S U R V E Y O F P A P Y R I
Papyrusurkunden aus ptolemäischer Zeit, b e a r b e i t e t v o n W o l f g a n g M ü l l e r , Ägyptische Urkunden aus den Staatlichen Museen zu Berlin, Griechische
Urkunden X . B a n d , A k a d e m i e V erlag, Berlin 1970, p p . 147, P l a t e s 24. D r W o l f g a n g M ü l l e r p r e s e n t s in t h e 10th v o l u m e of B G U 110 d o c u m e n t s (1901—2011), all f r o m t h e P t o l e m a i c period, in m a j o r i t y p a p y r i f r o m t h e so-called alter Bestand of t h e Berlin collection, m o s t l y f r o m t h e O x y r h y n c h i t e n o m e .
No. 2901 p r e s e n t s a small f r a g m e n t of a decree, d a t e d b y t h e editor f o r t h e m i d d l e of t h e 3rd cent. I t concerns t h e i m p o r t a t i o n of crops (καρποί) " i n a t o w n " (εις τήν πόλιν), b u t i t is n o t sure i n t o w h i c h polis, as t h e t e r m m a y also de-signate t h e metropolis of a n o m e .
Nos. 1902—1904 b r i n g v e r y small scraps of enteuxeis. T h e t w o f i r s t are d a t e d t o t h e 3rd cent, t h e t h i r d a n d l a s t ca. t o t h e m i d d l e of t h e 2 n d cent,
N o . 1905 is a r e q u e s t , in f o r m of a hypomnema, addressed t o t h e hipparches Philo a n d concerning a p r i v a t e corn loan. T h e i d e n t i f i c a t i o n of t h e addressee with an o f f i c e r - e p o n y m , k n o w n t o w a r d s t h e end of t h e 3rd cent., b a s e d only on t h e i d e n t i t y of n a m e s , does n o t seem v e r y reliable, as t h i s n a m e occurs o f t e n in E g y p t .
T h e n e x t f o u r n u m b e r s (1906—1909) b r i n g successive scraps of a hypomnema f r o m t h e O x y r h y n c h o s n o m e , d a t e d t o t h e 3rd cent., a slightly m o r e i m p o r t a n t f r a g m e n t of a similar d o c u m e n t ( d a t e d t o 167/6 A.D.), addressed t o D a i m a c h o s s t r a t e g u s of P e r i t h e b a s , a f r a g m e n t of a c o m p l a i n t a b o u t an a s s a u l t , of t h e 2 n d cent, a n d a hypomnema t o t h e s t r a t e g u s Apollonios a b o u t an o v e r d u e l o a n
(ca. b e g i n n i n g of t h e 1st cent.).
T h e editor classifies u n d e r N o . 1910 f o u r f r a g m e n t s . T h e y are p a r t s of a b a d l y p r e s e r v e d d o c u m e n t f r o m U p p e r E g y p t (middle of t h e 2 n d cent.), a l r e a d y p a r t l y p u b l i s h e d b y M. L e t r o n n e (cf. J . P a s s a l a c q u a , Ca-talogue raisonné et historique des Antiquités découvertes en Egypte, p p . 277f. = P . P a r . 70 p. 413), p r o b a b l y judicial proceedings.
T h e f r a g m e n t s designed as Nos. 1911—1916, come p r e s u m a b l y f r o m t h e office of a higher official ( s t r a t e g u s or oikonomos according t o t h e editor), called K a l l i s t r a t o s , f r o m t h e m i d d l e of t h e 3rd cent. Nos. 1912—1914 are of
2 4 6 A. ŚWIDEREK o n e h a n d , a n d N o s . 1911, 1912, 1915 a n d 1916 a r e all a d d r e s s e d t o Akesios. I n t r o d u c i n g N o . 1911 t h e e d i t o r i n f o r m s t h a t t h r e e p a p y r i f r o m t h e J e n a collec-t i o n b e l o n g collec-t o collec-t h e s a m e c o r r e s p o n d e n c e . S h o u l d collec-t h e y b e in a b e collec-t collec-t e r s collec-t a collec-t e as t h o s e f r o m B e r l i n , t h e y m i g h t t h e n h e l p t o i d e n t i f y t h e p o s i t i o n of Kalli-s t r a t o Kalli-s . N o s . 1 9 1 7 — 1 9 2 3 , w h i c h a r e m e r e f r a g m e n t s , w e r e i n c l u d e d i n t o t h e a r c h i v e s of N i k a n o r , trapezites f r o m O x y r h y n c h o s ( m i d d l e of t h e 3 r d c e n t . ) , h i t h e r t o k n o w n o n l y f r o m P . H a m b . I I 171, w r i t t e n a c c o r d i n g t o t h e e d i t o r , b y t h e s a m e h a n d as N o s . 1920 a n d 1921. N o . 1924 b r i n g s t h e s c r a p s of f o u r p o e m s , d a t e d ( w i t h a n i n t e r r o g a t i o n m a r k ) t o t h e f i r s t h a l f of t h e 2 n d c e n t . T h e e d i t o r a d m i t s t h a t t h e i r p r o p o s e d r e s t o r a -t i o n is " v e r y u n c e r -t a i n " . N o s . 1925 a n d 1926 are t w o d o c u m e n t s , a l r e a d y f o u n d o n t h e r e c t o of res-p e c t i v e l y U P Z I I 199 d a t e d 131 A . D . a n d U P Z I I 200 d a t e d 130 A . D . T h e y b e l o n g t o t h e r e c o r d s of t h e R o y a l B a n k in T h e b e s .
As N o s . 1 9 2 7 — 1 9 3 1 are classified v e r y slight f r a g m e n t s of o f f i c i a l l e t t e r s , d a t e d b y t h e e d i t o r t o t h e 3 r d a n d 2 n d c e n t . T h e d o c u m e n t p u b l i s h e d as N o . 1932 is m o s t i n t e r e s t i n g , b u t u n f o r t u n a t e l y b a d l y p r e s e r v e d . I t c o n s t i t u t e s a f r a g m e n t of a n official r e p o r t , d a t e d t o t h e m i d d l e of t h e 2 n d c e n t . , a b o u t b u i l d i n g o p e r a t i o n s in t h e h a r b o u r of H e r a -kleopolis. A b o u t N o . 1933, a r e c e i p t i s s u e d b y a naukleros f r o m t h e 2 n d c e n t . , cf. a c t u a l l y H . H a u b e n , ZPE V I I I , 1971, p p . 2 7 2 — 2 7 5 . N o s . 1934—1942 b r i n g v a r i o u s f r a g m e n t s of d i f f e r e n t o f f i c i a l r e g i s t e r s a n d a c c o u n t s . W o r t h y of a special m e n t i o n a r e a m o n g t h e m : N o . 1 9 3 6 : a v e r y s l i g h t s c r a p f r o m t h e 3 r d c e n t . , m e n t i o n i n g a M i t h r a e u m ; a d o c u m e n t a b o u t t h e s u p p l y of horses f o r c a v a l r y , u n h a p p i l y v e r y o b s c u r e ( m i d d l e of t h e 2 n d c e n t . ) ; N o . 1 9 4 2 : a list of w o m e n , p r o b a b l y s l a v e s , p r e s u m a b l y o c c u p i e d i n w e a v i n g i n d u s t r y , a l r e a d y p u b l i s h e d b y W . M ü l l e r i n Acta Antiqua Phi-lippopolitana (Acta historica et philologica), S o f i a 1963, p p . 27ff.
A n i m p o r t a n t g r o u p of d o c u m e n t s c o n c e r n s t h e c l e r u c h s f r o m T h o l t h i s i n t h e O x y r h y n c h i t e n o m e d u r i n g t h e r e i g n of P t o l e m y I V P h i l o p a t o r . N o s . 1943—· 1949 are c o n t r a c t s c o n c e r n i n g s t h e lease of l a n d ; w e c o u l d p r o b a b l y a d d t o t h i s g r o u p v e r y f r a g m e n t a r y t e x t s , classified as N o s . 1 9 5 0 — 1 9 5 5 . T w o f r a g m e n t s of s i m i l a r c o n t r a c t s (Nos. 1956 a n d 1957) a r e s l i g h t l y l a t e r a n d d a t e t o t h e r e i g n of P t o l e m y V E p i p h a n e s ; t h e p r o v e n i e n c e of N o . 1956 f r o m T h o l t h i s is u n c e r t a i n a n d N o . 1957 w a s i s s u e d i n t h e A r s i n o i t e n o m e . F u r t h e r d o c u m e n t s b e l o n g a g a i n t o t h e T h o l t h i s g r o u p : N o s . 1958 a n d 1959 a r e r e c e i p t s f o r r e n t s p a i d in a d v a n c e ; N o s . 1 9 6 0 — 1 9 6 3 : l o a n s of m o n e y ; N o s . 1969 a n d 1 9 7 0 : l o a n s of c o r n . W e m i g h t p r o b a b l y a d d t o t h i s g r o u p N o . 1964 b r i n g i n g a f r a g m e n t of t h e d o c u m e n t w h i c h w a s p u b l i s h e d f o r t h e f i r s t t i m e i n Aegyptus 13, 1933, p p . 358f. ( = S B V 7569), t h e n as P . H a m b . I I 190 ( a n t i
-SURVEY OF PAPYRI 2 4 7
chresis, cf. H . J . W o l f f , ZRG Rom. Abt. 73, 1956, p . 397) a n d t h e v e r y f r a g -m e n t a r y N o . 1956. Cf. also N o s . 1973 a n d 1974. A s i m i l a r t y p e of l o a n of m o n e y is also m e n t i o n e d in t w o s m a l l f r a g m e n t s , p u b l i s h e d as N o . 1966 (reign of P t o l e m y I I I ?) a n d N o . 1967 (reign of P t o l e m y У). N o . 1968, d a t e d 184 B . C . : l o a n b e a r i n g n o i n t e r e s t , b y Mousaios f r o m K i o s t o K a l l i k r a t e s t h e T h r a c i a n ( e t h n i k o n r e s t o r e d ! ) . T h i s p a p y r u s c o m e s f r o m U p p e r E g y p t . T h e e d i t o r w h o s u p p o s e s t h a t i t m i g h t b e f r o m P t o l e m a i s , d o e s n o t e v e n t r y t o j u s t i f y his o p i n i o n w h i c h is n o t c o n f i r m e d b y a n y d e t a i l of t h e t e x t . N o . 1972, d a t e d b y t h e m i d d l e of t h e 1st c e n t , a n d c o m i n g p r o b a b l y , ac-c o r d i n g t o t h e e d i t o r , f r o m t h e H e r a k l e o p o l i t e n o m e , b r i n g s also a l o a n of m o n e y . T h e t w o n e x t f r a g m e n t a r y d o c u m e n t s , N o s . 1973 a n d 1974, f r o m t h e O x y -r h y n c h i t e n o m e , a -r e c o n c e -r n e d w i t h t h e a c q u i s i t i o n of l a n d . I n b o t h t h e b u y e -r h a s a n E g y p t i a n n a m e a n d t h e v e n d o r a G r e e k one (cleruchs ?), a n d b o t h con-t r a c con-t s a r e d a con-t e d f o r con-t h e con-t i m e of P h i l o p a con-t o r s r e i g n . N e v e r con-t h e l e s s con-t h e e d i con-t o r does n o t j u s t i f y t h i s d a t a t i o n in a n y w a y . N o s 1975—1977 are v e r y s m a l l f r a g m e n t s of c o n t r a c t s , c o n c l u d e d a c c o r d i n g t o t h e e d i t o r d u r i n g t h e r e i g n of P h i l o p a t o r (this d a t a t i o n is a t l e a s t d u b i o u s f o r N o . 1977) i n T h o l t h i s i n t h e O x y r h y n c h i t e n o m e . I t s h o u l d b e n o t e d t h a t N o . 1976 (fr. A 1.2) m i g h t e f f e c t i v e l y b e issued in T h o l t h i s , b u t t h e p r o v e n a n c e of t h e t w o r e m a i n i n g f r a g m e n t s is d i f f i c u l t t o s t a t e . I t is n a m e l y i m p o s s i b l e t o a g r e e w i t h t h e e d i t o r , w h e n h e s a y s t h a t H o r o s , m e n t i o n e d in N o . 1975, 4, m u s t b e " i d e n t i s c h m i t d e m H i e r o d u l e n H o r o s ( P P t I I I 7 3 2 0 ) " . T h e n a m e H o r o s is t o o f r e q u e n t t o a u t h o r i s e s u c h a n i d e n t i f i c a t i o n , a n d t h e d o c u m e n t d o e s n o t b r i n g a n y o t h e r d a t a f o r t h e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c of t h e p e r s o n i n v o l v e d . T h e r e a s o n s w h i c h allowed t o d a t e t h e f r a g m e n t p u b l i s h e d as N o . 1978 f o r t h e r e i g n of P t o l e m y I I I , s e e m r a t h e r u n c o n v i n c i n g t o o . N o s . 1979—1987 b r i n g p r e s c r i p t s of d o c u m e n t s f r o m t h e 3 r d c e n t , p r o b a b l y f r o m t h e O x y r h y n c h i t e n o m e . N o . 1988 p r e s e n t s a r a t h e r l o n g list ( f r o m ca. t h e s e c o n d h a l f of t h e 3 r d c e n t . ) of a l m o s t e x c l u s i v e l y E g y p t i a n n a m e s . S m a l l f r a g m e n t s of o t h e r rolls a n d a c c o u n t s d a t e d t o t h e 3rd a n d 2 n d c e n t , a r e p u b l i s h e d u n d e r t h e N o s . 1 9 8 9 — 1 9 9 2 . N o s . 1 9 9 3 — 1 9 9 5 a r e d o c u m e n t s f r o m t h e Z e n o n a r c h i v e s , f o r m e r l y p u b l i s h e d b y W . M ü l l e r in Journal of Juristic Papyrology X I I I , 1961, p p . 75f. T h e e d i t o r s u p p o s e s t h a t t h e f r a g m e n t s p u b l i s h e d as N o s . 1997 a n d 2010 m a y also b e l o n g t o t h e s e s a m e a r c h i v e s . N o . 1996, d a t e d t o 2 4 1 B.C. c o n t a i n s t h e d o c u m e n t of a h i t h e r t o u n k n o w n N i k o l a o s a d d r e s s e d t o H o r o s , a b o u t s o m e c o r n d u e t o T h e u k l e s . T h i s d o c u m e n t t o o w a s a l r e a d y p u b l i s h e d b y W . M ü l l e r loc. cit. T h e r e m a i n i n g t e x t s , p u b l i s h e d in B . G . U . X are t h i r t e e n s m a l l f r a g m e n t s of p r i v a t e l e t t e r s (Nos. 1 9 9 8 — 2 0 0 9 a n d 2011) f r o m t h e 3 r d a n d 2 n d c e n t . T h e
248 Z. BORKOWSKI
most interesting among them is No. 2009 which brings an unusual quantity of Jewish names.
The volume contains indexes and 24 beautiful and in general easily readable plates.
In spite of bringing texts which in their majority constitute only small fragments, the Papyrusurkunden aus ptolemaischer Zeit continue worthily the great series of B.G.U. One is only sometimes inclined to regret that the editor was so very brief in his commentary and did not, by many documents, discuss more extensively for instance the reasons which inclined him to a particular datation of the texts. The reader is sometimes perplexed when he tries to guess if the decision was here taken on the basis of paléographie motives, or perhaps other arguments were also involved (cf., e.g. Nos. 1901—1904, 1906, 1908, 1909: 1911—1916, 1928—1931, 1966, etc.).
[Warszawa] Anna Świderek
Agyptische Urkunden aus den Staatlichen Museen Berlin. Griechische Urkunden, X I . Band, 2. Halfte. Urkunden romischer Zeit. Edited by Herwig M a e h l e r , Berlin 1968, pp. 75—261, Plates У—VIII.
After the first part volume X I BGU published in 1966 and containing the documents Nos. 2012—2054 (cf. JJP X V I — X V I I , pp. 189—193) doctor H. M a e h 1 e r published further texts (Nos. 2055—2131) from the collection of Âgyptisches Museum (Charlottenburger Schloss — West Berlin). Besides the indexes (pp. 226—257), the fascicle contains a list of supplements and emendations of the texts published in the first fascicle (p. 258) and a definite list of documents published in both parts of this volume (pp. 259—261).
The publication method is that generally applied in standard papyrological works. I mention in the detailed part some inconsequences in transcription —-not many other publications are completely free from them. The reader, however, is unsatisfied with the dating of documents in the introductive commentary to each text and, consequently, in the register of papyri ( Verzeichnis der Texte, pp. 259—261). The purpose of placing the date together with the provenance of the text (or a clear statement that it is not known!) before the introduction to each text is obvious. It helps the reader to find immediately the documents which are for hirn of particular interest.
Dating to century only seems to be based on paleographical ground. It is always better to give a concrete date obtained from the text (e.g. after A.D. X ) , even if it is impossible to define accurately the terminus ante quem. A list of dates becomes useless if we must read the document or the commentary ta state that a text dated to the 2nd cent, was not written before 169 A.D. (2058),.
