEaeMHXE H3B okohbh cbkphmb, Koe- KaKB BIlOpaJEHCL BB HHCTOe IlOJie. IlOHTH TOiKC CaMOC

np0H30-niao bb Biuilhś hbb h4kotopbtxb spyrnxB ropo^axB. Bo net kohh;h IIojiBCKaro KopojieBCTiia nocMKajin Kypi.epBi cb npHKa- aauieMB otb rjMBHEixB 3aroBopm,m:oBB OpaTEca 3a opyarie; Besali ryjctaB imoetb; Ecen,1,31,1 rposiijni OTayaemeMB t$mb, eto

He HOlł^eTB npOTHBT. „CXH3MaTHK0BB“ (epeTHKOBB); naHH ycTpaiiBajiH 9Ciiaji;poHLi H3B CBoefi ;j,bophii h, upejK^e hIjmb

27

im> cBoeft Oparin, eohxb jio/piptmijiii bb pacnono acemu k &

Poccin: BiniajiH, pa3CTpf, Jimami, OTfnrpajiii MaeTHocTH.

IbinepaTpima npiiEa3ajia CyBopoBy BCTynHTB bt> IIojn>my.

Ohb 6hjib Toiyta bb Epmiy. IIozyHHBB irpmaiaaHie EnaTepH. hh, CyBopoBB bceohhjibbb EypBepcEyio Tejritay u npit.xeTii.in, eb Epeciy. TaHB HamezB ohb racanB 10-12 cojmaTB u tot-

aacB-ace, He Tepaa hh MHnyTH, nonienB, nofiiiHcajiB HCEaTB He-

npiaTejta. Ohb HaniejtB ero 3a p. EyroMB. OysopoBB cb pa3-

iliiry EHHyjica na nero, onpoEHHyjiB h ironm.iB, ho jmsaa eny

onoMHHTBca, He ponycEan iipiocTaHOBimca Ha 'tacom,. htoOb

^aTB OTHOpB. Bb HiiCEOJIBEO jJHeft 9TOTB HenpiaTe.TBCEiH Eop-

nycB 6hjib pandianB. a cb HeOojiBmiiMB nepesB mśchpb nocni.

nepenpaBH iiepe,3B ByrB CyBopoBB ysse Haxojxnjica iio,xb Bap-

BiaBOH.

3jI,iłCI> OHB (I.a.ilB OT;JiOXH\rTt, JXBa flHH CBOHMB BOftCIiaMB, a na TpeTifi ^etiB noBejiB hxb Ha npncTynB. BapmaBa cjpi-

jiacB. A TaEB uaiiB bbto ate upeMa npyccKla h aBCTpificEia

BoficEa Toace rpo3HJtn IIo.iBitrft, h parne nepecTyntuiii ea rpa- hhiij. to Boiitti; 6hjib nonoaceHB EOHepB.

Torpa HacTyniiJiB T p e T i t p a a p $ jib IIojiliuh (1795).

Poccia B3a.ua aacTito CTapnHHHa pyccsia, a nacTiio nHTOBCEia 3eMnit CBropopamt PpopHOMB, BhjibhoI, Kobhombhpp.; ocTani.-

Hyto nacTB EoponeBCTBa pa3o6pa.oi Upyccasu h ABCTpifipH.

HecnacTHBiit Eopojn, II oni,ce iii, kotophmb oEpyacatomie ero ynpaBJiajiH EaiB ManiiMB peóeHKOMB, 0TEa3aJica otb npecToaa h yi>xa.m, bb Pocciio: pa eny yace h He HapB hIjmb Óhjio pap-

CTBOBaTB,—IlojiBCEaro rocypapcTBa Gontnie He cym.ecTBOBa.io

Bb papcTBOBattie EEaTepnHH PyccEony napopy npHniJioci. BHHeCTH MHOrO TH2KEHXB HCHHTamt; lIVMa. CTpaHIHHfi MaTOiKE HyraneBa, ttaEOHepB mhoiohHCneHHHa n asecTOEip bohhli—Bce

ł) Bi, 1815 ro^y, nocaB iiopasceHia HMnepaTOpa 'PpaHpyaom. Haiio • jcoHa I-ro (cm. „/(B-feHa^paTbiii r o ^ t”), iiobtiibcE noabCKia b.nagimi a, 3a

2 8

9io HejierEO 6h.ho nepenocETL namiiME aIwhmt,. Ho ohh ne-

peneciiH Bce u He ocaaóium be npe.iaimocTH TocyjapEiHi

CBoet. IlanpoTHBT), Hapojpi odoacajn. ee npii jeh3hh h roptEO ee onjtaKHBajiB, Kor^a ona conuia be MoriLiy. noTOMy etobc4mb

6hjio H3BicTH0, eto (karo napocą 6lijio oaOoToio Kaayjaro hhh

ea 5KH3HH, Kam^ofi MimyTH.

BeiynHBB na npecTOjrt, EKaTepmia saMimura, eto Hanm saKOHH bo MHoroMB TpeóyioTB HcnpaBaeHia. OHa Hanajia caara

uaynaTŁ saEOHŁi ^pyrHAB CTpaHB, EiiTaTL ayainia no 9T0My npejpieTy coEimema h BmiHCHBaTL m rb hhxb to, eto TTaxoji;n-

Jia BB HHXB xopoinaro ii npnro^Haro Poccin. Ho, pascyiK- Jtaaa OHa, Poccia—oto irope Óe3()pe;KHoe; EaEB y3HaTL nyac^H BetxB MnaaioHOBB .iTO^eft, ee HaceaaioiipKB? H npHEa3ajia, EaEB 9to ^JiaaocB npn papaxB Moceobcehxb ’). co6par& bb HSTbia no TpcTŁCMy paontj.iy UpyccaiiaMM h Ancrpiiiiiami, ornauM 6bi.ni no oOu;eMy coraaciio mineparopy A.iei;can,ipy IlaBooBiiHy cri> iiannciiona niejTB u s t U,apcTBOMij IIojieckiimb. Bbbtomb papcTBi Ohho coBepmcHHo ocoOoe otb Pocciii yupaBjieHie; oho mmEjio ocoÓhxb mhhiictpobb, oeoOoe

boS:cko; Py cciii ii rocynapB HMGHOBajiCH Kopo.ieMB IIojibckhmb u npitsaia.iB KopoHOBaTbca bb BapmaBy. Bb 1830 rony iipoMBomo.iB bb IIojibihB mh- TeżKB. Pyccitifl BoiicKa npeKpaxiiJin ero u , nonoOHo naKB u bb 1794 r., bshjiii

Bapuiasy. Borna y U,apcTBa IIo,iŁCKaro othhtbi Oij.iii MHoria ocoómh. npa

bhii yaiMToaceHa ocooaa noaBCKaa apjiin. Bb 1863 rony ciioBa npoiiao- rne.iB bb Ho.ibihE mhtckb. Korna ii ototb smreaiB Oh.ib nonaB.ieHB, oco- Ooe yupaBjieHie papcTBa Ohjio yHHMToaieHO ii BBeneHU bbhcmb tE ;kc

\ CTaHOB.ieHia, KaiiB u bb 0CTa.H)HHXB iacTHXB PyccKaro rocvnapcTBa: KpecTbHHe iio.iyHHiiii bb 1864 rony aejie.ibuhe nanEjbi bb coOcTBeHHocTt

h ocBoOożKneHH Sh.ih otb nancKoS aaBiieiiiiocTH; bmEcto nancKoił pacnpaBbi ycrpoeHU tmhhhhh (bojiocthhh) ynpaB.ieHin n lMHHHbie cyn u. Bb 1874 ! °ny ycraHOBacHa onuHaKOBaa n*M bcExb cocaoBifi BOHHCKaa uobiihhoctł, rai Bb Hsinepiii, a bb 1877 BBene-HB TaKofl-ate kbkb bb iiMiiepiii cyn*. TaKHMB oópaooMB coBepmMjocb coenuHeme nsyxB Be.rniiHXB C.iaB!iHCKiiXB lucjien b, PyccKaro u IIonBCKaro, nonB onHoii ncpaiaBofi, hto apennonara- ,iocb bo BpeMCHa IoaHHa IV-ro (cm. „MociiBa”) ii iiotomb bo BpeMH Ca- M03Baim,eBB, Korna Kopo.iCBiHiy IIo.ibCKOJiy B.ianHC.iaBy upen.iOiKCHa Ohjih

pyccraa nopoHa (cm. „CwyTHoe BpeMH”).

2 9

Mockby BH()0|)HHXrJB .iio.irji H30 Bcero rocy^apcm. CEfea-

.ihcb SBopime hkyhult. .rapa xyxoBsaro 'linia h rocyjiapcTBeH-

Hiie icpecTBaiie, npoMHnuieHHHKii h Ea3aEH, n jjajEe EoneBne

hhopooth. Bcśmbiimb mi/iodno iKHTŁ, paacyHi paia rocypapLi-

ua, Bd; ohh iDrłiioTi. cboh HyacpH iimeiania: BLicaymaeMB ace 3TH HyayjH h acejiama ii C/pfejiaeME Bce, ktobo3moieho.

H

ttdieBT.ióopm.iMa. iioirme oHa npiiEa3a.ia nepecMOTpiiTL HaniH saEOHH, a p.ia pyKOBOjicTBa hxe codcTBeHHopyaHO cocTa- Bii.ia Hasasz. BestomeHaEasf, OHa ropi-EO ocyacjiajra nHTity,—

toecTL pa3HHa Mylenia, ynoTpeÓJMBmiaca jijih toto

,

hto

6

b bhht

^

htbnpii3HaHie y odBiiHaeaiaro. Pa3Bt He MomeTE

6

htl

,

nacajia OHa, htoaeaojrfnn> coBepnieHHO HeBHHHLift, ne eiepna HyneHiii, hfladii HsdaBHTEca otehhxexoteHa MHHyiy, of)i.a-

bhtbcefia BHHOBaTHME?—EiiBaioTB caynaH, Eor,a;a HeodxOJXH-

moHa3HaHHTB a.ioptio paace CMepTHyro Ea3HB; ho npii

9

tomb

.

nacajia EEaTepnna, He hyjkiio hoEpattnefl MŚpi mymiitlero, u sanpeiMa Bd> ynoTpeÓJiaBHiiaca po Hea iiyunTeatHEia ica3-

hh

.

OHa BezLia jxocTaB.iHTL saa^ony ofiBiniae.aoMy BceB03-

mojehhh cpejiCTiia ee oapaBpamio, udo jyaine-ae

„

hpoctiite

seeaTE bhhobheixe

,

af.ME HaEa3aTE opHoro HeBiomaro"; a eme jiyHnie,—BHymajia OHa blióopheime

,—

npepynpejEpaTL npecTyn- aema BMtdo toto

,

hto

6

einoTOME 3a hhxeHaEa3LiBaTE. Tano*

bhHeaoBtEo.oo6iiBEia 3IHC.1H, iiaiiojiHaioinia EKaTepHHiiHcirifi HaEa3E, haeaoBŚEOJiioóieME OT.iHHa.iocL h ea npaBaenie.

O

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CTapaaacE HanpaBiHTL

.

tiojicheejjodpy do.if>e ofitipauieMB Ha- rpa^E, h

4

menaEa3aHiaMii TaEoii yaiacHLift 3.io^ti KaKE Iły- raieisE

Ó

lijje 0de3r.iiaB.1eHE ocbe bchehxe siynenifi, Torpa EaEE 3aB0!I,HIIKH EpeCTLHHCKHXE CMYTE Ha Bo.IHHII ÓLLTH, no pa(;i[opfl'<K('iiiio nojiLCEHXB luacreii, no,pepraeMLi caa limbmv

-

BHTeJILHHME Ea3HHME: CE HIIXB Chlipani KOiEY, OTCliEaiH HME pyEH hHorn ii

a

oto

.

me

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He Bce, EOHeHHO, be papcTBOBame EsaTepiiHEi hhhh.tocl

eoraacHO ea JKejiamio iiysasaME; hnpii Hen

(I

lliii noM$in,HEii HeMiurocTiiBLie, cy/itn HeiipaBejtHLie, upaBHTe.iH HepayiiBLie;

30

EaKi, npoTHBiia IlMnepaTpHpi Beasaa iieiipajwi, Bcanaa acec-TOEOCTB. 0TO MOPJII 3HHTB, H 3IUUII JKHTeJTH CaMEIXE

OT^aJieH-hhxb aacTeft Pocein, a t! EOTopne iDiian cjiyaai jmiieapiiE PEaiepany, — ea npii,popHBie, cob:&thheh, cehobhheh He Moraii HaxBajiiiTLea ea aacEOBOCTBio, apaniTaiiBoeTBio. npii- BaeEaTe.iBHocTBio ii npocTOToio ea o6xoacri,eHi}[. Bra npocTOTa ea yoxojiii.;ia rio toto, hto Milorda, HpocHysniHCB panie oóbie-

HOBeHHaro, OHa He xoiijia óynHTB npHCJiyry h Hepi,rnEO caaa

3aTanjiiiBa.ia EaMHHE be CBoei EOMuaTt, nosa cnajin npiyiBop-

HBie HCTonHHiai. CjiyuiLiocB oyiia;KriBi, aro rocyiapwira ho- hbio B-ipyrE yminiajia crpaumyio najiBdy. Oto Tasoe?..

0Ea3ajiocB, hto EaEofi-TO reuepa,;iE, chjibho 3anHpoBaBniHCB, BeaiaE crpliaiE ii3E nymeEE. PeHepaaa noTpeóoBaM yT- poME bo ^BopepT,, ib EsaTepMa cTporo 3aMi;THjia eiiy, hto ero nonofiEa BCTpeBoiEHJia BecB HeTepóyprE.

— 3a Banie 3^opoBBe hilih. MaiymEa,—OTiif>aa.iri» BirnoBa-

THft,—TaEE a Bc.ii.iE CTpiaaTB.

— A ecjit tbi jEejiaemB mh$ 3ji;opoBBa, to He Mirnaft Muli

cnaTB, OTBiaaaa IlMnepaTpHpa, ii t4me .rfe.ro eohhhjiocb.

M a t y ni e a — bote loia, eohme HapoJi,E HasHBaaE ee;

EEaiepHHa B e a n n a a h MaTyniEa - E s a i epHHa—3th rPa npo3BaHła upił neii ii octu,iiicb.