$UWXU.2123$&.,
8QLZHUV\WHWZ%LDá\PVWRNX
-RDQQD.8/:,&.$.$0,ē6.$
8QLZHUV\WHW0LNRáDMD.RSHUQLNDZ7RUXQLX
&]HVáDZà$3,&=
8QLZHUV\WHW0LNRáDMD.RSHUQLNDZ7RUXQLX
1,(=1$1<5ĉ.23,632/6.,(*235=(.à$'8
.25$18
:RVWDWQLPF]DVLHEDGDF]\SLĞPLHQQLFWZD7DWDUyZ– PX]XáPDQyZ :LHONLHJR.VLĊVWZD/LWHZVNLHJRGDOHMVNUyW:./SRUXV]\áDZLDGR PRĞü R RGNU\FLX IUDJPHQWX QLH]QDQHJR UĊNRSLVX SROVNLHJR SU]HNáDGXKoranu=HZ]JOĊGXQDWRĪHKLVWRULDWUDQVODFMLĞZLĊWHM.VLĊJLLVODPXQD
MĊ]\NSROVNLZFLąĪVNU\ZDWDMHPQLFHSRMDZLáDVLĊQDG]LHMDEąGĨQDLFK Z\MDĞQLHQLHEąGĨSU]\QDMPQLHMQDX]XSHáQLHQLHQDV]HMZLHG]\RORVDFK LG]LHMDFKSROVNLFKSU]HNáDGyZKoranu
'RQLHZ\MDĞQLRQ\FKWDMHPQLF]DOLF]DP\QS ĨUyGáRZHGRQLHVLHQLD R SUDFDFK QDG SU]HNáDGDPL ĞZLĊWHM .VLĊJL LVODPX SRGHMPRZDQ\FK w XVII w:HGáXJXVWDOHĔRVLHPQDVWRZLHF]QHJRJHQHDORJD.DFSUD1LH VLHFNLHJR – Z ;9,, VWXOHFLX SU]HNáDGX Koranu ] MĊ]\ND DUDEVNLHJRGRNRQDáWáXPDF]NDQFHODULLNUyOHZVNLHM3LRWU6WDUNRZLHFNL,
.1LHVLHFNL, +HUEDU]SROVNLSRZLĊNV]RQ\GRGDWNDPL]SyĨQLHMV]\FKDXWRUyZUĊNRSLVPyZ GRZRGyZXU]ĊGRZ\FKW-, Z\G-1%REURZLF]/LSVN–1 3LRWU6WDUNRZLHFNLE\áWáXPDF]HPMĊ]\NyZZVFKRGQLFKQDGZRU]H:áDG\VáDZD,9=QDáGRVNR QDOHQLHW\ONRMĊ]\NWXUHFNLDOHUyZQLHĪSHUVNL:HGáXJ1LHVLHFNLHJR6WDUNRZLHFNLGRNRQDáSU]H NáDGXKoranu ]DUDEVNLHJRQDSROVNLLQRVLáVLĊ]]DPLDUHPZ\GDQLDJRGUXNLHPMHGQDNQLHVSR G]LHZDQD ĞPLHUü QLH SR]ZROLáD PX QD MHJR RSXEOLNRZDQLH . 1LHVLHFNL Herbarz, W V2VWDWHF]QLHSU]HNáDG6WDUNRZLHFNLHJRSUDZGRSRGREQLH]DUD]SRMHJRĞPLHUFLXOHJá]QLV] F]HQLX
MHGQDNSU]HNáDGWHQQLH]RVWDáRSXEOLNRZDQ\]SRZRGXĞPLHUFLDXWRUD G]LVLDMQLHZLDGRPRQLFRORVDFKWHJRUĊNRSLVXħUyGáDZVSRPLQDMąUyZ QLHĪRSUDF\QDGNROHMQ\PSU]HNáDGHPNWyUąUyZQLHĪZXVII ZPLDá SURZDG]Lü .D]LPLHU] =DMHUVNL DOH R HIHNWDFK SUDF\ WHJR WUDQVODWRUD WDNĪHQLFG]LVLDMQLHZLHP\-HVWRF]\ZLVWHLĪZĞUyGEDGDF]\WOLVLĊQD G]LHMDĪHUĊNRSLV\W\FKSU]HNáDGyZQLHXOHJá\]QLV]F]HQLXĪHZMDNLFKĞ DUFKLZDFK OXE ]ELRUDFK SU\ZDWQ\FK F]HNDMą QD VZ\FK RGNU\ZFyZ
)RW
6WURQDUĊNRSLVX]&]RPEURZD
.D]LPLHU]=DMHUVNLZELWZLHSRG%DWRKHP GRVWDáVLĊGRWDWDUVNLHMQLHZROLZNWyUHM
SU]HE\ZDá ODW : W\P F]DVLH QDXF]\á VLĊ MĊ]\NyZ RULHQWDOQ\FK SR]QDá UHOLJLĊ ]Z\F]DMH LRE\F]DMHPX]XáPDQyZDSRSRZURFLHGRNUDMXZVWąSLáGRVáXĪE\Z.DQFHODULL.RURQQHM]R VWDMąFW]ZGUDJRPDQHPF]\OLWáXPDF]HPSU]HZRGQLNLHPLSRĞUHGQLNLHPPLĊG]\FXG]R]LHP FDPLDPLHV]NDĔFDPL%OLVNLHJR:VFKRGX0LDáZLĊFZV]HONLHNRPSHWHQFMHGRSRGMĊFLDSUDF\ QDGSU]HNáDGHPKoranu3RUWHĪ.1LHVLHFNLHerbarzWV
MHGQDNSU]HNáDGWHQQLH]RVWDáRSXEOLNRZDQ\]SRZRGXĞPLHUFLDXWRUD G]LVLDMQLHZLDGRPRQLFRORVDFKWHJRUĊNRSLVXħUyGáDZVSRPLQDMąUyZ QLHĪRSUDF\QDGNROHMQ\PSU]HNáDGHPNWyUąUyZQLHĪZ ZPLDá SURZDG]Lü .D]LPLHU] =DMHUVNL DOH R HIHNWDFK SUDF\ WHJR WUDQVODWRUD WDNĪHQLFG]LVLDMQLHZLHP\-HVWRF]\ZLVWHLĪZĞUyGEDGDF]\WOLVLĊQD G]LHMDĪHUĊNRSLV\W\FKSU]HNáDGyZQLHXOHJá\]QLV]F]HQLXĪHZMDNLFKĞ DUFKLZDFK OXE ]ELRUDFK SU\ZDWQ\FK F]HNDMą QD VZ\FK RGNU\ZFyZ
)RW
6WURQDUĊNRSLVX]&]RPEURZD
.D]LPLHU]=DMHUVNLZELWZLHSRG%DWRKHP GRVWDáVLĊGRWDWDUVNLHMQLHZROLZNWyUHM
SU]HE\ZDá ODW : W\P F]DVLH QDXF]\á VLĊ MĊ]\NyZ RULHQWDOQ\FK SR]QDá UHOLJLĊ ]Z\F]DMH LRE\F]DMHPX]XáPDQyZDSRSRZURFLHGRNUDMXZVWąSLáGRVáXĪE\Z.DQFHODULL.RURQQHM]R VWDMąFW]ZGUDJRPDQHPF]\OLWáXPDF]HPSU]HZRGQLNLHPLSRĞUHGQLNLHPPLĊG]\FXG]R]LHP FDPLDPLHV]NDĔFDPL%OLVNLHJR:VFKRGX0LDáZLĊFZV]HONLHNRPSHWHQFMHGRSRGMĊFLDSUDF\ QDGSU]HNáDGHP 3RUWHĪ.1LHVLHFNL WV 'ODWHJR]UR]XPLDáHE\á\QDV]HHPRFMHJG\SU]\SDGNRZRRGQDOH ]LRQ\GRWąGQLH]QDQ\IUDJPHQWSU]HNáDGXKoranu QDMĊ]\NSROVNLXGR VWĊSQLRQR QDP GR EDGDĔ31 -XĪ ZVWĊSQ\ NRQWDNW ] UĊNRSLVHP SR]ZROLá VWZLHUG]LüLĪPDQXVNU\SWMHVWF]\VWRSLVHPVSRU]ąG]RQ\PZSUDZQąUĊNą NRSLVW\ WáXPDF]D" GXNWHP SLVPD FKDUDNWHU\VW\F]Q\P GOD UĊNRSLVyZ ]SLHUZV]HMSRáRZ\;,;ZIRW
7HSLHUZV]HQDSRá\LQWXLF\MQHXVWDOHQLDGRW\F]ąFHDXWRUVWZDPLHMVFD LF]DVXVSRU]ąG]HQLDUĊNRSLVX]QDOD]á\SRWZLHUG]HQLHZSyĨQLHMV]\FKV]F]H JyáRZ\FKEDGDQLDFKWHNVWRORJLF]Q\FKLILORORJLF]Q\FK]ZáDV]F]DJUDILLRU WRJUDILLRUD]MĊ]\NDWHNVWXDWDNĪHSDSLeru, opatrzonego znakiem wodnym ]ZLGRF]Q\PURNLHPSURGXNFMLSR]ZROLá\RQHZ\NOXF]\ü]ZLą]HNUĊ NRSLVX]]DJLQLRQ\PLSU]HNáDGDPL];9,, w:Z\QLNXV]F]HJyáRZHMDQD OL]\MĊ]\NDJUDILLLRUWRJUDILLUĊNRSLVXXVWDORQRĪH]DE\WHNSRZVWDáZSLHUZ V]HMSRáRZLH;,;ZQDREV]DU]HIXQNFMRQRZDQLDSROV]F]\]Q\SyáQRFQRNUH VRZHM:LHOHVWZLHUG]RQ\FKZUĊNRSLVLHIDNWyZMĊ]\NRZ\FKRGV\áDUyZ QLHĪGRMĊ]\NDILORPDWyZ33:]DNUHVLHRUWRJUDILLVąWRQSWUDG\F\MQ\]DSLV MRW\ZUĊNRSLVLHMRWDMHVWUHDOL]RZDQDJUDILF]QLH ZQDJáRVLHV\ODE\SU]H]i, DZZ\JáRVLHSU]H]yQSwinowaycow, Sá\ZDMąFH\, rodzay oraz iak, iey,
moia, przyiaciela=GDU]DMąVLĊMHGQDNIRUP\ ]MRWąZQDJáRVLHLSU]HGVDPR
JáRVNąZĞURGNXZ\UD]X– SRUjego, Sá\ZDMąFH\, SRVąG]DMą, co odzwiercie-GODSUDZLGáRZRĞüZSURZDG]DQLDMRW\QDMSLHUZZW\FKSR]\FMDFK7DNLVSR VyEUHDOL]DFMLJUDILF]QHMMRW\ĞZLDGF]\ RW\PĪHUĊNRSLVSRZVWDáSUDZGRSR GREQLHZáDĞQLHZSLHUZV]HMSRáRZLH ;,;ZQLHGRNáDGQHRSHURZDQLH]QD kami diakrytycznymiZUĊNRSLVLHZ\VWĊSXMHZW\P]DNUHVLH]DUyZQRSUR
31 $XWRU]\DUW\NXáXEDUG]RJRUąFRG]LĊNXMą3DQL-RDQQLH3XFKDOVNLHM]DXGRVWĊSQLHQLHRU\JLQDáX
UĊNRSLVXRUD]]DZ\UDĪHQLH]JRG\QDEDGDQLDPDQXVNU\SWXZUD]]SUDZHPZ\áąF]QRĞFLGRIL lologiczno-KLVWRU\F]QHJRRSUDFRZDQLDRUD]Z\GDQLD]DE\WNX
: FHOX LGHQW\ILNDFML MĊ]\NRZ\FK FHFK SyáQRFQRNUHVRw\FK SRVáXĪRQR VLĊ SUDFDPL
=.XU]RZHM-Ċ]\NSROVNL:LOHĔV]F]\]Q\LNUHVyZSyáQRFQR-wschodnich XVI–XX w.:DUV]DZD– .UDNyZ,%DMHURZHM3ROVNLMĊ]\NRJyOQ\;,;ZLHNX6WDQLHZROXFMDWOrtografia, fonologia ]IRQHW\NąPRUIRQRORJLD, Katowice 198eadem, 3ROVNLMĊ]\NRJyOQ\;,;ZLHNX6WDQ i ewolucjaWFleksja.DWRZLFHeadem, PolsNLMĊ]\NRJyOQ\;,;ZLHNX6WDQi ewolucja, W6NáDGQLD6\QWH]D.DWRZLFHeadem, .V]WDáWRZDQLHVLĊV\VWHPXSROVNLHJRMĊ]\NDOLWH rackiego w XVIII wiekuÄ3UDFH-Ċ]\NR]QDZF]H´W
33 3RUSUDFHKLVWRU\F]QRMĊ]\NRZHPLQ: =.XU]RZD-Ċ]\NILORPDWyZLILODUHWyZ6áRZRWZyU VWZRLVáRZQLFWZR:URFáDZ–:DUV]DZD–.UDNyZeadem, 6WXGLDQDGMĊ]\NLHPILORPDWyZ LILODUHWyZ)RQHW\NDIOHNVMDVNáDGQia).UDNyZ
EOHPZLHORIXQNF\MQRĞFLQLHNWyU\FKOLWHUMDNWHĪQLHSUHF\]\MQHJRXĪ\FLDGLD NU\WyZ– UyZQROHJOHIXQNFMRQXMą]QDNLٚ Ҋլٚխ oraz z, Ī i zխQSznisٚcٚeniiٚխ
czemuҊլ, ale ]ZLąĪFLH czy zխarzewia 1LHSUHF\]\MQHVWRVRZDQLH]QDNyZGLD
NU\W\F]Q\FKRUD]ZLHORIXQNF\MQRĞüOLWHUWRMHGQH]JáyZQ\FKSUREOHPyZRU WRJUDILLSU]HáRPX;9,,,L;,;ZSLVRZQLDGáXJLHJRs34 LV]HUHJLQQ\FK :]DNUHVLHIRQRORJLL]IRQHW\NąLPRUIRQRORJLLPRĪQDZVND]DüPLQZSá\Z VSyáJáRVHNSyáRWZDUW\FKQDSRSU]HG]DMąFHVDPRJáRVNLLLQQH]MDZLVNDZ]D NUHVLHi – e, u – oQSe < i, y SU]HGVSyáJáRVNąLQQąQLĪSyáRWZDUWDSRG
Z\ĪV]HQLHDUW\NXODFMLVDPRJáRVHNe > y, i + N widoczne w wyrazach osim,
siedym, VLHG\PG]LHVLąWREHFQ\FKZUĊNRSLVLH]&]RPEURZD36RERF]QRĞü
e:ø ZĞURGNXZ\UD]XSU]\NáDGHPWHMRERF]QRĞFLMHVWIRUPDRĞPz
omawia-QHJR]DE\WNXZ;,;ZVąZXĪ\FLXIRUPy typu RĞP i pokrewne, ale od ;9,,,ZZW\PZĨUyGáDFK]SLHUZV]HMSRáRZ\;,;VWXOHFLD]DXZDĪDVLĊ REHFQRĞüIRUP]-e
= FHFK IOHNV\MQ\FK PRĪQD ]DXZDĪ\ü PLQ SU]HZDJĊ Z ELHUQLNX OPQU]HF]RZQLNyZPĊVNLFKVWDUHMNRĔFyZNL-y (-iRUD]-e nad -ów37 zmiaQ\]DNUHVXXĪ\FLDSU]\SDGNyZ38GDZQDNRĔFyZNDQDU]ĊGQLNDOPQ
34ѻ XVWĊSRZDáR]SLVPDQDSU]HáRPLH;9,,,L;,;Z2VWDWHF]QLHѻ Z\FRIDáRVLĊRNRáRU MHGQDNZUĊNRSLVLHMHVWZFLąĪVWRVRZDQH :;,;ZZMĊ]\NXRJyOQ\PVSRW\NDVLĊW\ONRSRMHG\QF]HIRUP\F]DVHP]OHNV\NDOL]RZDQH ]PLDQVDPRJáRVHNZ\VWĊSXMąF\FKSU]HGVSyáJáRVNDPLVRQRUQ\PLRUD] e < i, y SRGZSá\ZHP LQQHJRQLĪSyáRWZDUWDVSyáJáRVNDQDVWĊSQLND:\UDĨQ\VSDGHNREHFQRĞFLW\FKIRUPWDNĪHQD NUHVDFKMHVWZLGRF]Q\PLĊG]\SLHUZV]ąDGUXJąSRáRZą;,;Z:DQDOL]RZDQ\P]DE\WNXZ\ VWĊSXMHIorma RF]HZLVWRĞüQDNUHVDFKPRĪHWRE\üDGLGHDFMDGRIRUPZVFKRGQLRVáRZLDĔVNLFK SRUURVɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɶ µRF]\ZLVWRĞü¶
36 Tendencja przechodzenia e > y, i + N QDVLODVLĊQD.UHVDFKZ;9,,,Z:SROV]F]\ĨQLH]MD
ZLVNR RGG]LDá\ZDQLD VSyáJáRVHN VRQRUQ\FK QD SRSrzedzająFH VDPRJáRVNL Z\FRIXMH VLĊ ]DĞ ZGUXJLHMSRáRZLH;9,,,Z'LDOHNWSyáQRFQRNUHVRZ\SRGąĪDZW\P]DNUHVLH]DMĊ]\NLHPOLWH UDFNLP:]DE\WNXZ\VWĊSXMHUyZQLHĪOLF]HEQLNosim)RUPDWDPRĪHE\üSRGZyMQLHPRW\ZR wana – SU]H]]PLDQĊEDUZ\VDPRJáRVNLSU]HGVSyáJáRVNąVRQRUQąWHQGHQFMDRJyOQRSROVND LSU]H]ORNDOQąWHQGHQFMĊGRSRGZ\ĪV]DQLDVDPRJáRVHNZV\ODEDFKQLHDNFHQWRZDQ\FKL]ZLą ]DQą]W\PPRĪOLZRĞüIRUPKLSHUSRSUDZQ\FK 37 &HFKDWDZVND]XMHQDSHZQąDUFKDLF]QRĞüGLDOHNWXSyáQRFQRNUHVRZHJRERWDNLHSU]\NáDG\ VLĊJDMąDĪSRWU]HFLąüZLHUü;9,,,Z-HVWWRQDNUHVDFK]MDZLVNRV\VWHPRZHEDUG]LHMNRQVHU ZDW\ZQHQLĪZMĊ]\NXRJyOQ\P:UĊNRSLVLH]&]RPEURZDVą]DWHPREHFQHIRUP\]-yFKRFLDĪ GRW\F]\WRWHPDWyZPLĊNNLFK– SRUzawiera 52 wierszyzawiera 3 wierszyzawiera 4 wierszy, DOH]GDU]DVLĊ-eQSzawiera 3 wiersze
38:]DE\WNXVSRW\NDP\XĪ\FLHQDU]ĊGQLNDOSUQ]DPLDVWELHUQLND– SRUNDU\]DLFKQLHSRVáX szenstwem:UĊNRSLVLHSRĞZLDGF]RQHMHVWUyZQLHĪXĪ\FLHGRSHáQLDF]D]NRĔFyZNąø zamiaVW ELHUQLND– SRUZ]DZRGELHJąFH.RĔFyZNDø PLHĞFLáDVLĊZQRUPLHRGNRĔFD;9,GRNRĔFD ;9,,,Z:;,;ZE\áDMXĪDUFKDL]PHPLUHJLRQDOL]PHP&HFKXMHV]F]HJyOQLHMĊ]\NILORPD WyZ:GUXJLHMSRáRZLH;,;ZMHVWSRF]\W\ZDQD]DEáąG
EOHPZLHORIXQNF\MQRĞFLQLHNWyU\FKOLWHUMDNWHĪQLHSUHF\]\MQHJRXĪ\FLDGLD NU\WyZ UyZQROHJOHIXQNFMRQXMą]QDNLٚ Ҋլٚխ Ī խ QS ٚ ٚ ٚխ Ҋլ ]ZLąĪFLH խ 1LHSUHF\]\MQHVWRVRZDQLH]QDNyZGLD NU\W\F]Q\FKRUD]ZLHORIXQNF\MQRĞüOLWHUWRMHGQH]JáyZQ\FKSUREOHPyZRU WRJUDILLSU]HáRPX;9,,,L;,;ZSLVRZQLDGáXJLHJR LV]HUHJLQQ\FK :]DNUHVLHIRQRORJLL]IRQHW\NąLPRUIRQRORJLLPRĪQDZVND]DüPLQZSá\Z VSyáJáRVHNSyáRWZDUW\FKQDSRSU]HG]DMąFHVDPRJáRVNLLLQQH]MDZLVNDZ]D NUHVLH QS SU]HGVSyáJáRVNąLQQąQLĪSyáRWZDUWDSRG Z\ĪV]HQLHDUW\NXODFMLVDPRJáRVHN VLHG\PG]LHVLąWREHFQ\FKZUĊNRSLVLH]&]RPEURZD RERF]QRĞü ZĞURGNXZ\UD]XSU]\NáDGHPWHMRERF]QRĞFLMHVWIRUPDRĞP QHJR]DE\WNXZ;,;ZVąZXĪ\FLXIRUP RĞP ;9,,,ZZW\PZĨUyGáDFK]SLHUZV]HMSRáRZ\;,;VWXOHFLD]DXZDĪDVLĊ REHFQRĞüIRUP]
= FHFK IOHNV\MQ\FK PRĪQD ]DXZDĪ\ü PLQ SU]HZDJĊ Z ELHUQLNX
OPQU]HF]RZQLNyZPĊVNLFK VWDUHMNRĔFyZNL RUD]
Q\]DNUHVXXĪ\FLDSU]\SDGNyZ GDZQDNRĔFyZNDQDU]ĊGQLNDOPQ ѻ XVWĊSRZDáR]SLVPDQDSU]HáRPLH;9,,,L;,;Z2VWDWHF]QLHѻ Z\FRIDáRVLĊRNRáRU MHGQDNZUĊNRSLVLHMHVWZFLąĪVWRVRZDQH :;,;ZZMĊ]\NXRJyOQ\PVSRW\NDVLĊW\ONRSRMHG\QF]HIRUP\F]DVHP]OHNV\NDOL]RZDQH ]PLDQVDPRJáRVHNZ\VWĊSXMąF\FKSU]HGVSyáJáRVNDPLVRQRUQ\PLRUD] SRGZSá\ZHP LQQHJRQLĪSyáRWZDUWDVSyáJáRVNDQDVWĊSQLND:\UDĨQ\VSDGHNREHFQRĞFLW\FKIRUPWDNĪHQD NUHVDFKMHVWZLGRF]Q\PLĊG]\SLHUZV]ąDGUXJąSRáRZą;,;Z:DQDOL]RZDQ\P]DE\WNXZ\ VWĊSXMHI RF]HZLVWRĞüQDNUHVDFKPRĪHWRE\üDGLGHDFMDGRIRUPZVFKRGQLRVáRZLDĔVNLFK SRUURVɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɶ µRF]\ZLVWRĞü¶ QDVLODVLĊQD.UHVDFKZ;9,,,Z:SROV]F]\ĨQLH]MD ZLVNR RGG]LDá\ZDQLD VSyáJáRVHN VRQRUQ\FK QD SRS ąFH VDPRJáRVNL Z\FRIXMH VLĊ ]DĞ ZGUXJLHMSRáRZLH;9,,,Z'LDOHNWSyáQRFQRNUHVRZ\SRGąĪDZW\P]DNUHVLH]DMĊ]\NLHPOLWH UDFNLP:]DE\WNXZ\VWĊSXMHUyZQLHĪOLF]HEQLN )RUPDWDPRĪHE\üSRGZyMQLHPRW\ZR SU]H]]PLDQĊEDUZ\VDPRJáRVNLSU]HGVSyáJáRVNąVRQRUQąWHQGHQFMDRJyOQRSROVND LSU]H]ORNDOQąWHQGHQFMĊGRSRGZ\ĪV]DQLDVDPRJáRVHNZV\ODEDFKQLHDNFHQWRZDQ\FKL]ZLą ]DQą]W\PPRĪOLZRĞüIRUPKLSHUSRSUDZQ\FK &HFKDWDZVND]XMHQDSHZQąDUFKDLF]QRĞüGLDOHNWXSyáQRFQRNUHVRZHJRERWDNLHSU]\NáDG\ VLĊJDMąDĪSRWU]HFLąüZLHUü;9,,,Z-HVWWRQDNUHVDFK]MDZLVNRV\VWHPRZHEDUG]LHMNRQVHU ZDW\ZQHQLĪZMĊ]\NXRJyOQ\P:UĊNRSLVLH]&]RPEURZDVą]DWHPREHFQHIRUP\] FKRFLDĪ GRW\F]\WRWHPDWyZPLĊNNLFK SRU DOH]GDU]DVLĊ QS :]DE\WNXVSRW\NDP\XĪ\FLHQDU]ĊGQLNDOSUQ]DPLDVWELHUQLND SRUNDU\]DLFKQLHSRVáX :UĊNRSLVLHSRĞZLDGF]RQHMHVWUyZQLHĪXĪ\FLHGRSHáQLDF]D]NRĔFyZNą VW ELHUQLND SRUZ]DZRGELHJąFH.RĔFyZND PLHĞFLáDVLĊZQRUPLHRGNRĔFD;9,GRNRĔFD ;9,,,Z:;,;ZE\áDMXĪDUFKDL]PHPLUHJLRQDOL]PHP&HFKXMHV]F]HJyOQLHMĊ]\NILORPD WyZ:GUXJLHMSRáRZLH;,;ZMHVWSRF]\W\ZDQD]DEáąG
UPLUQ-y39NRĔFyZND-e Z0OPQU]HF]RZQLNyZPĊVNRRVRERZ\FK PLĊNNRtematowychWHPDW\UG]HQQH41DUFKDLF]QHIRUP\WU\EXUR]ND ]XMąFHJRLLQQH
6NáDGQLĊFKDUDNWHU\]XMąQSSRGPLRWJUXSRZ\LORĞFLRZ\ZUĊNRSLVLH Z\VWĊSXMHNRQVWUXNFMDQLHZLHOXPDLąRWZRU]RQHRF]\SU]\NáDG\SRWZLHU G]DMąFH]JRGĊUHDOQR]QDF]HQLRZąDQLHIRUPDOQąVąEDUG]RU]DGNLHLSR FKRG]ąJáyZQLH]HĨUyGHáSLHUZV]HMSRáRZ\;,;ZRU]HF]QLNSU]\PLRWQ\ Z QDU]ĊGQLNX43 GRSHáQLHQLH SU]HGPLRWRZH SU]\ SRGVWDZLH F]DVRZQLNR wej44WHQGHQFMDGR]ZLą]NyZDQDOLW\F]Q\FKHWF'RNUHVRZ\FK IRUP OHNV\NDOQ\FKQRWRZDQ\FKSU]H]6áRZQLNZLOHĔVNL ZRNUHĞORQ\FK]QDF]H QLDFK PRĪQD ]DOLF]\ü QS RGPDORZDü XZLG]LHü nicestwo odmiana
ZQLĞFLeE\üZSU]HFLZQRVFLSU]HVWĊSQ\XNV]WDáFLüZ\URG]LüVLĊwyrozu-mienie]DüPLünapitekURW\QLHSU]\LDFLRáQLHSU]\SXV]F]Dü 6ąGXpo-NáDQLDüVLĊ HWF 8VWDOHQLDSRF]\QLRQHQDSRGVWDZLHDQDOL]\ILORORJLF]QHMWHNVWX]QDOD]á\ SHáQHSRWZLHUG]HQLHZVWRSQLRZRRGVáDQLDQ\FKIDNWDFKKLVWRU\F]Q\FKGRW\ F]ąF\FKORVyZUĊNRSLVX:WUDNFLHQDV]HMSUDF\QDGUĊNRSLVHPXND]Dá\VLĊ
39 :MĊ]\NXSROVNLPZ;9,,,ZVWDMHVLĊDUFKDL]PHPDOHXWU]\PXMHVLĊQD.UHVDFK-HVWREHFQD Z;,;ZFKRFLDĪE\XILORPDWyZ8Ī\ZDMHMDXWRUF]RPEURZVNLHJRUĊNRSLVX– SRUosypany dostatkami i dostoienstwy 1SPLHV]NDĔFH – norma z -i(-yXNV]WDáWRZDáDVLĊRVWDWHF]QLHRNRáRSRáRZ\;,;Z:ĨUy GáDFK]GUXJLHMSRáRZ\;,;ZQLHZ\VWĊSXMąMXĪSU]\NáDG\]NRĔFyZNą -eQDWRPLDVWIRUP\ typu PLHV]NDĔFH, rodoznawce, starce SRFKRG]ą]HĨUyGHá]ODW–
41 8WU]\PXMąVLĊSU]H]SLHUZV]ąSRáRZĊ;,;Z7HJRW\SXIRUP\VSRW\NDVLĊQSXILORPDWyZ :MĊ]\NXOLWHUDFNLPXVWąSLá\Z;9,,,ZDQDNUHVDFKZ ;,;ZVąX]QDZDQH]DDUFKDL]P :UĊNRSLVLH]&]RPEURZDMHVWREHFQDQSIRUPDELHĪ\ :UĊNRSLVLHMHVWREHFQDIRUPDUĨQL%UDNXMHZQLHMj ZNRĔFyZFHRVOSLOPQWU\EXUR] kazująFHJR)OHNV\MQHXWU]\PDQLHNRĔFyZNL-i QDPLHMVFXQRZV]\FKRJyOQRSROVNLFKNRĔFyZHN ø OXE-ij MHVWF]ĊVWRVSRW\NDQHXILORPDWyZ:MĊ]\NXOLWHUDFNLPIRUP\WHJRW\SXZ\V]á\]XĪ\FLD ZNRĔFX;9,,Z']LĞWUDNWRZDQHVąMDNRUXV\F\]P\3RQDGWRZ\VWĊSXMHIRUPDZQLGҊ, utwo-rzona od ZQLĞü – VWDUV]HMSRVWDFLEH]RNROLF]QLND]QDQHMVWDURSROV]F]\ĨQLHRGNWyUHMXWZRU]RQR RVWU\EXUR]ND]XMąFHJR]XWU]\PDQLHPPLĊNNRĞFLZ\JáRVRZHMVSyáJáRVNL 43 -HVWWRNRQVWUXNFMDNWyUDZMĊ]\NXOLWHUDFNLPZ\FRIXMHVLĊRGWU]HFLHJRüZLHUüZLHF]D;,;Z %\áDXĪ\ZDQD]Z\VRNąIUHNZHQFMąQDSU]HáRPLH;9,,,L;,;Z-HVWREHFQDZUĊNRSLVLHF]RP EURZVNLP– SRUP\VOLҊĪRQE\GĨZROQ\PSRĞZLĊFRQą]RVWDáDWDSRWU]HEQąMHVW 44 :NRQVWUXNFMLE\RGVWąSLOLEHҊERҊQRĞFL Z\VWĊSXMHU]DGNLSU]\SDGHNOLWHUDFNLHJRVZRERGQHJR XĪ\FLD-by3RQDGWR]RVWDáRSXV]F]RQ\SU]\LPHNodDZMHJRPLHMVFHZSURZDG]RQRNRQVWUXNFMĊ ND]XDOQą-HVWWRGRSHáQLHQLHSU]HGPLRWRZHSU]\SRGVWDZLHF]DVRZQLNRZHM– IRUPDVNáDGQLRZD UHSUH]HQWRZDQDOLF]QLHZGLDOHNFLHSyáQRFQRNUHVRZ\PSLHUZV]HMSRáRZ\;,;Z :NRQVWUXNFMLSRVáXV]QLE\OLQDUR]ND]\ MHVWZLGRF]QH]DVWĊSRZDQLHIRUPV\QWHW\F]Q\FKSU]H]DQD OLW\F]QH:GLDOHNFLHSyáQRFQRNUHVRZ\PZSLHUZV]HMSRáRZLH;,;ZZ\VWĊSXMąOLF]QHNRQVWUXNFMH SU]\LPNRZH]DVWąSLRQHSyĨQLHMSU]H] ND]XDOQH-HVWWR]JRGQH]HVWDQHPRJyOQRSROVNLP
ZGUXNXGZLHZDĪQHSXEOLNDFMHRQLPG]LĊNLNWyU\P]RVWDá\Z\MDĞQLRQH RNROLF]QRĞFL RGQDOH]LHQLD PDQXVNU\SWX46 EĊGąFHJR QRZ\P RU\JLQDOQ\P ĨUyGáHPGRG]LHMyZSU]HNáDGXOLWHUDWXU\UHOLJLMQHM7DWDUyZ:./D]DUD]HP GRG]LHMyZSROV]F]\]Q\UHJLRQDOQHMLSyáQRFQRNUHVRZHM5ĊNRSLV– cudem uratowany z wojennej zawieruchy – MHVWREHFQLHZSRVLDGDQLXSU\ZDWQ\P Z ]ELRU]H GRNXPHQWyZ SRGZRUVNLFK ] &]RPEURZD 3RMDZLD VLĊ S\WDQLH NWyUHVWDZLDVRELHUyZQLHĪZáDĞFLFLHOND]ELRUyZPLDQRZLFLH– ZMDNLVSRVyE UĊNRSLVWáXPDF]HQLDKoranu WUDILáGR]ELRUyZNDWROLFNLFKZáDĞFLFLHOL&]RP EURZD"2LOHQDWXUDOQ\PE\áRĪHZDUFKLZXPGZRUVNLP]QDOD]á\VLĊGRNX menty kupna ]LHPLRUD]OLF]QHĞODG\LQQ\FKWUDQVDNFMLILQDQVRZ\FK]7DWD UDPLNWyU\FKZRNROLFDFK1RZRJUyGNDE\áRZLHOX47, o tyle przechowywany Z W\FK ]ELRUDFK UĊNRSLV SU]HNáDGX ĞZLĊWHM .VLĊJL PX]XáPDQyZ VWDQRZL SHZQą]DJDGNĊ:áDĞFLFLHONDPDQXVNU\SWXSU]\SXV]F]DĪHWáXPDF]HQLHKo-ranu PRJáRVLĊ]QDOHĨüZ]ELRUDFKGZRUVNLFK]DSRĞUHGQLFWZHPPLHMVFR Z\FKZ\]QDZFyZLVODPX=SHZQRĞFLą]QDF]QDOLF]EDRVLDGá\FKSRG1R ZRJUyGNLHP7DWDUyZX]DVDGQLDWDNąWH]Ċ-HGQDNQLHZ\GDMHVLĊDE\VDPL 7DWDU]\E\OLLQLFMDWRUDPLWáXPDF]HQLDERZLHPZHJ]HJHW\FHPX]XáPDĔVNLHM SU]HNáDGKoranu WUDFLáVZyMVDNUDOQ\LREU]ĊGRZR-UHOLJLMQ\FKDUDNWHU$SR QDGWRPX]XáPDQLH:./SRVLDGDOLUĊNRSLĞPLHQQHNRSLHtefsirów ]DZLHUDMą F\FKSLHUZV]HSROVNLHWáXPDF]HQLH.VLĊJLMHGQDN]DSLVDQ\DOIDEHWHPDUDE VNLP F]ĊĞüVSRáHF]QRĞFLQLHW\ONRXPLDáDMHF]\WDüDOHWDNĪHSRWUDILáDVSR U]ąG]DüNROHMQHLFKNRSLH%\üPRĪH]DVDGQDE\áDE\ZLĊFKLSRWH]DĪHWR VDPL ILORPDFL SU]HND]DOL GR ]ELRUyZ GZRUVNLFK RZRF VZHM SUDF\ 'ZyU Z&]RPEURZLH– RERN:RURĔF]\– E\áMHGQ\P]QDM]QDNRPLWV]\FKZWHM okolicy, i jako taki – E\áPLHMVFHPVSRWNDĔMDNLHZSRáRZLH;,;Z organi-]RZDáR]LHPLDĔVWZR%\á\WRVSRWNDQLDOLWHUDWyZZW\PWDNĪHILORPDWyZ LILODUHWyZRUD]PX]\NyZSRHWyZLWS:RZ\PF]DVLHVSRWNDQLD WDNLHE\á\ ZUĊF]PDQLIHVWDFMąSROLW\F]QąLSDWULRW\F]Qą48:SRáRZLH;,;VWXOHFLD
46 -3XFKDOVNDKoran w Soplicowie. Tajemnicza historia pewnego manuskryptu, Äĩ\FLH7DWDU
VNLH´QUV-RUD]eadem, Dziedziczki Soplicowa, :DUV]DZD]ZáDV] F]DV- 47 Ibidem, V- 48 =RE*DEUMHOD]*QWHUyZ3X]\QLQD::LOQLHLZGZRUDFKOLWHZVNLFK3DPLĊWQLN]ODW– 1843Z\GDOL$&]DUWRU\VNL+0RĞFLFNL:LOQR2NXOWXURWZyUF]HMUROLGZRUX]LHPLDĔ VNLHJR]REWHĪ-0DURV]HN(5RJDOHZVND'ZyULUH]\GHQFMD]LHPLDĔVNDZNUDMREUD]LHNXOWX rowym Podlasia%LDá\VWRN =RE*DEUMHOD]*QWHUyZ3X]\QLQD::LOQLHLZGZRUDFKOLWHZVNLFK3DPLĊWQLN]ODW± 1843 Z\GDOL$&]DUWNRZVNL+0RĞFLFNL:LOQR2NXOWXURWZyUF]HMUROLGZRUX]LHPLDĔ- VNLHJR]REWHĪ-0DURV]HN(5RJDOHZVND'ZyULUH]\GHQFMD]LHPLDĔVNDZNUDMREUD]LHNXO-turowym Podlasia%LDá\VWRN
ZGUXNXGZLHZDĪQHSXEOLNDFMHRQLPG]LĊNLNWyU\P]RVWDá\Z\MDĞQLRQH RNROLF]QRĞFL RGQDOH]LHQLD PDQXVNU\SWX EĊGąFHJR QRZ\P RU\JLQDOQ\P ĨUyGáHPGRG]LHMyZSU]HNáDGXOLWHUDWXU\UHOLJLMQHM7DWDUyZ:./D]DUD]HP GRG]LHMyZSROV]F]\]Q\UHJLRQDOQHMLSyáQRFQRNUHVRZHM5ĊNRSLV
MHVWREHFQLHZSRVLDGDQLXSU\ZDWQ\P Z ]ELRU]H GRNXPHQWyZ SRGZRUVNLFK ] &]RPEURZD 3RMDZLD VLĊ S\WDQLH NWyUHVWDZLDVRELHUyZQLHĪZáDĞFLFLHOND]ELRUyZPLDQRZLFLH ZMDNLVSRVyE UĊNRSLVWáXPDF]HQLD WUDILáGR]ELRUyZ NDWROLFNLFKZáDĞFLFLHOL&]RP EURZD"2LOHQDWXUDOQ\PE\áRĪHZDUFKLZXPGZRUVNLP]QDOD]á\VLĊGRNX ]LHPLRUD]OLF]QHĞODG\LQQ\FKWUDQVDNFMLILQDQVRZ\FK]7DWD UDPLNWyU\FKZRNROLFDFK1RZRJUyGNDE\áRZLHOX
Z W\FK ]ELRUDFK UĊNRSLV SU]HNáDGX ĞZLĊWHM .VLĊJL PX]XáPDQyZ VWDQRZL SHZQą]DJDGNĊ:áDĞFLFLHONDPDQXVNU\SWXSU]\SXV]F]DĪHWáXPDF]HQLH
PRJáRVLĊ]QDOHĨüZ]ELRUDFKGZRUVNLFK]DSRĞUHGQLFWZHPPLHMVFR Z\FKZ\]QDZFyZLVODPX=SHZQRĞFLą]QDF]QDOLF]EDRVLDGá\FKSRG1R ZRJUyGNLHP7DWDUyZX]DVDGQLDWDNąWH]Ċ-HGQDNQLHZ\GDMHVLĊDE\VDPL 7DWDU]\E\OLLQLFMDWRUDPLWáXPDF]HQLDERZLHPZHJ]HJHW\FHPX]XáPDĔVNLHM SU]HNáDG WUDFLáVZyMVDNUDOQ\LREU]ĊGRZR UHOLJLMQ\FKDUDNWHU$SR QDGWRPX]XáPDQLH:./SRVLDGDOLUĊNRSLĞPLHQQHNRSLH ]DZLHUDMą F\FKSLHUZV]HSROVNLHWáXPDF]HQLH.VLĊJLMHGQDN]DSLVDQ\DOIDEHWHPDUDE VNLP F]ĊĞüVSRáHF]QRĞFLQLHW\ONRXPLDáDMHF]\WDüDOHWDNĪHSRWUDILáDVSR U]ąG]DüNROHMQHLFKNRSLH%\üPRĪH]DVDGQDE\áDE\ZLĊFKLSRWH]DĪHWR VDPL ILORPDFL SU]HND]DOL GR ]ELRUyZ GZRUVNLFK RZRF VZHM SUDF\ 'ZyU Z&]RPEURZLH RERN:RURĔF]\ E\áMHGQ\P]QDM]QDNRPLWV]\FKZWHM
E\áPLHMVFHPVSRWNDĔMDNLHZSRáRZLH;,;Z ]RZDáR]LHPLDĔVWZR%\á\WRVSRWNDQLDOLWHUDWyZZW\PWDNĪHILORPDWyZ LILODUHWyZRUD]PX]\NyZSRHWyZLWS:RZ\PF]DVLHVSRWNDQLD WDNLHE\á\ ZUĊF]PDQLIHVWDFMąSROLW\F]QąLSDWULRW\F]Qą :SRáRZLH;,;VWXOHFLD
-3XFKDOVND Äĩ\FLH7DWDU
VNLH´QUV RUD] :DUV]DZD]ZáDV] F]DV V =RE*DEUMHOD]*QWHUyZ3X]\QLQD::LOQLHLZGZRUDFKOLWHZVNLFK3DPLĊWQLN]ODW Z\GDOL$&]DUWRU\VNL+0RĞFLFNL:LOQR2NXOWXURWZyUF]HMUROLGZRUX]LHPLDĔ VNLHJR]REWHĪ-0DURV]HN(5RJDOHZVND'ZyULUH]\GHQFMD]LHPLDĔVNDZNUDMREUD]LHNXOWX %LDá\VWRN
LVODP Z]EXG]Dá ZLHONLH ]DLQWHUHVRZDQLH NWyUH QDUDVWDáR ZUD] ] IDOą RULHQWDOL]DFMLZV]WXFHLOLWHUDWXU]HWHJRRNUHVX– ]ZáDV]F]DĪHPX]XáPD QLHQD]LHPLDFK:./E\OLVąVLDGDPLNDWROLNyZ&RZLĊFHM– zaiQWHUHVR ZDQLHURG]LP\P2ULHQWHPZSHZQ\PVWRSQLXPRJáRE\üSRGV\FDQHIDN WHPLĪPX]XáPDQLHVWDQRZLOLJUXSĊKRPRJHQLF]QąRRGPLHQQHMUHOLJLL ,VWQLHMH]DWHPGXĪHSUDZGRSRGRELHĔVWZRĪHQDWDNLPVSRWNDQLXSU]HG PLRWHPG\VNXVMLPRJá\E\üUyZQLHĪNZHVWLHUHOLJLMQHZW\PWDNĪHWUDQV ODFMDQDMĊ]\NSROVNLPX]XáPDĔVNLHM.VLĊJL'ODWHJRQLHPRĪQDZ\NOX F]\üĪHUĊNRSLVSU]HNáDGXSR]RVWDáZGZRU]HMDNRSRNáRVLHWDNLFKZáD ĞQLHG\VNXVML1LHZ\GDMHVLĊQDWRPLDVWSUDZGRSRGREQDWH]DĪHREHFQRĞü UĊNRSLVXZ&]RPEURZLHPD]ZLą]HN]GDZQ\PLWDWDUVNLPLNRU]HQLDPL LWUDG\FMDPLURG]LQ\GRĞZLDGF]HQLHXF]\ĪHURG]LQ\NWyUHGRNRQ\ZDá\ NRQZHUVMLQDFKU]HĞFLMDĔVWZRUDF]HMQLHJURPDG]Lá\WHJRW\SXOLWHUDWXU\ 1LHZ\GDMHVLĊUyZQLHĪSUDZGRSRGREQHDE\]DE\WHN]RVWDáSU]HND]DQ\ niejaNRGRNRQVXOWDFMLPLHMVFRZ\P7DWDURPNWyU]\PLHOLNRPSHWHQFMH DE\SRUyZQDüJR]WUDG\F\MQ\PtefsiremSUDZGRSRGREQLHNRQVXOWDFMD WDNDPLDáDPLHMVFHZSU]\SDGNXHG\FMLZDUV]DZVNLHMV\JQRZDQHMSU]H] -DQD%XF]DFNLHJRIRW 1LHVWHW\GZyUZ&]RPEURZLHZ F]DVLHG]LDáDĔZRMHQQ\FKZ3 U ]RVWDáVSDORQ\SU]H]VRZLHWyZDZUD]]QLP]QLV]F]HQLXXOHJáQLHZąWSOL ZLH FHQQ\ ]ELyU GZRUVNLFK DUFKLZDOLyZ 2FDODáR QLHZLHOH SDPLąWHN ZĞUyGQLFKRGQDOH]LRQ\RVWDWQLRIUDJPHQWUĊNRSLVXKoranu3RZRMQLH V]F]ĊĞOLZLHZUD]]RVWDWQLPLG]LHG]LF]NDPLGZRUXWUDILáGR3ROVNLLMHVW REHFQLHSU]HFKRZ\ZDQ\ZSU\ZDWQ\FK]ELRUDFKF]RPEURZVNLHJRDUFKL ZXP SRGZRUVNLHJR ']LVLDM QLH PRĪQD VWZLHUG]Lü F]\ Z DUFKLZXP GZRUXZ&]RPEURZLH]QDMGRZDáVLĊSU]HGZRMQąSHáQ\SROVNLSU]HNáDG .VLĊJLLVODPXF]\W\ONRWHQRFDODá\IUDJPHQW
:QDVWĊSVWZLHW\FKXVWDOHĔQDV]HQDG]LHMH]ZLą]DQH]LGHQW\ILNDFMą UĊNRSLVXVNLHURZDá\VLĊNXZFLąĪQLHZ\MDĞQLRQ\PORVRPW]ZSU]HNáDGX ILORPDFNLHJR6]XNDMąFRGSRZLHG]LQDPQRĪąFHVLĊS\WDQLD]DF]ĊOLĞP\ áąF]\ü UĊNRSLV ] SUDFą WUDQVODWRUVNą Z\NRQDQą Z ODWDFK GZXG]LHVW\FK ;,;ZSU]H]GZyFKILORPDWyZZLOHĔVNLFK– ,JQDFHJR'RPH\NĊRUD]NV 'LRQL]HJR&KOHZLĔVNLHJR7RZáDĞQLH]ORVDPLWHJRSU]HNáDGXZLąĪHVLĊ ZLHOH ZFLąĪ QLHZ\MDĞQLRQ\FK RNROLF]QRĞFL GR QDMZDĪQLHMV]\FK QDOHĪ\ EUDN RU\JLQDáX UĊNRSLVX SU]HNáDGX =DJDGNRZH MHVW UyZQLHĪ SRGMĊFLH
SUDZGRSRGREQLH RN U GUXNX ILORPDFNLHJR SU]HNáDGX Koranu, DQDVWĊSQLHSU]HUZDQLHJRL]QLV]F]HQLHQDNáDGX]Z\MąWNLHP]DFKRZD QHJRIUDJPHQWXZZ\GDZQLFWZLH%HUQDUGD3RWRFkiego w Poznaniu49, DWDNĪHXND]DQLHVLĊZUZ:DUV]DZLHGUXNRZDQHMHG\FMLILORPDF NLHJRSU]HNáDGX.VLĊJLSRGQD]ZLVNLHPPáRGHJR7DWDUD ]3RGODVLD-DQD Murzy Tarak Buczackiego ']LVLDM ZLHP\ LĪ U]HF]\ZLVW\P DXWRUHP SLHUZV]HJRGUXNRZDQHJRSU]HNáDGXKoranu QDMĊ]\NSROVNLZFDOHQLHE\á -DQ %XF]DFNL OHF]SU]HNáDGX GRNRQDOL Z ODWDFK GZXG]LHVW\FK ;,; Z GZDMILORPDFLZLOHĔVF\NV'LRQL]\&KOHZLĔVNLRUD],JQDF\'RPH\NR 2EDM]DIDVF\QRZDQLÄSROVNR-OLWHZVNLP2ULHQWHP´NXOWXUąKLVWRULąLUH OLJLą7DWDUyZ– PX]XáPDQyZ:./Z\NRQDOLVZHG]LHáR– MDNVDPLSLVDOL ZNRUHVSRQGHQFML– ÄGODQDV]\FK7DWDUyZĪHVDPLVLHELHUR]XPLHüEĊGą LRGWąGGURĪV]\GODQLFKVWDQLHVLĊMĊ]\NLFKRMFyZ´ =HG\FMąWHJRSU]HNáDGXZLąĪąVLĊ]DJDGNLLWDMHPQLFHNWyU\FKSU]\ najmniej KLSRWHW\F]QH Z\MDĞQLHQLH PD ĞFLVá\ L EH]SRĞUHGQL ]ZLą]HN ]LGHQW\ILNDFMąUĊNRSLVX]&]RPEURZD.LONDIDNWyZ]W\P]ZLą]DQ\FK ]DV\JQDOL]XMHP\ZGXĪ\PVNUyFLHRGV\áDMąF]DLQWHUHVRZDQ\FKGRV]F]H JyáRZHM OLWHUDWXU\ SU]HGPLRWX : W\P NRQWHNĞFLH VWDZLDOLĞP\ VRELH S\WDQLHFRVLĊVWDáR]UĊNRSLVDPLSU]HNáDGXQDSRGVWDZLHNWyU\FKGZX NURWQLHSRGHMPRZDQRMHJRGUXN"&]\PRĪOLZHMHVWĪHZDUFKLZDFKOXE ELEOLRWHNDFK QLH ]DFKRZDá VLĊ QLH W\ONR RU\JLQDOQ\ UĊNRSLV SU]HNáDGX ILORPDWyZDOHUyZQLHĪDQLMHGQDMHJRNRSLD"
49 Koran EUDNLQQ\FKGDQ\FKQDNDUFLHW\WXáRZHM:OLWHUDWXU]HSU]HGPLRWXSU]HNáDGWHQMHVW
QD]\ZDQ\ ÄSU]HNáDGHP ILORPDFNLP´ ]DFKRZDáR VLĊ W\ONR SLHUZV]\FK QDMGáXĪV]\FK VXU ]VXU\RFDODáRW\ONRDMDWyZDQLHSU]HNáDGXZ\GUXNRZDQ\FKSUDZGRSRGREQLHRN UZGUXNDUQL%3RWRFNLHJRZ3R]QDQLX:\GDQLHZVSyáF]HVQH.RUDQ3U]HNáDGILORPD tów6DQGRPLHU] Koran (Al-Koran]DUDEVNLHJRSU]HNáDGSROVNL-07DUDN%XF]DFNLHJo:DUV]DZD =GDQLH]NRUHVSRQGHQFML,'RPH\NLF\W]D=:yMFLN )LORPDFNLSU]HNáDG$ONRUDQXGOD Tatarów QRZRJUyG]NLFKÄ/LWHUDWXUD/XGRZD´QUV-
3RUQS7%DLUDãDXVNDLWơPirmasis Korano vertimas Lietuvoje³MnjVǐSUDHLWLV³1994, nr 4,
V-18=:yMFLNop. cit.V-$'UR]G:VSUDZLHDXWRUVWZDÄ.RUDQX%XF]DFNLHJR´ >Z@ Z Mekki do Poznania 0DWHULDá\ 2JyOQRSROVNLHM .RQIHUHQFML $UDELVW\F]QHM SRG UHG +-DQNRZVNLHJR3R]QDĔV-&]àDSLF]1LH]Z\NáHlosy pierwszego drukowanego SU]HNáDGX.RUDQXQD MĊ]\NSROVNL Ä3R]QDĔVNLH 6WXGLD 3RORQLVW\F]QH 6HULD -Ċ]\NR]QDZF]D´ W]V-
SUDZGRSRGREQLH RN U GUXNX ILORPDFNLHJR SU]HNáDGX DQDVWĊSQLHSU]HUZDQLHJRL]QLV]F]HQLHQDNáDGX]Z\MąWNLHP]DFKRZD QHJRIUDJPHQWXZZ\GDZQLFWZLH%HUQDUGD3RWRF DWDNĪHXND]DQLHVLĊZUZ:DUV]DZLHGUXNRZDQHMHG\FMLILORPDF NLHJRSU]HNáDGX.VLĊJLSRGQD]ZLVNLHPPáRGHJR7DWDUD ]3RGODVLD-DQD ']LVLDM ZLHP\ LĪ U]HF]\ZLVW\P DXWRUHP SLHUZV]HJRGUXNRZDQHJRSU]HNáDGX QDMĊ]\NSROVNLZFDOHQLHE\á -DQ %XF]DFNL OHF]SU]HNáDGX GRNRQDOL Z ODWDFK GZXG]LHVW\FK ;,; Z GZDMILORPDFLZLOHĔVF\NV'LRQL]\&KOHZLĔVNLRUD],JQDF\'RPH\NR 2EDM]DIDVF\QRZDQLÄSROVNR OLWHZVNLP2ULHQWHP´NXOWXUąKLVWRULąLUH OLJLą7DWDUyZ PX]XáPDQyZ:./Z\NRQDOLVZHG]LHáR MDNVDPLSLVDOL ZNRUHVSRQGHQFML ÄGODQDV]\FK7DWDUyZĪHVDPLVLHELHUR]XPLHüEĊGą LRGWąGGURĪV]\GODQLFKVWDQLHVLĊMĊ]\NLFKRMFyZ´ =HG\FMąWHJRSU]HNáDGXZLąĪąVLĊ]DJDGNLLWDMHPQLFHNWyU\FKSU]\ KLSRWHW\F]QH Z\MDĞQLHQLH PD ĞFLVá\ L EH]SRĞUHGQL ]ZLą]HN ]LGHQW\ILNDFMąUĊNRSLVX]&]RPEURZD.LONDIDNWyZ]W\P]ZLą]DQ\FK ]DV\JQDOL]XMHP\ZGXĪ\PVNUyFLHRGV\áDMąF]DLQWHUHVRZDQ\FKGRV]F]H JyáRZHM OLWHUDWXU\ SU]HGPLRWX : W\P NRQWHNĞFLH VWDZLDOLĞP\ VRELH S\WDQLHFRVLĊVWDáR]UĊNRSLVDPLSU]HNáDGXQDSRGVWDZLHNWyU\FKGZX NURWQLHSRGHMPRZDQRMHJRGUXN"&]\PRĪOLZHMHVWĪHZDUFKLZDFKOXE ELEOLRWHNDFK QLH ]DFKRZDá VLĊ QLH W\ONR RU\JLQDOQ\ UĊNRSLV SU]HNáDGX ILORPDWyZDOHUyZQLHĪDQLMHGQDMHJRNRSLD"
EUDNLQQ\FKGDQ\FKQDNDUFLHW\WXáRZHM:OLWHUDWXU]HSU]HGPLRWXSU]HNáDGWHQMHVW QD]\ZDQ\ ÄSU]HNáDGHP ILORPDFNLP´ ]DFKRZDáR VLĊ W\ONR SLHUZV]\FK QDMGáXĪV]\FK VXU ]VXU\RFDODáRW\ONRDMDWyZDQLHSU]HNáDGXZ\GUXNRZDQ\FKSUDZGRSRGREQLHRN UZGUXNDUQL%3RWRFNLHJRZ3R]QDQLX:\GDQLHZVSyáF]HVQH.RUDQ3U]HNáDGILORPD 6DQGRPLHU] ]DUDEVNLHJRSU]HNáDGSROVNL-07DUDN%XF]DFNLHJ :DUV]DZD =GDQLH]NRUHVSRQGHQFML,'RPH\NLF\W]D=:yMFLN )LORPDFNLSU]HNáDG$ONRUDQXGOD QRZRJUyG]NLFKÄ/LWHUDWXUD/XGRZD´QUV 3RUQS7%DLUDãDXVNDLWơ ³ njVǐSUDHLWLV³ V =:yMFLN V $'UR]G:VSUDZLHDXWRUVWZDÄ.RUDQX%XF]DFNLHJR´ >Z@ 0DWHULDá\ 2JyOQRSROVNLHM .RQIHUHQFML $UDELVW\F]QHM SRG UHG +-DQNRZVNLHJR3R]QDĔV &]àDSLF]1LH]Z\NáH
SU]HNáDGX.RUDQXQD MĊ]\NSROVNL Ä3R]QDĔVNLH 6WXGLD 3RORQLVW\F]QH 6HULD -Ċ]\NR]QDZF]D´ W]V
)RW
6WURQDW\WXáRZDKoranu Z\GDQHJRZUZ:DUV]DZLH QDNáDGHP$OHNVDQGUD1RZROHFNLHJR
']LVLDM ZLHP\ ĪHSR XNRĔF]HQLXSUDF\ WUDQVODWRUVNLHM DXWRU]\ – &KOHZLĔVNLL'RPH\NR– SRGMĊOLZFDUVNLHMFHQ]XU]HZ:LOQLHVWDUDQLD o pozwolenie na druk przHNáDGX&]\QLOLWR]UHV]WąEH]ZLHONLFKQDG]LHL QDSR]\W\ZQ\VNXWHNVWDUDĔF]HPXGDZDOLZ\UD]ZVZHMNRUHVSRQGHQ cji 5]HF]\ZLĞFLH – VSRWNDáD LFK RGPRZD XU]ĊGX FHQ]RUVNLHJR QLH
2]DELHJDFKZFDUVNLHMFHQ]XU]HSLVDá,JQDF\'RPH\NRZOLĞFLH]ZU]HĞQLDUGR
ILORPDW\2QXIUHJR3LHWUDV]NLHZLF]D3RPLPRWR]DZDUáHPMXĪXPRZĊZLPLHQLX7DWDUyZQRZR JUyG]NLFKRGUXN$ONRUDQX]*O>F@NVEHUJLHPLUĊNRSLVPSROVNLRGGDQRGRFHQ]XU\ZLOHĔVNLHM
PRJáR E\ü LQDF]HM REDM ERZLHP ZF]HĞQLHM E\OL VND]DQL Z SURFHVLH ILORPDWyZQD]ZLVNDREXZLGQLDá\ZNDUWRWHNDFKFDUVNLHMSROLFML7UDQV latorzy – WUDFąFZLDUĊZVNXWHF]QRĞüZáDVQ\FKVWDUDĔZFHQ]XU]HZL OHĔVNLHM– SU]HND]DOLUĊNRSLVVZHJRG]LHáD7DWDURPE\WRRQL]DELHJDOL R GUXN WHNVWX 6WRVRZQą SURĞEĊ ]áRĪ\á X VDPHJR FDUD 0LNRáDMa I w Sankt-3HWHUVEXUJX ]QDQ\7DWDULPX]XáPDQLQ-y]HI6REROHZVNL3R GDáVLĊRQSU]\W\P– ]DSHZQH]DZLHG]ąL]JRGąU]HF]\ZLVW\FKWUDQV ODWRUyZ – ]DDXWRUDSU]HNáDGXKoranu ]MĊ]\ND URV\MVNLHJR-HGQDN FDU UyZQLHĪ QLH Z\GDá ]JRG\ QDSXEOLNDFMĊ SU]HNáDGX ZáDVQRUĊF]QLH SLV]ąFQDZQLRVNX1LHZLG]ĊZW\PĪDGQHMNRU]\ĞFL&KFLDáRE\VLĊĪHE\
i oni >W]Q7DWDU]\@ SR SHZQ\P F]DVLHPLHV]NDMąF ZĞUyG FKU]HĞFLMDQ GRáąF]\OLGRFKU]HĞFLMDĔVWZD. 3U]H]NLONDQDĞFLHNROHMQ\FKODW–SU]HNáDGSR]RVWDZDá ZUĊNRSLVLHEH]QDG]LHLQDGUXN6DPLDXWRU]\WáXPDF]HQLD]UyĪQ\FK SU]\F]\QQLHPLHOLMXĪDQLF]DVXDQLPRĪOLZRĞFLE\NRQW\QXRZDüVWD UDQLDR]JRGĊFHQ]XU\QDSXEOLNDFMĊ-HGQDNZU"GUXNSU]H NáDGXUR]SRF]ąáZ3R]QDQLXDZLĊFSR]DMXU\VG\NFMąFDUDZ\Gawca %3RWRFNL'UXN]RVWDáMHGQDNSU]HUZDQ\DZ\GDZFD]QLV]F]\áQDNáDG ]Z\MąWNLHPV]F]ĊĞOLZLHRFDODáHJRIUDJPHQWXOLF]ąFHJRSLHUZV]\FK D ZLĊF QDMGáXĪV]\FK VXU PDMąF\FK ]DOHGZLH IRUPĊ GUXNDUVNLHM V]F]RWNLEH]DGLXVWDFMLLNRUHNW\EH]PHU\WRU\F]Qej i technicznej re-dakcjiIRW
NWyUDMHĞOLJRQLHSU]\MPLH7DWDURZLHPDMąSRGDüSURĞEĊGR&HVDU]DRSR]ZROHQLHGUXNRZDQLa LPNVLąJGRQDERĪHĔVWZD (=:yMFLk, op. cit.V
7DNąWH]ĊSRVWDZLá$'UR]Gop. cit.V
7%DLUDãDXVNDLWơop. cit.V:DUWRGRGDüLĪZRJyOHZáDG]HURV\MVNLHZV]HONLFKV]F]HEOL
EDUG]RQLHXIQLHWUDNWRZDá\7DWDUyZOLWHZVNR-SROVNLFK]UHV]WąQLHW\ONR]HZ]JOĊGXQDLFKSRO VNRĞüDOHWDNĪH]HZ]JOĊGXQD]ZLą]NLNXOWXURZR-UHOLJLMQHQDV]\FK7DWDUyZ]NUDMDPLLVODPX RUD] LFK V\PSDWLH SURWXUHFNLH Z ;,; Z 5RVMD SU]H] NLOND G]LHVLĊFLROHFL SR]RVWDZDáD ]7XUFMąZVWDQLHZRMQ\
Na karcie katalogowej egzemplarza tego wydania pU]HFKRZ\ZDQHJR Z %LEOLRWHFH 3$1
PRJáR E\ü LQDF]HM REDM ERZLHP ZF]HĞQLHM E\OL VND]DQL Z SURFHVLH ILORPDWyZQD]ZLVNDREXZLGQLDá\ZNDUWRWHNDFKFDUVNLHMSROLFML7UDQV
WUDFąFZLDUĊZVNXWHF]QRĞüZáDVQ\FKVWDUDĔZFHQ]XU]HZL OHĔVNLHM SU]HND]DOLUĊNRSLVVZHJRG]LHáD7DWDURPE\WRRQL]DELHJDOL R GUXN WHNVWX 6WRVRZQą SURĞEĊ ]áRĪ\á X VDPHJR FDUD 0LNRáDM
3HWHUVEXUJX ]QDQ\7DWDULPX]XáPDQLQ-y]HI6REROHZVNL3R GDáVLĊRQSU]\W\P ]DSHZQH]DZLHG]ąL]JRGąU]HF]\ZLVW\FKWUDQV ODWRUyZ ]DDXWRUDSU]HNáDGX ]MĊ]\ND URV\MVNLHJR-HGQDN FDU UyZQLHĪ QLH Z\GDá ]JRG\ QDSXEOLNDFMĊ SU]HNáDGX ZáDVQRUĊF]QLH SLV]ąFQDZQLRVNX1LHZLG]ĊZW\PĪDGQHMNRU]\ĞFL&KFLDáRE\VLĊĪHE\ >W]Q7DWDU]\@ SR SHZQ\P F]DVLHPLHV]NDMąF ZĞUyG FKU]HĞFLMDQ
GRáąF]\OLGRFKU]HĞFLMDĔVWZD 3U]H]NLONDQDĞFLHNROHMQ\FKODW SU]HNáDGSR]RVWDZDá ZUĊNRSLVLHEH]QDG]LHLQDGUXN6DPLDXWRU]\WáXPDF]HQLD]UyĪQ\FK SU]\F]\QQLHPLHOLMXĪDQLF]DVXDQLPRĪOLZRĞFLE\NRQW\QXRZDüVWD UDQLDR]JRGĊFHQ]XU\QDSXEOLNDFMĊ-HGQDNZU"GUXNSU]H NáDGXUR]SRF]ąáZ3R]QDQLXDZLĊFSR]DMXU\VG\NFMąFDUDZ\G %3RWRFNL'UXN]RVWDáMHGQDNSU]HUZDQ\DZ\GDZFD]QLV]F]\áQDNáDG ]Z\MąWNLHPV]F]ĊĞOLZLHRFDODáHJRIUDJPHQWXOLF]ąFHJRSLHUZV]\FK D ZLĊF QDMGáXĪV]\FK VXU PDMąF\FK ]DOHGZLH IRUPĊ GUXNDUVNLHM V]F]RWNLEH]DGLXVWDFMLLNRUHNW\EH]PHU\WRU\F]Q IRW NWyUDMHĞOLJRQLHSU]\MPLH7DWDURZLHPDMąSRGDüSURĞEĊGR&HVDU]DRSR]ZROHQLHGUXNRZDQL LPNVLąJGRQDERĪHĔVWZD =:yMFL V 7DNąWH]ĊSRVWDZLá$'UR]G V 7%DLUDãDXVNDLWơ V:DUWRGRGDüLĪZRJyOHZáDG]HURV\MVNLHZV]HONLFKV]F]HEOL EDUG]RQLHXIQLHWUDNWRZDá\7DWDUyZOLWHZVNR SROVNLFK]UHV]WąQLHW\ONR]HZ]JOĊGXQDLFKSRO VNRĞüDOHWDNĪH]HZ]JOĊGXQD]ZLą]NLNXOWXURZR UHOLJLMQHQDV]\FK7DWDUyZ]NUDMDPLLVODPX RUD] LFK V\PSDWLH SURWXUHFNLH Z ;,; Z 5RVMD SU]H] NLOND G]LHVLĊFLROHFL SR]RVWDZDáD ]7XUFMąZVWDQLHZRMQ\ U]HFKRZ\ZDQHJR Z %LEOLRWHFH 3$1 Z.yUQLNXZVND]DQRMDNRDXWRUDSU]HNáDGX-y]HID6REROHZVNLHJR )RW 6WURQDSLHUZV]HJRSROVNLHJRSU]HNáDGXKoranu DXWRUVWZDZLOHĔVNLFKILORPDWyZ]GUXNDUQL %3RWRFNLHJRZ3R]QDQLX]DZLHUDIUDJPHQWF]WHU\DMDW\F]\OLZHUV\VXU\2WZLHUDMąFHM WX]DW\WXáRZDQHM:VWĊSQDSRGVWDZLHHJ]HPSODU]D]%LEOLRWHNL3$1Z.yUQLNX 3RGHMPXMąFNLONDNURWQLHVWDUDQLDR]JRGĊQDGUXNSU]HNáDGXQDMSLHUZ MHJRDXWRU]\ZFHQ]XU]HZLOHĔVNLHMSyĨQLHM7DWDU]\ZNDQFHODULLFDUVNLHM ZZ\GDZQLFWZLHSR]QDĔVNLPRUD]ZFHQ]XU]HZDUV]DZVNLHMLw wydaw-QLFWZLH 1RZROHFNLHJR QLHZąWSOLZLH PXVLHOL VNáDGDü UĊNRSLV\ F]\VWR SLV\XNRĔF]RQHJRG]LHáD7U]HEDSU]\MąüĪHSRZVWDáRFRQDMPQLHMNLOND
NRSLL SU]HNáDGX FKRü QLHNRQLHF]QLH VSRU]ąG]DOL MH VDPL WUDQVODWRU]\ .RSLRZDQLH WHNVWyZ UHOLJLMQ\FK PLHĞFLáR VLĊ Z WUDG\FML L SUDNW\FH SL ĞPLHQQLF]HM7DWDUyZ:./NWyU]\SU]H]VWXOHFLDRG;9,ZZWHQVSR VyEVSRU]ąG]DOLVZRMHtefsiry, kitaby, FKDPDLá\ RUD]LQQHNVLĊJLL SLVPD XĪ\WNRZH = SHZQRĞFLą VSRU]ąG]RQR UyZQLHĪ MDNąĞ OLF]EĊ NRSLL SU]H NáDGXILORPDWyZNWyUH QLHW\ONR]RVWDá\]áRĪRQHZXU]ĊGDFKFHQ]RUVNLFK RUD]RILF\QDFKZ\GDZQLF]\FKDOHSR]RVWDá\UyZQLHĪ w domowych ar-FKLZDFKEąGĨVDP\FKNRSLVWyZEąGĨRVyE]DLQWHUHVRZDQ\FKLFKSRVLD daniem=SHZQRĞFLąUĊNRSLVWDNLSRVLDGDá7DWDU LPX]XáPDQLQ-y]HI 6REROHZVNLNWyU\VNáDGDáSHW\FMĊGRFDUDZVSUDZLHGUXNXSU]HNáadu, DQLHFRSyĨQLHMF\WRZDáWHQSU]HNáDGZHZáDVQHMSXEOLNDFML]U 5ĊNRSLVHP SU]HNáDGXPXVLDáUyZQLHĪG\VSRQRZDüZ\GDZFDSR]QDĔVNL %HUQDUG3RWRFNLNWyU\UR]SRF]ąáMHJRGUXN'ODWHJRG]LVLDMPRĪHG]LZLü IDNW LĪ QLH ]DFKRZDá VLĊ D Z NDĪG\P UD]LH QLH MHVW D UDF]HM QLH E\á ]QDQ\QLHW\ONRRU\JLQDOQ\UĊNRSLV&KOHZLĔVNLHJo i 'RPH\NLDOHWDNĪH DQLMHGQDMHJRNRSLD1DV]DZLHG]DRILORPDFNLHMZHUVMLSU]HNáDGXSRFKR G]LSU]HGHZV]\VWNLP]QLHDGLXVWRZDQHJRIUDJPHQWXHG\FMLSR]QDĔVNLHM oraz z opracowanej redakcyjnie, a zatem ZSRUyZQDQLX]RU\JLQDOQ\P UĊNRSLVHP]QDF]QLH]PLHQLRQHMZHUVMLZDUV]DZVNLHMNWyUDXND]DáDVLĊ pRGQD]ZLVNLHP-DQD%XF]DFNLHJR àąF]ąFUyĪQHIDNW\RUD]VWU]ĊSNLĨUyGáRZ\FKLQIRUPDFMLRORVDFKIL ORPDFNLHJRSU]HNáDGXFRUD]Z\UDĨQLHMGRVWU]HJDOLĞP\]DVDGQRĞüLFHOR ZRĞüLGHQW\ILNRZDQLDPDQXVNU\SWX]QLH]QDQ\PGRWąG ZQDXFHUĊNRSL VHPSU]HNáDGX'RPH\NLL&KOHZLĔVNLHJR7R]DSHZQHWDNLHZáDĞQLHUĊ NRSLĞPLHQQHNRSLHE\á\]DáąF]QLNDPLGR ZQLRVNyZR]JRGĊQDGUXNSU]H NáDGXVNáDGDQ\FKZXU]ĊGDFKFHQ]RUVNLFKWDNLUĊNRSLVPyJáE\üUyZ QLHĪSRGVWDZąHG\FMLSR]QDĔVNLHMDWDNĪH– po gruntownym opracowaniu
1LHZąWSOLZLHSRVLDGDQLHPSU]HNáDGXV]F]HJyOQLH]DLQWHUHVRZDQLE\OLVDPL7DWDU]\NWyU]\ pilnie ĞOHG]LOLSUDFHQDGMHJRSRZVWDZDQLHP0RĪQD]DU\]\NRZDüWH]ĊĪHZáDĞQLHZWHG\UĊNRSLV SU]HNáDGXWUDILáUyZQLHĪGRSRZV]HFKQLH]QDQHMLV]DQRZDQHMWDWDUVNLHMPX]XáPDĔVNLHMURG]LQ\ %XF]DFNLFK -DNXE 0XU]D %XF]DFNL ]P Z U G]LDGHN -DQD E\á PDUV]DáNLHP VĊG]Lą LSRVáHP
3RU&]àDSLF]ħUyGáDF\WDWyZNRUDQLF]Q\FKZ:\NáDG]LHZLDU\PDFKRPHWDĔVNLHMF]\OLLĞODP VNLHM«-y]HID6REROHZVNLHJR]U>Z@7DWDU]\:LHONLHJR.VLĊVWZD/LWHZVNLHJRZKLVWRULL MĊ]\NXLNXOWXU]HSRGUHG-.XOZLFNLHM-.DPLĔVNLHML&]àDSLF]D7RUXĔV-
NRSLL SU]HNáDGX FKRü QLHNRQLHF]QLH VSRU]ąG]DOL MH VDPL WUDQVODWRU]\ .RSLRZDQLH WHNVWyZ UHOLJLMQ\FK PLHĞFLáR VLĊ Z WUDG\FML L SUDNW\FH SL ĞPLHQQLF]HM7DWDUyZ:./NWyU]\SU]H]VWXOHFLDRG;9,ZZWHQVSR
VyEVSRU]ąG]DOLVZRMH FKDPDLá\ RUD]LQQHNVLĊJLL SLVPD
XĪ\WNRZH = SHZQRĞFLą VSRU]ąG]RQR UyZQLHĪ MDNąĞ OLF]EĊ NRSLL SU]H NáDGXILORPDWyZNWyUH QLHW\ONR]RVWDá\]áRĪRQHZXU]ĊGDFKFHQ]RUVNLFK RUD]RILF\QDFKZ\GDZQLF]\FKDOHSR]RVWDá\UyZQLHĪ FKLZDFKEąGĨVDP\FKNRSLVWyZEąGĨRVyE]DLQWHUHVRZDQ\FKLFKSRVLD =SHZQRĞFLąUĊNRSLVWDNLSRVLDGDá7DWDU LPX]XáPDQLQ-y]HI 6REROHZVNLNWyU\VNáDGDáSHW\FMĊGRFDUDZVSUDZLHGUXNXSU]HNá DQLHFRSyĨQLHMF\WRZDáWHQSU]HNáDGZHZáDVQHMSXEOLNDFML]U 5ĊNRSLVHP SU]HNáDGXPXVLDáUyZQLHĪG\VSRQRZDüZ\GDZFDSR]QDĔVNL %HUQDUG3RWRFNLNWyU\UR]SRF]ąáMHJRGUXN'ODWHJRG]LVLDMPRĪHG]LZLü IDNW LĪ QLH ]DFKRZDá VLĊ D Z NDĪG\P UD]LH QLH MHVW D UDF]HM QLH E\á ]QDQ\QLHW\ONRRU\JLQDOQ\UĊNRSLV&KOHZLĔVNLHJ 'RPH\NLDOHWDNĪH DQLMHGQDMHJRNRSLD1DV]DZLHG]DRILORPDFNLHMZHUVMLSU]HNáDGXSRFKR G]LSU]HGHZV]\VWNLP]QLHDGLXVWRZDQHJRIUDJPHQWXHG\FMLSR]QDĔVNLHM ZSRUyZQDQLX]RU\JLQDOQ\P UĊNRSLVHP]QDF]QLH]PLHQLRQHMZHUVMLZDUV]DZVNLHMNWyUDXND]DáDVLĊ RGQD]ZLVNLHP-DQD%XF]DFNLHJR àąF]ąFUyĪQHIDNW\RUD]VWU]ĊSNLĨUyGáRZ\FKLQIRUPDFMLRORVDFKIL ORPDFNLHJRSU]HNáDGXFRUD]Z\UDĨQLHMGRVWU]HJDOLĞP\]DVDGQRĞüLFHOR ZRĞüLGHQW\ILNRZDQLDPDQXVNU\SWX]QLH]QDQ\PGRWąG ZQDXFHUĊNRSL VHPSU]HNáDGX'RPH\NLL&KOHZLĔVNLHJR7R]DSHZQHWDNLHZáDĞQLHUĊ NRSLĞPLHQQHNRSLHE\á\]DáąF]QLNDPLGR ZQLRVNyZR]JRGĊQDGUXNSU]H NáDGXVNáDGDQ\FKZXU]ĊGDFKFHQ]RUVNLFKWDNLUĊNRSLVPyJáE\üUyZ QLHĪSRGVWDZąHG\FMLSR]QDĔVNLHMDWDNĪH 1LHZąWSOLZLHSRVLDGDQLHPSU]HNáDGXV]F]HJyOQLH]DLQWHUHVRZDQLE\OLVDPL7DWDU]\NWyU]\ ĞOHG]LOLSUDFHQDGMHJRSRZVWDZDQLHP0RĪQD]DU\]\NRZDüWH]ĊĪHZáDĞQLHZWHG\UĊNRSLV SU]HNáDGXWUDILáUyZQLHĪGRSRZV]HFKQLH]QDQHMLV]DQRZDQHMWDWDUVNLHMPX]XáPDĔVNLHMURG]LQ\ %XF]DFNLFK -DNXE 0XU]D %XF]DFNL ]P Z U G]LDGHN -DQD E\á PDUV]DáNLHP VĊG]Lą LSRVáHP
3RU&]àDSLF]ħUyGáDF\WDWyZNRUDQLF]Q\FKZ:\NáDG]LHZLDU\PDFKRPHWDĔVNLHMF]\OLLĞODP VNLHM«-y]HID6REROHZVNLHJR]U>Z@7DWDU]\:LHONLHJR.VLĊVWZD/LWHZVNLHJRZKLVWRULL MĊ]\NXLNXOWXU]HSRGUHG-.XOZLFNLHM .DPLĔVNLHML&]àDSLF]D7RUXĔV
UHGDNF\MQ\PRUD]DGLXVWDFMLIRUPDOQHMLPHU\WRU\F]QHM– wydania war-V]DZVNLHJR
=DFKRZDQ\IUDJPHQWSU]HNáDGXILORPDWyZ]HG\FMLSR]QDĔVNLHMREHM PXMHSLHUZV]\FKF]\OLQDMGáXĪV]\FKVXUµUR]G]LDáyZ¶Koranu oraz DMDWyZµZHUVHWyZZLHUV]\¶VXU\MHGHQDVWHMZVXPLHIUDJPHQWWHQ OLF]\DMDWyZ3U]\MPXMąFZSU]\EOLĪHQLXĪHSHáQ\Koran zawiera RNDMDWyZáDWZRXVWDOLüLĪIUDJPHQWZ\GDQLD%3RWRFNLHJRVWDQRZL RNRáRFDáNRZLWHMOLF]E\NRUDQLF]Q\FKZHUVHWyZ61 2GQDOH]LRQ\UĊNRSLV]&]RPEURZD]DZLHUDZSUDZG]LHDĪVXU MHGQDNZVXPLHOLF]ąRQH]DOHGZLHDMDWyZVWURQ\UĊNRSLVXW]Q RNSHáQHMREMĊWRĞFL.VLĊJL:\QLNDWR]IDNWXLĪWHQIUDJPHQWUĊ NRSLVXREHMPXMHVXU\NRĔFRZHDZLĊFQDMNUyWV]HQLHNWyUH ]QLFKOLF]ą zaledwie 3-DMDW\2SLV\ZDQ\UĊNRSLV]DZLHUDZLĊFVXU\/;IX-LXXI RUD]RG/;;;,;GR&;, *G\E\RED]DFKRZDQHIUDJPHQW\SU]HNáDGXILORPDFNLHJR– HG\FMĊ SR]QDĔVNąRUD]UĊNRSLV]&]RPEURZD– UR]SDWU\ZDüáąF]QLHZyZF]DV RNDĪHVLĊ, ĪH]DFKRZDáRVLĊVXUNWyUH]DZLHUDMąDMDWyZFRVWD QRZLREMĊWRĞFLFDáHJRKoranu3R]RVWDáHIUDJPHQW\ILORPDFNLHgo SU]HNáDGX]DSHZQHF]HNDMąQDVZRLFKRGNU\ZFyZ :DUWR]ZUyFLüXZDJĊQDWRĪHMĊ]\NIUDJPHQWX]&]RPEURZDRUD] HG\FMLSR]QDĔVNLHMMHVWQLHPDOLGHQW\F]Q\:REXZDULDQWDFKPDP\ZLHOH WDNLFKNUHVRZL]PyZMDNLHVąQLHREHFQHZHG\FMLZDUV]DZVNLHM3RGR ELHĔVWZDLUyĪQLFHZDULDQWyZSU]HNáDGXILORPDFNLHJR]LOXVWUXMHP\W\ONR GZRPDSU]\NáDGDPL 8Ī\ZDQHZ.)RUD]5&]PLHMVFRZQLNRZHIRUP\QD]Z\PLHMVFR wej Mekka PDMą SRVWDü w Mecce, QDWRPLDVW Z .7% MHVW Z\áąF]QLH
=Z\MąWNLHPVXU\, czyli 2WZLHUDMąFHM(Al Fatiha, NWyUDOLF]\ZHUVHWyZ$'UR]Gop. cit.,
VP\OQLHSLV]HRHG\FMLSR]QDĔVNLHMMDNRE\Z\GUXNRZDQ\IUDJPHQWREHMPRZDáVXU\- 3HáQDVXUD;,HódOLF]\DMDW\ 61 AXWRU]\G\VSRQXMąNVHURNRSLąSR]QDĔVNLHMHG\FMLKoranu ILORPDWyZVSRU]ąG]RQą]RU\JLQDáX SU]HFKRZ\ZDQHJRZ%LEOLRWHFH3$1Z.yUQLNXSRUIRWR 5R]ZLą]DQLHVNUyWyZĨUyGHá5&] – 5ĊNRSLV]&]RPEURZDRGQDOH]LRQ\IUDJPHQW.6 – .RUDQ]LQWHUSUHWDFMąLSU]\SLVDPLZMĊ]\NXSROVNLPSU]HNáDG]MDUQDMDQJ$hQDOSU]HNáDG ]MDQJQDMSRO-6XUGHO1HZ-HUVH\.5$Koran 5XFKX$KPDGL\\D– ĝZLĊW\.RUDQ 7HNVWDUDEVNLLWáXPDF]HQLHSROVNLH,VODPDEDG.%– Koran]DUSU]HáLNRPHQW RSDWU]\á -%LHODZVNL:DUV]DZD.)– Koran QDNDUFLHW\WXáRZHMEUDNLQQ\FKGDQ\FKw litera-WXU]HSU]HGPLRWXSU]HNáDGWHQMHVWQD]\ZDQ\SU]HNáDGHPILORPDFNLP.7%– Koran (Al-Koran),
w MekceZW\PGUXJLPZ\SDGNXW\SRZHMDOWHUQDFML-k- || -c- XOHJáDW\ONR
Z\JáRVRZD VSyáJáRVND WHPDWX IOHNV\MQHJR Z SLHUZV]\P QDWRPLDVW – DOWHUQDFMDREMĊáDFDáąWHPDW\F]QąJUXSĊVSyáJáRVNRZą-kk- >-cc-.
.DĪGąVXUĊKoranu ]Z\MąWNLHPSRSU]HG]DLQZRNDFMDZDUDE VNLPRU\JLQDOHEU]PLRQD Bismi Allahi ar-Rahmani ar Rahim1DMĊ]\N SROVNLQDMF]ĊĞFLHMMHVWRQDSU]HNáDGDQDZEU]PLHQLX„ZLPLĊ%RJD0LáR VLHUQHJR/LWRĞFLZHJR”.
3RV]F]HJyOQHSROVNLHSU]HNáDG\EąGĨFDáHJRKo-ranuEąGĨMHJRIUDJPHQWyZZ\ND]XMąMHGQDNSHZQHUyĪQLFH]DUyZQR
PHU\WRU\F]QH MDN L IRUPDOno-RUWRJUDILF]QH Z SU]HNáDGDFK LQZRNDFML 2WRNLONDQDĞFLHZ\EUDQ\FKSU]\NáDGyZ 5&]>RN@– :LPLHáDVNDZHJRPLáRVLHUQHJR%RJD .6>@– :LPLĊ%RJD0LáRVLHUQHJR:VSyáF]XMąFHJR .5$>@– :LPLĊ%RJD0LáRVLHUQHJR/LWRĞFLZHJR .%>@– W imiĊ%RJD0LáRVLHUQHJR/LWRĞFLZHJR .)>"@– Z,PLHOLWRĞFLZHJRLPLáRVLHUQHJR%RJD .7%>@– :,PLH%RJDOLWRĞFLZHJRLPLáRVLHUQHJR 7$/>@– YLPHEǀJDODVNDYHJǀPLORVHUGQHJǀ 7/>@– 9vPD%{JDODVNDYDJRPO{VHUGQHJ{ 7:>@– v ime boga laskavego miloserdnego 70:>@– v jime boge laskavego miloserdnego .ĦQVWOLQJHU>@– :LPLĊ%RJDOLWRĞFLZHJRPLáRVLHUQHJR 3HOF]DU>@– ZLPLĊ%RJDáDVNDZHJRLPLáRVLHUQHJR +UEHN3HWUáþHN>@– :LPLHQLX/LWRĞFLZHJRL0LáRVLHUQHJRAllaha! Sz\QNLHZLF]>@– :LPLĊ%RJD1DMPLáRĞFLZV]HJR1DMPLáRVLHUQLHMV]HJR .OXF]GRUDMX>@– :LPLĊ%RJDáDVNDZHJRLPLáRVLHUQHJR =DVNDNXMHIDNWLĪbasmala Z5&]MHVWLQQDQLĪZSU]HNáDGRZHMZHUVML SR]QDĔVNLHM.)OXEZDUV]DZVNLHM.7%QDZLą]XMHUDF]HMGRSU]HNáDGX
]DUSU]HNáSRO-07DUDN%XF]DFNLHJRW-:DUV]DZD7$/– Tefsir ]H]ELRUyZ SU\ZDWQ\FKZ2OLFLHOLWHZ$O\WXV7/– Tefsir ]%LDáRUXVNLHM%LEOLRWHNLLP)UDQF\VND6ND U\Q\Z/RQG\QLH7:– Tefsir %RKGDQD%XFLXWNLNRSLVWD]H]ELRUyZ%LEOLRWHNL8QLZHUV\WHF NLHMZ:LOQLH70:– Tefsir -y]HIRZDNRSLVWD]H ]ELRUyZ0X]HXP1DURGRZHJRZ:LOQLH .ĦQVWOLQJHU– '.QVWOLQJHU3U]HNáDGLREMDĞQLHQLH-ciej sury Koranu.UDNyZ3HOF]DU – -3HOF]DU=LHPLDĞZLĊWDLLVODPF]\OLV]NLFH]SLHOJU]\PNLGR=LHPLĝZLĊWHMF]Islam/ZyZ +UEHN3HWUiþHN– ,+UEHN.3HWUiþHNMahometSU]Há*àDWXV]\ĔVNL$0UR]HN :DUV]DZD6]\QNLHZLF]– -6]\QNLHZLF]Wersety Koranu6DUDMHZR.OXF]GRUDMX – +-DQNRZVNL&]àDSLF].OXF]GRUDMX.VLĊJD7DWDUyZOLWHZVNR-polskich z XVIII wieku, :DUV]DZD
ZW\PGUXJLPZ\SDGNXW\SRZHMDOWHUQDFML XOHJáDW\ONR Z\JáRVRZD VSyáJáRVND WHPDWX IOHNV\MQHJR Z SLHUZV]\P QDWRPLDVW
DOWHUQDFMDREMĊáDFDáąWHPDW\F]QąJUXSĊVSyáJáRVNRZą .DĪGąVXUĊ ]Z\MąWNLHPSRSU]HG]DLQZRNDFMDZDUDE VNLPRU\JLQDOHEU]PLRQD 1DMĊ]\N SROVNLQDMF]ĊĞFLHMMHVWRQDSU]HNáDGDQDZEU]PLHQLX ZLPLĊ%RJD0LáR VLHUQHJR/LWRĞFLZHJR 3RV]F]HJyOQHSROVNLHSU]HNáDG\EąGĨFDáHJR EąGĨMHJRIUDJPHQWyZZ\ND]XMąMHGQDNSHZQHUyĪQLFH]DUyZQR PHU\WRU\F]QH MDN L IRUPDO RUWRJUDILF]QH Z SU]HNáDGDFK LQZRNDFML 2WRNLONDQDĞFLHZ\EUDQ\FKSU]\NáDGyZ 5&]>RN@ :LPLHáDVNDZHJRPLáRVLHUQHJR%RJD .6>@ :LPLĊ%RJD0LáRVLHUQHJR:VSyáF]XMąFHJR .5$>@ :LPLĊ%RJD0LáRVLHUQHJR/LWRĞFLZHJR .%>@ Ċ%RJD0LáRVLHUQHJR/LWRĞFLZHJR .)>"@ Z,PLHOLWRĞFLZHJRLPLáRVLHUQHJR%RJD .7%>@ :,PLH%RJDOLWRĞFLZHJRLPLáRVLHUQHJR 7$/>@ YLPHEǀJDODVNDYHJǀPLORVHUGQHJǀ 7/>@ 9vPD%{JDODVNDYDJRPO{VHUGQHJ{ 7:>@ 70:>@ .ĦQVWOLQJHU>@ :LPLĊ%RJDOLWRĞFLZHJRPLáRVLHUQHJR 3HOF]DU>@ ZLPLĊ%RJDáDVNDZHJRLPLáRVLHUQHJR +UEHN3HWU þHN>@ :LPLHQLX/LWRĞFLZHJRL0LáRVLHUQHJR \QNLHZLF]>@ :LPLĊ%RJD1DMPLáRĞFLZV]HJR1DMPLáRVLHUQLHMV]HJR .OXF]GRUDMX>@ :LPLĊ%RJDáDVNDZHJRLPLáRVLHUQHJR =DVNDNXMHIDNWLĪ Z5&]MHVWLQQDQLĪZSU]HNáDGRZHMZHUVML SR]QDĔVNLHM.)OXEZDUV]DZVNLHM.7%QDZLą]XMHUDF]HMGRSU]HNáDGX
]DUSU]HNáSRO-07DUDN%XF]DFNLHJRW :DUV]DZD7$/ ]H]ELRUyZ SU\ZDWQ\FKZ2OLFLHOLWHZ$O\WXV7/ ]%LDáRUXVNLHM%LEOLRWHNLLP)UDQF\VND6ND U\Q\Z/RQG\QLH7: %RKGDQD%XFLXWNLNRSLVWD]H]ELRUyZ%LEOLRWHNL8QLZHUV\WHF NLHMZ:LOQLH70: -y]HIRZDNRSLVWD]H ]ELRUyZ0X]HXP1DURGRZHJRZ:LOQLH .ĦQVWOLQJHU '.QVWOLQJHU3U]HNáDGLREMDĞQLHQLH .UDNyZ3HOF]DU -3HOF]DU=LHPLDĞZLĊWDLLVODPF]\OLV]NLFH]SLHOJU]\PNLGR=LHPLĝZLĊWHMF] /ZyZ +UEHN3HWUiþHN ,+UEHN.3HWUiþHN SU]Há*àDWXV]\ĔVNL$0UR]HN :DUV]DZD6]\QNLHZLF] -6]\QNLHZLF] 6DUDMHZR.OXF]GRUDMX
+-DQNRZVNL&]àDSLF].OXF]GRUDMX.VLĊJD7DWDUyZOLWHZVNR :DUV]DZD
ZáDĞFLZHJRGODWDWDUVNLFKtefsirów SRUZHUVMH7$/7:7/RUD]70: 1DWHMSRGVWDZLHPRĪQDZ\VQXüZQLRVHNLĪUĊNRSLVWHQVSRU]ąG]LáNWRĞ NWR ]QDá ZHUVMĊ basmali XĪ\ZDQą SU]H] 7DWDUyZ-PX]XáPDQyZ :./ ZSUDNW\FHPRGOLWHZQHMLXWUZDORQąZ WDWDUVNLFKtefsirach, kitabach i
cha-PDLáDFK=QDáMąWDNGREU]HĪHNRSLXMąFE\üPRĪHÄSRSUDZLá´RU\JLQDOQ\ SU]HNáDGILORPDFNLNWyU\SR]RVWDáEH]]PLDQZHG\FMDFKSR]QDĔVNLHMLZDU V]DZVNLHM1DWHM PLQSRGVWDZLHVWDZLDP\ QLĪHMKLSRWH]ĊĪHUĊNRSLV z &]RPEURZDQLHMHVWILORPDFNLPRU\JLQDáHPOHF]UDF]HMMHJRNRSLąNWy UHMDXWRUHPE\á]QDQ\]LPLHQLDLQD]ZLVNDLPDPMHGQHM]PX]XáPDĔVNLFK SDUDILLD]DUD]HPNRSLVWDPX]XáPDĔVNLFKNVLąJRUD]NRPSHWHQWQ\NRUHNWRU UĊNRSLĞPLHQQHJRtefsiru ]2OLW\ :]ELRUDFK0X]HXP+LVWRULL5HOLJLLZ*URGQLHMHVWSU]HFKRZ\ZDQ\ DUDEVNLUĊNRSLVLGHQW\ILNRZDQ\ZPX]HDOQ\PNDWDORJXMDNRKoran IRW %OLĪV]\RJOąGIRUP\LWUHĞFL]DE\WNXSR]ZDODVWZLHUG]LüLĪU]HF]\ZLĞFLH ]DZLHUDRQSROVNLSU]HNáDGKoranu ]DSLVDQ\DOIDEHWHPDUDEVNLP:KLVWR ULLSLĞPLHQQLFWZD7DWDUyZ:./WDNLPDQXVNU\SWQLHMHVWDQLF]\PĞQDG ]Z\F]DMQ\P DQL Z\MąWNRZ\P OXE RU\JLQDOQ\P Z WDNL VSRVyE 7DWDU]\ :./VSRU]ąG]DOLVZHUĊNRSLĞPLHQQHtefsiry FKDUDNWHU\]XMąFHVLĊW\PĪH ZZHUVDFKSR]LRP\FK]DSLV\ZDQRDUDEVNLRU\JLQDá.VLĊJLQDWRPLDVWLQ WHUOLQHDUQLH SRGZLHUV]RZR Z ]DSLVLH XNRĞQ\P – ]V\QFKURQL]RZDQH ]RU\JLQDáHPMHJRSROVNLHWáXPDF]HQLH5ĊNRSLV]0X]HXP+LVWRULL5HOLJLL Z*URGQLHZ\JOąGDGRNáDGQLHWDNMDNWUDG\F\MQHtefsiry 7DWDUyZ– PX]Xá PDQyZ:LHONLHJR.VLĊVWZD/LWHZVNLHJR63-HGQDNRGF]\WDQLHXPLHV]F]R QHJRLQWHUOLQHDUQLHSROVNLHJRWHNVWXSR]ZROLáRVWZLHUG]LüĪHPDQXVNU\SW ]DZLHUD]DSLVDQąZIRUPLHWHIVLURZHMWUDQVOLWHUDFMĊ]DOIDEHWXáDFLĔVNLHJR QDDUDEVNLSROVNLHJRSU]HNáDGX]UV\JQRZDQHJRQD]ZLVNLHP-DQD %XF]DFNLHJR:WHQVSRVyESLHUZV]HPXGUXNRZDQHPXSROVNLHPXSU]HNáD dowi Koranu ZWyUQLHQDGDQR– ]JRGQLH]GRNWU\QąLSUDNW\NąLVODPX– VWD WXVLUĊNRSLĞPLHQQąIRUPĊtefsiruF]\OLµZ\MDĞQLHQLDREMDĞQLHQLDZ\WáX PDF]HQLD¶Z]UR]XPLDá\PGOD7DWDUyZ:./MĊ]\NXSROVNLPWUHĞFLLVHQ VyZDUDEVNLHJRRU\JLQDáX
63 2GDNWXDOQHJRPLHMVFDSU]HFKRZ\ZDQLDUĊNRSLVXE\ZDRQZOLWHUDWXU]HSU]HGPLRWXQD]\ZDQ\ WHIVLUHPJURG]LHĔVNLP-HGQDNGR0X]HXP+LVWRULL5HOLJLLZ*URGQLHWUDILáSRXGDUHPQLHQLX SU]H]ELDáRUXVNąVáXĪEĊJUDQLF]QąSUyE\SU]HP\WXUĊNRSLVXGR3ROVNLSoZVWDáZLĊF]DSHZQH Z]XSHáQLHLQQ\PPLHMVFX
: WDNL RWR VSRVyE GRSHáQLá\ VLĊ ]áRĪRQH ORV\ SROVNLHJR SU]HNáDGX
Koranu Z\NRQDQHJRSU]H]ZLOHĔVNLFK ILORPDWyZ0RĪQDMHSRGVXPRZDü
ZWDNLVSRVyESU]HNáDGSRZVWDáZNRĔFXODWGZXG]LHVW\FK;,;Z jednak DĪGRRGQDOH]LHQLDIUDJPHQWXUĊNRSLVX]&]RPEURZDQLHE\á]QDQ\FKRüE\ QDMPQLHMV]\ RU\JLQDOQ\ IUDJPHQW WHJR SU]HNáDGX (G\FMD SR]QDĔVND PD IRUPĊ V]F]RWNL GUXNDUVNLHM QDWRPLDVW HG\FMD ZDUV]DZVND ]RVWDáD RSUDFR ZDQDHG\WRUVNRRSDWU]RQDSU]\SLVDPLLNRPHQWDU]DPLGODWHJRQLHZąWSOLZLH ZMDNLPĞVWRSQLXUyĪQLVLĊRGUĊNRSLĞPLHQQHJRRU\JLQDáXILORPDFNLHJR
)RW
)RWRNRSLDVWURQ\tefsiru ]0X]HXP+LVWRULL5HOLJLLZ*URGQLHVXUD
YLPHERJDOLWRĞFLZHJRLPLORVHUQHJRQH[EHQzH[YDODERJnjYODGFƯĞYMDWXYǀQMHVWPLORĞHUQƯL GREURWOLZLǀQMHVWNUXOHPGQDVąGQHJRFHEHSDQHþFLPƯLWYHMǀSHN¶LY]LYDPƯSURYDz nas de-rogom zbavena drogon tix ktorix / obsipales tvemi dobrozHMVWYƯDQHWL[NWnjåLQDWYXMJnev
: WDNL RWR VSRVyE GRSHáQLá\ VLĊ ]áRĪRQH ORV\ SROVNLHJR SU]HNáDGX Z\NRQDQHJRSU]H]ZLOHĔVNLFK ILORPDWyZ0RĪQDMHSRGVXPRZDü ZWDNLVSRVyESU]HNáDGSRZVWDáZNRĔFXODWGZXG]LHVW\FK;,;Z DĪGRRGQDOH]LHQLDIUDJPHQWXUĊNRSLVX]&]RPEURZDQLHE\á]QDQ\FKRüE\ QDMPQLHMV]\ RU\JLQDOQ\ IUDJPHQW WHJR SU]HNáDGX (G\FMD SR]QDĔVND PD IRUPĊ V]F]RWNL GUXNDUVNLHM QDWRPLDVW HG\FMD ZDUV]DZVND ]RVWDáD RSUDFR ZDQDHG\WRUVNRRSDWU]RQDSU]\SLVDPLLNRPHQWDU]DPLGODWHJRQLHZąWSOLZLH ZMDNLPĞVWRSQLXUyĪQLVLĊRGUĊNRSLĞPLHQQHJRRU\JLQDáXILORPDFNLHJR )RW )RWRNRSLDVWURQ\ ]0X]HXP+LVWRULL5HOLJLLZ*URGQLHVXUD YLPHERJDOLWRĞFLZHJRLPLORVHUQHJRQH[EHQ H[YDODERJnjYODGFƯĞYMDWXYǀQMHVWPLORĞHUQƯL GREURWOLZLǀQMHVWNUXOHPGQDVąGQHJRFHEHSDQHþFLPƯLWYHMǀSHN¶LY]LYDPƯSURYD HMVWYƯDQHWL[NWnjåLQDWYXMJ VOnjåLOLLYEORQGSRSDGOL )RW
StronDtefsiru ]2OLW\.RORIRQSLVDQ\áDFLQNą
Od narodzenia Jsi Proroka 1723 roku Dopisany / ten Sty ĞZLĊW\Tiefsyr, a Poprawiony przez Jbrahima / Januszewskiego Jmama Winksznupskiego 1836 roku / Dnia 12-24 Sierpnia
czyli augusta w Winksznupiach
I wrHV]FLH RVWDWQL HWDS ]PLHQQ\FK ORVyZ SU]HNáDGX ILORPDFNLHJR HG\FMD ZDUV]DZVND ]RVWDáD RVWDWHF]QLH SU]HNV]WDáFRQD Z tefsir zgodny ]HJ]HJHW\NąLVODPXRUD]]WUDG\FMąSLĞPLHQQLFWZDPX]XáPDQyZ:LHO NLHJR.VLĊVWZD/LWHZVNLHJR %DGDMąFIUDJPHQWUĊNRSLVX]&]RPEURZDVWDZLDOLĞP\VRELHS\WDQLH RWRF]\MHVWWRRU\JLQDáSU]HNáDGXNV'&KOHZLĔVNLHJRRUD] ,'RPH\NL F]\UDF]HMMHJRDQRQLPRZDNRSLD1LHVWHW\– EUDNMHVWUĊNRSLĞPLHQQHJR PDWHULDáXSRUyZQDZF]HJRF]\OLSRGVWDZGRZQLRVNRZDQLDRDXWRUVWZLH UĊNRSLVX:WHMV\WXDFMLSU]\MU]HOLĞP\VLĊNRSLRPLQQ\FKWDWDUVNLFKWHN VWyZNWyUHSRZVWDá\Z]EOLĪRQ\PF]DVLHLPLHMVFX3RGVWDZĊGRZ\VX QLĊFLD ]DVNDNXMąFHM KLSRWH]\ GDá UĊNRSLV tefsiru ] 2OLW\ 3RZVWDá RQ ZSUDZG]LHZ U64, jednak – MDNZVND]XMHRGSRZLHGQL]DSLVNRORIRQ
64 ,QIRUPXMHRW\PGRSLVHNQDVWURQLHUĊNRSLVXURNXSLVDQ\WHQVZLĊW\7HIVLUSU]H] V\QD0XVWDI\,VPDHOD-DEáRQVNLHJR
– IRW– ZUDZLĊFODWSyĨQLHM]RVWDáSRSUDZLRQ\LVNRPHQ WRZDQ\SU]H]LPDPD]:LQNV]QXSLD,EUDKLPD-DQXV]HZVNLHJR=DVNR F]\áRQDVSRGRELHĔVWZRSLVPD-DQXV]HZVNLHJR]FKDUDNWHUHPSLVPDIUDJ PHQWX]&]RPEURZD-HVWRQRWDNZLGRF]QH ĪHE\üPRĪH]DVDGQ\E\áE\ ZQLRVHNLĪWRZáDĞQLHLPDP-DQXV]HZVNLZ\NRQDáNRSLĊQDSRGVWDZLH RU\JLQDáXILORPDFNLHJRSU]HNáDGX7H]DWDZ\PDJDMHGQDNZHU\ILNDFML ZW\PWDNĪHSU]H]JUDIRORJD :IRUPLHV\QWHW\F]QHJRSRGVXPRZDQLDQDV]\FKUR]ZDĪDĔRORVDFKIilo-PDFNLHJRSU]HNáDGXKoranu QDMĊ]\NSROVNL]ODWGZXG]LHVW\FK ;,;ZSU]HG VWDZLDP\ SRQLĪV]\ VFKHPDW NWyU\ LOXVWUXMH FKURQRORJLĊ SRZVWDZDQLD RUD] Z]DMHPQH]DOHĪQRĞFLU]HF]\ZLVWHLKLSRWHW\F]QHZDULDQWyZWHJRSU]HNáDGX
,EUDKLP$EUDKDP-DQXV]HZVNLREMąáIXQNFMĊLPDPDZ:LQNV]QXSLXZURNXSRĞPLHUFL
LPDPD0XVWDI\%D]DUHZVNLHJRSHáQLáWHQXU]ąGQLHSU]HUZDQLHDĪGRĞPLHUFLZF]HUZFXU $.RQRSDFNLĩ\FLHUHOLJLMQH7DWDUyZQD]LHPLDFK:LHONLHJR.VLĊVWZD/LWHZVNLHJRZ;9,– XIX wieku, :DUV]DZDV-
IRW ZUDZLĊFODWSyĨQLHM]RVWDáSRSUDZLRQ\LVNRPHQ WRZDQ\SU]H]LPDPD]:LQNV]QXSLD,EUDKLPD-DQXV]HZVNLHJR=DVNR F]\áRQDVSRGRELHĔVWZRSLVPD-DQXV]HZVNLHJR]FKDUDNWHUHPSLVPDIUDJ PHQWX]&]RPEURZD-HVWRQRWDNZLGRF]QH ĪHE\üPRĪH]DVDGQ\E\áE\ ZQLRVHNLĪWRZáDĞQLHLPDP-DQXV]HZVNLZ\NRQDáNRSLĊQDSRGVWDZLH RU\JLQDáXILORPDFNLHJRSU]HNáDGX7H]DWDZ\PDJDMHGQDNZHU\ILNDFML ZW\PWDNĪHSU]H]JUDIRORJD :IRUPLHV\QWHW\F]QHJRSRGVXPRZDQLDQDV]\FKUR]ZDĪDĔRORVDFKI PDFNLHJRSU]HNáDGX QDMĊ]\NSROVNL]ODWGZXG]LHVW\FK ;,;ZSU]HG VWDZLDP\ SRQLĪV]\ VFKHPDW NWyU\ LOXVWUXMH FKURQRORJLĊ SRZVWDZDQLD RUD] Z]DMHPQH]DOHĪQRĞFLU]HF]\ZLVWHLKLSRWHW\F]QHZDULDQWyZWHJRSU]HNáDGX ,EUDKLP$EUDKDP-DQXV]HZVNLREMąáIXQNFMĊLPDPDZ:LQNV]QXSLXZURNXSRĞPLHUFL LPDPD0XVWDI\%D]DUHZVNLHJRSHáQLáWHQXU]ąGQLHSU]HUZDQLHDĪGRĞPLHUFLZF]HUZFXU $.RQRSDFNLĩ\FLHUHOLJLMQH7DWDUyZQD]LHPLDFK:LHONLHJR.VLĊVWZD/LWHZVNLHJRZ;9, :DUV]DZDV 81.12:10$186&5,372)7+(32/,6+75$16/$7,212)7+( .25$1 $EVWUDFW7KHDUWLFOHSUHVHQWVWKHLVVXHRIDGLVFRYHUHG4XUDQLFWUDQVODWLRQH[ WUDFWZKLFKVKRXOGPRVWSUREDEO\EHOLQNHGWRWKHKLWKHUWRXQNQRZQPDQXVFULSWD QurDQLFWUDQVODWLRQE\,'RPH\NRDQG'&KOHZLĔVNL .H\ZRUGVQur'anWUDQVODWLRQ7DWDUV3KLORPDWK6RFLHW\ ɇȿɂɁȼȿɋɌɇȺəɊɍɄɈɉɂɋɖɉɈɅɖɋɄɈȽɈɉȿɊȿȼɈȾȺɄɈɊȺɇȺ Ⱥɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹȼɫɬɚɬɶɟɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹɜɨɩɪɨɫɵɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟɫɧɚɣɞɟɧɧɵɦ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚ Ʉɨɪɚɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɣ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧ ɫ ɪɭɤɨɩɢɫɶɸ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚ Ʉɨɪɚɧɚ ɂ Ⱦɨɦɟɣɤɨ ɢ Ⱦ ɏɥɟɜɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɞɨ ɧɟɞɚɜɧɟɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɧɚɭɤɟ ɄɥɸɱɟɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɚɄɨɪɚɧɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɬɚɬɚɪɵɮɢɥɨɦɚɬɵ