9 4 J O U R N A L OF PAPYROLOGY
I . B I E Z U N S K A , Etudes sur la condition juridique et sociale de la femme grecque en Egypte gréco-romaine. H e r m a i o n fasc. 4, Leopoli
1939.
N o t available.
S, V O N B O L L A , Zum römischen Heimfallsrecht. Sav. Z . L I X ( 1 9 3 9 ) , p. 546.
T h e right of diversion t o a state or a c o m m u n i t y presupposes t h a t t h e i n h e r i t a n c e be w i t h o u t an heir. T h e a u t h o r asserts t h a t in the p r e - R o m a n H e l l e n i s t i c law, the G r e e k a n d the O r i e n t a l as well, precursors of the r i g h t of reversion are to be f o u n d . Such are the provisions in D u r a - E u r o p o s and G n o m o n I d i o l o g u .
T H E L A W OF PROPERTY
S. C O N D A N A R I - M I C H L E R , B o d e m , pignus, υποθήκη. F e s t s c h r i f t K o s c h a k e r I I I ( 1 9 3 9 ) , p. 3 5 0 f f .
T h i s article contains some indications on m a r i t i m e loan in a n t i q u i t y (foenus nauticum). R e m a r k a b l e is especially p. 3 5 7 j 3 w h e r e P a p . R a i n . I n v . N o . 19. 792 is mentioned w h i c h is not a ναυηκη συγγραφή, m e n t i o n s h o w e v e r a υποθήκη on ship a n d its a p p u r t e n a n c e s a n d f r e i g h t a g e in con-nection w i t h a m a r i t i m e loan δ [ ά ] ν [ « ] ο ν ναυτιχ(όΐ').
Ε . R A B E L , Real securities in Roman law. Reflections on a Recent Study by the late Dean fVigmore. R e p r . f r o m S e m i n a r , an a n n u a l e x t r a o r d i n a r y n u m b e r of the J u r i s t vol. I , 1943.
T h i s article, a l t h o u g h mostly dealing w i t h R o m a n l a w , contains some references t o the papyri cf. t h e references to the m u l t i t u d e of f r e e l y devised types of real security, as w e find disclosed in the G r . E g . papyri, i n c l u d i n g a m o n g o t h e r conveyances upon condition subsequent ( p . 4 1 ) , on the hypothec in E g y p t ( p . 4 7 ) .
F . W I E A C K E R , Protopraxie und "jus pignoris" im klassischen Fiskalrecht. F e s t s c h r i f t Koschaker I ( 1 9 3 9 ) , p. 2 1 8 f f .
T h e a u t h o r discusses the P t o l e m a i c p r e c u r s o r s ( U . P . Z . 1 1 2 ; T e b t . 5 ) of t h e R o m a n edict on πρωτοπραξία of T i b e r i u s J u l i u s A l e x a n d e r , w h i c h establishes a κατοχή f o r all fiscal debts on t h e debtor's property, effective t o w a r d s anyone. T h e fiscus-κατοχ»; does n o t p r e v e n t the d e b t o r f r o m disposing of his p r o p e r t y ίν κατοχή which, h o w e v e r , can be w i t h d r a w n . L a t e r on the πρωτοπραξία w a s extended t o G r e e k c o m m u n i t i e s especially t o those w h i c h w e r e n e w l y f o u n d e d , a n d to w o m e n on the p r o p e r t y of their husbands
SURVEY OF LITERATURE 9 5
by v i r t u e of the imperial resp. p r e f e c t u r a l legislation. I n cases w h e n p r i v a t e persons w e r e involved, the πρωτοττραξία w a s e f f e c t i v e ' w h e n recorded in the βιβλιοθήκη (γκτήσιων.
A . S E G R É , An essay on the nature of real property in the classical world, N e w Y o r k , 1943.
s. below p. 134ff.
E . Z I E B A R T H , Niessbrauchsrecht R . E . Suppl. V I I , p. 567.
E . Z I E B A R T H , Pfandrecht R . E . Suppl. V I I , p. 9 8 1 .
E . S C H O E N B A U E R , Untersuchungen zum Publizitätsrechte im ptole-maischen und römischen Ägypten. A r c h . f. P a p . X I I I ( 1 9 3 9 ) , p. 39ff. T h e a u t h o r deals w i t h the principle of publicity in conveyances of immov-ables (καταγραφή), in acts of emancipation a n d m a r r i a g e - c o n t r a c t s . A s f a r as the l a t t e r is concerned, the a u t h o r gives a review of the latest theories a n d lays d o w n a series of theses, promising strict evidence in a subsequent article.
M . S A N - N I C O L Ö , Zu dem Schutze gegen damnum infectum bei nach-barlichen Verhältnissen im Liegenschaftsrecht der Papyri. Sav. Z . L X I
( 1 9 4 1 ) , p. 4 0 2 .
T h e a u t h o r deals w i t h P . F o u a d 3 0 ( 1 2 1 A . D . ) , a c o u n t e r f e i t of W e s s : S t u d . X X I I , 131. H e considers it a non-processual παραγγελία t o the p r o p r i e t o r , to repair his ruinous house, o t h e r w i s e he w i l l be responsible f o r any d a m a g e t h a t m a y occur. T h i s s u m m o n s issued by the imperiled neigh-bor, a n d the t h r e a t e n e d consequences f o r their disregarding, obtain a half official c h a r a c t e r , because t h e strategos accepts the νπό μνήμα and serves it upon the neighbor. I n this w a y the irapayyt\la, like the s u m m o n s t o the conventus, is a u t h o r i z e d by the strategos. T h e a u t h o r expresses the v i e w t h a t the case relates to G r e c o - E g y p t i a n l a w and is an application of δίκη βλάβης. T h e liability results f r o m the n o n - f u l f i l l m e n t of the s u m m o n s f o r the repairs of the r u i n o u s house.
B. K Ü B L E R , Έ ρ γ ω και δυνάμα. Vi ас potestate. Sav. Z . L I X ( 1 9 3 9 ) , p. 562.
A c c o r d i n g t o the author, the clause "ίργω και δννάμπ" means t h a t the promisť*tř) pay penalty f o r breach of a c o n t r a c t is not only a phrase b u t can be executed. T h e expression derives f r o m the l a n g u a g e of the R o m a n j u r i s t s .
