Ac/a Agrophysica, 2002, 68, 149-157
DIFFERENCES
IN THE CHEMICAL
COMPOS
ITIO
N OF
BOTTOM
SEDIMENTS
IN
THREE LAKES IN THE POLESIE LUBELSKIE REGION
M Misz/a/, K. Szafran
Oepartment of Hydrobiology and khthyology, University of Agriculture Akademicka 13 str., 20-934 Lublin. Poland
e-mail: kszafran@ursus.ar.lublin.pl
A b s I r a c t. Over the spring, and aunllnn scason in thc ycar 2000, inveslig,ations werc
eon-ducled on the bonom sediment chemieal composition in the li\1oral and on the middle part ol' Ihree
lakcs in the Polesie Lubelskie. In the bonom sediments the conlenl af organie mMtcr, biogenic cle-rnenls (lata 1 nilrogen and total phosphorus), macroelements (Ca, Mg, Na, K) as well as pH values werc dctcrmined. The objccti\'c af the prcsent work was thc anntysis af the scasoml variability and zone distribulioll
or
chemieal eomponenls in Ihe bollom sediments nr Ihe lakes studied. Dirrerences were observed ofthe chemieal eomposition ofthe botlom sedimenls ofthe lakes. Both the zonal and seasonal v<\riability ofthe chemieal eornposilion ofthe bollom sedimenls proved 10 be different with regard lo the lakc researched.K c y \V O r d s: bkes, bollom sediments, chcmical composition
IN
TRODUCT
ION
Boltom
sedi
ments
are of great importance for the functioning or
water
ecosys-tems. They link the process
of
change and circulation
of auto-
and
allochton
i
e
matler
and
participate in the circulation cycle oftbe elements ofa
lake.
The
composition and
properties of botlom sediments depend on the
h
ydro-meehan
ical
, physicochemical
and biological conditions
in
a
lake
and its eatchment
area,
hence tbey can be
consid-ered as an important indicator ofthe activity ofthe water environment [3,5, I 0, I I).
Current investigations
on
the chemical
status
ofthe lakes in the Polesie
Lubel-skie
have focused on
wa
ter quality evaluation and there
a
r
e
only
a
rew
works
con-cerning the chemieal properties ofboltom
sed
iment
s.
The research aimed to determine and compare the
seasonal and zonal
variabi-lity of th
e
chemical composition of the bollom
sediments
of Lakes
Syczyńskie,150 M. MISZTAL. K. SZAFRAN
MATERIAL AND METHOOS
Some chosen morphometrical qualities of the lakes studied are presented in Table I [9].
T Ol b I c I. Selected morphometrical and limnological data ofsludied lakes [9J
Name oflake SyczYliskie Kleszczów Rotcze
Area (ha) 5.65 53.9 42.7 Length (m) 280 1092 873 maximum (m) 260 700 644 Widlh average (m) 214 494 489 I<nglh (m) 895 3042 2449 Shorelinc deve\opment 1.02 1.17 1.06 maximum (m) 2.9 2.35 4.3 Dcplh average (m) 1.8 1.3 1.9
Mieclic type polymictic polymictic polymictic
Trophic typc hypcrtrophic cutrophic culrophic
Fishery Iypc crusian carp lakc tcnch-pikc bkc tench-pike bkc
Catchment <Iren (ha) 458.17 253.38 157.19
The bottom sediment sampies were collected from stands located in the littoral and in the middle part of each lake during two seasons, spring (May) and autumn (Oc-tober) 2000. The sediment was collected by means of a Kajaks Corer. Each sample was obtained after a fivefold collection of20 cm bottom sediment columns.
A chemical analysis of bottom sediments was performed according to the methods prevailing as commonly applied [1,6].
From air dried and ground sediment a representative sample was collected, then dried at 105°C temperature to eon stan t weight. Afterwards 1-2 g ofweighed amounts we re prepared for each determination. The organie malter content was es-tablished electrometrically (as loss on ignition at 550°C for 2 h), hydrogen iOl1s
concentration (in pH units), the total nitrogen according to Kjeldahls method, the total of phosphorus after the colorimetric method with ammonium molybdate and stannous chloride and finally, after mineralization with a mixture of perchloric and nitrogen acids, the macroelements were fixed: Ca, Mg, Na, K by means of
spectro-CI-TEMICAL COMPOSITION OF BOTTOM SEDIMENTS 151
photometry of atomie absorplion (ASA)_ The results presenled (Figs I, 2, 3a, 3b) eonslitute the average values oflhe Ihree parallei determinalions.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The bottom sedimenls of Lake Syezyńskie demonslrated inereased (compared to the other lakes) total phosphorus - 2.4 mg g-I d.w. in Ihe lilIorai and 3.8 mg g-I d.w. in the middle part of lake during Ihe spring season and 3.1 mg g-I d.w. in bolh Ihe lilIorai and middle part oflhe Lake in Ihe autumn. A slight degree ofaf-forestation, Ihe greal pereentage of agrieullural land in the struclure of the Lake Syczyńskie calchment area is Iikely to eause a quite high phosphorus eompound eontenl in this basin. The qualilative parameters of wat er and bOllom sedimenls of this Lake are mueh influenced by Ihe geological Slruclure of its ealchmenl area [2]. A lillle alkaline reaelion (7.2-7.5 pH) logelher wilh raised a calion conlent in Ihe bOllom sediment result from Ihe suseeplibility oflhe eatehment area ehalk sub-Slrale lO hydrolysis. The lack of submerged maerophyles resulted in Ihe low con-eentralion of organie malIer, in comparison 10 Ihe remaining lakes.
The lowest reaetion - pH 6.0 was shown by Ihe bOllom sedimenl in Lake Kleszczów. The low tOlal phosphorus eonlenI in Ihe bOllom sediment oflhis Lake, in boI h Ihe zon es sludied, testifies to the greal phosphorus requiremenl in water depths, as well as the protective funetion of Ihe forest barrier in redueing the entry ofpollulants.
The bottom sediment in Lake Roleze revealed the highesl reaetion (7.7 pH) and a great amount oftolal nilrogen and magnesium ions - 1.08 mg g-I d.w. in Ihe lil-toral, whereas 1.56 mg g-I d.w. in the middle oflhe Lake in the spring and 1.28 mg g-I d.w. in the Iittoral and 1.45 mg g-I d.w. in the middle part oflhe Lake in Ihe aulumn.
The organic maller content in Lake Syezyńskie remained at the same level, while in Lakes Kleszczów and Rotcze it showed zonal differences which tended to increase, together with depth growth in Ihe autumn. The variability oflhe biogenic element eoncentrations acted similarly. There was no great differenee in Ihe pH values in any oflhe Lakes researched.
1t can be stated that sediments from Ihe middle part of the lake zone conlain analysed components in higher coneentralions (exeept for Ihe eontenl of ea ions from Lakes Kleszczów and Rotcze, the lotal P of Lakes Syezyr\skie and Roteze, Mg ions ofSyczyńskie) and lower pH values than lilIorai sediments.
Elemenl concentrations and pH value in the bOli om scdimenl of Lake Kleszczów proved to be higher in the autumn as compared to the spring in both
152 M. MISZTAL. K. SZAFRAN autumn 00 spring 00 I II
:::
c. 2Utunm 00"
l -littoralII - middl. part of lak. Fig. 1. Org~nic mattercontent and pH valuc in the bottom scdimcnts ofsludicd lakes
4 3,5
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF BOTTOM SEDlMENTS
J - -- --- -- ._---.. __ . auhnnnOO sprin~ 00 autumn 00 spring 00 11 I -littora I
11 -mi(hllc pali uf lakc
Fig. 2. Biogenic elcments (P and N) content in the bottom scdimcnts ofstudicd lakes
154 M. M1SZTAL, K. SZAFRAN autumnOO
"
autwnnOO II I -tittoral 11 - middlc I'arl of la ke Fig. 3a. Mg and ea conlenl in the boHom scdiments ofstudicd bkesCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF BOTTOM SEDIMENTS
II
l II
Fig. 3b. Na and K conlent in the bottom scdimcnts or sludied lak es
aotumnOO spring 00 autumnOO I . littoral II -middle parł oflake 155
156 M. MfSZTAL, K. SZAFRAN
fhe zones analysed. The variability of biogene concentrations in the middle of
Lake Rotcze and the content of all the components
Dr
the littoral sediment acted similarly. In the bottom sediments ol' Lake Syczyńskie there was no such depen-dence of Mg and Na content in any ofthe zon es researched. However, in the mid-dle part ol' Lake Rotcze, higher concentrations of macroelements were recorded in
the spring.
The organie malter eon tent in Lake Syczyńskie remained at the same level,
while in Lakes Kleszczów and Rotcze it sllOwed zonal di fferences which tended to
increase, !ogether with depth growth in the autumn. CONCLUSIONS
I. The element concentrations in the bottom sediments of the Lakes studied
acted at differen! levels. No great differences in pH values in any of the Lakes
re-searched was staled.
2. 80th seasonal and zonal differences in the content of nutrients in the bottom
sediments of all the Lakes were observed.
3. In the middle part of the lakc, highcr concentrations of chemical com po-nents and a lower pH value than in the littoral part were detemlined.
4. In spring, the eon tent of the components analysed in the bottom sediments
of Lake K leszczów was lower as against that from the autumn. Such a dependence
was not observed for ali components analyscd in Lakes Syczyńskie and Rotczc REFERENCES
l. Bengtssoll L., Pefsson T.: Sediment changes in lakes lIsed for scwage intakc. Pol. Arch. Hy -drobio!., 25, 112. 17-33. 1978.
Oawidck J: Physico-chcmical propertics
er
lacustrine wntcrs (in Polish). In: Lakcs ol' Lftczna-\Vlodawa Naturc monograph (Eds: M. Harasimiuk. Z. Michalczyk, M. Turczyilski). UMCS.
Lublin, 113-127,1998.
3. Garton L. S., Sylvcster B. A.t Autcnriclh R. L., Bonner J. S.: Aquatic sediments. Wcl.
Envi-ran. Res., 65. 534-547, 1993.
4. Górniak A.t Misztal M., Magierski J.: Differentiation of the chemical composition or
near-bOHom walers and bottom sediments of the mcsotrophic Lake Piaseczno (Lęczyńsko
Wlodn.wskic Lake District, Poland). Acta I-Iydrobiol., 35, 3, 193-:202, 1993.
S. Hanscn K.: Lakcs typcs and lak e sediments. Vcrh. Inlern. Vcrcin. Limnol., 14,185-290, '961. 6. Janllszkicwicz T.: Studies of chemical analysis Il1clhods of rcccnt boli om sediments
composi-tion oflakcs (in Polish). Zesz. Nauk. ART. Olsztyn, 8,1-29,1978.
7. JaulIszkiewicz T., Januszkiewicz K. R.: Chcmical composition of rccent bonom sedimcnts 01' Lake Zagnanie. Acta Hydrobiol., 22. 2. 157-178, 1980.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF BOTroM SEOIMENTS 157
8. Kcnłzcr A.: Accumulation Dr phosphorus :md nitrogen in bortom sedimcnls 01' Lakc Gością:l Acta UNC Pr. Limn .• 19.37-47.1995.
9. MichaJczyk Z.: Water condilions
Dr
t.ęczna·Wlodawa LakeJnnd (in Polish). In: LakcsDr
Lęczna·\Vłodawa Nature monograph (Eds: M. I Jarasimiuk, Z. Michnlczyk. M. Turczynski). UMCS. Lublin. 55-71. i998.10. T'ldajcwski A.: Bonom sediments in ditferent limnelic zones
Dr
a elllrophic lake Ekol. pol. A, i 4. 3~ i -34 i. 1966.II. Trojanowski J., Trojanowska Cz., Ratajczyk H.: Chcmical characteristics
or
boHom scdi· ments top laycr in Szczytno M:1lc lakc. Pol. Arch. Hydrobiol., 32. 99-1 J:!, 1985.ZRÓŻNICOWANIE SKŁADU CHEMiCZNEGO OSADÓW DENNYCI-I
TRZECH JEZIOR POLESIA LUBELSKIEGO
k!
Mis=/a/.
K.S=afran
Katedra Hydrobiologii i Ichtiobiologii. Akademb Rolnicz.1
ul. Akademicka 13,20-934 Lublin, Polska: c-mail: kszafrnn@ursus.ar.Jublin.pl
S t r e s z c z e n i e. Badano skład chemiczny osadów dennych trzech jezior: Syczyńskie, Kleszczów i Rotcze polożonych na Polesiu Lubelskim. Celem badall było okresienie składu chemicznego oruz stwierdzenie, czy występuje strefowe i sezonowe zróżnicowanie stężeJl wy-branych skł:ldników chemicznych w osadacll dennych tych jezior. Próby osadów dennych pobic1.lI1o w dwóch sezonach, wiosennym (maj) i jesiennym (pai..dziernik) 2000 roku L.e stanowisk zlokali. lO-wanych w strefie litoralu i śródjezierza poszczególn) ch jezior. Osad pohicrano l.1 pomocą aparntu nlrowcgo Kąjaka. Pięciokrotnie, z każdego punktu, pohicrano 20 cm warstwę osndu d('nnego. Powietrznie suchy osad mielono, a następnie homogenizownno. Ozn:lcz:lno za\-vartosc materii 0
1'-galliczn~j Uako straty po prażeniu przez 2 godziny \V 550°C), stężenie pierwi<lstków biogenn)'ch -azotu ogólnego metodą Kjeldahla i fosforu ogólnego metodą kolorymetryczną z molibdenianem amonu. makroelementów (Na. Cn, K. Mg) metodą spektrofotometrii absorpcji atomowej (ASA).
Wartość pH wyznnczono metodą elektrometryczną Zaobserwowano wzrost st.;żeń
makroelemen-tów, biogenów i materii organicznej oraz waJ10śri pll w osadzie dennym jeziora Kleszczów wok-resie jesiennym. w porównaniu z sezonem wiosennym. Nie stwierdzono tnkiej prawidlowości zróżnicowania składu chemicznego osadów dennych jezior Syczyilskic i Rotczc. Wyż.sze stężeni" poszczególnych pierwiJstków oraz niższe pH osadów dennyctl odn01o-wano IN srodjezierzll, co jest zgodne z wynikami b<ldal1 innych autorów.
