The Process of Creativity in the Light of the Research Based on the ‘Icedip’ Model in the Selected Organizations of Creative Industries

vv

THE PROCESS OF CREATIVITY IN THE LIGHT

2)7+(5(6($5&+%$6('217+(p,&(',3q

MODEL IN THE SELECTED ORGANIZATIONS

OF CREATIVE INDUSTRIES

0LHF]\VäDZ0RUDZVNL*_{, Barbara}9LROHWWD6]DäNR**

Abstract

&HUWDLQ DFWLYLWLHV GHQRPLQDWHG qWKH FUHDWLYH LQGXVWULHVq VWDUWHG WR EH WDNHQ LQWRFRQVLGHUDWLRQLQLQrWKH8.qV'HSDUWPHQWRI&XOWXUH0HGLDDQG 6SRUWUHOHDVHDERXWWKH&UHDWLYH,QGXVWULHV0DSSLQJ6WXG\s,WVKRZHGWKH size and impact of the cultural industries on the employment enrolment, and DFWLYLWLHVWKDWFUHDWHVHOHFWHGEXVLQHVVHVZLWKLQLQGXVWULHV7KLVSDSHULVJRLQJ to emphasize the role of human capital in developing businesses based on the FUHDWLYHLQGXVWULHVZRUNIRUFH7KHLVVXHVDUHKDUGWRFODVVLI\DQGGRFXPHQW VWDWLVWLFDOO\ 7KH UHVHDUFK PD\ JLYH UHVXOWV UHQGHULQJ XQGHUYDOXDWLRQ RU RYHUYDOXDWLRQWKDWPD\EHGDQJHURXVWRHFRQRP\LQVRPHDVSHFWV7KHDXWKRUV of this paper realize that they should seek solutions that would help young creative industries understand the importance of being responsible for their huge contribution to modern economics.

.H\ZRUGV the creative industries, the creative employee, creative thinking, WKHqLFHGLSqPRGHOWKHXVDELOLW\RIUHVRXUFHV 1. Introduction 7KHGHILQLWLRQRIFUHDWLYHLQGXVWULHVXVHGVLQFHWKHVRIWKHWZHQWLHWKFHQWXU\ FRPELQHVWKHFRQFHSWRIFUHDWLYLW\QDPHO\WKHFUHDWLRQRIFRQFHSWVLGHDVDQG VROXWLRQVZLWKWKHFRQFHSWRIHQWUHSUHQHXUVKLSRIEHLQJDEOHWRWUDQVIRUPLGHDV LQWRVXEVWDQWLDODFWLRQVWKDWGHOLYHUPHDVXUDEOHSURILWV&UHDWLYHLQGXVWULHVDUH WKRXJKWWREHWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWDUHDIRUWRGD\qVJOREDONQRZOHGJHEDVHG HFRQRP\&RPSDQLHVWKDWRSHUDWHLQWKHFUHDWLYHLQGXVWULHVVHFWRUDUHDPRQJ WKH PRVW LQQRYDWLYH EXVLQHVV DJHQWV 7KHVH VHFWRUV JHQHUDWH JURZWK DQG HPSOR\PHQWFRQWULEXWHWRWKHUHYLWDOL]DWLRQRIVSDFHIRVWHULQQRYDWLRQDQG

*  3K'$VVRFLDWH3URIHVVRU'HSDUWPHQWRI(FRQRPLFV:URFäDZ8QLYHUVLW\RI(FRQRPLFVDQG)DFXOW\RI(FRQRPLFV 0DQDJHPHQW DQG 7RXULVP 'HSDUWPHQW RI 6FLHQFH RI %XVLQHVV XO .RFKDQRZNVLHJR   -HOHQLD *ÑUD HPDLO PLHF]\VODZPRUDZVNL#XHZURFSO

** 3K'6WXGHQW'HSDUWPHQWRI(FRQRPLFV:URFäDZ8QLYHUVLW\RI(FRQRPLFVDQG)DFXOW\RI(FRQRPLFV0DQDJHPHQW DQG7RXULVP'HSDUWPHQWRI6FLHQFHRI%XVLQHVVXO.RFKDQRZNVLHJR-HOHQLD*ÑUDHPDLOV]DONREDUEDUD# JPDLOFRP

vv

LQFRPHJURZWK&UHDWLYHVHFWRUVFDQFRQWULEXWHWRWKDWLQFUHDVHRILQQRYDWLRQ LQRWKHUILHOGVRIHFRQRP\E\SURYLGLQJWKHPZLWKLGHDVIRUDQHZSURGXFW RU VHUYLFH RU GHOLYHULQJ DOUHDG\ ILQLVKHG SURMHFWV HJ WKH DFWLYLWLHV UHODWHG WR WKH GHVLJQ LQ WKH LQIRUPDWLRQ LQGXVWU\ 7KLV UHVXOWV LQ DPRQJ RWKHU WKLQJVWKDWFRPSDQLHVSURGXFLQJPRGHUQLQIRUPDWLRQWHFKQRORJ\IDFLOLWLHVRU HOHFWURQLFVHJPRELOHSKRQHVLQFUHDVLQJO\DGMXVWWKHPVHOYHVLQWKHVSKHUHV RIPDUNHWLQJVDOHVDQGDUHHYHQVWUDWHJLFWRWKHIDVKLRQLQGXVWU\FRPSDQLHV 7KHSURFHVVRIFUHDWLQJSURGXFWVLQWKHDUHDRILGHDVRISURGXFWVWKHLUGHVLJQ PRGHOOLQJDQGLPSOHPHQWDWLRQGHSHQGRQWKHLPSDFWRIPDQ\IDFWRUVODUJHO\ RIV\PEROLFVHPDQWLFFRPPXQLFDWLRQDOQDWXUHDQGPRUHEURDGO\DUHFXOWXUH DQG VRFLDO OLIH UHODWHG 7KH QHHG WR VHQVH WKH IOHHWLQJ DQG FKDQJLQJ WDVWHV SUHIHUHQFHVDQGFXVWRPHUVqVHQWLPHQWLVLQWULQVLFLQWKHQDWXUHRIWKHVHVHFWRUV +LJK VHQVLWLYLW\ WR FXVWRPHUVq QHHGV JRHV KDQG LQ KDQG ZLWK WKH DFWLRQV RI FRPSHWLWRUV ZKLFK FDQ EH XQSUHGLFWDEOH 7KH SUREOHPV SUHVHQW LQ WKH PDQDJHPHQWRIWKHFRPSDQ\PXVWEHUHVROYHGE\DQWLFLSDWLQJIXWXUHWUHQGVDQG GHVLJQLQJDGHTXDWHPHWKRGVRIRUJDQL]DWLRQSURGXFWLRQRUPDQDJHPHQW7KH FRUHRIWKHFUHDWLYHLQGXVWULHVZKHUHWKHFUHDWLYHYDOXHVWKDWVKRFNLQWULJXH DPXVHDQGSURYLGHVHQVDWLRQVFRPHLQWREHLQJDUHKLJKO\JLIWHGSHRSOH:KDW LVPRUHWKH\DUHHQGRZHGZLWKLQJHQXLW\DQGFRPSHWHQFHWKDWHQDEOHVWKH FUHDWLRQ RI QRYHO FRQFHSWV LQWURGXFHG LQ WHFKQRORJLHV DQG SURGXFWV 7KHVH SHRSOHDUHFRPSXWHUVSHFLDOLVWVIDVKLRQGHVLJQHUVDUFKLWHFWVWKHDWHUDUWLVWV DQGILOPPDNHUVPXVLFLDQVDQGRWKHUUHSUHVHQWDWLYHVRIFUHDWLYHSURIHVVLRQV DQGIXQFWLRQV7KHLUDFWLYLWLHVDUHEDVHGRQFUHDWLYLW\

7KHRULJLQRIFUHDWLYHLQGXVWULHVSHUIRUPDQFH

7KH KHJHPRQLF WHUP RI FUHDWLYLW\ KDV HVWDEOLVKHG LWVHOI LQ WKH SDVW GHFDGH DFURVV LQWHUQDWLRQDO JRYHUQPHQWVq SROLF\ LGHDV 7KH\ WU\ WR VKDSH ZRUNLQJ SUDFWLFHVE\SURPRWLQJDQGUHOHDVLQJFUHDWLYLW\ LQQRYDWLRQ

,Q WRGD\qV KLJKO\ FRPSHWLWLYH JOREDO SHUVSHFWLYH RI HFRQRP\ WKH WZR IRUHJRLQJ FRQFHSWV RI PDQDJLQJ WKH RUJDQL]DWLRQ PD\ KDYH VWURQJ LPSDFW RQ LWV JURZWK DQG GHYHORSPHQW ,W LV QRZ D FRPPRQ WUHQG WR WKLQN RI WKH FUHDWLYHHFRQRP\DVSLYRWDOWRWKHZLGHUHFRQRP\DQGWKLVYLHZLVFHUWDLQO\ QRWOLPLWHGWRSROLF\PDNHUV&XQQLQJKDP0DQ\SURSRQHQWVRIWKH FUHDWLYHHFRQRP\XSKROGDGLVFRXUVHRIFUHDWLYLW\ZKLFKSROLF\PDNHUVVWDUWHG WRWUHDWTXLWHVHULRXVO\DQGSURPRWHLWDVDQHOHPHQWDU\IDFWRURIFRPSHWLWLRQ 7KH/DERXU3DUW\LQWKH8.HYHQVWDUWHGFRQVLGHULQJcultural industries to be a central instrument of economic & urban regeneration0F*XLJDQ,Q DVIDUDVWKHWHUPcreative industriesLVFRQFHUQHG7KH&UHDWLYH,QGXVWULHV 0DSSLQJ'RFXPHQWGHILQHGWKHPDVpthose activities which have their origin in individual creativity, skill and talent and which have a potential for wealth

vv

and job creation through the generation and exploitation of intellectual propertyq'&06&UHDWLYH,QGXVWULHV7DVN)RUFH ,QJHQHUDOWKHWHUPLQFOXGHVWKHVHNH\VHFWRUV v DGYHUWLVLQJ v DUFKLWHFWXUH v WKHDUW DQWLTXHVPDUNHW v FUDIWV v GHVLJQ v GHVLJQHUIDVKLRQ v ILOP v LQWHUDFWLYHOHLVXUHVRIWZDUH v PXVLF v WKHSHUIRUPLQJDUWV v SXEOLVKLQJ v VRIWZDUH v WHOHYLVLRQ UDGLR

$OO VHFWRUV PHQWLRQHG DERYH UHTXLUH D VROLG EDVH RI NQRZOHGJH VRPH FUHDWH FDSDELOLWLHV WR EXLOG JUHDWHU FRPSHWLWLYHQHVV WKH QDWXUDO DELOLW\ LI VKDSLQJWKHFOLPDWHFRQGXFLYHWRHQFRXUDJHWKHFUHDWLYLW\RIWKHRUJDQL]DWLRQqV KXPDQ FDSLWDO ,W LV EHOLHYHG WKDW WKH creative sectors VKRZ D FRPPLWPHQW WR FUHDWLYLW\ DV D IXQGDPHQWDO DWWULEXWH WKDW UHTXLUHV WKH QDWLRQ WR XQGHUJR ZLGHVSUHDGFXOWXUDOFKDQJHDFURVVWKHILHOGVRISURGXFWLRQDQGFRQVXPSWLRQ &R[  WKHUHIRUH SXEOLF DFWLRQ LV QHHGHG VXFK DV QHZ SURJUDPPHV LQFHQWLYHVIRU5 'WKHIRUPDWLRQRIVSHFLDOLVWVDQGWKHXVHRISURFXUHPHQW DQGQHWZRUNLQJ&R[

)URP QRZ RQ DQ LGHD RI an enterprise economy PD\ EH WDNHQ XQGHU FRQVLGHUDWLRQDQGFUHDWLYLW\LVGHILQLWHO\RQHRIWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWIHDWXUHV RIEXVLQHVVVXFFHVV7KHDERYHPHQWLRQHGcultural shapeLQEXVLQHVVKLJKO\ FRUUHVSRQGV WR QHZ PRGHUQEDVHG WKLQNLQJ RI HGXFDWLRQ DV WKH PDLQ DUHD RIJHQHUDWLQJFUHDWLYLW\LQWKHKXPDQFDSLWDOHQWUHSUHQHXUVKLSDSSURDFK,WLV REYLRXVWKDWDOORULJLQDOLGHDVVWDUWHGLQWKHSURFHVVRIGLYHUJHQWWKLQNLQJDUH YDOXHGDQGVHHPWREHWKHPDLQIDFWRURIVKDSLQJFUHDWLYLW\DVDIXQGDPHQWDO IHDWXUHRIcreative industryRUJDQL]DWLRQV $VIDUDVWKHWHUPcreativityLVFRQFHUQHGLWLVLPSRUWDQWWRDQDO\]HVXFK DWWULEXWHVRIDQRUJDQL]DWLRQDV v WKHDELOLW\WRJHQHUDWHQHZLGHDVRUEHWWHUZD\VRIGRLQJWKLQJVRU VROYLQJSUREOHPV

v JHQHUDWLQJ DFWLRQV ZKLFK PD\ KHOS WKH RUJDQL]DWLRQqV VWUDWHJ\ EHFRPHXQSUHGLFWDEOHWKHUHIRUHJDLQLQJDFRPSHWLWLYHDGYDQWDJH v FDSDELOLW\ RI WKLQNLQJ XS QHZ VROXWLRQV WR EXVLQHVV DQG FXVWRPHU

SUREOHPV

vv v WKDWUHTXLUHVRULJLQDOLW\DQGQHZQHVVVRPHWKLQJIUHVKWRWKHLGHDWKDW UHTXLUHVRULJLQDOLW\DQGQHZQHVV7KHUHPXVWEHVRPHWKLQJIUHVKWR WKHLGHD0LVKUD 6LQJK ,QWKH\HDUFUHDWLYHHPSOR\PHQWDFFRXQWHGIRURI8.MREV KDVJURZQVWURQJO\DQGZKDWLVPRUHDYHUDJHFUHDWLYHLQFRPHVDUHKLJKHU WKDQLQWKHHFRQRP\DVDZKROH1HVWDUHVHDUFKSURYHVWKDWWKHUHDUHPRUH FUHDWLYHSHRSOHZRUNLQJRXWVLGHWKHFUHDWLYHLQGXVWULHVWKDQLQVLGHWKHP:H VKRXOG EH DZDUH RI WKH QHHG WR EHWWHU XQGHUVWDQG WKH SURFHVV RI LQYROYLQJ FUHDWLYHZRUNHUVLQVSLOOLQJNQRZOHGJHDQGQHZLGHDVHDUOLHULQLWLDWHGLQWKH FUHDWLYHLQGXVWULHV7KHSURFHVVPD\KDYHVWURQJLPSOLFDWLRQVIRUWKHSROLF\ RILQQRYDWLRQLQRUJDQL]DWLRQVHYHQUHSODFLQJIRUPHUVFLHQWLILFUHVHDUFKDQG QHZWHFKQRORJLHV

7R PDNH WKH IRUHJRLQJ IDFWV PRUH VSHFLILF ZH PD\ HYHQ DFFHSW WKDW DOOFDVHVRIFUHDWLYLW\DUHFRQQHFWHGZLWKWKHUHDOQHHGIRUFUHDWLYHWKLQNLQJ VWLPXODWHGE\DZRUNHUqVHPRWLRQDOLQWHOOLJHQFH7KHHPRWLRQDOLQYROYHPHQW ERRVWVWKHHIIHFWLYHQHVVRIRXUEUDLQLQWKLQNLQJXSQHZVROXWLRQVRISUREOHPV FUHDWLYLW\ KDV EHHQ VHHQ DV FRQWULEXWLQJ RULJLQDO LGHDV GLIIHUHQW SRLQWV RI YLHZDQGQHZZD\VRIORRNLQJDWSUREOHPV&URSOH\7KHUHDUHPDQ\ FUHDWLYLW\DFKLHYHPHQWVZHNQRZIURP\HDUV v SDWHQWV LQYHQWLRQV v SXEOLFO\SURGXFHGSOD\V v SXEOLFO\SHUIRUPHGFRPSRVLWLRQV v DUWZRUNV v IRXQGLQJEXVLQHVVHVMRXUQDOVSURIHVVLRQDORUJDQL]DWLRQV

v GHYHORSLQJ LQQRYDWLYH WHFKQLTXHV LQ PHGLFLQH VXUJHU\ VFLHQFH EXVLQHVVWHDFKLQJDQGVRRQ

,QUHFHQW\HDUVWKHZRUNRI5LFKDUG)ORULGDKDVDSSHDUHGDQGLVUHDOO\ LPSRUWDQWLQFXOWXUDOSROLF\,WKDVWKHGLVFXVVLRQRQWKHULVHRIWKHFUHDWLYH FODVV +LV LGHD RI 7 7HFKQRORJ\ 7DOHQW 7ROHUDQFH LV WKH UHDO EDVLV IRU LQQRYDWLYHHFRQRP\'XHWRVRPHV\QHUJ\RIWKHWKUHHVWUHQJWKVDNLQGRI FUHDWLYHHQYLURQPHQWLVFUHDWHGDQGIRUWKDWUHDVRQWKHFUHDWLYHVJDWKHUDQG FRRSHUDWHLQLWFKDQJLQJDOODVSHFWVRIWRGD\qVHFRQRP\)ORULGD

%HWKDWDVLWPD\ZHDOOVKRXOGWDNHLQWRFRQVLGHUDWLRQWKHULVHRIWKH QHZFODVVRIZRUNHUVZKRJHQHUDWHQHZSRLQWVRIYLHZDUHDEOHWRIDQWDVL]H FRPELQH LQWHJUDWH LGHDV VHHN RXW WKH XQXVXDO YLVXDOL]H SUREOHPV HQJDJH SRVVLELOLWLHV H[SORUH  LQWURGXFH LQQRYDWLYH WKLQNLQJ DV D JUHDW DGYDQWDJH IRU WKH RUJDQL]DWLRQ 7KLV DUWLFOH SXWV JUHDW HPSKDVLV RQ WKH QHHG RI PRUH UHVHDUFK DQG DUJXHV WKH FDVH IRU JUHDWHU DWWHQWLRQ WR WKH FKDUDFWHULVWLFV RI SLYRWDOZRUNHUVLQWKHFUHDWLYHLQGXVWULHVLQFRPSDULVRQZLWKZRUNLQJFODVV DVDZKROH

vv

The axis of the key management practices Information knowledge BODY OF PROFESIONALS Comprehensive communication creativity innovation HIGH COMPETENCY ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES

FORMS OF TEAM WORK

)LJXUH 7KHPRGHORIWKHD[LVRIWKHNH\PDQDJHPHQWSUDFWLFHVRIWKHFUH DWLYHLQGXVWULHV

6RXUFH0RUDZVNL

7KHPRGHORIWKHD[LVRIWKHNH\PDQDJHPHQWSUDFWLFHVRIWKHFUHDWLYH LQGXVWULHVE\0RUDZVNLVWD\VIRUDWULDORIJLYLQJDNLQGRIDKLQWIRU PDQDJHUV ZKR ZDQW WR WDNH DGYDQWDJH RI WKH ZRUNHUVq VNLOOV DQG IHDWXUHV RIFKDUDFWHU,WPD\DOVRJLYHWKHGLUHFWLRQWRWKHRUJDQL]DWLRQVHHNLQJVXFK ZRUNHUVDQGWU\LQJWRJDLQRUJDQL]DWLRQqVFRPSHWLWLYHDGYDQWDJH

$VLWZDVHVWLPDWHGLQ7+(81&7$'UHSRUWRQFUHDWLYHHFRQRP\ FUHDWLYHHFRQRP\LQJOREDOWUDGHWKHDPRXQWRIFUHDWLYHJRRGVDQG VHUYLFHVJUHZDQQXDOO\E\DQDYHUDJH1HZELJLQ:KDWLVPRUH WKH FUHDWLYH LQGXVWULHV HPSOR\ D UHPDUNDEO\ KLJK SHUFHQWDJH RI XQLYHUVLW\ JUDGXDWHV)RUPDOSHUIRUPDQFHVWXG\RIWKHFUHDWLYHLQGXVWULHV*UHDW%ULWDLQ VKRZVWKDWSHUFHQWRIWKHHPSOR\HHVKDYHDXQLYHUVLW\GHJUHHZKLOH WKLVILJXUHLVRQO\VL[WHHQSHUFHQWRIDOOKLJKHUHGXFDWLRQJUDGXDWHVHPSOR\HG LQLQGXVWU\6RPHEUDQFKHVHPSOR\HYHQPRUHKLJKVFKRROJUDGXDWHVHJWKH PHGLDu1HZELJLQS

7KH OLIH F\FOH RI PDQ\ VPDOO FUHDWLYH FRPSDQLHV GLIIHUV IURP WKH WUDGLWLRQDO EXVLQHVV OLIH F\FOH 7KH WHQ\HDU  %ULWLVK VWXG\ REVHUYDWLRQHVWLPDWHGWKDWRIWKHJURZWKWKDWWKHFRPSDQLHVH[SHULHQFHG ZDV D FRQWULEXWLRQ RI WKH VWDUWXSV LQ WKHLU ILUVW \HDUV RI PDQDJLQJ WKH SDUWLFXODUEXVLQHVVDQGWKDWRQHuWKLUGRIWKHQHZHQWHUSULVHVGLGQRWPDQDJH

vv

WRUHPDLQLQWKHPDUNHWIRUPRUHWKDQWKUHH\HDUV1HZELJLQSS ,Q3ROLVKFUHDWLYHLQGXVWULHVXVHGWRHPSOR\WKRXVDQGSHRSOH /HZDQGRZVNLHWDOSDQGWKHFRPSDQLHVDUHPDLQO\ORFDWHGLQWKH FHQWUDOVRXWKHUQDQGHDVWHUQSDUWVRIWKHFRXQWU\3ROLVKFUHDWLYHLQGXVWULHVq SDUWLFLSDWLRQ LQ (XURSHqV LQGXVWU\ JHQHUDOO\ VWDQGV DW  LQ  LQ FRPSDULVRQZLWKQHDUO\LQWKH(XURSHDQ8QLRQ+RZHYHUWKHHPSOR\PHQW LQWKHFUHDWLYHLQGXVWULHVJUHZDOPRVWWZLFHDVIDVWE\FRPSDUHGWRWKH DYHUDJHHPSOR\PHQWJURZWKZKLFKLVLQWXUQDERXWIRUWKHFRXQWULHVRI WKH(XURSHDQ8QLRQLQWKH\HDUV6]XOWND,Q3RODQGDVLQ WKH(XURSHDQFRXQWULHVWKHLVVXHLVFRQQHFWHGPDLQO\ZLWKVPDOODQGPHGLXP HQWHUSULVHVZKLFKDUHXVXDOO\VWDUWHGGXHWRWKHLQLWLDWLYHDQGYHQWXUHHIIRUWV RIWKHKLJKO\HGXFDWHG\RXQJJLIWHGSHRSOHZKRZDQWWRPDNHDQDWWHPSW WRFRPPHUFLDOL]HWKHLUSDVVLRQVDQGLQWHUHVWV7KHQXPEHURI3ROLVKFUHDWLYH LQGXVWULHVXQLWVDPRXQWHGWRLQ$VLWLVVKRZHGLQ)LJXUHWKH\ DUHPDLQO\ORFDWHGLQWKHFHQWUDOVRXWKHUQDQGHDVWHUQSDUWVRIWKHFRXQWU\ )LJXUH7KHFRQFHQWUDWLRQRIFUHDWLYHLQGXVWULHVLQ3RODQGLQ 6RXUFH6]XOWNDS 7KHDERYHPDSVKRZVWKHORFDWLRQRIVXFKFUHDWLYHLQGXVWULHVLQ3RODQG LQDV v DGYHUWLVLQJ v DUFKLWHFWXUHGHVLJQDUW

vv v PXVHXPVFXOWXUDOLQVWLWXWLRQV v SXEOLVKLQJDQGSULQWLQJKRXVHV v UDGLRDQGWHOHYLVLRQ v VDOHDQGGLVWULEXWLRQRIPXVLFERRNVPRYLHVDQGJDPHV v SURJUDPPLQJDQGJDPHV 7KHDXWKRUVRIWKHSDSHUSUHVHQWVRPHPRUHGDWDIRUIXUWKHUDQDO\VLVRIWKH FUHDWLYHLQGXVWULHVLQ3RODQGLQ7DEOH7KHSHUFHQWDJHRIJURZWKRIFUHDWLYH JRRGVH[SRUWYDOXHLVLQFRPSDUHGWRWKHUDQNLQJSODFHLQDQG LWLVHYHQPRUHVSHFWDFXODUWKDQLQ*HUPDQ\RUWKH86$ Table 1.&UHDWLYHJRRGVH[SRUWHUVuWKHZRUOG 7KH([SRUWHU Market share

2008 ([SRUWYDOXH P 5DQNLQJ *URZWK  &KLQD   1   86$      *HUPDQ\   6 _  +RQJ.RQJ   2 _  ,WDO\  27792    8.  19898 7   3RODQG  5250 _{ } 6RXUFH&UHDWLYH(FRQRP\5HSRUW81&7$' 7KHUHVHDUFKRXWFRPHVDQGFRQFOXVLRQV

7KH SXUSRVH RI WKH UHVHDUFK ZDV WR VHH KRZ SHRSOH WU\ WR DFFRPSOLVK WKH FUHDWLYHDFWDQGWRPDNHWKHPDQDJHUDZDUHRIWKHSURFHVVDQGVWDUWWKLQNLQJ RISODQQLQJZRUNIRUWKHFUHDWLYHHPSOR\HH7KHDIWHUUHVHDUFKFRQFOXVLRQV VKRXOG KHOS EXLOG PRGHOV LQ WKH ZRUOG RI RUJDQL]DWLRQV ZKLFK PD\ KHOS PDQDJHWKHPLQWKHVWFHQWXU\JOREDOL]HGZRUOG&UHDWLYHWKLQNLQJLVDZD\ RI ORRNLQJ DW SUREOHPV RU VLWXDWLRQV IURP D IUHVK SHUVSHFWLYH WKDW VXJJHVWV XQRUWKRGR[ VROXWLRQV %XVLQHVV'LFWLRQDU\FRP DQG WKDW LV ZK\ LW PD\ EH WKH ILUVW VWHS IRU WKH VWUDWHJ\ RI LQQRYDWLRQ LQ D PRGHUQ RUJDQL]DWLRQ 2XU VWDUWLQJSRLQWZDVWKHRULJLQDO*HRIIUH\3HWW\SDSHUDQGZHXVHGWKH TXHVWLRQQDLUHEDVHGRQWKH,&(',302'(/RIWKHFUHDWLYHSURFHVV7KHILUVW OHWWHUVRIWKHVL[SKDVHVRIWKHFUHDWLYHSURFHVVLQDSRWHQWLDOFUHDWLYHHPSOR\HHqV PLQGFDQVSHOOpLFHGLSqVRWKLVPRGHORIWKHFUHDWLYHSURFHVVLVFDOOHGpLFHGLSq PRGHO7KHUHDUHVL[SKDVHVLQWKHPRGHOLQVSLUDWLRQHYDOXDWLRQFODULILFDWLRQ GLVWLOODWLRQLQFXEDWLRQDQGSHUVSLUDWLRQ,WLVTXLWHREYLRXVWKDWZHVKRXOGEH DEOHWRXVHDOORIWKHpLFHGLSqSKDVHVLQWKHFUHDWLYHSURFHVVZLWKHTXDOHDVHDQG

vv

FKRRVHWKHPGHSHQGLQJRQFLUFXPVWDQFHV%XWLWLVQRWVRDQGVRPHSKDVHV DUHQRWJLYHQGXHHPSKDVLVLQRXUHYHU\GD\SHUIRUPDQFH3HRSOHKRZHYHU DUH DEOH WR FKDQJH WKHLU ZD\ RI ZRUN XQGHU VRPH IRUP RI LQFLWHPHQW 7KH DXWKRUVRIWKLVZRUNDLPHGDWKHOSLQJPDQDJHUVFUHDWHWKHHPSOR\HHIRUWKHLU QHHGVFRPSOLDQWWRDQRUJDQL]DWLRQqVPLVVLRQDQGVWUDWHJ\7KHDXWKRUVKDYH FRQGXFWHGDQXPEHURIOLWHUDWXUHVWXGLHVLQuWKDWDGGUHVVHGWKH VLJQLILFDQWUROHRIFUHDWLYLW\LQWKHVWUDWHJ\RIEXVLQHVV%HDULQJLQPLQGWKDW PRUHDQGPRUHIHDWXUHVRIDPRGHUQRUJDQL]DWLRQGHSHQGRQFUHDWLYLW\RIWKH ZRUNHUVZHDVNHGRZQHUVRIVPDOORUJDQL]DWLRQVRIFUHDWLYHLQGXVWULHVWRILOO WKHpLFHGLSqTXHVWLRQQDLUHVDIWHUDQLQWHUYLHZFRQQHFWHGZLWKWKHUHVSRQGHQWVq EXVLQHVVHVLQ0D\7KH\ZHUHWKHSHRSOHZKRVWDUWHGWKHLUEXVLQHVVHV WZR RU PRUH \HDUV DJR QRZ DW WKH DJH RI   PHQ DQG ZRPHQ DOO RI WKHPRZQHUVRIVPDOOFUHDWLYHRUJDQL]DWLRQVRI/RZHU6LOHVLD9RLYRGHVKLS 7KH RUJDQL]DWLRQV ZHUH QHZ GHVLJQ EXUHDX EUDLG MHZHOHU\ GDQFH VWXGLR the sound of a gongFRQFHUWEXUHDXLQWHULRUDQGIXUQLWXUHGHVLJQSXEOLVKLQJ RIILFHKDQGLFUDIWDQGGHFRXSDJHOLQJHULHGHVLJQDGYHUWLVLQJPDNHXSVWXGLR DUFKLWHFWRIILFHVLONJDUPHQWVGHVLJQHUPRGHODJHQF\DQGIDVKLRQGHVLJQHU $OORIWKHUHVSRQGHQWVKHOGDXQLYHUVLW\GHJUHH

7KHDXWKRUVRIWKHVWXG\WRRNLQWRFRQVLGHUDWLRQVL[SKDVHVRIWKHFUHDWLYH SURFHVVRIeSUREOHPVROYLQJGHVLJQLQYHQWLRQDUWLVWLFH[SUHVVLRQRURWKHU FUHDWLYH ZRUNs XVLQJ WKH TXHVWLRQQDLUH EDVHG RQ WKH LFHGLS PRGHO RI WKH FUHDWLYHSURFHVVRI*HRIIUH\3HWW\7KHUHVHDUFKRXWFRPHVJLYHQEHORZ SUHVHQWWKHRSSRUWXQLW\WRFRPSDUHVRPHIHDWXUHVRIFUHDWLYLW\LQWKHFUHDWLYH RUJDQL]DWLRQVDQGWKHLULQIOXHQFHRQUHDFKLQJWKHRUJDQL]DWLRQqVREMHFWLYHV Table 2. 7KH UHVHDUFK UHVXOWV RQ WKH SULPDU\ LPSDFW RI WKH SKDVHV RI LQGL YLGXDOFUHDWLYLW\RQDFKLHYLQJWKHRUJDQL]DWLRQqVREMHFWLYHV

Phases of the individual creativity

3HUFHQWDJHRIFRPSDQLHVUHJDUGLQJWKH SULPDU\LPSDFWRIWKHSKDVHRILQGLYLGXDO FUHDWLYLW\RQDFKLHYLQJWKHRUJDQL]DWLRQqV objectives ,QVSLUDWLRQ  &ODULILFDWLRQ  (YDOXDWLRQ  'LVWLOODWLRQ  ,QFXEDWLRQ  3HUVSLUDWLRQ  7DEOHVKRZVWKHLPSDFWRIWKHSKDVHVRILQGLYLGXDOFUHDWLYLW\RQUHDOL]LQJ WKHVWUDWHJ\DQGJURZWKRIFUHDWLYHRUJDQL]DWLRQVLQ/RZHU6LOHVLD3RODQGLQ  7KH JUHDWHVW LQIOXHQFH RQ DFKLHYLQJ WKH RUJDQL]DWLRQqV REMHFWLYHV DUH

vv

LQVSLUDWLRQ  RI HPSLULFDO HYLGHQFH DQG SHUVSLUDWLRQ HJ FUHDWLYH HIIRUW  RI HPSLULFDO HYLGHQFH 7KH PDUJLQDO LQIOXHQFH LV VKRZHG LQ FDVH RI GLVWLOODWLRQHJWKHH[WUDFWLRQRIWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWDVSHFWVRIWKHFUHDWLYHZRUN Table 3.7KHUHVHDUFKUHVXOWVRQWKHGHJUHHRIXVHRIWKHSKDVHVRILQGLYLGXDO FUHDWLYLW\RQDFKLHYLQJWKHRUJDQL]DWLRQqVREMHFWLYHV

Phases of individual creativity

$YHUDJHHVWLPDWLRQRIWKHOHYHORIXVLQJWKH SKDVHRILQGLYLGXDOFUHDWLYLW\RQDFKLHYLQJ WKHRUJDQL]DWLRQqVREMHFWLYHV ,QVSLUDWLRQ  &ODULILFDWLRQ  (YDOXDWLRQ  'LVWLOODWLRQ  ,QFXEDWLRQ  3HUVSLUDWLRQ 

7DEOH  VKRZV WKH LQIOXHQFH RI WKH OHYHO RI XVLQJ WKH LFHGLS SKDVHV RI FUHDWLYLW\RIWKHLQGLYLGXDOZRUNHUZKLOHSXUVXLQJWKHVWUDWHJ\DQGJURZWKRI FUHDWLYH RUJDQL]DWLRQV LQ /RZHU 6LOHVLD 3RODQG  7KH PRVW LPSRUWDQW SKDVHVRIFUHDWLYLW\SRWHQWLDODFFRUGLQJWRWKHUHVHDUFKUHVXOWVDUHLQVSLUDWLRQ LQFXEDWLRQDQGSHUVSLUDWLRQ(YDOXDWLRQDQGFODULILFDWLRQDUHFORVHWRWKHPDQG GLVWLOODWLRQLVDJDLQOHVVLPSRUWDQW7KHIROORZLQJWDEOHVKRZVWKHUHVXOWVRI WKHDXWKRUVqWULDORIGHILQLQJWKHXVDELOLW\*RVSRGDUHN$FFRUGLQJWR *RVSRGDUHNWKHXVDELOLW\RIVRPHUHVRXUFHPD\EHGHVFULEHGDVWKH SURGXFWRILWVZHLJKWDQGWKHOHYHORIXVLQJLWVSRWHQWLDO Table 4.7HVWUHVXOWVRIGHILQLQJXVDELOLW\RIWKHSKDVHVRILQGLYLGXDOFUHDWLYLW\ RQDFKLHYLQJWKHRUJDQL]DWLRQqVREMHFWLYHV

Phases of individual creativity (VWLPDWLRQRIXVDELOLW\

,QVSLUDWLRQ  &ODULILFDWLRQ  (YDOXDWLRQ  'LVWLOODWLRQ  ,QFXEDWLRQ  3HUVSLUDWLRQ  7DEOHUHVXOWVKLJKOLJKWWKHXVDELOLW\RILQVSLUDWLRQDQGSHUVSLUDWLRQVRPH HIIRUWVRIWKHLQGLYLGXDOLQDFUHDWLYHSURFHVV7KHXVDELOLW\RIGLVWLOODWLRQLV WKHOHDVWUHOHYDQWLQWKHFUHDWLYHSURFHVVHVLQVLGHWKHVXUYH\HGRUJDQL]DWLRQV

vv

,PSOLFDWLRQVDQGVXJJHVWLRQV

3URYLGLQJDZD\E\ZKLFKWKHFUHDWLYLW\RIWKHRUJDQL]DWLRQPLJKWEHDVVHVVHG LVQRWDVLPSOHSUREOHP7KHDSSHUFHSWLRQRIWKHQHHGIRUFUHDWLYHWKLQNLQJ LQ WKH FUHDWLYH HQYLURQPHQW LV DQ LPSRUWDQW RQH 5HVHDUFK LQWR IRUHJRLQJ LVVXHV KDV EHHQ FRQVLGHUDEO\ DVVLVWHG LQ UHFHQW \HDUV E\ WKH DYDLODELOLW\ RI FRPSXWHUL]HG GDWDEDVHV DQG PDQ\ PRGHOV RI VXSSRUWLQJ FUHDWLYLW\ RQ WKH ZKROHZHUHFUHDWHG)LJXUH CreativeÊ Climate IdeaÊ Time RiskÊ taking Challenge Freedom IdeaÊ support Conficts Debates Playfulness/ humour Trust/ openness Dynamism/ liveliness )LJXUH(NYDOOqV0RGHORI&UHDWLYH&OLPDWH 6RXUFH(NYDOO

7KH DXWKRUV RI WKLV DUWLFOH DIWHU GUDZLQJ WKH FRQFOXVLRQV IURP WKH UHVHDUFKVWXG\UHVXOWVZKHUHLQVSLUDWLRQIRUEHLQJFUHDWLYHKDVKDGWKHKLJKHVW YDOXHIRUUHVSRQGHQWVVXJJHVWDGGLQJWZRPRUHIHDWXUHVWR(NYDOOqV0RGHORI &UHDWLYH&OLPDWHQDPHO\DWWLWXGHWRZRUNDQGWKHZRUNDWPRVSKHUHZKLFK PD\VWURQJO\LQIOXHQFHWKHDWWLWXGHRIWKHZRUNHUVWRZRUNLQJHIIHFWV

$QRWKHU LQWHUHVWLQJ PRGHO PD\ EH IRXQG LQ $PDELOHqV 0RWLYDWLQJ &UHDWLYLW\LQ2UJDQLVDWLRQV$PDELOHZKLFKWULHVWRSUHFLVHO\VSHFLI\ )LJXUH

v WKHSHUVSHFWLYHRIWKHLQGLYLGXDO v WKHSHUVSHFWLYHRIWKHWHDP

vv Creativity Expertise TaskÊ motivation CreativityÊ Skills Innovation Resources ManagementÊ practices OrganizationalÊ motivation CreativityÊfeedsÊinnovationÊ ImpactsÊ IndividualÊ/ÊTeamÊCreativityÊ WorkÊEnvironmentÊ )LJXUH$PDELOHqVFRPSRQHQWLDOWKHRU\RIRUJDQL]DWLRQDOFUHDWLYLW\ 6RXUFH0RXOWULH <RXQJ

7KH WZR IRUHJRLQJ PRGHOV $PDELOHqV  DQG (NYDOOqV  PD\ HDVLO\HQDEOHWKHVWUHQJWKVDQGZHDNQHVVHVRILQGLYLGXDORUJDQL]DWLRQVWREH LGHQWLILHG 0RXOWULH <RXQJ  7R SURGXFH D FUHDWLYH SHUIRUPDQFH LQ RUJDQL]DWLRQVHYHQIDFWRUVVKRXOGRFFXU v SODWIRUPRIXQGHUVWDQGLQJ v VKDUHGYLVLRQ v FOLPDWH v UHVLOLHQFH v LGHDRZQHUV v QHWZRUNDFWLYDWRUV v OHDUQLQJIURPH[SHULHQFH

2EYLRXVO\ WKH IDFWRUV PD\ WXUQ LQWR EDUULHUV ZKLFK DQ RUJDQL]DWLRQ PXVWVWUXJJOHWRRYHUFRPHLQRUGHUWREHFUHDWLYHRUEXLOGFUHDWLYHWHDPVRI FUHDWLYHZRUNHUV3ROLVKRUJDQL]DWLRQVVKRXOGFUHDWHVXFKSRWHQWLDOWKDWFRXOG VWUHQJWKHQWKHDELOLW\WRGHDOZLWKXELTXLWRXVFKDQJH:KDWLVJXDUDQWHHGLQ WKHVWFHQWXU\LVH[SRQHQWLDOUDWHRIFKDQJHWKDWZLOODIIHFWWKHZRUOG5\DQ 2SHQHQGHGWKLQNLQJDQGXQGHUVWDQGLQJRUDFFHSWLQJQHZLGHDVPDNHV XVPRUHFDSDEOHRIPDQDJLQJWKHFKDQJH:KDWFDQJRYHUQPHQWVLQGXVWULHV RUPDQDJHUVGRWRVXVWDLQJURZWKDQGZHOIDUH"7KHDXWKRUVqRIWKHSDSHUSXW IRUZDUGVXJJHVWLRQV

 7KH JURZWK VWUDWHJLHV RI WKH ZRUOGqV JRYHUQPHQWV DQG LQGXVWULHV VKRXOGDLPDWERRVWLQJWKHFUHDWLYHH[SRUWVE\

vv

 &UHDWLYH ,QGXVWULHV PD\ VXSHUYLVH WUHQGV RU WKHLU LQIOXHQFH RQ HFRQRP\EHFDXVHRIWKHXQLTXHFRPELQDWLRQRIVWUHQJWKVLQPHGLD FXOWXUHDQGHGXFDWLRQ  +DYLQJDQHDV\DFFHVVWRFDSLWDODQGLQIRUPDWLRQ&UHDWLYH,QGXVWULHV PD\XVHWKHPWRJDLQLQIOXHQFHRQWKHZKROHHFRQRP\  +DYLQJ&UHDWLYH,QGXVWULHVJRYHUQPHQWVDUHOLNHO\WREHFRQVLGHUHG JOREDOEHFDXVHWKH\DUHRSHQWRRXWVLGHLQIOXHQFHVDQGWKH\ZLOOLQJO\ FRRSHUDWH  7KHUHLVWKHQHHGWRFRQVLGHUeWD[UHOLHIVZKLFKDOORZLQGXVWULHVWR DFFHVVDUHEDWHRIXSWRRITXDOLI\LQJH[SHQGLWXUHLQWKHILOP KLJKHQGWHOHYLVLRQDQGDQLPDWLRQVHFWRUV  )XQGVDOORFDWHGWRWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIWKHZRUNIRUFHKHOSHQFRXUDJH VRPHQHZLGHDVRILQGLYLGXDOVDQGLQGXVWU\WHDPV

 *RYHUQPHQWV VKRXOG FRQVLGHU GHYHORSLQJ GHGLFDWHG &UHDWLYH ,QGXVWULHVGHYHORSPHQWFRXUVHVDQGLQGXVWU\XQLYHUVLW\FROODERUDWLRQ WKURXJKSUHSDULQJ\RXQJWDOHQWHGVWXGHQWVIRUFDUHHUVLQWKHFUHDWLYH LQGXVWULHV

 3URGXFWLYLW\ JURZWK VKRXOG FRPH PDLQO\ IURP LQQRYDWLRQ ZKLFK FKDOOHQJHVFRQYHQWLRQDOWKLQNLQJDQGVKRZVSURIHVVLRQDODSSURDFK WRWKHQRYHO

 6WDUWXSFOXVWHUVDQGFUHDWLYHVWDUWXSIXQGVVKRXOGFRPHLQWREHLQJ 7KH LGHD FRPHV IURP WKH 8QLWHG .LQJGRP DQG RWKHU FUHDWLYH GULYHQFRXQWULHV7KHVWDWLVWLFDOUHSRUWV'&0681&7$'SURYLGH DQ RSSRUWXQLW\ WR FRQVLGHU FRS\LQJ WKH SROLF\ RI VXSSRUWLQJ WKH FUHDWLYHqV

5. Conclusion

&UHDWLYLW\ OLNH DQ\ RWKHU PHQWDO HIIRUW UHTXLUHV LQWHOOHFWXDO HQJDJHPHQW UHIOHFWLRQFRQFHQWUDWLRQFUHDWLYHSDVVLRQDQGSHUVRQDOLQWHUHVW$WWKHVDPH WLPHLWLVWKHSURFHVVRIFURVVLQJVRPHGHVLJQDWHGERUGHUVTXHVWLRQLQJDQG RYHUWKURZLQJDFFHSWHGDQGXQLYHUVDOO\DSSOLFDEOHSULQFLSOHVRUUXOHVGHILQLQJ SUREOHPVDQGWKHUHDOLW\LQGLIIHUHQWZD\V7KLVPHDQVDYLRODWLRQRIFHUWDLQ WDERRV EUHDNLQJ WKH VWHUHRW\SHV UHSXGLDWLRQ RI DOOHJLDQFH WR VRPH WKHVHV DSSOLHG LQ ZLGHVSUHDG DZDUHQHVV 7KH RXWFRPHV RI FUHDWLYH ZRUN DUH ERWK WDQJLEOHDQGLQWDQJLEOHWRDODUJHH[WHQWXQLTXHDQGZLWKRXWSDVWH[SHULHQFH 6XFK XQGHUVWDQGLQJ RI FUHDWLYLW\ UHTXLUHV D QXPEHU RI FRQGLWLRQV WR EH IXOILOOHG7KH\DUHSUHVHQWHGLQYDULRXVVKDSHVRIPRGHOVDVLWZDVPHQWLRQHG EHIRUH,QWKHOLJKWRIWKHUHVXOWVRIUHVHDUFKFRQGXFWHGE\WKHDXWKRUVRIWKH VWXG\LWVHHPVDSSURSULDWHWRUHFRPPHQGWKHIROORZLQJIDFWRUVIRUFUHDWLQJ HIIHFWLYH FUHDWLYH ZRUN HQYLURQPHQW DOO IHDWXUHV WKDW PD\ KDYH LPSDFW RQ JHQHUDWLQJLGHDVWKHDWWLWXGHWRULVNWDNLQJIUHHGRPRIWKLQNLQJWKHOHYHO RI VXSSRUW PDQDJLQJ FRQIOLFW FRPPXQLFDWLRQ VKDULQJ LGHDV DWWLWXGH WR

vv UHDFKLQJVDWLVIDFWLRQRURSHQPLQGHGQHVV:KDWLVUHDOO\LPSRUWDQWLVWKDWWKH UROHRIDOHDGHULQDQRUJDQL]DWLRQFDQQRWEHXQGHUHVWLPDWHG,QGLYLGXDORUWHDP FUHDWLYLW\GHSHQGVKLJKO\RQFUHDWLYHFOLPDWHLQDQRUJDQL]DWLRQ&RRSHUDWLRQ DQGFRPSUHKHQVLYHFRPPXQLFDWLRQIRUPDODQGLQIRUPDOUHODWLRQVKLSVPXOWL GLPHQVLRQDOHQJDJHPHQWGHDOLQJZLWKHPRWLRQVDQGLQWHOOHFWDUHWKHIHDWXUHV WKDW VWDQG IRU WKH FUHDWLYH FOLPDWH TXDOLW\ 7KH IDFWRUV PHQWLRQHG DERYH PD\EHUHVSRQVLEOHIRUWKHUHVXOWVLQGLIIHUHQWSKDVHVRIWKHpLFHGLSqPRGHO DV VRPH H[WHUQDO IDFWRUV LQIOXHQFLQJ HPSOR\HHqV FUHDWLYLW\ EXW WKLV RSLQLRQ UHTXLUHVIXUWKHUVWXG\7KHDWWLWXGHRIWKHOHDGHUWRPDQDJLQJFUHDWLYHSHRSOH LQ DQ RUJDQL]DWLRQ LV FXUUHQWO\ WKH PRVW LPSRUWDQW IDFWRU IRU UHDFKLQJ WKH RUJDQL]DWLRQqVREMHFWLYHV 7KHFUHDWLYLW\SKDVHVDQGWKHLUXVDELOLW\IRUPDQDJLQJFRPSDQLHVUHVHDUFK UHVXOWVDUHQRVXUSULVH*HQHUDOO\PRVWRIWKHVXUYH\HGZRUNHUVZHUHDZDUHRI WKHLPSRUWDQFHRILQVSLUDWLRQLQFXEDWLRQRUSHUVSLUDWLRQSKDVHVLQWKHLURZQ FUHDWLYLW\SURFHVV7KHDXWKRUVFRQFOXGHWKDWWKHLQVSLUDWLRQSKDVHPD\EHWKH PRVWLPSRUWDQWRQHLQDFUHDWLYHRUJDQL]DWLRQqVOLIHF\FOH:KDWLVPRUHLW LVUHDOO\WKHPRVWGLIILFXOWDVSHFWRIFUHDWLYLW\LWVVWDUWLQJSRLQWDQGWKHFRUH 7KHUHLVWKHKXJHLQIOXHQFHRIWKHUHVHDUFKRXWFRPHVNQRZOHGJHRQPDQDJLQJ WKHSURGXFWLYLW\RIWKHFUHDWLYHZRUNHULQ&UHDWLYH,QGXVWULHV,WFRXOGEHUHDOO\ XVHIXOIRUWKHUHFUXLWPHQWSURFHVVLQDQRUJDQL]DWLRQWRHYDOXDWHDSRWHQWLDO HPSOR\HHE\KDYLQJKLPFRPSOHWHWKHqLFHGLSqTXHVWLRQQDLUHDQGVXPPLQJ XSSRLQWVRIWKHVL[FUHDWLYHSKDVHVWKDWPD\KHOSXQGHUVWDQGKLVVWUHQJWKV DQGZHDNQHVVHVLQFUHDWLYHWKLQNLQJDQGZRUNLQJ'HDOLQJZLWKFKDQJHWKDW DIIHFWVRUJDQL]DWLRQVqVWUDWHJLHVRIWKHVWFHQWXU\LWPD\EHFUXFLDOWRWDNH WKHDXWKRUVqUHVHDUFKUHVXOWVLQWRGHHSFRQVLGHUDWLRQ References

$PDELOH 7  2UJDQL]DWLRQDO FOLPDWH IRU FUHDWLYLW\ DQG LQQRYDWLRQ European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology5.

&R[*&R[5HYLHZRI&UHDWLYLW\LQ%XVLQHVVEXLOGLQJRQWKH8.qV VWUHQJWKV/RQGRQ+062

&URSOH\$-&UHDWLYLW\DQGFRJQLWLRQSURGXFWLYHHIIHFWLYHQRYHOW\ Roeper Rewiev21

&XQQLQJKDP 6  :KDW SULFH D FUHDWLYH HFRQRP\ 5HWULHYHG IURP KWWSJXWHGXDX

'&06  &UHDWLYH ,QGXVWULHV 0DSSLQJ 'RFXPHQW /RQGRQ &UHDWLYH ,QGXVWULHV7DVN)RUFH

(NYDOO *  2UJDQL]DWLRQDO FOLPDWH IRU FUHDWLYLW\ DQG LQQRYDWLRQ European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology12

vv

)ORULGD57KHULVHRIWKHFUHDWLYHFODVV:K\FLWLHVZLWKRXWJX\VDQG URFN EDQGV DUH ORVLQJ WKH HFRQRPLF GHYHORSPHQW UDFH 5HWULHYHG IURP KWWSZZZZDVKLQJWRQPRQWKO\FRPIHDWXUHVIORULGDKWPO *RVSRGDUHN 7  0RGHORZDQLH Z QDXNDFK R ]DU]ñG]DQLX RSDUWH QD

PHWRG]LH SURJUDPÑZ EDGDZF]\FK L IRUPDOL]PLH UHSUH]HQWDW\ZQ\P :URFäDZ:\GDZQLFWZR8QLZHUV\WHWX(NRQRPLF]QHJRZH:URFäDZLX 0F*XLJDQ -  1DWLRQDO JRYHUQPHQW DQG WKH FXOWXUDO SXEOLF VSKHUH

Media International Australia87

 0LVKUD /. 6LQJK $3  &UHDWLYH %HKDYLRXU TXHVWLRQQDLUH $VVHVVLQJWKHDELOLW\RIPDQDJHUVWRSURGXFHFUHDWLYHLGHDVJournal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology1

0RUDZVNL03URFHV\LQQRZDF\MQHZSU]HP\VäDFKNUHDW\ZQ\FK,Q ,QQRZDF\MQH L MDNRĈFLRZH DVSHNW\ Z ]DU]ñG]DQLH RSHUDF\MQ\P SS $0/LV*=LHOLþVNLHGV*GDþVNL:\G3ROLWHFKQLNL*GDþVNLHM 0RXOWULH-<RXQJ$Exploratory Study of Organizational Creativity

in Creative Organizations%ODFNZHOO3XEOLVKLQJ

1HZELJLQ -  Creative Economy and Cultural Industries /RQGRQ :DUVDZ%ULWLVK&RXQFLO

3HWW\*How to be better at creativity".RJDQ3DJH 5\DQ77KLQNHUV.H\V4XHHQVODQG 6]XOWND6&OXVWHUVLQFUHDWLYHLQGXVWULHVuPDLQIDFWRUVLQFLWLHVDQG UHJLRQVGHYHORSPHQW:DUVDZ3$53 Interenet sources KWWSZZZFXOWXUHJRYXNFUHDWLYHPDSSLQJKWPO ZZZEXVLQHVVGLFWLRQDU\FRPGHILQLWLRQFUHDWLYHWKLQNLQJKWPO KWWSZZZFXOWXUHJRYXNFUHDWLYHPDSSLQJKWPO