S U R V E Y OF PAPYRI 377
P . Graec. V i n d o b . 25674 ( V I c e n t . A.D.) is a lease in w h i c h t h e r e n t is m e a s u r e d o u t in p a r t s in crops; m o r e o v e r , t h e lessor is t o give d i f f e r e n t a d d i t i o n a l g i f t s .
J . G e r s t i n g e r , Zehn byzantinische Urkunden und Briefe aus der Sammlung "Papyrus Erzherzog Rainer" in Wien (Symbolae R. Taubenschlag dedicatae = Eos 48, 1 [1956] 197—216).
T h e a u t h o r p u b l i s h e s t e n d o c u m e n t s a n d l e t t e r s f r o m t h e " P a -p y r u s E r z h e r z o g R a i n e r " collection. P . Graec. V i n d o b . 25673 ( V I — V I I c e n t . A.D.) is t h e e n d of a p r o m i s s o r y n o t e or sale on delivery w i t h αλληλεγγύη- a n d πραξις-clause.
P . Graec. V i n d o b . 25664 ( V I c e n t . A.D.) is a sale on d e l i v e r y ; P . Graec. V i n d o b . 25663 (2nd half of t h e V I c e n t . A . D . ) is also a sale on d e l i v e r y m a d e b y a lessee who holds in p a r t n e r s h i p w i t h a n o t h e r person (έκ γεωργικού μου μέρους; cf. m y Law2 389 ff.). P . G r a e c . V i n d o b . 25204 (2nd half of t h e V I c e n t . A.D.) belongs ίϋ
t h e s a m e c a t e g o r y . P . V i n d o b . 31497 (A.D. 542) is a loan εις ίδιάν και άναγκαίαν χρεόαν (cf. m y Law2 349): t h e d e b t o r a c t s w i t h a su-r e t y μετ' έγγυητοϋ και αναδόχου; see on these t e su-r m s m y Law2 412!; 41517). P . Graec. V i n d o b . 26252 (553 A.D.) is a r e c e i p t on προχρεία
in a loc.-cond. operis (cf. m y Law2 3802 2: p a r t i a l p a y m e n t in a d v a n c e ) ;
t h e e m p l o y e r is t h e c h u r c h , a c t i n g b y its οικονόμος (on a g e n c y cf. m y Law2 307, 310—11, 312); n o t e w o r t h y is t h a t t h e w o r k e r agrees t o r e p a y t h e προχρεία in case of his failure t o p e r f o r m his d u t i e s (cf. m y Law2 379). T h e r e p a y m e n t should t a k e place άτοκεΐ; t h e e d i t o r explains t h i s b y t h e C h r i s t i a n φιλανθρωπία of t h e e m p l o y e r . P . Graec. V i n d o b . 26265 (2nd half of t h e V I c e n t . A.D.) is a l e t t e r of a l a n d o w n e r ( p a g a r c h ?) in t o w n t o his officials t o deliver, w i t h t h e m o s t possible speed, t h e r e v e n u e - c o r n t o t h e s t a t e - g r a n a r i e s t h a t t h e w r i t e r avoid p e n a l t i e s f o r d e l a y . T h e l a s t lines of t h e l e t t e r d e a l w i t h t h e u n l a w f u l b e h a v i o u r of t h e z y g o s t a t e (the m o n e y --weighing official) a t t h e a c c e p t a n c e of m o n e y - t a x e s a n d allude — as t h e editor p r e s u m e s — t o C.I. X I I I (559 A.D.) w h e r e u n l a w f u l p r a c t i c e s of these officials a r e r e p r i m a n d e d . P . G r a e c . V i n d o b . 31496 ( V I I c e n t . A.D.) is a l e t t e r w i t h o u t legal i m p o r t a n c e . P . Graec. V i n d o b . 28875 ( V I I c e n t . A.D.) is a l e t t e r of a h i g h e r cler-g y m a n t o a bishop w h o c a m e t o A r s i n o ë for a cure of his illness. P . Graec. V i n d o b . 28921 ( V I I c e n t . A.D.) is a receptům nautarum
378 R. TAUBENSCHLAG
(cf. my Law2 382) combined with the loc.-cond. operis (transport
of goods by land) with beasts of burden (donkeys).
A. E. R. B o a k and H. C. Y o u t i e , Flight and Opression in Fourth-Century Egypt (Studi in onore di A. Calderini e R. Paribeni, II
[1957] 825—337).
The two papyri published here are from the archive of Isidoros, a landholder of Karanis in the Fayûm in the late third and early fourth centuries of the Christian era. No. 1, letter of a praepositus pagi (A.D. 308/309) is addressed by Herakleides, praepositus of the 5th pagus of the Arsinoite nome, in which the village of Karanis was situated, to the praepositus of another pagus, doubtless in the same nome. Herakleides reminds his colleague of an imperial constitution which requires all strangers found to be residing in the villages, presumably without official permission, to be handed over to the fiscus, and establishes a reward of five folles for each person so surrendered. Since the village of Karanis has complained to Herakleides that some of its villagers are now in the pagus admi-nistered by his colleague, he requests the latter to compel the vil-lages subject to his authority to give up any fugitives who are shown to belong to Karanis. In conclusion, Herakleides offers to cooperate in carrying out the terms of the law by returning any fugitives from his colleague's pagus who may be found in his own.
Herakleides begins his letter by recalling the content of a stitution issued by "the Augusti, our lords and kings". The con-stitution must be assigned to the early part of the year 308/309. It is not preserved in the Codes of Theodosius or Justinian, but the principle which guided the Emperors in the formulation of this constitution was not new. A novel feature is the reward of five folles which was to be paid for each fugitive restored to the
juris-diction of the fiscus. No. 2, petition (A.D. 309/310), is addressed to a praepositus of the 5th pagus of the Arsinoite nome, Isidoros complains that Achillas, the secretary of Karanis, and his three associates Heron, Paësios, and Horion nominated him to the post of sitologos and thereby burdened him with responsibility for the unproductive lands of the village (τά άν άπόρω τυγχάνοντα ονόματα). And they are now trying to substitute him as chaff col-lector in place of Paësios, who had been properly nominated to
