ɈɋɈȻȿɇɇɈɋɌɂ ɉɈɗɌɂɄɂ ɄɂɇɈɊɈɆȺɇȺ: ɉɊɈȻɅȿɆȺ ɉȿɊȿɄɈȾɂɊɈȼȺɇɂə ɌȿɄɋɌȺ THE PECULIARITIES OF MOVIE NOVEL POETICS:
THE PROBLEM OF TEXT CONVERSION
ɇȺɌȺɅɖə ɆȺɋɅȿɇɄɈȼȺ
ABSTRACT. While studying a movie novel, one receives the opportunity of tracing the reverse process: the process of the “text on the screen” being turned into the “text on paper”. This seems to become even more interesting considering the fact that cinema is a synthetic art form, where the patterns which affect all the senses of perception are used to create the audio-visual image. When it comes to words, naturally, in the cinema one mostly hears them. The word is, of course, one of the most important means of transferring information, yet not the principal one. In this way literature is entirely different from cinema, as it uses only one way of transferring information (visual – if it is a paper-based book, and auditory – in case one is dealing with an audio-version). Consequently, the process of making a movie novel is connected with converting information from one form into the other. In addition, there is the question about the peculiarities of movie novel poetics considering the fact that the general contents are known to the recipient and, what is more, were perceived with the help of the other senses.
Ɇɚɫɥɟɧɤɨɜɚ ɇɚɬɚɥɶɹ, ɋɚɦɚɪɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɋɚɦɚɪɚ – Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ. ȼ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɦɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɜɢɞɚɦɢ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜ – ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɟ. Ɂɚɤɨɧɵ ɦɚɫɫɨ-ɜɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɫɦɟɲɢɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜ ɜɨ ɢɦɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟ-ɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɢ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɞɥɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɞɨɫɬɢɠɟ-ɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɚɠ ɢ ɩɪ.). PR-ɤɨɦɩɚɞɨɫɬɢɠɟ-ɧɢɹ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɨɝɨ ɛɥɨɤɛɚɫɬɟɪɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ „ɪɚɫɤɪɭɬɤɭ” ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ. Ɇɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɦɚ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɜɢɞɟɨɤɥɢɩɨɦ ɧɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦ tv-ɤɚɧɚɥɟ, ɝɟɪɨɢ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɦɹɝɤɢɟ ɢɝɪɭɲɤɢ, ɚ ɢɯ ɨɞɟɠɞɚ – ɜ ɦɨɞɧɵɣ ɛɪɷɧɞ. ɗɬɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɜɵɡɜɚɥɢ ɤ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɢ ɬɚ-ɤɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɠɚɧɪ, ɤɚɤ ɤɢɧɨɪɨɦɚɧ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɬɨɱɧɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɬɟɪɦɢɧ „ɤɢɧɨɪɨɦɚɧ” ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɤɢɧɨɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ, ɫɧɹɬɵɯ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɧ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɤɧɢɝ, ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɭɠɟ ɜɵɲɟɞɲɟɦɭ ɜ ɩɪɨɤɚɬ, ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɦɭ ɜ ɤɚɫɫɨɜɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɮɢɥɶɦɭ. Ⱦɪɚɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɨɞ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɞɥɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɢɫ-ɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ (ɬɟɚɬɪɚ, ɤɢɧɨ) ɞɚɜɧɨ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɟɬ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ. Ɂɚɤɨɧɨ-ɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ „ɬɟɤɫɬ ɧɚ ɛɭɦɚɝɟ” ɜ „ɬɟɤɫɬ ɧɚ ɫɰɟɧɟ/ɷɤɪɚɧɟ”
ɢɡɭ-ɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨɜɟɞɚɦɢ ɢ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɜɟɞɚɦɢ. ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɡɧɚɤɚ – ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɞɚɥɟɤɨ ɧɟ ɧɨɜɚɹ, ɧɨ ɩɨ-ɩɪɟɠɧɟɦɭ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɚɹ. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɧɟ ɫɬɚɜɢɬɫɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɟɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɭɸ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɭ, ɜɨɫɯɨɞɹɳɭɸ ɤ Ⱥɪɢɫɬɨɬɟɥɸ, Ʌɟɫɫɢɧɝɭ ɢ ɩɪ. ɇɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɶ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɛɨɬ. ɉɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɷɬɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɘɪɢɹ Ɍɵɧɹɧɨɜɚ, ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶ-ɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɥɨɜɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜ. ȼ ɱɚɫɬɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶ-ɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ Ɉɛ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ, ɨɧ, ɛɭɞɭɱɢ ɹɪɵɦ ɩɪɢɜɟɪɠɟɧɰɟɦ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬ-ɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ, ɩɢɲɟɬ ɨ „ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ” ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɠɢɜɨɩɢɫɶɸ ɢ ɦɭɡɵɤɨɣ. Ɍɵɧɹɧɨɜ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɨ „ɪɚɡɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ-ɞɚɱ” ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɚ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢ ɬɨɣ ɠɟ ɬɟɦɵ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɩɵɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɢɬɶ ɭɠɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɪɨ-ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɨɦɚɧ. ɂ, ɩɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ Ɍɵɧɹɧɨɜɚ, „ɜɫɹɤɨɟ ɠɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ, ɩɪɟɬɟɧɞɭɸɳɟɟ ɧɚ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɸ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ, ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɫɭɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɟɝɨ”1 . Ɍɵɧɹɧɨɜ, ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɢɤ ɪɚɧɧɟɝɨ ɤɢɧɟɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɚ, ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɬɨɬ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɫɜɨɞɢɥɚɫɶ ɤ ɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨ „ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɡɹɬɶ ɫ ɩɨɥɤɢ ɥɸɛɭɸ ɤɧɢɝɭ – ɞɚɠɟ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ – ɢ ɪɚɡɛɢɬɶ ɟɟ ɧɚ ɤɚɞɪɵ”2 . ɂ, ɧɚɜɟɪɧɨɟ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɭɱɟɧɵɣ ɫɱɢɬɚɥ, ɱɬɨ ɤɢɧɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɞ-ɱɢɧɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɜɢɞɚɦ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ – ɤ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ: Ʉɢɧɨ ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ ɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɚɥɨɫɶ ɨɬ ɩɥɟɧɚ ɫɨɫɟɞɧɢɯ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜ – ɨɬ ɠɢɜɨɩɢɫɢ, ɬɟɚɬɪɚ. Ɍɟ-ɩɟɪɶ ɨɧɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɨɫɜɨɛɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɨɬ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ. ɇɚ ɬɪɢ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɢ ɩɨɤɚ ɟɳɟ ɤɢɧɨ – ɬɨ ɠɟ, ɱɬɨ ɠɢɜɨɩɢɫɶ ɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɠɧɢɤɨɜ; ɨɧɨ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨ3. ɇɟ ɫɬɨɥɶ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɱɧɨ, ɯɨɬɹ ɢ ɜ ɫɯɨɞɧɨɦ ɤɥɸɱɟ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɥɫɹ ɘɪɢɣ Ʌɨɬ-ɦɚɧ: Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɜ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɪɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ ɢ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɢɧɟɦɚ-ɬɨɝɪɚɮɚ, ɬɨ ɭ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɚɫɶ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɚɹ ɩɚɧɢɤɚ. Ʉɚɡɚɥɨɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ-ɝɢɛɥɨ, ɜɦɟɫɬɨ ɩɨɞɨɛɢɹ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɜɨɪɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɫɚɦɚ ɠɢɡɧɶ4 . ɉɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɬɚ ɠɟ ɩɚɧɢɤɚ ɫɥɵɲɢɬɫɹ ɢ ɜ ɫɬɚɬɶɹɯ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɪɢɬɢɤɨɜ ɧɨɜɟɥ-ɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɤɢɧɨɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ. Ɇɧɨɝɢɟ ɤɪɢɬɢɤɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨ ɨɛɜɢɧɹɸɬ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪ-ɧɵɟ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɮɢɥɶɦɨɜ ɜ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɧɢɡɤɨɦ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɟɫɥɢ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɨɬ-ɤɪɨɜɟɧɧɨ, ɧɟ ɜɫɟ ɤɢɧɨɪɨɦɚɧɵ – ɞɟɲɟɜɚɹ, ɧɢɡɤɨɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɞɟɥɤɚ. ȼɨɩɪɨɫ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ: ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɢɡ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɡɧɚɤɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɭɸ, ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞ ɫ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɹɡɵɤ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ? ________________ 1ɘ.ɇ. Ɍ ɵ ɧ ɹ ɧ ɨ ɜ, ɂɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ, [ɜ:] ɟɝɨ ɠɟ, ɉɨɷɬɢɤɚ. ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ. Ʉɢ-ɧɨ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 1977, ɫ. 316. 2ɘ.ɇ. Ɍ ɵ ɧ ɹ ɧ ɨ ɜ, Ɉ ɋɰɟɧɚɪɢɢ, [ɜ:] ɟɝɨ ɠɟ, ɉɨɷɬɢɤɚ..., ɭɤɚɡ. ɫɨɱ., ɫ. 323. 3ɘ.ɇ. Ɍ ɵ ɧ ɹ ɧ ɨ ɜ, Ɉɛ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɯ ɤɢɧɨ, [ɜ:] ɟɝɨ ɠɟ, ɉɨɷɬɢɤɚ..., ɭɤɚɡ. ɫɨɱ., ɫ. 345. 4ɘ.Ɇ. Ʌ ɨ ɬ ɦ ɚ ɧ, Ɉ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ, [ɜ:] ɘ.Ɇ. Ʌɨɬɦɚɧ ɢ ɬɚɪɬɭɫɤɨ-ɦɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɫɟɦɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 1994, ɫ. 432–438. [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ] http://vivovoco.rsl.ru (14.11.2011).
Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɥɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɨɬ ɬɚɥɚɧɬɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɦɚ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɩɟɪɟɞɟɥɵɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɣ ɜ ɪɨɦɚɧ, ɢɥɢ ɠɟ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɧɟ-ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɞɜɭɯ ɡɧɚɤɨɜɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɬ.ɟ. ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɟɩɟɪɟ-ɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ. Ɇɧɟ ɜɫɟ-ɬɚɤɢ ɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɰɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɬɟɪɚ-ɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ ɤɢɧɨɮɢɥɶɦɚ – ɧɟ ɭɬɨɩɢɹ ɢ ɜɫɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɬɨɝɨ, ɤɟɦ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɞɟɥɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɤɫɬ. ɂɡɭɱɚɹ ɤɢɧɨɪɨɦɚɧ, ɦɵ ɢɦɟɟɦ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɫɥɟɞɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ, ɤɚɤ „ɬɟɤɫɬ ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɟ” ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ „ɬɟɤɫɬ ɧɚ ɛɭɦɚɝɟ”. ɗɬɨ ɬɟɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɤɢɧɨ – ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɜɢɞ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ, ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɚɭɞɢɨɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɚ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ, ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɱɭɜɫɬɜ. ɋɥɨɜɨ ɜ ɤɢɧɨ ɦɵ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɫɥɵɲɢɦ. Ɉɧɨ, ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜ-ɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɬɪɚɧɫɥɹɰɢɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ – ɧɨ ɧɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ. Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɤɚɪɞɢɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɤɢɧɨ: ɨɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɞɢɧ ɤɚ-ɧɚɥ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ (ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ, ɟɫɥɢ ɷɬɨ ɨɛɵɱɧɚɹ ɤɧɢɝɚ, ɫɥɭɯɨɜɨɣ – ɟɫɥɢ ɦɵ ɢɦɟɟɦ ɞɟɥɨ ɫ ɚɭɞɢɨɤɧɢɝɨɣ). ɂ, ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɩɪɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɤɢɧɨ-ɪɨɦɚɧɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɟɪɟɤɨɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢɡ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɭɸ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɟɫɬɶ ɟɳɟ ɨɞɧɚ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ: ɤɚɤɢɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɷɬɢɤɢ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɤɢɧɨɪɨɦɚɧɚ ɜɵɬɟɤɚɸɬ ɢɡ ɬɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɚ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɫɨɞɟɪ-ɠɚɧɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɭɠɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ ɪɟɰɢɩɢɟɧɬɭ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɹɬɨ ɢɦ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɪɟɰɟɩ-ɬɨɪɚɦɢ? ɂ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɫɬɭɥɚɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚ-ɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɤɢɧɨ ɦɧɟ ɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟɣɬ-ɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɞɟɢ Ɇɚɪɲɚɥɥɚ Ɇɚɤɥɸɷɧɚ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɨɬ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɡɧɚɤɚ, ɢɥɢ, ɤɚɤ ɨɧ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ, ɨɬ ɤɚ-ɧɚɥɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ (“The channel is the message”). Ʌɸɛɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬ ɫɨ-ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬ, ɢ ɟɝɨ ɜɢɞɟɧɢɟ ɦɢɪɚ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɜɵɞɜɢɝɚɟɬ ɤɚɤɨɟ-ɬɨ ɨɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɱɭɜɫɬɜ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɩɥɚɧ, ɪɚɡɪɭɲɚɹ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶ-ɧɨɟ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɢɦɢ. ɇɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɜɚɠɟɧ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɪɟɰɢɩɢɟɧɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɨɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɬɢɩ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪ-ɦɚɰɢɢ, ɚ ɬɢɩ ɢɧɮɨɪɢɧɮɨɪ-ɦɚɰɢɢ, ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɭ ɡɧɚ-ɤɨɜ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɟɟ ɤɨɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ. ɋɥɭɲɚɹ ɦɭɡɵɤɭ, ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɥɭɯɚ. ɋɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɢɧɚɹ ɫɢ-ɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɪɟɰɢɩɢɟɧɬɭ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧ ɜɢɞɟɨ-ɤɥɢɩ: ɬɢɩ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɡɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɟ, ɢ ɫɥɭɯ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɜɢɞɟɨɤɥɢɩɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɢ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɭɸ ɫɨ-ɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ. ɋɦɵɫɥ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɚ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɫ-ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɹɜɧɨ ɧɟ ɬɨɬ ɠɟ ɫɚɦɵɣ. ɋɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɹ ɤɢɧɨ ɢ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ ɤɚɤ ɜɢɞɵ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɮɢɥɶɦ ɢ ɤɧɢɝɭ ɤɚɤ ɢɯ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɬɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɩɨɥɶɡɭ-ɸɬɫɹ ɤɢɧɨ ɢ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɜɨɣ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ. Ⱦɥɹ
ɥɢɬɟ-ɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɡɪɟɧɢɟ, ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɪɟɰɢɩɢɟɧɬ ɜɨɫ-ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɜɟɪɛɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ. ɑɢɬɚɹ ɤɧɢɝɭ, ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɡɪɟɧɢɟ, ɨɧ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɤ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɚɦ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɢɞɢɦɨɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ, ɬ.ɟ. ɜɫɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɞɚɧɵ ɜ ɫɥɨɜɟ, ɚɛɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɢ, ɜɫɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɜɨɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɬ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɫɥɨɜɨ ɤɚɤ ɨɩɨɪɭ. Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɫ ɩɨɦɨ-ɳɶɸ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɢ ɪɟɰɢɩɢɟɧɬɚ ɩɪɨɱɢɟ (ɚɭɞɢ-ɚɥɶɧɵɟ, ɜɢɡɭ(ɚɭɞɢ-ɚɥɶɧɵɟ, ɬɚɤɬɢɥɶɧɵɟ) ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɟ ɤɢɧɨɮɢɥɶɦɚ ɞɢɚ-ɩɚɡɨɧ ɡɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɲɢɪɟ: ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢ ɚɭɞɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ. Ʉɨɧɟɱɧɨ, ɬɚɤɬɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɨɛɨɧɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɹ ɤɢɧɨ ɬɨɠɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ-ɪɭɟɬ, ɧɨ ɜɫɟ ɠɟ ɦɵ ɦɨɠɟɦ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ – ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɚɛ-ɫɬɪɚɤɬɧɨɟ, ɧɟɠɟɥɢ ɤɢɧɨ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɧɚɦ ɢ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɤɭ, ɢ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɟ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɤɢɧɨ ɢ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ – ɞɜɚ ɜɢɞɚ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜ, ɜɵɪɚɡɢ-ɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɥɟɠɚɬ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɹɯ ɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɹɬ ɫ ɪɟ-ɰɢɩɢɟɧɬɨɦ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɚɯ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɤɢɧɟɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮ ɢ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ, ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ, ɢɦɟ-ɸɬ ɪɹɞ ɫɯɨɠɢɯ ɱɟɪɬ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɚ ɡɧɚɤɚ ɩɨ ɡɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɤɚɧɚɥɭ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ), ɱɬɨ ɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɨ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ, ɤɚɤ ɷɤɪɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɧɨɜɟɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɟɪɟɤɨɞɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɫ-ɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɹɡɵɤ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɦ, ɧɨ, ɜɫɟ-ɬɚɤɢ, ɜɨɡ-ɦɨɠɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦ. Ɍɟɪɦɢɧ „ɧɨɜɟɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ” ɛɵɥ ɜɜɟɞɟɧ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɦ Ȼɚɥɨɞɨɦ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹ-ɟɬɫɹ ɢɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ: ɉɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɢɧɟɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɚ ɤɨɝɞɚ-ɬɨ ɜɵɡɜɚɥɨ ɤ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ, ɤɚɤ „ɷɤɪɚɧɢɡɚ-ɰɢɹ”. ȼ ɧɚɲɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɦ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ „ɧɨɜɟɥɥɢɡɚ„ɷɤɪɚɧɢɡɚ-ɰɢɹ”. ɉɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɫɸɠɟɬɵ ɢ ɝɟɪɨɢ ɤɢɧɨɮɢɥɶɦɨɜ, ɬɟɥɟɫɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɢɝɪ, ɨɛɪɚɡɵ ɢɡ ɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɵɯ ɪɨɥɢɤɨɜ, ɩɥɚɤɚɬɨɜ ɢ ɷɬɢɤɟɬɨɤ (ɢɥɢ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɬɨɬɢɩɵ) ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɪɨɦɚɧɨɜ, ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɹ ɜ ɪɨɥɢ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɵɯ ɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ5 . ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɤɢɧɨɪɨɦɚɧ ɤɚɤ ɠɚɧɪ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɧɚ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɞɨɛɢɟ ɫɜɨɟɦɭ ɤɢɧɨɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɭ, ɨɧ, ɬɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ, ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɨɬ ɧɟɝɨ ɨɬɥɢ-ɱɚɟɬɫɹ (ɯɨɬɹ ɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɰɟɥɶ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɣ ɮɢɥɶɦɨɜ – ɦɚɤɫɢ-ɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɣ ɤɢɧɟɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ). Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ, ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɨ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɢ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɠɚɧɪɨɜɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɜ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɹɞ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ – ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤ-ɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ, ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪ-ɧɨɦ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ. ɉɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɣ ɮɢɥɶɦ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɨɝ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɢɞɟɧ-ɬɢɱɧɵ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɦɵ ɦɨɠɟɦ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɨ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶ ɫɸɠɟɬ. Ȼɨɥɶɲɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɧɨɜɟɥɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɜɟɪɫɢɹ ɧɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɫɤɚɡ ɮɢɥɶɦɚ „ɛɥɢɡɤɨ ɤ ɬɟɤ-ɫɬɭ”, ɱɬɨ ɞɟɥɚɟɬɫɹ, ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ, ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɭɡɧɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɢɥɶ-________________ 5Ⱥ. Ȼ ɚ ɥ ɨ ɞ, Ʉɪɢɡɢɫ ɠɚɧɪɚ, Ɉɪɬɟɝɚ-ɢ-Ƚɚɫɫɟɬ ɢ ɪɨɦɚɧ-ɚɧɞɪɨɝɢɧ. [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟ-ɫɭɪɫ] http://lito.ru/all.php?uname=share11#5727 (14.11.2011).
ɦɚ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɜɟɪɫɢɢ. ɂ ɨɛɳɢɣ ɫɸɠɟɬ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɧɟɤɨɟɣ ɛɚɡɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɮɢɥɶɦɚ ɢ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ. ɗɬɨ ɡɚɥɨɝ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɭɡɧɚɧ ɢ ɨɩɨɡɧɚɧ ɤɚɤ ɧɨɜɟɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɧɨɮɢɥɶɦɚ, ɚ ɧɟ ɤɚɤ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɫɸɠɟɬɚ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɰɟɧɚ-ɪɢɣ. Ɉɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɬɢɬɭɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɫɬɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɪɚɡɚ ɬɢɩɚ „Ʌɢ-ɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɜɟɪɫɢɹ ɮɢɥɶɦɚ Ʉɨɧɫɟɪɜɵ. ɉɨ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɸ Ɉɥɟɝɚ ȿɝɨɪɨɜɚ ɢ ɢɞɟɟ ɘɪɢɹ ɉɟɬɪɨɜɚ. Ⱥɜɬɨɪ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɜɟɪɫɢɢ ɂɝɨɪɶ Ȼɪɭɫɟɧɰɟɜ”6.ɋɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɫɨɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɹ ɢ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ ɪɨɦɚɧɚ, ɱɬɨ ɥɢɲɧɢɣ ɪɚɡ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɟɬ „ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ” ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɢ. Ⱥ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɩɪɚɜɨɨɛɥɚɞɚ-ɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɥɢɫɬɟ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɟɳɟ ɲɢɪɟ ɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ, ɤɪɨɦɟ ɭɩɨɦɹ-ɧɭɬɵɯ ɥɢɰ, ɟɳɟ ɢ ɤɢɧɨɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɸ ɢɥɢ ɫɩɨɧɫɨɪɨɜ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ. ɋɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɩɨɫɬɫɰɟɧɚɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ. ɇɭɠɧɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɞɟɥɟ-ɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɝɥɚɜɵ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɫ ɞɟɥɟɞɟɥɟ-ɧɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɷɩɢɡɨɞɵ ɜ ɮɢɥɶɦɟ, ɬ.ɟ. ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɱɥɟɧɹɬ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɤɢɧɟɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ. ȼ Ʉɨɧɫɟɪɜɚɯ ɤɚɠɞɚɹ ɢɡ ɝɥɚɜ – ɷɬɨ ɧɨɜɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɦɨɟ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɤɚɤ ɪɟɦɚɪɤɢ: „Ɉɞɢɧɰɨɜɨ, 10 ɚɜɝɭɫɬɚ, 13 ɱɚɫɨɜ 20 ɦɢɧɭɬ”, „Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, 10 ɚɜɝɭɫɬɚ, 14 ɱɚɫɨɜ 10 ɦɢ-ɧɭɬ” ɢ ɬ.ɞ.7ɂɧɨɝɞɚ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɷɩɢɡɨɞɚɦɢ ɜɵɝɥɹɞɢɬ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɪɨɦɚɧɚ ɞɨɜɨɥɶ-ɧɨ ɤɨɦɢɱɞɨɜɨɥɶ-ɧɨ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɦɨɠɞɨɜɨɥɶ-ɧɨ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɝɥɚɜɵ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɦ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ. ȼ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜ. Ⱦɚɧɧɭɸ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɫɥɟɞɢɬɶ, ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɜ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɹ ɢ ɤɢɧɨɪɨɦɚɧɚ. Ʉ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɭ, ɫɪɚɜ-ɧɢɦ ɧɨɜɟɥɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɜɟɪɫɢɸ ɉɢɪɚɬɨɜ Ʉɚɪɢɛɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ: ɋɰɟɧɚɪɢɣ: Ʉɢɧɨɪɨɦɚɧ:
ELIZABETH (CONT'D): (under her breath) Drink up me hearties, yo ho [...]
JACK: What? What was that? (Elizabeth smiles) Something funny, Miss Swann? Share, please.
ELIZABETH: Nothing [...] it's nothing. Just [...] I'm reminded of a song I learned as a child. A song about pirates.
Having made herself take a swig of rum, the girl began to sing: “Drink up me hearties, yo ho [...]
– What? What was that? – started Jack the Sparrow
– Nothing [...] it's nothing. Just [...] I'm reminded of a song I learned as a child”8.
Ʉɚɤ ɦɵ ɜɢɞɢɦ, ɞɜɚ ɜɵɲɟɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɪɵɜɤɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɵ ɩɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ, ɡɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɢ ɤɢɧɨɪɨɦɚɧɚ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɪɟɩɥɢɤɚɦɢ ɬɢɩɚ „ɨɧ ɫɤɚɡɚɥ / ɨɧ ɫɩɪɨɫɢɥ / ɨɧɚ ɨɬɜɟɬɢɥɚ”. Ɉɧɢ ɫɥɭɠɚɬ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɞɪɚɦɚɬɭɪɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɜ ɷɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ. ɇɨ ɧɚɞɨ ɡɚɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɢɥɢɟ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜ – ɷɬɨ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɚ ɚɭɞɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨ-ɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɮɢɥɶɦɚ, ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɡɪɢɬɟɥɶ ɫɥɵɲɢɬ. Ⱦɢɚɥɨɝ ɢɝɧɨɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɬɨ-ɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɡɪɢɬɟɥɶ ɜɢɞɢɬ. ________________ 6ɂ. Ȼ ɪ ɭ ɫ ɟ ɧ ɰ ɟ ɜ, Ʉɨɧɫɟɪɜɵ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 2007. 7Ɍɚɦ ɠɟ, ɫ. 16–17. 8 ɉɢɪɚɬɵ Ʉɚɪɢɛɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ. ɉɪɨɤɥɹɬɢɟ „ɑɟɪɧɨɣ ɠɟɦɱɭɠɢɧɵ”. ɋɭɧɞɭɤ ɦɟɪɬɜɟɰɚ, Ɇɨɫ-ɤɜɚ 2007, ɫ. 88.
Ⱦɪɭɝɨɣ ɤɪɚɣɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɧɚɝɪɨ-ɦɨɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɣ. ȼ ɧɨɜɟɥɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɟɪɫɢɢ ɮɢɥɶɦɚ 13 ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚ-ɸɬɫɹ ɜ 30 (ɚɜɬɨɪ Ʉɪɢɫɬɚ Ɋɨɛɟɪɬɫ) ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɣ, ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɬɚ ɠɟ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ, ɧɨ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɚ ɨɧɚ ɢɧɚɱɟ. Ʉɚɤ ɭɠɟ ɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɥɨɫɶ, ɞɪɚɦɚ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ, ɱɟɦ ɷɩɨɫ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɧɟ ɱɭɠ-ɞɵ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɛóɥɶɲɚɹ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ. ɗɩɨɫ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɩɪɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ, ɜɧɟɲɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɵ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɟɣ, ɜ ɞɪɚɦɟ ɠɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɦɟɫɬɟ, ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢ ɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɥɢɰɚɯ ɞɚɧɵ ɜ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɦɟɬɤɚɯ, ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɪɟɱɶ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟ-ɤɨɞɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɞɪɚɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɷɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɞɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ, ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɤɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ, ɩɨ-ɞɪɭɝɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɵ. ȼ ɮɢɥɶɦɟ 13 ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ 30 ɦɟɫɬɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɞɜɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ: ɬɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ, ɝɞɟ ɀɚɧɧɚ ɠɢɥɚ ɫ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ, ɩɪɢɝɨɪɨɞ ɇɶɸ-Ƀɨɪɤɚ ɢ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɨɛɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɀɚɧɧɵ – ɫɚɦ ɇɶɸ-Ƀɨɪɤ. ȼɬɨɪɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɡ-ɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɚ ɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɧɚ, ɱɟɦ ɩɟɪɜɚɹ: ɟɫɥɢ ɜ ɧɶɸ-ɣɨɪɤɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɢɝɨɪɨɞɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚ-ɧɵ ɲɤɨɥɚ ɀɚɧɩɨɤɚɡɚ-ɧɵ, ɞɨɦ ɟɟ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɭɥɢɰɚ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɧ ɫɬɨɢɬ, ɫɚɦ ɇɶɸ--Ƀɨɪɤ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɰɟɥɨɣ ɜɟɪɟɧɢɰɟɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜ: ɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɚ ɀɚɧɧɵ, ɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɚ Ɇɷɬɚ, ɢɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɬɪɭɞɢɬɫɹ ɀɚɧɧɚ, ɛɚɪɵ ɢ ɧɨɱɧɵɟ ɤɥɭɛɵ, ɭɥɢɰɵ ɇɶɸ--Ƀɨɪɤɚ, ɩɚɪɤ. Ɋɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɜɧɟ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɱɟɬɤɨ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɭ ɯɪɨɧɨɬɨɩɚ: ɟɫɥɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɬɟɱɟɬ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɥɚɜɧɨɣ ɫɴɟɦɤɨɣ, ɤɚɦɟɪɚ ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ ɞɜɢɠɟɬɫɹ, ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɹ ɢɞɢɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɩɚɧɨɪɚɦɭ – ɪɹɞ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɞɨɦɨɜ ɫ ɭɯɨɠɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɝɚɡɨɧɚɦɢ ɢ ɱɢɫ-ɬɵɦɢ ɬɪɨɬɭɚɪɚɦɢ, ɬɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɛɭɤɜɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɧɢɡɚɧɨ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ. Ȼɵɫɬɪɚɹ ɫɦɟɧɚ ɤɚɞɪɨɜ, ɬɨɥɩɵ ɩɟɲɟɯɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɬɨɤɢ ɦɚɲɢɧ, ɱɟɬɤɢɟ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɧɟɛɨ-ɫɤɪɟɛɨɜ, ɩɪɨɧɡɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɟɛɨ – ɜɫɟ ɩɪɢɡɜɚɧɨ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɧɭɬɶ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɪɚɡ-ɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɧɶɸ-ɣɨɪɤɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɟɝɚɩɨɥɢɫɚ. ȼ ɮɢɥɶɦɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɹɞ, ɜ ɤɧɢɝɟ – ɱɟɪɟɡ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɸ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɥɟ-ɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ. Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɀɚɧɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɢɬ ɢɡ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ, ɡɪɢɬɟɥɶ ɜɢɞɢɬ ɨɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɧɶɸ-ɣɨɪɤɫɤɭɸ ɭɥɢɰɭ: ɧɟɛɨɫɤɪɟɛɵ, ɞɨɪɨɝɚ, ɦɚɲɢɧɵ, ɩɟɲɟ-ɯɨɞɵ, ɞɟɪɟɜɶɹ, ɩɨɞɴɟɡɞɵ, ɧɚ ɜɫɟ ɷɬɨ ɧɚɥɨɠɟɧ ɭɥɢɱɧɵɣ ɲɭɦ, ɝɨɥɨɫɚ ɥɸɞɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ. Ⱥɜɬɨɪ ɪɨɦɚɧɚ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɢɫɚ-ɧɢɹɦɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ: „ȼɵɛɪɚɜɲɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɭɥɢɰɭ, ɀɚɧɧɚ ɪɚɫɬɟɪɹɥɚɫɶ… ɋɜɟɬɢɥɨ ɫɨɥɧɰɟ, ɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɥɢ ɬɚɤɫɢ ɢ ɥɸɞɢ ɜ ɞɟɥɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɫɬɸɦɚɯ ɫɧɨɜɚɥɢ ɬɭɞɚ--ɫɸɞɚ”9 – ɧɚɥɢɰɨ ɩɨɩɵɬɤɚ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɢ ɤɚɞɪɵ ɮɢɥɶɦɚ, ɧɨ ɜɪɹɞ ɥɢ ɟɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɬɶ ɭɞɚɱɧɨɣ. ɉɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɨɜɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ. ɉɪɢ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɚɜɬɨɪ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɹ-ɟɬ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɢɧɬɟɪɶɟɪɚ: Ʉɜɚɪɬɢɪɚ ɭ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɤɥɚɫɫɧɚɹ. ɇɚ ɫɬɟɧɟ ɜɢɫɟɥ ɬɟɥɟɜɢɡɨɪ ɫ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɵɦ ɷɤɪɚɧɨɦ… Ʉɪɭɝɨɦ ɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚ ɜ ɯɨɤɤɟɣɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ, ɧɚ ɥɶɞɭ ɢ ɫ ɤɥɸɲɤɨɣ ɜ ɪɭɤɚɯ. Ⱥ ɟɳɟ ɜ ɝɨɫɬɢ-________________ 9Ʉ. Ɋ ɨ ɛ ɟ ɪ ɬ ɫ, 13 ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ 30, ɩɟɪ. ȿ. Ɋɚɲɚ, ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ 2004, ɫ. 46.
ɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɹɥɚ ɭɛɨɣɧɚɹ ɫɬɟɪɟɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ! ɂɝɪɚɥ ɤɚɤɨɣ-ɬɨ ɞɠɚɡ. ɀɚɧɧɚ ɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɢɥɚɫɶ ɧɚ ɦɹɝɤɨɦ ɤɨɠɚɧɨɦ ɞɢɜɚɧɟ […]10 . ȼɫɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɝɟɪɨɟɜ ɮɢɥɶɦɚ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɨɜɟɫɧɨ. Ɋɨɛɟɪɬɫ, ɩɨɞɨɛɧɨ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɭ, ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬ ɤɚɠɞɨɟ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɚɤɬɟɪɨɜ ɤɢɧɨɮɢɥɶɦɚ: ȼɟɪɧɭɜɲɢɫɶ ɞɨɦɨɣ, ɀɚɧɧɚ ɩɨɞɨɲɥɚ ɤ ɨɤɧɭ ɢ ɩɨɫɦɨɬɪɟɥɚ ɧɚ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɢɟ ɨɝɧɢ […]. ɉɨɬɟɪɟɛɢɜ ɜɨɥɨɫɵ, ɀɚɧɧɚ ɧɚɤɪɭɬɢɥɚ ɤɨɧɫɤɢɣ ɯɜɨɫɬ ɧɚ ɩɚɥɟɰ, ɭɫɬɚɜɢɜɲɢɫɶ ɜ ɧɢɤɭɞɚ11 . ɑɢɬɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɫɤɚɡ ɤɚɞɪɚ, ɱɬɨ ɥɢɲɚɟɬ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɞɜɢɠɟ-ɧɢɹ, ɞɟɥɚɹ ɟɝɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ, ɡɚɬɹɧɭɬɵɦ, ɱɟɦ ɮɢɥɶɦ. ȿɫɥɢ ɠɟ ɦɵ ɢɦɟɟɦ ɞɟɥɨ ɫ ɛɨɟɜɢɤɨɦ, ɬɨ ɚɜɬɨɪ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɞɟɥɚɹ ɚɤɰɟɧɬ ɧɚ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɣ ɫɦɟɧɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɚ: ɋɟɪɝɟɣ ɭɜɟɪɧɭɥɫɹ ɨɬ ɞɜɭɯ ɭɞɚɪɨɜ ɜ ɝɨɥɨɜɭ ɢ ɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɚɥ ɫ ɩɪɚɜɨɣ ɧɨɝɢ ɜ ɝɨɥɟɧɶ, ɜ ɩɚɯ ɢ ɜ ɝɨɥɨɜɭ. ɉɟɬɟɪɫ ɜɡɜɵɥ ɨɬ ɛɨɥɢ, ɧɨ ɧɚ ɧɨɝɚɯ ɭɫɬɨɹɥ ɢ ɫɧɨɜɚ ɛɪɨɫɢɥɫɹ ɧɚ ɍɫɨɥɶɰɟɜɚ. ɋɟɪɝɟɣ ɭɞɚɪɢɥ ɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɧɨɦ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɝɨɥɨɜɨɣ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɢɰɭ, ɫɥɨɦɚɜ ɧɨɫ, ɢ ɜ ɩɪɵɠɤɟ ɞɨɛɢɥ ɭɞɚɪɨɦ ɧɨɝɢ ɜ ɱɟɥɸɫɬɶ12 . ɉɨɞɨɛɧɚɹ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɚɹ ɫɤɨɪɟɟ ɞɥɹ ɦɢɥɢɰɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɚ, ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɪɨɦɚɧɚ ɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɭɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ: ɤɚɤɚɹ ɪɚɡɧɢɰɚ, ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɭɞɚɪɨɜ – ɨɞɢɧ, ɞɜɚ, ɛɨɥɶɲɟ? Ɂɚɱɟɦ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɚɧɚɬɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ ɭɞɚɪɨɜ? Ɉɱɟɜɢɞ-ɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɰɟɥɶ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ – ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɢ ɤɚɞɪ, ɨɧ ɨɬɫɵɥɚɟɬ ɧɚɫ ɤ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟ-ɦɭ ɷɩɢɡɨɞɭ, ɫɬɚɪɚɹɫɶ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɢ ɟɝɨ ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɹɞ, ɡɚɛɵɜɚɹ ɨ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɦ (ɤɪɨɦɟ ɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɹ ɨ ɜɡɜɵɜɲɟɦ ɉɟɬɟɪɫɟ, ɧɨ ɜɟɞɶ ɷɬɨ ɞɚɥɟɤɨ ɧɟ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɡɜɭɤ ɜ ɷɩɢɡɨɞɟ). ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɫɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɨɳɭɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɱɟɪɟɞɨɜɚ-ɧɢɢ ɨɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜ ɢ ɨɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɣ. ɂ ɟɫɥɢ ɚɜɬɨɪɭ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɟɬ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ, ɬɨ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɛɚɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɝɪɚɮɨɦɚɧɫɬɜɨ. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɟɳɟ, ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨ, ɩɨɦɧɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɤɢɧɨɪɨɦɚɧɵ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɫɩɟɯ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɮɢɥɶɦɚ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɤɨɪɞɧɨ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɟ ɫɪɨɤɢ, ɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬ, ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɧɚ ɞɨɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɤɭ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɭ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɧɟɬ. ɉɨ ɩɨɯɨɠɢɦ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɦ ɜɵɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɚ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɬɨɠɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɪɚɣɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɍɨ ɚɜɬɨɪ ɞɨɬɨɲɧɨ ɫɨɨɛɳɚɟɬ ɧɚɦ ɟɝɨ ɚɧɤɟɬɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ, ɬɨ ɩɪɨɝɨɜɚɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɤɚɠɞɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɝɟɪɨɹ (ɩɨɩɵɬɤɚ „ɤɚɥɶɤɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ” ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɫɴɟɦɤɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɤɚɦɟɪɭ), ɪɟɱɶ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɚ ɞɭɛɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɢ ɮɢɥɶɦɚ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɜɫɬɚɜɤɨɣ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɞɪɵ ɢɡ ɮɢɥɶɦɚ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɥɥɸ-ɫɬɪɚɰɢɣ (ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɟ ɤɧɢɝɢ, ɧɚ ɝɥɹɧɰɟɜɨɣ ɛɭɦɚɝɟ). ɉɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɦɵ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɬɨ „ɜɢɞɢɦ” ɝɟɪɨɹ, ɬɨ „ɫɥɵɲɢɦ”. ________________ 10Ɍɚɦ ɠɟ, ɫ. 114. 11Ɍɚɦ ɠɟ, ɫ. 130. 12ɂ. Ȼ ɪ ɭ ɫ ɟ ɧ ɰ ɟ ɜ, Ʉɨɧɫɟɪɜɵ, ɭɤɚɡ. ɫɨɱ., ɫ. 198.
ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ – ɨɬɪɵɜɨɤ ɢɡ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɟɣ ɤɢɧɨɪɨɦɚɧɚ 7 ɤɚɛɢɧɨɤ ɞɟɜɭɲɤɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɡɜɢɳɭ Ʉɨɬɟɧɨɤ. ɋɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɇɢɤɢɬɚ ɉɢɬɟɪ-ɫɤɢɣ (ɢɦɹ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ!) ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɜɧɟɲɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɬɨɣ ɞɟɜɭɲɤɢ: Ɉɧɢ ɧɟ ɞɨɲɥɢ ɞɨ ɞɜɟɪɢ ɛɭɤɜɚɥɶɧɨ ɞɜɭɯ ɲɚɝɨɜ, ɤɚɤ ɨɧɚ ɪɚɫɩɚɯɧɭɥɚɫɶ, ɢ ɜ ɬɭɚɥɟɬ ɜɨɲɥɚ ɞɟɜɭɲɤɚ ɞɜɚɞɰɚɬɢ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯ ɥɟɬ, ɨɞɟɬɚɹ ɜ ɛɚɥɟɬɧɭɸ ɩɚɱɤɭ ɱɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɥɟɛɟɞɹ13 . Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɚɧɧɨ ɫɤɨɦɩɨɧɨɜɚɧɨ ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ: ɞɟɜɭɲɤɟ 24 ɝɨɞɚ (ɩɨ-ɱɟɦɭ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɫɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɢ ɡɚɱɟɦ ɷɬɨ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɫ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ?), ɨɧɚ ɨɞɟɬɚ ɜ ɛɚɥɟɬɧɭɸ ɩɚɱɤɭ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɪɨɦɚɧɚ ɷɬɢ ɞɟɬɚɥɢ ɧɢɤɚɤ ɧɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɧɢ ɜ ɫɸɠɟɬɟ, ɧɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɤɢɯ-ɥɢɛɨ ɱɟɪɬ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ. ɗɬɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɜ ɮɢɥɶ-ɦɟ – ɤɚɤ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɫɬ ɫ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɞɟɬɚɥɹɦɢ ɤɨɫɬɸɦɚ ɢ ɮɢɥɶ-ɦɟɫɬɨɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨ-ɪɵɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɭɚɥɟɬ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɤɚɞɪɟ ɦɵ ɜɢɞɢɦ ɢɯ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟ-ɦɟɧɧɨ, ɚ ɜ ɪɨɦɚɧɟ ɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɹ ɛɚɥɟɬɧɨɣ ɩɚɱɤɢ ɢ ɬɭɚɥɟɬɚ ɪɚɡɜɟɞɟɧɵ. ɂɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ, ɱɬɨ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ ɉɢɪɚɬɚɯ Ʉɚɪɢɛɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ ɜɧɟɲɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɟɪɨɟɜ ɧɢɤɚɤ ɧɟ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɚɜɬɨɪ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɶ „ɩɨɦɧɢɬ” ɢɯ ɜɧɟɲɧɨɫɬɶ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɜɵɲɟɥ ɩɨ ɝɨɪɹɱɢɦ ɫɥɟɞɚɦ, ɩɨɱɬɢ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɟ-ɦɶɟɪɵ. ɂ ɧɚ ɜɫɹɤɢɣ ɫɥɭɱɚɣ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɤɧɢɝɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɵ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɢɧɨ-ɤɚɞɪɨɜ (ɤɫɬɚɬɢ, ɜ ɫɸɠɟɬɧɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ). ɋɬɨɢɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜɧɟɲ-ɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɥɢɱɜɧɟɲ-ɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɤɬɟɪɚ – ɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɚɹ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɚ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɧɚɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡ. Ƚɟɪɨɢ ɮɢɥɶɦɨɜ ɝɨɜɨɪɹɬ ɝɨɥɨɫɚɦɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɚɤ-ɬɟɪɨɜ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɢɯ (ɚɤɬɟɪɨɜ) ɜɧɟɲɧɨɫɬɶ, ɚɤɬɟɪɵ ɨɫɦɵɫɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɞɚɧ-ɧɭɸ ɢɦ ɪɨɥɶ, ɜɧɨɫɹɬ ɜ ɧɟɟ ɱɬɨ-ɬɨ ɫɜɨɟ, ɡɚɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ „ɠɢɬɶ” ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɟ. ɉɨɥɭɱɚ-ɟɬɫɹ ɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɣ ɫɢɦɛɢɨɡ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɢ ɪɨɥɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɨɧ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ. Ⱥ ɚɜɬɨɪ ɤɢɧɨɪɨɦɚɧɚ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬ ɧɚɫ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɤ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɚɤɬɟɪɫɤɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟ-ɞɟɧɢɸ. ɂ ɞɚɠɟ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɚɜɬɨɪ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬ ɝɟɪɨɹ, ɨɧ ɧɚ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɞɟɥɟ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬ ɚɤɬɟɪɚ. ȼɨɬ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɝɟɪɨɹ ɜ ɪɨɦɚɧɟ Ⱥɪɬɭɪɚ Ʉɜɚɪɢ ɏɢɳɧɢɤ 3: Ɉɧ ɜɫɟ ɟɳɟ ɛɵɥ ɜ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɫɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ. ȼɪɹɞ ɥɢ ɤɬɨ-ɧɢɛɭɞɶ ɞɚɥ ɛɵ ɟɦɭ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɫɨɪɨɤɚ ɬɪɟɯ, ɯɨɬɹ ɧɚ ɞɟɥɟ Ⱦɚɬɱ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɤ ɷɬɭ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɭ ɭɠɟ ɞɟɫɹɬɶ ɥɟɬ ɧɚɡɚɞ. ɇɨ ɟɝɨ ɬɟɥɨ ɜɫɟ ɟɳɟ ɨɫɬɚ-ɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɫɧɵɦ ɬɟɥɨɦ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɦɨɥɨɞɨɝɨ, ɩɵɲɭɳɟɝɨ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟɦ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ. Ɍɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɨɪ-ɳɢɧɵ ɧɚ ɥɢɰɟ ɩɪɨɹɜɢɥɢɫɶ ɱɭɬɶ ɱɟɬɱɟ, ɱɟɦ ɯɨɬɟɥɨɫɶ ɛɵ, ɢ ɧɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɫ ɜɟ-ɥɢɤɨɥɟɩɧɨɣ ɦɭɫɤɭɥɢɫɬɨɣ ɮɢɝɭɪɨɣ14 . Ɂɪɢɬɟɥɸ, ɡɧɚɤɨɦɨɦɭ ɫ ɩɟɪɜɵɦ ɮɢɥɶɦɨɦ ɏɢɳɧɢɤ, ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɦɭɫɤɭɥɢɫɬɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɫɧɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɞɨɪɢɫɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɛɥɢɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɹ ɛɟɡ ɜɫɹɤɢɯ ɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɣ. Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪ Ȼɚɥɨɞ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ Ʉɪɢɡɢɫ ɠɚɧɪɚ, Ɉɪɬɟɝɚ-ɢ-Ƚɚɫɫɟɬ ɢ ɪɨɦɚɧ--ɚɧɞɪɨɝɢɧ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɨ ɪɚɡɧɢɰɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɝɟɪɨɹɦɢ ɮɢɥɶɦɚ ɢ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɚɦɢ ɤɧɢɝɢ: ɉɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɢ ɤɧɢɝɢ – ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɵ, ɝɟɪɨɢ ɮɢɥɶɦɚ – ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɵ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɢ ɩɨɥɸɛɢɥɢ ɢɥɢ ɜɨɡɧɟɧɚɜɢɞɟɥɢ ɝɟɪɨɹ ɪɨɦɚɧɚ, ɚɜɬɨɪ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɨ ɧɟɦ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ ________________ 13ɇ. ɉ ɢ ɬ ɟ ɪ ɫ ɤ ɢ ɣ, 7 ɤɚɛɢɧɨɤ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 2007, ɫ. 42. 14Ⱥ. Ʉ ɜ ɚ ɪ ɢ, ɏɢɳɧɢɤ 3. [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ] http://www.fenzin.org/book/2160 (20.12. 2011).
ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɣ ɦɢɪ, ɡɚɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɵɱɧɵɟ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɤɢ ɢ ɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɷɦɨɰɢɢ. ȼ ɮɢɥɶɦɚɯ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɟɪɨɹ – ɜɧɟɲɧɟɟ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ. Ɇɟɫɬɨ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɟɣ-ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɨɜ (ɫɦɟɥɶɱɚɤ, ɫɤɭɩɟɰ, ɜɥɸɛɥɟɧɧɵɣ, ɪɚɡɢɧɹ, ɪɟɜɧɢɜɟɰ, ɠɢɡɧɟ-ɥɸɛɟɰ, ɧɵɬɢɤ, ɦɟɱɬɚɬɟɥɶ) ɡɚɧɹɥɢ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɢ-ɨɛɪɚɡɵ – ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɢɫɬ Ʉɨɧɚɧ, ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ-ɥɟɬɭɱɚɹ ɦɵɲɶ, ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ-ɩɚɭɤ, ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ-ɨɛɨɪɨɬɟɧɶ, ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ-ɩɢɧɝɜɢɧ, Ʉɢɧɝ-Ʉɨɧɝ, ɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ-ɧɟ-ɜɢɞɢɦɤɚ (ɤɚɤ ɧɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɧɨ, ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɥɸɛɢɦɵɯ ɝɟɪɨɟɜ ɤɢɧɟɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɚ) ɢ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɢ-ɞɟɣ-ɫɬɜɢɹ15 . Ɇɵ ɜɢɞɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɣ, ɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɭɸɳɢɣ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ ɡɚ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɤ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɤɢɧɟɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɛɪɚɡ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬ, ɤɚɤ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦ, ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɧɢɦ: ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɥɢɰɨ, ɦɨɠɧɨ – ɨɞɟɠɞɭ, ɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɨɨɛɳɟ ɧɢɱɟɝɨ ɧɟ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɬɶ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɪɟɰɢɩɢɟɧɬ ɭɠɟ ɜɢɞɟɥ ɮɢɥɶɦ ɢ ɟɦɭ ɧɟ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɫɚɦɨɦɭ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɟɣ, ɩɪɢ ɱɬɟɧɢɢ ɤɧɢɝɢ ɨɧ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɫɩɨɦɢɧɚɬɶ ɷɤɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɝɟɪɨɟɜ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɞɪɵ ɢɡ ɮɢɥɶɦɚ, ɜɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɤɧɢɝɭ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ. ɂ ɷɬɨ ɟɳɟ ɨɞɢɧ ɠɚɧɪɨɜɵɣ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤ ɤɢɧɨɪɨɦɚɧɚ – ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ ɤɢɧɨɪɨɦɚɧɚ ɧɟ ɤɚɤ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ, ɚ, ɫɤɨɪɟɟ, ɤɚɤ ɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɧɨɩɫɢ-ɫɚ ɮɢɥɶɦɚ. Ʉɢɧɨɪɨɦɚɧ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɧɟ ɤɚɤ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ, ɚ, ɫɤɨɪɟɟ, ɤɚɤ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɤɢɧɨɬɟɤɫɬɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɧɟ ɧɚɰɟɥɟɧ ɧɚ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚ-ɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫɨ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɤɢɧɨɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɚɞɨ ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɚɹ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɹ. Ɍɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚ-ɰɢɢ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɢɡ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɡɧɚɤɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɭɸ, ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɟɝɨ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɭ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ, ɫ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɧɟɢɡɛɟɠ-ɧɨ ɜɥɟɤɭɬ ɡɚ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ. Ɉɞɧɟɢɡɛɟɠ-ɧɨ ɢ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ, ɤɨɞɢɪɭɟ-ɦɨɟ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɤɨɜɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɜ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦ ɢɬɨɝɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɦ, ɧɨ ɢ ɜ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɥɚɧɟ, ɢ ɱɟɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ „ɥɢ-ɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɫɬɢ” ɩɪɢɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɨɜɟɥɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɟɪɫɢɢ ɮɢɥɶɦɚ, ɬɟɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬ-ɜɟɧɧɵ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ. Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɩɪɢ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɢ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɢɧɟɦɚ-ɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɩɟɪɜɨɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɭɪɟɡɚɟɬɫɹ, ɡɧɚɱɢɬ, ɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɟɞ-ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ. Ɍɚɤ, ɉɢɬɟɪ-ɫɤɢɣ ɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɫɹ ɨɛɨɝɚɬɢɬɶ ɫɸɠɟɬ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɪɢɫɨɜɤɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɟɣ. ɗɬɨ ɩɪɟ-ɞɵɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɟɣ, ɢɯ ɦɵɫɥɢ, ɫɧɵ ɢ ɮɚɧɬɚɡɢɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɟɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɩɪɹ-ɦɚɹ ɪɟɱɶ. Ⱦɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɜɵɲɟɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ, ɧɟ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɪɨɦɚɧ ɩɨɥɧɨ-ɰɟɧɧɵɦ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɦ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɦ ɮɢɥɶɦɚ, ɬ.ɤ. ɧɢɱɟɝɨ ɧɟ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɧɨɦ ɬɢɩɟ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɧɚ ɪɟɰɢɩɢɟɧɬɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɥɫɹ ɚɧɚɥɨ-ɝɢɱɧɵɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ. Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɉɢɬɟɪɫɤɢɦ, ɫɤɨɪɟɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɯɚɪɚɤ-ɬɟɪɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ-ɫɩɚɟɤ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɛɵ ________________ 15Ⱥ. Ȼ ɚ ɥ ɨ ɞ, ɭɤɚɡ. ɫɨɱ. [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ] http://lito.ru/all.php? uname=share11#5727 (14.12.2011).
ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɢɧɨɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɣ ɜ ɩɭɫɬɶ ɩɥɨɯɨɣ, ɧɨ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɬɟɤɫɬ. Ɍɚɤ, ɧɟ-ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɩɪɹɦɚɹ ɪɟɱɶ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɬɢɩɚ „ɨɧ ɩɨɞɭɦɚɥ / ɩɨɱɭɜɫɬɜɨɜɚɥ / ɫɤɚ-ɡɚɥ” ɬɢɩɢɱɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɦɥɹɸɬ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɧɵɣ ɞɢɚɥɨɝ, ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɹ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɚ – ɜɫɟ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɹɞ: – Ʉɚɤɨɝɨ ɱɟɪɬɚ ɬɵ ɞɟɥɚɟɲɶ? – ɜɡɜɨɥɧɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɧɟ ɧɚ ɲɭɬɤɭ ɒɬɪɢɯ. Ɍɨɪɦɨɡɚ ɭ ɩɚɪɧɹ ɩɨɥɟɬɟɥɢ, ɚ ɟɦɭ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɬɶ. Ⱦɚ ɢ ɞɟɥ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɧɚ ɞɜɨɢɯ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɢɥɢɱɧɨ. ȿɫɥɢ ɱɬɨ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɚɪɨ-ɜɨɡɢɤɨɦ ɡɚɝɪɟɦɟɬɶ16 . ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɮɢɥɶɦɟ ɜɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɡɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɹɞ, ɬɨ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɜɟɪɫɢɢ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɷɬɢ ɷɦɨ-ɰɢɢ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɛ ɢɯ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɦɨɝ ɭɡɧɚɬɶ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɶ. ɉɢɬɟɪɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɝɟɪɨɟɜ, ɢɯ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɤɜɨɡɶ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ, ɜɟɪɛɚɥɢɡɭɹ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɡɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɹɞ ɤɢɧɨɥɟɧɬɵ. Ʉɚɠɞɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɝɟɪɨɟɜ ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɛɭɦɚɝɟ, ɛɭɞɬɨ ɫɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɤɚ-ɦɟɪɭ. ɇɨ ɜɫɟ-ɬɚɤɢ ɬɚɤɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ ɜ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɩɪɨɢɝɪɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɜɨɟɦɭ ɤɢɧɟɦɚɬɨ-ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɭ: ɩɪɨɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɹ ɮɢɥɶɦ, ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɜɢɞɢɬ ɠɢɜɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ, ɫɥɢɬɧɨɟ ɢ ɧɟɪɚɫɱɥɟɧɟɧɧɨɟ, ɫ ɦɚɥɟɣɲɢɦɢ ɧɸɚɧɫɚɦɢ: ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɝɥɚɡ, ɩɨɜɨ-ɪɨɬɨɦ ɝɨɥɨɜɵ, ɤɚɤɢɦɢ-ɬɨ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɩɨɯɨɞɤɢ ɢ ɬ.ɞ., ɚ ɜ ɤɧɢɝɟ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɨɩɢ-ɫɚɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɟɧ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɡɚɧɹɬɧɵɦ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɚɫɬɟɪ, ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɉɢɬɟɪɫɤɢɣ ɧɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ. Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɜɟɪɛɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɩɪɨɢɝɪɵɜɚɟɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɜɢɡɭɚɥɢ-ɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɜ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɉɫɨɛɵɣ ɩɥɚɫɬ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ 7 ɤɚɛɢɧɨɤ – ɪɟɬɪɨɫɩɟɤɰɢɢ. ɋɚɦ ɩɪɢɟɦ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ, ɧɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɢɧɚɱɟ ɜ ɮɢɥɶɦɟ ɢ ɜ ɤɧɢɝɟ. ȿɫɥɢ ɪɟɬɪɨ-ɫɩɟɤɰɢɢ ɜ ɮɢɥɶɦɟ ɨɬɫɵɥɚɸɬ ɧɚɫ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦ ɧɚ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɱɚɫɨɜ ɧɚɡɚɞ, ɬɨ ɤɧɢɠɧɵɟ – ɧɚ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɟɫɹɬɤɨɜ ɥɟɬ, ɢ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɤɧɢɠɧɵɯ ɨɬɫɵɥɨɤ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɬɭɚɥɟɬɟ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɟɣ, ɚ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɶ ɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ, ɩɪɢ-ɱɢɧɵ ɢɯ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ. ɇɭɠɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɡɚɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɨɬɫɵɥɨɤ ɤ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɦɭ ɜ ɤɧɢɝɟ ɝɨɪɚɡɞɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɢɯ ɰɟɥɶ – ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɸ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɝɟɪɨɹ, ɜ ɮɢɥɶ-ɦɟ ɠɟ ɨɧɢ ɩɪɢɮɢɥɶ-ɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɨɝɞɚ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɚ ɜ ɤɚɞɪɟ. ɉɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵ ɞɚɥɟɤɨ ɧɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ: ɟɫɥɢ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɢɥɥɟɪɚ ɜ ɠɟɧɫɤɨɦ ɬɭɚɥɟɬɟ ɚɜɬɨɪɭ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɤɚɤ-ɬɨ ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɢɪɨ-ɜɚɬɶ, ɬɨ ɭɛɨɪɳɢɰɵ – ɧɟɬ. ɂɧɬɟɪɟɫɟɧ ɷɩɢɡɨɞ ɫ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɟɥɚ ɧɚɪɤɨɦɚɧɚ Ɋɢɧɝɨ. ȼ ɮɢɥɶɦɟ ɛɚɧ-ɞɢɬɵ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɸɬ ɤɚɛɢɧɤɭ, ɩɟɪɟɞ ɡɪɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɬɪɭɩ ɧɚɪɤɨɦɚɧɚ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɩɥɟɧɤɚ „ɨɬɦɚɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɡɚɞ” ɢ ɦɵ ɜɢɞɢɦ ɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɬ-ɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ: ɧɚɪɤɨɦɚɧ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɭɤɨɥ, ɪɚɡɦɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɠɝɭɬ, ɨɞɟɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɢɬ ɢɡ ɬɭɚɥɟɬɚ ɩɪɹɦɨ ɧɚ ɡɚɛɪɨɲɟɧɧɵɣ ɡɚɜɨɞ. ɇɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɵɣ ɯɨɞ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɣ ɡɚɤɚɧɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬ ɬɟɱɶ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨ. ɇɚɪɤɨɦɚɧ ɩɨɤɭɩɚɟɬ ɭ ɞɢɥɟɪɚ ɬɨ-ɜɚɪ, ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɤɚɞɪ – ɪɭɤɚ ɧɚɪɤɨɦɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɭɱɤɟ ɞɜɟɪɢ ɬɭɚɥɟɬɚ. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɷɩɢ-ɡɨɞɟ ɦɵ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦ ɫɞɜɢɝɢ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɚ, ɧɨ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧ-ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ: ɢɡ ɬɭɚɥɟɬɚ Ɋɢɧɝɨ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɜɨ ɞɜɨɪ ɡɚɜɨɞɚ, ɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɰɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɡɚɜɨɞɟ ________________ 16ɇ. ɉ ɢ ɬ ɟ ɪ ɫ ɤ ɢ ɣ, ɭɤɚɡ. ɫɨɱ., ɫ. 70.
ɜɧɨɜɶ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɭɚɥɟɬɟ. Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɠɟ ɩɪɢɟɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬ ɪɟɠɢɫɫɟɪ, ɱɬɨɛɵ „ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɮɚɛɭɥɭ” ɢɡ ɪɚɡɪɨɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ, ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɜɡɝɥɹɞ ɧɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɠ-ɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɷɩɢɡɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɝɟɪɨɟɜ. Ɇɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚ-ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɣ, ɨɬɥɨɠɢɜɲɭɸɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɢ ɤɢɥɥɟɪɚ, ɢ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɜɟɪ-ɫɢɸ ɫ ɜɟɪɫɢɟɣ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɝɟɪɨɹ – Ɍɚɬɶɹɧɵ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɭɸ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɮɢɥɶ-ɦɚ. ȼɫɟ ɬɚɬɶɹɧɢɧɵ ɷɩɢɡɨɞɵ ɩɪɨɤɪɭɱɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɝɨɥɨɜɟ ɤɢɥɥɟɪɚ – ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɨɬɤɢ ɜɩɟɪɟɞ – ɢ ɮɚɛɭɥɚ ɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɶ. ȼ ɜɟɪɫɢɢ ɪɨɦɚɧɚ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɮɚɛɭɥɵ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɪɚɬɤɢɣ ɩɨ-ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɟɫɤɚɡ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɣ. Ɏɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɬɨɬ ɠɟ – ɮɚɛɭɥɚ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɚɹ, ɧɨ ɜ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɜɟɪɫɢɢ ɷɬɨ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɣ ɤɪɚɬɤɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɫɤɚɡ, ɧɟ ɩɟ-ɪɟɞɚɧɨ ɸɦɨɪɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɤɪɚɫɤɢ ɜɫɟɣ ɫɰɟɧɵ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɤɢɥɥɟɪ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɢ ɜɵɣɬɢ ɢɡ ɤɚɛɢɧɤɢ, ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɬɭɚɥɟɬɟ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɤɬɨ-ɬɨ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ, ɧɢ ɫɩɪɚɜɢɬɶ ɧɭɠɞɭ (ɯɨɬɹ ɨɧ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɦɟɫɬɟ), ɬ.ɤ. ɨɛ-ɧɚɪɭɠɢɬ ɫɟɛɹ. ȼ ɤɧɢɝɟ ɷɬɨɬ ɷɩɢɡɨɞ ɫɤɨɪɟɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɤɚɤ ɢɡɧɭɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɠɢɞɚɧɢɟ ɢɡɦɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ. ɂɡ ɜɫɟɯ ɤɢɧɨɪɨɦɚɧɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɧɟ ɞɨɜɟɥɨɫɶ ɩɪɨɱɟɫɬɶ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚɞ ɬɟɦɨɣ, ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɝɥɹɞɢɬ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɜɟɪɫɢɹ ɮɢɥɶɦɚ 20 ɫɢɝɚɪɟɬ. Ɍɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɧɚɞ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɹ Ⱦɦɢɬɪɢɹ ɋɨɛɨɥɟɜɚ, ɧɨ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɤɨ-ɥɭɦɧɢɫɬɚ Ⱦɦɢɬɪɢɹ ɋɨɤɨɥɨɜɚ-Ɇɢɬɪɢɱɚ: ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɭɟɬɫɹ „ɪɭɤɚ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨ-ɧɚɥɚ”. Ɍɟɤɫɬ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ, „ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɧ”. ɋ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɫɨ-ɯɪɚɧɹɟɬ ɜɫɟ ɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɵɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ ɠɚɧɪɚ: ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ ɮɢɥɶɦɚ ɢ ɤɧɢɝɢ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɸɬ, ɬɟɤɫɬ ɛɟɡɦɟɪɧɨ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɚɦɢ, ɩɟɪɟɦɟɠɚɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹɦɢ. Ƚɟɪɨɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɜɧɟɲɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɤɬɟɪɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɯ ɢɝɪɚɸɬ (ɜɧɟɲɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɢɤɚ ɫ „ɜɫɟ-ɝɞɚ ɝɥɚɞɤɨ ɜɵɛɪɢɬɨɣ ɫɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɬɨɪɨɧ ɝɨɥɨɜɨɣ” – ɷɬɨ ɜɧɟɲɧɨɫɬɶ Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚ ɋɭ-ɯɚɧɨɜɚ). Ʉɚɤ ɜ 7 ɤɚɛɢɧɤɚɯ, ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɟɣ ɚɜɬɨɪɵ ɧɭɠɞɚɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɨɛɲɢɪɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɵɫɬɨɪɢɹɯ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜ ɮɢɥɶɦɟ ɧɟɬ. ɇɨ ɧɚɞɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɨɞɧɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɢɬ ɪɨɦɚɧ ɢɡ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɟɥɨɤ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ: ɩɨɜɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɬ 3 ɥɢɰɚ – ɜɟɡɞɟ ɧɟɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɩɪɹɦɚɹ ɪɟɱɶ. Ɋɨɦɚɧ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɷɩɢɡɨɞɨɜ. ȼ ɤɚɠ-ɞɨɦ ɷɩɢɡɨɞɟ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɞɜɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɥɢɰɚ. ɇɨ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɢɡ ɷɩɢɡɨɞɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɚɧ ɞɜɚɠɞɵ – ɨɬ ɥɢɰɚ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɝɟɪɨɹ Ⱥɧɞɪɟɹ ɋɦɚ-ɪɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɩɨɬɨɦ ɞɭɛɥɶ ɨɬ ɥɢɰɚ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ. ɂ, ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨ, ɬɨɱ-ɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ, ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɤɚɪɞɢɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɧɟ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɸɬ. ɇɚɩɪɢ-ɦɟɪ, ɤɨɝɞɚ Ⱥɧɞɪɟɣ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨ ɩɨɞɜɨɡɢɬ ɤɨɪɨɥɟɜɭ ɣɨɝɭɪɬɨɜ ɜ ɚɷɪɨɩɨɪɬ, ɨɧ ɜɢɞɢɬ ɜ ɧɟɣ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɭɸ ɰɢɧɢɱɧɭɸ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɦɟɧɲɭ, ɢɡ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚ ɪɟɲɢɜɲɭɸ ɭɧɢɱɬɨɠɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɤɚɪɶɟɪɭ. Ɉɧ ɞɚɠɟ ɜ ɨɬɱɚɹɧɢɢ ɩɵɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɟɯɚɬɶ ɟɟ: Ɇɚɲɢɧɚ ɜɞɪɭɝ ɫɚɦɚ ɪɟɡɤɨ ɬɪɨɧɭɥɚɫɶ ɫ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɢ ɭɫɬɪɟɦɢɥɚɫɶ ɩɪɹɦɨ ɧɚ Ʉɨɪɨɥɟɜɭ […]. Ɉɧɚ ɩɨɫɦɨɬɪɟɥɚ ɧɚ ɧɟɝɨ ɤɚɤ ɧɚ ɩɭɫɬɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ. Ʉɚɤ ɧɚ ɦɭɯɭ ɢɥɢ ɬɚɛɚɱɧɵɣ ɞɵɦ, ɜɵɩɭɳɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɡ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɭɬɪɚ […]. Ɉɧ ɩɪɨɢɝɪɚɥ. ɑɬɨ ɛɵ ɧɢ ɫɥɭɱɢɥɨɫɶ ɡɚɜɬɪɚ, ɨɧ ɩɪɨɢɝɪɚɥ17 . ________________ 17Ⱦ. ɋ ɨ ɛ ɨ ɥ ɟ ɜ, Ⱦ. ɋ ɨ ɤ ɨ ɥ ɨ ɜ - Ɇ ɢ ɬ ɪ ɢ ɱ, 20 ɫɢɝɚɪɟɬ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 2007, ɫ. 263–264.
ɂ ɨɬ ɨɬɱɚɹɧɢɹ ɨɧ ɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɞɪɭɝɚ. Ⱥ ɤɨɪɨɥɟɜɚ ɣɨɝɭɪɬɨɜ ɩɪɨ-ɫɬɨ ɧɟ ɡɚɦɟɱɚɟɬ ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ – ɭ ɧɟɟ ɪɚɡɜɨɪɚɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɟɟ ɥɢɱɧɚɹ ɞɪɚɦɚ, ɢ ɜ ɦɚɲɢ-ɧɟ ɟɞɟɬ ɦɚɲɢ-ɧɟ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɚɹ ɛɢɡɦɚɲɢ-ɧɟɫɦɟɧɲɚ, ɚ ɛɪɨɲɟɧɧɚɹ ɠɟɧɳɢɧɚ. Ƚɞɟ-ɬɨ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɢɮɟ-ɪɢɢ ɟɟ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɜɨɫɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɟ ɨɛ ɷɬɨɦ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɟ, ɧɨ ɟɣ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɧɟ ɞɨ ɧɟɝɨ: Ʉɨɪɨɥɟɜɚ ɭɜɢɞɟɥɚ ɜɩɟɪɟɞɢ ɡɧɚɤɨɦɨɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ. ɇɟɬ, ɷɬɨ ɧɟ ɬɟɥɟɜɢɡɨɪ, ɷɬɨ ɡɟɪɤɚɥɨ ɡɚɞɧɟɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ. Ⱥ ɜ ɧɟɦ [...] – Ȼɨɪɢɫ? – Ⱥɧɞɪɟɣ. Ⱥɯ, ɧɭ ɞɚ, ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨ. ɇɭ, ɡɞɪɚɜɫɬɜɭɣ, ɛɟɞɧɵɣ ɦɚɥɶɱɢɤ. Ɇɢɪ ɬɟɫɟɧ […] Ʉɚɤɨɣ-ɬɨ ɩɪɢ-ɞɭɪɨɤ ɨɫɥɟɩɢɥ ɟɟ ɞɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɫɜɟɬɨɦ, ɢ ɨɧɚ ɞɚɠɟ ɧɟ ɭɜɢɞɟɥɚ, ɤɚɤ ɦɚɲɢɧɚ Ⱥɧɞɪɟɹ ɪɚɡɜɟɪɧɭɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɣ ɛɥɢɡɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɧɟɣ. Ɉɧɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɫɥɵɲɚɥɚ ɜɢɡɝ ɲɢɧ ɢ ɩɨɱɭɜɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɚ ɜɟɬɟɪɨɤ [...]18 . ________________ 18Ɍɚɦ ɠɟ, ɫ. 265–268.
