Influence of the filling method on airflow resistance in wheat grain mass

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(1)Acta Agrophysica, 2005, 6(3), 709-714. :67 31$2&(1$:3à<:8 SPOSOBU FORMOWANIA =à2)$=,$51$ PSZENICY NA OPÓR PRZ(3à<:832:,(75=$ -y]HIàXNDV]XN. ,QVW\WXW$JURIL]\NLLP%RKGDQD'REU]DVNLHJR3$1XO'RZLDGF]DOQD-290 Lublin e-mail: jlukas@demeter.ipan.lublin.pl. S t r e s z c z e n i e . %DGDQR MDNL ZSá\Z QD SU]HSá\Z SRZLHWU]D SU]H] ]áR*H ]LDUQD SV]HQLF\ PD VSRVyE QDSHáQLDQLD ]ELRUQLND SRPLDURZHJR 'OD ]LDUQD SV]HQLF\ R]LPHM RGPLDQ\ 5\VD R ZLOJRWQRFL L WU]HFK VSRVREyZ QDSHáQLDQLD F\OLQGU\F]Q\FK SUyEHN Z\]QDF]RQR ]DOH*QRü RSyU SU]HSá\ZXSRZLHWU]D–SU GNRüSU]HSá\ZXSRZLHWU]DZ]DNUHVLHSU GNRFLSU]HSá\ZXRG m⋅s-1 do 0,4 m⋅s-1 6WZLHUG]RQR *H VSRVyE QDSHáQLDQLD SUyEHN LVWRWQLH ZSá\ZD QD RSyU SU]HSá\ZX SRZLHWU]D5y*QLFDRSRUXSU]HSá\ZXSRZLHWU]DPL G]\SU]\M W\PLLRNUHORQ\PLPHWRG\NEDGD VSRVREDPLQDSHáQLDQLDVL JDáD 6 á R Z D N O X F ] R Z H ]LDUQRSV]HQLF\J VWRüRSyUSU]HSá\ZXSRZLHWU]D. :67 3. 3U]HFKRZ\ZDQLH]LDUQD]Ey*ZL*HVL ]NRQLHF]QRFLSU]HSURZDG]DQLD]DELHgów konseUZDF\MQ\FK Z\PDJDMF\FK VZRERGQHJR SU]HGRVWDZDQLD VL SRZLHWU]D GR]áR*DPDWHULDáX6NXWHF]QRüW\FK]DELHJyZ]DOH*\RGZáDFLZRFL]áR*D]LDUQD GHF\GXMF\FK R MHJR RSRU]H GOD SU]HSá\ZDMFHJR SRZLHWU]D 2SyU SU]HSá\ZX Z\UD*D VL VSDGNLHP FLQLHQLD SRZLHWU]D QD MHGQRVWN GáXJRFL Z NLHUXQNX SU]HSá\ZX -HVW RQ ]áR*RQ ZáDFLZRFL PDWHULDáyZ V\SNLFK L ]DOH*\ RG ZLHOX F]\QQLNyZ 'R QDMEDUG]LHM LVWRWQ\FK QDOH* SU GNRü SU]HSá\ZX SRZLHWU]D ZLHONRü NV]WDáWL UR]NáDG F]VWHN Z ]áR*X ]DZDUWRü]DQLHF]\V]F]H VSRVyELF]DVIRUPRZDQLD]áR*DRUD]ZLOJRWQRüLJ VWRüXSDNRZDQLDPDWHULDáX>@ ,VWRWQRü SUREOHPDW\NL VSRZRGRZDáD *H EDGDQLD RSRUyZ SU]HSá\ZX UR]SRF] WRMX*ZODWDFKGZXG]LHVW\FKXELHJáHJRVWXOHFLD-HGQ\PL]SLHUZV]\FKEDGDF]\ byli: Stirniman,%RGQDUL%DWHV>@6]HURNLHRSUDFRZDQLDUy*Q\FKDVSHNWyZRSRUX SU]HSá\ZXSU]HGVWDZLOL-D\DV>@RUD]$EUDPVL)LVK>@6]ZHG>@DWDN*H Szwed i àXNDV]XN>@EDGDOLZSá\ZF]DVXLZDUXQNyZSU]HFKRZ\ZDQLDSUyEHNQDVLRQ.

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(5) 3RGF]DVQDSHáQLDQLDXWU]\P\ZDQRFLJá\VWUXPLH]LDUQD & %. +. +. $. Rys. 2. Sposoby formowania próbek Fig. 2. Methods of sample filling. Otrzymane wyniki aproksymowano równaniem Erguna (1) [2].. ∆p ⋅ L−1 = A ⋅ V + B ⋅ V 2. (1). gdzie: L –RGOHJáRüQDNWyUHMPLHU]RQRVSDGHNFLQLHQLDSRZLHWU]D ∆p, A i B – parametry, V –SU GNRüSU]HSá\ZXSRZLHWU]D.

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(9). . . Rys. 3. =DOH*QRüRSyUSU]HSá\ZXSRZLHWU]D-SU GNRüSU]HSá\ZXSRZLHWU]DGODWU]HFKVSRVREyZIRUPRZDQLD$%&SUyEHN]LDUQDSV]HQLF\RGPLDQ\5\VDRZLOJRWQRFL Fig. 3. Relationship: airflow resistance – air velocity for different methods of filling, A, B, C, obtained for wheat grain en masse, variety Rysa, of 11% of moisture content. 3U]\ VSRVRELH QDSHáQLDQLD $ ]LDUQLDNL Z\Sá\ZDá\ ] RWZRUX OHMD ]DV\SRZHJR z QDMQL*V]HMPR*OLZHMZ\VRNRFLLXNáDGDá\VL GáX*V]\PLRVLDPLZ]GáX*WZRU]FHM VWR*ND XV\SX FR VSU]\MDáR Z\WZRU]HQLX XSRU]GNRZDQHM VWUXNWXU\ ZHZQ WU]QHM ]áR*D : W\P SU]\SDGNX HQHUJLD NLQHW\F]QD ]LDUQLDNyZ E\áD PLQLPDOQD : SU]\SDGNX QDSHáQLDQLD NROXPQ\ SRPLDURZHM ]JRGQLH ]H VSRVREDPL % L & UHSUH]HQWXMF\PLUR]SURV]RQHVSRVRE\QDSHáQLDQLD]ELRUQLNDZNWyU\FKVSDGDMFH]LDUQLDNL WZRU]\á\ Z NROXPQLH SRPLDURZHM SáDVN SRZLHU]FKQL Z]URVW RSRUX SU]HSá\ZX SRZLHWU]D Z VWRVXQNX GR VSRVREX QDSHáQLDQLD $ ]ZL]DQ\ E\á JáyZQLH ]H wzrostem energii kinetycznej ziarniaków i ich WHQGHQFMGRSR]LRPHJRXNáDGDQLD.

(10) :3à<:63262%8)2502:$1,$=à2)$1$23Ï535=(3à<:832:,(75=$. 713. VL GáX*V]\PL RVLDPL QD SRZLHU]FKQL IRUPRZDQHJR ]áR*D 3U]\NáDGRZR SU]\ SU GNRFL SU]HSá\ZX P⋅s-1 RSyU SU]HSá\ZX SRZLHWU]D GOD VSRVREX IRUPRZDQLD & E\á R ZL NV]\ RG RSRUX SU]HSá\ZX SRZLHWU]D GOD SUyENL IRUPRwanej zgodnie ze sposobem A W tabeli 1 zamieszczono parametry równania Erguna dla otrzymanych przeELHJyZ GRZLDGF]DOQ\FK :]URVW RSRUX SU]HSá\ZX SRZLHWU]D Z\ZRáDQ\ Z]URVWHP J VWRFL SUyEHN ]DOH*Q\P RG VSRVREX LFK IRUPRZDQLD RGE\ZDá VL QD VNXWHN Z]URVWX XG]LDáX OLQLRZHJR ZVND(QLND Z UyZQDQLX (UJXQD RSLVXMFHJR ODPLQDUQ\ SU]HSá\Z SRZLHWU]D 3U]\URVW J VWRFL SUyEHN ZSá\ZDá UyZQLH* QD Z]URVW XG]LDáX VNáDGQLND QLHOLQLRZHJR UyZQDQLD (UJXQD Z FDáNRZLW\P RSRU]H SU]HSá\ZXSRZLHWU]D Tabela 1.3DUDPHWU\UyZQDQLD(UJXQDLZVSyáF]\nniki determinacji Table 1. Parameters of the Ergun equation and determination coefficient Sposób formowania próbek Methods of sample filling. Parametr – Parameter. R2. A. B. A. 1,08. 6,90. 0,997. B. 1,57. 8,61. 0,996. C. 2,11. 8,64. 0,996. 3U]HSURZDG]RQH ZF]HQLHM >@ L DNWXDOQH EDGDQLD ZVND]XM QD LVWRWQ\ ZSá\Z J VWRFLXSDNRZDQLDQDVLRQQDRSyUSU]HSá\ZXSRZLHWU]DSU]H]]áR*H:LEUDFMHRUD] VSRVyE QDSHáQLDQLD ]ELRUQLND Z\UD(QLH ZSá\ZDM QD ]PLDQ J VWRFL PDWHULDáX :\GDMH VL MHGQDN *H ]DJ V]F]DQLH ]LDUQD SV]Hnicy sprzyja powstawaniu bardziej XSRU]GNRZDQHM VWUXNWXU\ Z NWyUHM UyZQLH* ]PLDQD SU]HVWU]HQQHJR XáR*HQLD ]LDUQLDNyZZSá\ZDQDRSyUSU]HSá\ZXSRZLHWU]D-HGQR]QDF]QHWHJRUR]VWU]\JQL FLH Z\PDJD MHGQDN SURZDG]HQLD GDOV]\FK EDGD ]PLHU]DMF\FK GR RFHQ\ ]DOH*QRFL RSRUXSU]HSá\ZXRGNLHUXQNXSU]HSá\ZXSRZLHWU]DSU]H]ZDUVWZ PDWHULDáX WNIOSEK. 6SRVyEQDSHáQLDQLD]ELRUQLNDZSá\ZDQDJ VWRüLZDUWRüRSRUXSU]HSá\ZX SRZLHWU]D]áR*D]LDUQDSV]HQLF\1DMZL NV]\RSyUSU]HSá\ZXSRZLHWU]DZ\VWSLá w przypadku gd\ NROXPQ SRPLDURZ QDSHáQLDQR V\VWHPHP UR]SURV]RQ\P ] GX*HM Z\VRNRFL D QDMPQLHMV]\ JG\ QDSHáQLDQR M Z VSRVyE XPR*OLZLDMF\ IRUPRZDQLHVL QDSRZLHU]FKQL]áR*DVWR*NDQDWXUDOQHJRXV\SX]LDUQD.

(11) 714. -à8.$6=8.. 3,0,(11,&7:2 1.. Abrams C.F., Fish J.D.: Resistance of sweet potatoes to airflow. ASAE Paper no. 78-4523, St. Joseph, Mich, 1978. 2. Ergun S.: Fluid flow through packed columns. Chemical Engineering Progress, 48, 89-94, 1952. 3. Giner S., Denisienia E.: Pressure drop through wheat as affected by air velocity, moisture content and fines. J. Agric. Eng. Res. 63(1), 63-86, 1996. 4. Jayas D.S.: Resistance of bulk canola oilseed to airflow. Unpublished Ph. D. thesis. Departament of Agricultural Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask, 1987. 5. Kumar A., Muir W.E.: Airflow resistance of wheat and barley affected by airflow direction, filling method and dockage. Transaction of the ASAE, 29(5), 1423-1426, 1986. 6. Lamond W.J., Smith E.A.: Modeling low temperature during of grain in anisotropic beds. Third International Drying Symposium, Birmingham, UK, 1982. 7. àXNDV]XN - 0ROHQGD 0 6]ZHG * =DOH*QRü RSRUX SU]HSá\ZX SRZLHWU]D RG J VWRFL ]áR*DQDVLRQ$FWD$JURSK\VLFD

(12) -83, 2004. 8. Molenda M., Horabik J., Grochowicz M., Szot B.: Tarcie ziarna pszenicy. Acta Agrophysica, 4, 1995. 9. Stephens L.E., Foster G.H.: Grain bulk properties as affected by mechanical grain spreaders. Transaction of the ASAE, 19(2), 354-358, 1976. 10. Stirniman E.J., Bodnar G.P., Bates E.N.: Test on resistance to passage of air through rough rice in a deep bed. Agric. Eng., 12, 145-148, 1931. 11. Szwed G.: :Sá\Z F]DVX SU]HFKRZ\ZDQLD QD ]PLDQ RSRUX SU]HSá\ZX SRZLHWU]D SU]H] ZDUVWZ. nasion rzepaku. Acta Agrophysica, 37, 225-235, 2000. 12. 6]ZHG * àXNDV]XN - 2FHQD RSRUX SU]HSá\ZX SRZLHWU]D SU]H] ZDUVWZ QDVLRQ U]HSDNX Acta Agrophysica, 2(3), 645-650, 2003.. INFLUENCE OF THE FILLING METHOD ON AIRFLOW RESISTANCE IN WHEAT GRAIN MASS -y]HIàXNDV]XN. ,QVWLWXWHRI$JURSK\VLFV3ROLVFK$FDGHP\RI6FLHQFHVXO'RZLDGF]DOQD-290 Lublin e-mail: jlukas@demeter.ipan.lublin.pl A b s t r a c t . The influence of the filling method on airflow through mass of wheat grain was investigated. The experiments were performed for wheat grain variety Rysa of 11% of moisture content and three methods of filling. The experiments were performed for air speed in the range from 0.03 to 0.4 m⋅s-1. It was found that the way of sample filling had a significant influence on airflow resistance. The difference of airflow resistance between different methods of filling reached 50%. K e y w o r d s : wheat grain, density, airflow resistance.

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