The Effect of Wrestling Tournament on Immune and Endocrine Markers in Blood and Saliva of Male and Female Athletes

THE EFFECT OF WRESTLING TOURNAMENT ON IMMUNE

AND ENDOCRINE MARKERS IN BLOOD

AND SALIVA OF MALE AND FEMALE ATHLETES

Teresa Trochimiak,

1,A, B, C, D, E

(OĪELHWD+EQHU:RĨQLDN

1,A, B, D, E

17KH-y]HI3LVXGVNL8QLYHUVLW\RI3K\VLFDO(GXFDWLRQLQ:DUVDZ)DFXOW\RI3K\VLFDO(GXFDWLRQ:DUVDZ3RODQG A _{Study Design;} B _{Data Collection;} C _{Statistical Analysis;} D0DQXVFULSW3UHSDUDWLRQE _{Funds Collection}

Address for correspondence:

(OĪELHWD+EQHU:RĨQLDN University of Physical Education Marymoncka 34 str, Warsaw, Poland (PDLOHO]ELHWDZR]QLDN#DZIHGXSO

Abstract.

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Key words:

wrestlers, tournament, endocrine markers, immune markers, blood, saliva

Introduction

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0HDVXUHPHQWV REVHUYDWLRQ DQG DQDO\VLV RI FKDQJHV LQ SK\VLRORJLFDO LQGLFDWRUV FDQ SURYLGH REMHFWLYH LQIRUPDWLRQRQH[HUFLVHLQGXFHGDGDSWDWLRQLQDWKOHWH¶VRUJDQLVPDQGRQPDQ\RILPPXQHRUHQGRFULQHLQGLFDWRUV DPRQJRWKHUV±FRUWLVROLQEORRGDQGVDOLYDUHIOHFWLQJPHWDEROLFSURFHVVHVLQWKHERG\&RUWLVRO&LVD steroid KRUPRQHSURGXFHGE\WKHDGUHQDOFRUWH[LQWKH]RQDIDVFLFXODWD$FHYHGRHWDO,WLVGHVFULEHGDVD catabolic KRUPRQH EHFDXVH LW UHGXFHV SURWHLQ V\QWKHVLV DQG LQFUHDVHV LWV GHJUDGDWLRQ &UHZWKHU HW DO  &RUWLVRO VHFUHWLRQLVUHJXODWHGE\WKHK\SRWKDODPLFSLWXLWDU\DGUHQDOFRUWH[(VNDQGDULDQG6WHUQEHUJLQDFFRUGDQFH with the circadian rhythm, with a PD[LPXPFRQFHQWUDWLRQLQWKHPRUQLQJDQGGHFUHDVLQJGXULQJWKHGD\.DQDOH\ HWDO,WLVDVVXPHGWKDWDIWHUH[HUFLVHWKHOHYHORIFRUWLVROLQVDOLYDFKDQJHVLQVLPLODUPDQQHUDVIUHHFRUWLVRO LQWKHEORRGDQGWKXVLWPD\EHDQLQGLFDWRURIWKHERG\¶VUHVSRQVHWRSK\VLFDOHIIRUW5DQWRQHQHWDO Į$P\ODVHV$$LVRQHRIWKHNH\HQ]\PHVSUHVHQWLQVDOLYDLWK\GURO\]HVĮJO\FRVLGLFERQGVRIVWDUFKWR JOXFRVHDQGPDOWRVHDQGLQKLELWVEDFWHULDODGKHVLRQWRWKHHSLWKHOLDOVXUIDFH,WLVWKHUHIRUHLPSRUWDQWIRUPDLQWDLQLQJ WKHPXFRVDOLPPXQHGHIHQVH1DWHUDQG5RKOHGHU/HLFKWHWDOVKRZHGLQFUHDVHGDFWLYLW\RIWKHV$$ GXULQJH[HUFLVHDQGVXJJHVWHGWKDWWKLVPDUNHUFDQEHUHJDUGHGDVDQLQGLUHFWLQGLFDWRURIDXWRQRPLFV\PSDWKHWLF QHUYRXVV\VWHPDFWLYDWLRQLQUHVSRQVHWRSK\VLFDOVWUHVV(KOHUWHWDO 5HVHDUFKFRQGXFWHGLQWKHODVWGHFDGHKDVVKRZQWKDWGXULQJH[HUFLVHWKHVNHOHWDOPXVFOHILEHUVSURGXFH DQGUHOHDVHF\WRNLQHVH[HUWLQJSDUDFULQHRUHQGRFULQHHIIHFWVLQWKHERG\7KHVHSURWHLQVOLQNHGWRWKHVNHOHWDO PXVFOHPHWDEROLVPZHUHQDPHG³P\RNLQHV´3HGHUVHQHWDO)HEEUDLRDQG3HGHUVHQ2QHRIWKHPRVW LPSRUWDQWP\RNLQHVLVLQWHUOHXNLQ,/ZKLFKSOD\VD crucial role in energy metabolism in contracting muscles, DQGLWVFRQFHQWUDWLRQLVLQFUHDVHGGXULQJDQGDIWHUH[HUFLVH:KHQLWZDVGLVFRYHUHGWKDWSK\VLFDOH[HUFLVHLQGXFHV alterations in the amounts of circulating cytokines, a FRUUHODWLRQZDVIRXQGEHWZHHQSK\VLFDODFWLYLW\DQGFKDQJHV LQWKHLPPXQHV\VWHP3HGHUVHQDQG)HEEUDLR

7KH VDOLYD FRPSRVLWLRQ DV D body fluid obtained in a QRQLQYDVLYH PDQQHU FRQWULEXWHV WR LQFUHDVLQJ NQRZOHGJHRIVDOLYDDQGLWVKRPHRVWDVLV7KHUHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQSK\VLFDODFWLYLW\DQGWKHFRQFHQWUDWLRQRIV,J$ LVIDLUO\ZHOONQRZQKRZHYHUH[HUFLVHLQGXFHGFKDQJHVLQVDOLYDU\FRUWLVROFRQFHQWUDWLRQDQGĮDP\ODVHDFWLYLW\ DVZHOODVVHUXPFRUWLVRODQG,/FRQFHQWUDWLRQVDUHQRWIXOO\H[SODLQHG7KHUHIRUHWKHDLPRIWKHSUHVHQWVWXG\ was to determine the effect of a RQHGD\ZUHVWOLQJWRXUQDPHQWRQPDJQLWXGHDQGGLUHFWLRQRIFKDQJHVLQVHOHFWHG

LQIODPPDWRU\DQGHQGRFULQHLPPXQHVWDWXVLQGLFHVDQGWRHVWDEOLVKZKHWKHUZUHVWOLQJPDWFKHVOHDYHSHUPDQHQW changes in the immune and endocrine systems.

Materials and methods

7KHSDUWLFLSDQWVRIWKHSUHVHQWVWXG\ZHUHPDOHQ DQGIHPDOHQ IUHHVW\OHZUHVWOHUVRIGLIIHUHQW weight categories combating in international tournaments. General characteristic was shown in Table 1. All athletes ZHUHLQIRUPHGDERXWWKHFRXUVHRIUHVHDUFKDQGJDYHWKHLUZULWWHQFRQVHQW7KHVWXG\SURWRFROZDVDSSURYHGE\ WKHORFDO(WKLFV&RPPLWWHH6.(

Table 1.

*HQHUDOFKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIH[DPLQHGIHPDOHDQGPDOHZUHVWOHUVPHDQ“6'

Parameter )HPDOHZUHVWOHUVQ  0DOHZUHVWOHUVQ 

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Results

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Figure 1.

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Figure 2.

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Discussion

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,QFUHDVHGDFWLYLW\RIWKHV$$FDXVHGE\H[HUFLVHLVVKRUWOLYHGDQGWKLVZDVFRQILUPHGLQWKLVVWXG\/HLFKW HWDOZKRVWXGLHGD JURXSRIGLVDEOHGDWKOHWHVDOVRIRXQGLQFUHDVHGDFWLYLW\RIWKLVHQ]\PHLPPHGLDWHO\DIWHU H[HUFLVHEXWWKLVDFWLYLW\GHFUHDVHGEHORZWKHLQLWLDOYDOXHDIWHUPLQXWHVRIUHFRYHU\=DXEHUHWDOVKRZHG a VLJQLILFDQWLQFUHDVHLQV$$DFWLYLW\LQPHQDQGZRPHQDIWHUNLORPHWHUF\FOLQJFRPSDUHGWRWKHUHJHQHUDWLRQ SKDVHEXWWKHGHFUHDVHLQWKLVHQ]\PHDFWLYLW\ZDVREVHUYHGDWUHVWWZRGD\VDIWHUWKHHYHQW7KHSUHVHQWVWXG\ indicated a WHQGHQF\RIGHFUHDVHLQWKHDFWLYLW\RIV$$SHUVLVWLQJWRWKHQH[WPRUQLQJDIWHUFRPSHWLWLRQLQERWKPDOH and female wrestlers.

7KHSUHVHQWVWXG\IRXQGD significant increase in the concentration of cortisol in blood and saliva immediately DIWHUWKHODVWWRXUQDPHQWPDWFKZKLFKZDVFDXVHGE\ERWKPHQWDODQGSK\VLFDOVWUHVV,PSRUWDQWO\WKHFKDQJHV LQFRQFHQWUDWLRQRIFRUWLVROLQVDOLYDDUHSDUDOOHOWRLWVFRQFHQWUDWLRQLQVHUXPEXWWKHOHYHOVRIWKLVKRUPRQHLQ VDOLYDDUHVLJQLILFDQWO\KLJKHUWKDQLQVHUXP7KHVWXG\RI0RUHLUDHWDOVKRZHGD significant increase of salivary cortisol concentration immediately after a basketball game, which was stressful enough to increase the levels of salivary cortisol at a FRQVWDQWOHYHORIV,J$.LYOLJKDQDQG*UDQJHUIRXQGD UHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQWKH FRQFHQWUDWLRQRIĮDP\ODVHDQGVDOLYDU\FRUWLVRODQGREVHUYHGWKHFRUWLVROOHYHOVLQFUHDVHRIDQGĮDP\ODVH LQFUHDVHRIDIWHUD VLQJOHVKRUWHUJRPHWHUH[HUFLVH+RZHYHUWKHFKDQJHVLQFRUWLVROOHYHOVDUHVKRUWWHUP DVHYLGHQFHGE\&KDW]LQLNRODRXHWDOZKRVKRZHGWKDWVHUXPFRUWLVROOHYHOVGURSSHGWREDVHOLQHZLWKLQ KRXUVZKLFKLVDOVRFRQILUPHGLQWKHSUHVHQWVWXG\,QDGGLWLRQ%DUEDVHWDOZKRPHDVXUHGVHUXPFRUWLVRO FRQFHQWUDWLRQIROORZLQJHDFKPDWFKGXULQJRQHGD\ZUHVWOLQJWRXUQDPHQWGHPRQVWUDWHGWKDWMXVWDIWHURQHKRXU UHFRYHU\EHWZHHQPDWFKHVWKHLUOHYHOVUHWXUQHGWRSUHPDWFKEDVDOYDOXHV ,WZDVIRXQGUHSHDWHGO\WKDWWKHFRQFHQWUDWLRQRI,/ LQVHUXPLQFUHDVHVGXULQJH[HUFLVH)HEEUDLRDQG 3HGHUVHQ)HEEUDLRDQG3HGHUVHQ)LVFKHUHWDO1LHOVHQHWDO3HGHUVHQHWDOEXWLW KDVEHHQVKRZQWKDWFKDQJHVLQWKHOHYHOVRI,/RFFXUULQJXQGHUWKHLQIOXHQFHRISK\VLFDODFWLYLW\DUHUHYHUVLEOH DQGRIVKRUWGXUDWLRQ0HFNHOHWDOHYDOXDWHGWKHLPSDFWRIGLIIHUHQWW\SHVRIVSULQWLQWHUYDOVHVVLRQVRQWKH EDODQFHRIFLUFXODWLQJLQIODPPDWRU\F\WRNLQHV)RUWKLVSXUSRVHWZHOYHKHDOWK\RXWVWDQGLQJ\RXQJKDQGEDOOSOD\HUV DJHG±\HDUVZHUHVWXGLHG%ORRGVDPSOHVZHUHFROOHFWHGEHIRUHDQGRQHKRXUDIWHUWKHZRUNRXW7KHVH authors noted a VLJQLILFDQWLQFUHDVHLQ,/DIWHUWZRWUDLQLQJVHVVLRQVODVWLQJRQO\RQHKRXUDIWHUH[HUFLVH6LPLODU UHVXOWVZHUHREWDLQHGE\1LYDOGRHWDOZKRWHVWHGD JURXSRIVL[WHHQSOD\HUVEHIRUHDQGLPPHGLDWHO\DIWHU the futsal match, and showed a VLJQLILFDQWLQFUHDVHRI,/LQVHUXP,QDGGLWLRQ6FKHUUHWDOGHPRQVWUDWHG that, after a PDUDWKRQUXQFRQFHQWUDWLRQVRI,/ZHUHLQFUHDVHGDQGUHWXUQHGWRWKHLQLWLDOOHYHOZLWKLQKRXUV %DUEDVHWDOVKRZHGWKDWVHUXP,/FRQFHQWUDWLRQLQFUHDVHGIROORZLQJDOOILYHZUHVWOLQJPDWFKHVGXULQJ WRXUQDPHQWLQGHSHQGHQWO\RIWKHLUOHYHOEHIRUHWKHPDWFKEXWGHFOLQHGDIWHU±KRXUVRIUHFRYHU\EHWZHHQWKH fourth and the fifth match.

Conclusions

Saliva is a FRQYHQLHQWELRORJLFDOIOXLGWRH[DPLQHH[HUFLVHLQGXFHGHQGRFULQHDQGLPPXQHV\VWHPVUHVSRQVH 2QHGD\ZUHVWOLQJWRXUQDPHQWLQGXFHGD SURLQIODPPDWRU\HQYLURQPHQWE\DOWHULQJFRUWLVRODQGLPPXQHUHVSRQVH Therefore, female and male athletes had a KLJKHUDOWKRXJKVKRUWODVWLQJULVNRIXSSHUUHVSLUDWRU\WUDFWLQIHFWLRQ

7KHWHQGHQF\WRORZHUĮDP\ODVHDFWLYLWLHVLQWKHQH[WPRUQLQJFRPSDUHGWREDVHOLQHYDOXHVVXJJHVWVWKDWHIIRUWRI ZUHVWOLQJPDWFKHVPD\GHFUHDVHDQWLPLFURELDOSRWHQWLDORIVDOLYD3RVWWRXUQDPHQWHOHYDWHGOHYHOVRIV&&DQG,/ DVZHOODVWKHV,J$SURWHLQUDWLRUHWXUQHGWREDVHOLQHYDOXHVE\WKHQH[WPRUQLQJ,QJHQHUDOWKHFKDQJHVRIH[DPLQHG PDUNHUVZHUHVKRUWOLYHGH[FHSWIRUĮDP\ODVHDFWLYLW\VKRZLQJWKDWZUHVWOLQJPDWFKHVGXULQJWRXUQDPHQWKDGQR sustained negative effects on endocrine and immune body systems.

Acknowledgements

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