508 JOURNAL OF JURISTIC PAPYROLOGY
С. P r é a u x , Sur les origines des monopoles Lagides (Chronique d'Egypte X X I X , No. 58 [1954] 311—320).
I n this article except other questions t h e a u t h o r states which were t h e models of monopolies in t h e s t a t e of t h e Ptolemies. She is right w h e n stressing t h a t their origin is to he seeked beyond E g y p t . I n t h i s connection she also refers to which t h e repercus-sions were of A t t a l o s ' letter ( D i t t e n b e r g e r , Syll.3 344) on t h e fiscal
affairs of E g y p t .
M. J u n g f l e i s c h — J . S c h w a r t z Jetons de faïence et moules à monnaies ptolémaïques (Annales du Serv. des Ant. de l'Egypte L I I I (1) p p . 209—219, Le Caire 1955).
B i g i n n i n g with t h e year 266 A.D. (the date f i x e d b y approxi-m a t e l y one year) a n d within t w e n t y years we f i n d a clause in t h e p a p y r i stipulating t h a t such a p a y m e n t will be m a d e " i n silver d r a c h m a e of the old Ptolemaic c u r r e n c y " (δραχμαί αργυρίου πα-λαιού Πτολεμαικοϋ νομίσματος). I t was b y chance t h a t such docu-m e n t s h a v e been preserved only f r o docu-m Herdocu-mopolis b u t it is q u i t e evident t h a t this re-appearance of t h e old currency (which practi-cally stopped to circulate b y t h e reign of Nero or t w o centuries before) was universal for t h e whole E g y p t .
C. P r é a u x , Aspect verbal et préverbe: Γ usage de απέχω dans les Ostraca (Chronique d'Egypte X X I X , No. 57 [1954] 139—146). The a u t h o r maintains t h a t t h e simultaneousness of the usage of άπέχω a n d εχω is actual in t h e Ptolemaic era as well as t h e usage of άπέχω a n d £σχον intricated during f i f t y years among some τε-λώναι θησαυρού ιερών is clearly d i f f e r e n t i a t e d according to t h e di-stinct circles — t h e farmers on one side and the πράκτορες άργυ-ρικών on t h e other who succeeded one a n o t h e r in our d o c u m e n t s .
C, P r é a u x , L'emploi des temps de διαγράφω dans les reçus de banque thébains du 1er siècle après J.C. (Chronique d'Egypte X X X No. 60
[1955] 375—381).
I n Thebais in the I cent. A.D. and u p to t h e year 107 t h e re-ceipts of t h e principal taxes (λαογραφία, χωματικόν, βαλανευτικόν) were issued b y t h e b a n k e r s . T h e y were d r a w n u p in f o r m of a p a y
