ɗɉɂɌȺɎɂə ȼɅȺȾɂɆɂɊɍ ȼɕɋɈɐɄɈɆɍ əɐȿɄȺ ɄȺɑɆȺɊɋɄɈȽɈ ɄȺɄ ɂɇɌȿɊɌȿɄɋɌ
THE ANALYSIS OF THE POEM EPITAPH FOR VLADIMIR VYSOTSKY OF JACEK KACZMARSKI AS INTERTEXT
ȻȺɊɌɈɒ Ɉɋȿȼɂɑ
ABSTRACT. This article is devoted to the analysis of the poem Epitafium dla Włodzimierza Wysockiego (Epitaph for Vladimir Vysotsky) of Jacek Kaczmarski. In this poem the Polish bard conducts an intertextual dialogue with outstanding Russian poet and singer Vladimir Vysotsky. Bartosz Osiewicz, Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, PoznaĔ – Polska.
ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɬɟɤɫɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧ-ɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ, ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧ-ɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɰɟɥɶɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧ-ɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɫɤɪɵ-ɬɵɯ ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜ ɱɚɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɩɨɫɬɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɦɚ1, ɤɨɬɨ-ɪɵɟ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɵ ɤɚɤ „ɩɚɥɢɦɩɫɟɫɬ” ɢɥɢ „ɦɨɡɚɢɤɚ ɰɢɬɚɰɢɣ”. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɬɟɤɫɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɚɹ ɘɥɢɟɣ Ʉɪɢɫɬɟɜɨɣ, ɛɚɡɢɪɨ-ɜɚɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɪɭɞɚɯ Ɇɢɯɚɢɥɚ Ȼɚɯɬɢɧɚ, ɤɚɫɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ „ɱɭɠɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ” ɢ „ɞɢɚɥɨ-ɝɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ”2, ɧɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɬɢɩɨɦ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ, ɚ ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɥɢɬɟ-ɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ. Ʉ ɢɯ ɱɢɫɥɭ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɠɚɧɪɚ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɩɟɫɧɢ, ɫɭɬɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɫɢɧɤɪɟɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ, ɜ ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɢ ɤ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɭ ɤɚɤ ɤ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɭ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɨɫɨɛɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɷɬɚ--ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɪɚ əɰɟɤɚ Ʉɚɱɦɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ (1957–2004). Ɉɧ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥ ɢɡ-ɜɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɟ 70-ɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ ɩɪɨɲɟɞɲɟɝɨ ɫɬɨɥɟɬɢɹ, ɤɚɤ ɬɚɥɚɧɬɥɢ-ɜɵɣ ɚɜɬɨɪ ɩɟɫɟɧ-ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɚɩɟɜɚɥ ɩɨɞ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɝɢɬɚɪɧɵɣ ɚɤɤɨɦɩɚɧɟɦɟɧɬ. ɒɢɪɨɤɢɣ ɫɩɟɤɬɪ ɬɟɦ, ɡɚɬɪɚɝɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɛɚɪɞɨɦ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɩɟɫɟɧ-ɧɨɦ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɟ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɨɥɸɛɢɜɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɜɨ ɦɧɨ-________________ 1ɋɦ. ɧɚɩɪ.: Ɉ.ȼ. Ȼ ɨ ɝ ɞ ɚ ɧ ɨ ɜ ɚ, ɉɨɫɬɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɦ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɭɫ-ɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ (60–90-ɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɏɏ ɜɟɤɚ – ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɏɏI ɜɟɤɚ), ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ 2004, ɫ. 225–297; ȼ.ɉ. Ɋ ɭ ɞ ɧ ɟ ɜ, ɗɧɰɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɏɏ ɜɟɤɚ. Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɢ ɬɟɤɫɬɵ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 2003, ɫ. 155.
2ɋɦ.: W. R a p a k, Bachtinowskie korzenie intertekstualnoĞci, [ɜ:] IntertekstualnoĞü i
ɝɨɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɥɢ ɫɤɢɬɚɥɶɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɭɞɶɛɭ ɦɨɥɨɞɨɝɨ ɩɨɷɬɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ, ɭɟɯɚɜ ɫ ɤɨɧ-ɰɟɪɬɚɦɢ ɜɨ Ɏɪɚɧɰɢɸ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɟ 1981 ɝɨɞɚ, ɨɫɬɚɥɫɹ ɜ ɷɦɢɝɪɚɰɢɢ, ɭɡɧɚɜ ɨ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɉɨɥɶɲɟ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɥɨɦ ȼɨɣɰɟɯɨɦ əɪɭɡɟɥɶɫɤɢɦ ɜɨɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨ-ɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ 13 ɞɟɤɚɛɪɹ 1981 ɝɨɞɚ. ȼ 80-ɟ ɝɨɞɵ, ɩɨɛɵɜɚɜ ɡɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟɣ, Ʉɚɱɦɚɪɫɤɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɥ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɩɨɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɛɟɠɟɧɰɟɜ, ɫɨɱɢɧɹɥ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɩɟɫɧɢ, ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɥ ɫ ɤɨɧɰɟɪɬɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɹɤɨɜ-ɷɦɢɝɪɚɧɬɨɜ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɨɩɵ, ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɥ ɭɲɟɞɲɢɣ ɜ ɩɨɞɩɨɥɶɟ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɣ ɫɚɦɨ-ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɩɪɨɮɫɨɸɡ „ɋɨɥɢɞɚɪɧɨɫɬɶ”, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɥ ɧɚ ɪɚɞɢɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɋɜɨɛɨɞ-ɧɚɹ ȿɜɪɨɩɚ. Ɇɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɥɹɤɨɜ Ʉɚɱɦɚɪɫɤɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɟɬ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɤɚɤ ɛɚɪɞ ɋɨɥɢɞɚɪɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɪɢɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɤ ɛɨɪɶ-ɛɟ ɡɚ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɢ, ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ, ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɢɣ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɬɨɬɚɥɢɬɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɢɥɢɹ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɤɪɚɫɤɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨ-ɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ Ʉɚɱɦɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɬɟɫɧɹɬɶ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɧɟɨɛɵɱɚɣɧɨ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɢɫɤɭɫ-ɫɬɜɚ, ɬɚɤɢɟ, ɤɚɤ: ɠɢɜɨɩɢɫɶ3, ɦɭɡɵɤɚ, ɬɟɚɬɪ, ɤɢɧɨɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨ4, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚ ɥɢɬɟɪɚ-ɬɭɪɧɨɟ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɢɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ. Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɟɝɨ ɩɟɫɧɢ-ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ-ɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɬɟɤɫɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɹɬ ɡɚ ɪɚɦɤɢ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ. ɋɪɟɞɢ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɛɚɪɞɚ ɩɪɢɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɟɬ Epitafium dla Włodzimierza Wysockiego (ɗɩɢɬɚɮɢɹ ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪɭ ȼɵɫɨɰɤɨɦɭ), ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɚɹ ɧɟɡɚɞɨɥɝɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɟɠɞɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɪ-ɬɢ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ Ɉɯɨɬɵ ɧɚ ɜɨɥɤɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɞɚɧɶ ɩɚɦɹɫɦɟɪ-ɬɢ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɯ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɷɬɨɜ-ɩɟɜɰɨɜ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ ɩɪɨɲɟɞɲɟɝɨ ɫɬɨɥɟɬɢɹ. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɧɭɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɷɬ-ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶ ɫ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜ 1973 ɝɨɞɭ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɭɫɥɵɲɚɥ ɩɟɫɧɢ ȼɵɫɨɰɤɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɧɟɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɤɨɧ-ɰɟɪɬɟ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɤɬɟɪɚ-ɩɟɜɰɚ ɜ ɜɚɪɲɚɜɫɤɨɣ ɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɟ ɜɵɞɚɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɩɨɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɫɫɟɪɚ ȿɠɢ Ƚɨɮɮɦɚɧɚ, ɨɤɚɡɚɥɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɵɦ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ „ɜɵɫɨɰɤɢɯ” ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ, ɫɢɥɵ ɟɝɨ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ, ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢ-ɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɦɚɧɟɪɵ5. ɇɟɬ ɫɨɦɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ Ʉɚɱɦɚɪɫɤɢ, ɛɭɞɭɱɢ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɳɢɦ ɩɨɷɬɨɦ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɥ ɫɜɨɢ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɢɫɤɢ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɜɟɪɲɢɧ ɩɨɷɡɢɢ ȼɵɫɨɰɤɨɝɨ. ɂ ɯɨɬɹ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɢ ɫɨ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ ɢɦ. Ⱥɞɚɦɚ Ɇɢɰɤɟɜɢɱɚ ɜ ɉɨɡɧɚɧɢ 26 ɦɚɹ 2001 ɝɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɢɡ ɡɚɥɚ, ɤɚɤɢɦ ɢɡ ɪɨɫɫɢɣ-ɫɤɢɯ ɛɚɪɞɨɜ – Ƚɚɥɢɱɟɦ ɢɥɢ ȼɵɫɨɰɤɢɦ – ɨɧ ɞɨɪɨɠɢɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɩɨɷɬ ɩɪɟɞ-________________ 3 əɰɟɤ Ʉɚɱɦɚɪɫɤɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɨɤɨɥɨ 50 ɩɟɫɟɧ-ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɣ, ɜɞɨɯɧɨɜɥɟɧ-ɧɵɯ ɲɟɞɟɜɪɚɦɢ ɩɨɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɠɢɜɨɩɢɫɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɚ ɩɨɷɬɚ ɫ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɢɟɦ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɨɜ ɤɢɫɬɢ. Ɉɛ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɦ. ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɟɟ: K. G a j d a, Jacek Kaczmarski w Ğwiecie tekstów, PoznaĔ 2003, ɫ. 111– 149.
4 Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɹɪɱɚɣɲɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɜ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɚ Ʉɚɱɦɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɫ ɤɢɧɨɢɫɤɭɫ-ɫɬɜɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɟɝɨ ɩɟɫɧɹ Rublow, ɫɫɵɥɚɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɧɚ ɡɧɚɦɟɧɢɬɭɸ ɤɢɧɨɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ Ⱥɧɞɪɟɹ Ɍɚɪɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɞ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɦ Ⱥɧɞɪɟɣ Ɋɭɛɥɟɜ.
5
ɋɦ.: A. C i e s i e l s k i, Wołodia mieszkał i Ğpiewał w moim warszawskim domu.
ɩɨɱɟɥ ɫɬɚɪɲɟɝɨ ɩɨɷɬɚ-ɞɪɚɦɚɬɭɪɝɚ, ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɹ ɚɤɬɟɪɚ Ɍɚɝɚɧɤɢ ɫɜɨ-ɢɦ ɸɧɨɲɟɫɤɫɜɨ-ɢɦ ɭɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɧɰɚ 70-ɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ6, ɬɨ ɩɨɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɢɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ ɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɨ ɜ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ Ʉɚɱɦɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɟɢɡɝɥɚɞɢɦɵɣ ɨɬɩɟɱɚɬɨɤ. Ɉɧ ɩɨɞɪɚɠɚɥ ɚɤɬɟɪɭ-ɩɟɜɰɭ, ɢɫɩɨɥɧɹɹ ɟɝɨ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ-ɩɨɥɶ-ɫɤɢ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɵ ɫɬɚɪɲɟɝɨ ɛɚɪɞɚ, ɪɚɡɜɢ-ɜɚɥ ɧɚɱɚɬɵɟ ɢɦ ɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɢɞɟɢ, ɡɚɢɦɫɬɜɨɪɚɡɜɢ-ɜɚɥ ɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɵɟ ɫɸɠɟɬɧɵɟ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɟɝɨ ɛɚɥɥɚɞ, ɱɟɪɩɚɥ ɭ ɧɟɝɨ ɜɞɨɯɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɩɟɫɟɧ, ɜɟɥ ɫ ɧɢɦ ɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɣ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɞɢɚɥɨɝ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɭɹ ɷɬɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɟ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɨɛɨɣɬɢ ɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɟɦ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɷɬɚ, ɤɚɤ: Ze sceny; Nie
lu-biĊ; Linoskoczek ɢ ɢɯ ɩɟɪɜɨɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɜ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɤɬɟɪɚ-ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢ-ɬɟɥɹ: ɉɟɜɟɰ ɭ ɦɢɤɪɨɮɨɧɚ; ə ɧɟ ɥɸɛɥɸ; ɇɚɬɹɧɭɬɵɣ ɤɚɧɚɬ; ɩɟɫɧɸ Czołg, ɹɜ-ɥɹɸɳɭɸɫɹ ɪɟɦɢɧɢɫɰɟɧɰɢɟɣ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɨɤ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ Ⱦɨɪɨɝɢ... ɞɨɪɨɝɢ..., ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɸɬɫɹ ȼɵɫɨɰɤɢɦ ɬɪɚɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɭɞɶɛɵ ȼɚɪɲɚɜ-ɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɢɹ 1944 ɝɨɞɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɲɢɣ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ Ɉɯɨɬɵ ɧɚ ɜɨɥ-ɤɨɜ ɲɟɞɟɜɪ ɩɨɷɡɢɢ ɸɧɨɝɨ Ʉɚɱɦɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɞ ɡɚɝɥɚɜɢɟɦ Obława. ɗɩɢɬɚɮɢɹ ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪɭ ȼɵɫɨɰɤɨɦɭ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɜ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɞɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ Ʉɚɱ-ɦɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ. ɇɟɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨ ɚɜɬɨɪ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɹɥ ɟɟ ɜɨ ɜɪɟ-ɦɹ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɣ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɸɸ, ɡɚɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɟɫɧɸ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɥɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ ɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɳɚɧɢɹ, ɤɚɤ ɫɨ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɦ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɨɦ ɢ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɦ. ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɭɸ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɭɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶ, ɩɨɫɥɟ ɞɥɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɪɬɚ ɩɨɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɛɚɪɞ ɩɟɥ ɷɩɢɬɚɮɢɸ ɧɚ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ, ɤɚɤ ɛɵɥ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɩɟɫɧɢ ɥɢɲɶ ɟɞɢɧ-ɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɷɬ-ɩɟɜɟɰ – ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪ ȼɵɫɨɰɤɢɣ7. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɢ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɧɭɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɗɩɢɬɚɮɢɹ ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪɭ ȼɵɫɨɰɤɨɦɭ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɬɟɤɫɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ, ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɫɮɨɤɭ-ɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɨɬɫɵɥɤɢ ɤ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɠɚɧɪɚɦ ɢ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɦ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɹɦ, ɯɭɞɨ-ɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɬɟɤɫɬɚɦ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ, ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɜɢɞɚɦ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ. ɉɨɷɬ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɫɨɡɧɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬ ɫɜɨɣ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɤɚɤ ɢɧɬɟɪɬɟɤɫɬ, ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜ-ɥɟɧɨ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɧɨɝɨɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɬɟɤɫɬɚɦɢ. ɗɬɨɬ ɮɚɤɬ ɭɠɟ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɡɚɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ. Tɚɤ, ɡɚɝɥɚɜɢɟ ɫɬɢɯɨ-ɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ Ʉɚɱɦɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɩɟɫɧɟ ɢ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɝɢɬɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɚɤɤɨɦɩɚɧɟɦɟɧɬɚ, ɨɬɫɵɥɚɟɬ ɤ ɩɚɧɟ-ɝɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɠɚɧɪɭ ɷɩɢɬɚɮɢɢ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɲɟɦɭ ɜ Ⱥɮɢɧɚɯ ɜ V ɜɟɤɟ ɞɨ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɷɪɵ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɝɪɟɤɨ-ɩɟɪɫɢɞɫɤɢɯ ɜɨɣɧ ɢ ɫɥɚɜɹɳɟɦɭ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ ɨ ɩɨɝɢɛɲɢɯ ɜɨɢɧɚɯ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɟɦɭɫɹ ɦɚɥɵɦ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɦ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɠɚɬɨɫɬɶɸ8. ɋ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨ-ɧɵ, ɨɧɨ ɜɛɢɪɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɢɟ ȼɵɫɨɰɤɨɝɨ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɭ Ʉɚɱɦɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɬɟɤɫɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɢ-________________
6ɋɦ.: Wywiady. Spotkanie (Jacka Kaczmarskiego – B. O.) ze studentami UAM (maj 2001), [ɜ:] K. G a j d a, Jacek Kaczmarski…, ɭɤɚɡ. ɫɨɱ., ɫ. 333.
7 K. G a j d a, To moja droga. Biografia Jacka Kaczmarskiego, Wrocław 2009, ɫ. 129. 8ɋɦ.: J. S ł a w i Ĕ s k i, Epitafium, [ɜ:] Słownik terminów literackich, pod red. J. Sła-wiĔskiego, Wrocław 2000, ɫ. 137.
ɱɟɤ, ɚɥɥɸɡɢɣ, ɫɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɰɢɬɚɬ ɢ ɪɟɦɢɧɢɫɰɟɧɰɢɣ. ɂɯ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɛɚɪɞɚ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟ-ɱɢɬ ɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɠɚɧɪɨɜɨɦɭ ɬɨɥɤɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚ ɜ ɫɢɥɭ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɫɥɨɠ-ɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɦɫɥɨɠ-ɧɨɫɬɢ9. Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɟɦɭ ɷɩɢɬɚɮɢɹ ɩɨɷɬɚ-ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɪɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɦ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɧɨɜɭɸ ɬɤɚɧɶ, ɫɨ-ɬɤɚɧɧɭɸ ɢɡ ɭɠɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ, ɚ ɟɟ ɫɦɵɫɥ ɮɨɪɦɢ-ɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɞɟɲɢɮɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɫɵɥɨɤ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɵ. ɗɩɢɬɚɮɢɹ Ʉɚɱɦɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɚ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ȼɵɫɨɰɤɨɝɨ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɯɭɞɨ-ɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɛɚɪɞɚ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɡ ɦɱɚɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɜɫɚɞ-ɧɢɤɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɛɥɢɡɨɤ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɭ ɩɨɷɬɭ-ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɸ. ɗɬɨɬ ɮɚɤɬ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɬɟɤɫɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɬɫɵɥɨɤ ɤ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɜɟɪɲɢɧ ɩɨɷɡɢɢ ȼɵɫɨɰɤɨɝɨ – ɛɚɥɥɚɞɟ Ʉɨɧɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɪɟɞɥɢɜɵɟ, ɜɵɪɚɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɬɪɚɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɦɢɪɨɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɟ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɛɚɪɞɚ:
To moja droga z piekła do piekła W dół na złamanie karku gnam! Nikt mnie nie trzyma, nikt nie prze-Ğwietla
Nie zrywa mostów, nie stawia bram!
ȼɞɨɥɶ ɨɛɪɵɜɚ, ɩɨ-ɧɚɞ ɩɪɨɩɚɫɬɶɸ, ɩɨ ɫɚɦɨ-ɦɭ ɩɨ ɤɪɚɸ ə ɤɨɧɟɣ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɧɚɝɚɣɤɨɸ ɫɬɟɝɚɸ, ɩɨɝɨɧɹɸ... ɑɬɨ-ɬɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɭ ɦɧɟ ɦɚɥɨ – ɜɟɬɟɪ ɩɶɸ, ɬɭɦɚɧ ɝɥɨɬɚɸ, – ɑɭɸ ɫ ɝɢɛɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɜɨɫɬɨɪɝɨɦ: ɩɪɨɩɚɞɚɸ, ɩɪɨɩɚɞɚɸ! Po grani! Po grani!
Nad przepaĞcią bez łaĔcuchów, bez wa-hania! [...]
Po grani! Po grani! Po grani! Tu mi drogi nie zastąpią pokonani! Tylko łapią mnie za nogi,
Krzyczą – nie idĨ! Krzyczą – staĔ! [...] To moja droga z piekła do piekła W przepaĞü na łeb na szyjĊ skok! [...] [...] Wokół postaci bladych tłok KoĔ mnie nad nimi unosi z lekka I w drugi krąg kieruje krok!10
[...] ɏɨɬɶ ɦɝɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ ɟɳɟ ɩɨɫɬɨɸ ɧɚ ɤɪɚɸ...11 ________________ 9 ȼ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɚɥɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɷɩɢɬɚɮɢɢ ɤɚɤ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɝɥɚɜ-ɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɝɥɚɜ-ɧɵɯ ɟɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ. ɋɦ.: J. S ł a w i Ĕ s k i, Epitafium..., ɭɤɚɡ. ɫɨɱ., ɫ. 137; Ɇ.Ʌ. Ƚ ɚ ɫ ɩ ɚ ɪ ɨ ɜ, ɗɩɢɬɚɮɢɹ, [ɜ:] Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɷɧɰɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɢɹ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣ, ɝɥ. ɪɟɞ. ɢ ɫɨɫɬ. Ⱥ.ɇ. ɇɢɤɨɥɸɤɢɧ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 2003, ɫ. 1235. 10 ȼ.ɋ. ȼ ɵ ɫ ɨ ɰ ɤ ɢ ɣ, ɋɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɞɜɭɯ ɬɨɦɚɯ, ɬ. 1, ȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɛɭɪɝ 1997, ɫ. 299–300. ȼɫɟ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɟ ɰɢɬɚɬɵ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɸ ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɫɤɨɛɤɚɯ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ ɬɨɦɚ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ.
11 J. K a c z m a r s k i, Epitafium dla Włodzimierza Wysockiego. ɐɢɬ. ɩɨ: http://www. kaczmarski.art.pl/tworczosc/wiersze_alfabetycznie/kaczmarskiego/e/epitafium_wysocki.php
Ʌɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠ ȼɵɫɨɰɤɨɝɨ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɣ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɧɚɱɚɥɨɦ, ɫɨɡɧɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɭɟɬ ɧɚ ɫɬɵɤɟ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɢ ɫɦɟɪɬɢ. Ɉɧ, ɩɨɧɢɦɚɹ ɧɟɢɡɛɟɠ-ɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɧɰɚ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɧɟɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɭɸ ɥɸɛɨɜɶ ɤ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɢ ɩɵɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɚɫɬɢ ɫɟɛɹ ɫɢɥɨɣ ɩɨɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɭ-ɟɬ ɟɦɭ ɛɟɫɫɦɟɪɬɢɟ: [...] Ʉɨɥɶ ɞɨɠɢɬɶ ɧɟ ɭɫɩɟɥ, ɬɚɤ ɯɨɬɹ ɛɵ – ɞɨɩɟɬɶ! [...] ɹ ɤɭɩɥɟɬ ɞɨɩɨɸ (1, 300). Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ Ʉɚɱɦɚɪɫɤɢ, ɡɚɢɦɫɬɜɭɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɛɚɥɥɚɞɵ ɚɤɬɟɪɚ-ɩɟɜɰɚ (ɨɛɪɚɡ ɜɫɚɞɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɭɬɟɲɟɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɨ ɤɪɚɸ ɩɪɨɩɚɫɬɢ), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɹ ɫɭɬɶ ɟɟ ɢɞɟɣɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ (ɠɢɜɢɬɟɥɶ-ɧɚɹ ɫɢɥɚ ɩɨɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ), ɜ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɬɪɚɝɢɜɚɟɬ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɤɪɟɞɨ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ȼɵɫɨɰɤɨɝɨ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɣ, ɨɛɪɚɳɚɹ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ, ɡɚɹɜɢɥ: ɉɟɫɧɹ, ɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɠɢɬɶ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɞɨɥɝɨ. ȿɫɥɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɯɨɪɨɲɢɣ, ɨɧ ɜ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɛɟɫɩɨɤɨɢɬɫɹ, ɧɟɪɜɧɢɱɚɟɬ, ɫɬɪɚɞɚɟɬ ɡɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ, ɧɨ ɢ ɩɨɦɢɪɚɟɬ, ɤɨ-ɧɟɱɧɨ, ɪɚɧɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɩɥɨɯɨɣ. ɉɟɫɧɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɨɞɥɢɬɶ ɠɢɡɧɶ12. ɒɢɪɨɤɨɟ ɩɨɥɟ ɞɥɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɬɟɤɫɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɢɱɟɤ ɢ ɚɥɥɸɡɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɩɨɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɵ ȼɵɫɨɰɤɨɝɨ. ɋ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, Ʉɚɱɦɚɪɫɤɢ ɨɛɪɚɳɚ-ɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɩɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɧɵɦ ɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɢɧɬɨɧɚɰɢɟɣ ɢɫɩɨɜɟɞɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹɦ ȼɵ-ɫɨɰɤɨɝɨ, ɤɨɞɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɧɢ ɩɨɷɬɚ13, ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ, ɩɨɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɛɚɪɞ ɫɫɵɥɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɚɤɬɟɪɚ--ɩɟɜɰɚ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɧ ɡɚɩɟɱɚɬɥɟɥ ɨɛɪɚɡ ɬɨɬɚɥɢɬɚɪɧɨɣ ɷɩɨɯɢ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɹɥ ɩɨ-ɩɵɬɤɭ ɟɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɬɟɤɫɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɷɩɢ-ɬɚɮɢɢ ɫ Ȼɚɧɶɤɨɣ ɩɨ-ɛɟɥɨɦɭ ȼɵɫɨɰɤɨɝɨ:
Rozpal w łaĨni kamienie na biel! Z ciał rozgrzanych niech siĊ wytopi ból. TatuaĪe weĨmiemy na cel!
Bo na sercu, po lewej, tam Stalin drĪy, Pot zalewa mu oczy i wąs!
Jego profil specjalnie tam kłuli my ĩeby słyszał, jak serca siĊ rwą! [ɗ]
ɉɪɨɬɨɩɢ ɬɵ ɦɧɟ ɛɚɧɶɤɭ ɩɨ-ɛɟɥɨɦɭ […] (1, 186) […] Ⱥ ɧɚ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɝɪɭɞɢ – ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶ ɋɬɚɥɢɧɚ, (1, 186) […] Ȼɥɢɠɟ ɤ ɫɟɪɞɰɭ ɤɨɥɨɥɢ ɦɵ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɢ, ɑɬɨɛ ɨɧ ɫɥɵɲɚɥ, ɤɚɤ ɪɜɭɬɫɹ ɫɟɪɞɰɚ. (1, 187) Ʉɚɱɦɚɪɫɤɢ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɰɢɬɚɬɵ ɢɡ ɲɟɞɟɜɪɚ ȼɵɫɨɰɤɨɝɨ, ɡɚɢɦɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢ-ɜɚɟɬ ɬɟɦɭ ɫɬɚɥɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɩɪɟɫɫɢɣ, ɩɟɪɟɠɢɬɵɯ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɦ ɧɚɪɨɞɨɦ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɚɡɨɛɥɚɱɚɟɬ ɤɭɥɶɬ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɋɬɚɥɢɧɚ, „ɛɟɡɡɚɜɟɬɧɚɹ ɜɟɪɚ” ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɢɥɚ ________________
(14.09.2009). ȼɫɟ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɟ ɰɢɬɚɬɵ ɢɡ Epitafium dla Włodzimierza Wysockiego ɩɪɢɜɨ-ɞɹɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɭ ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɧɵɯ ɫɤɨɛɤɚɯ: ɗ.
12ɐɢɬ. ɩɨ ɮɨɧɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɪɬɚ ɜ ȾɄ „Ɏɚɪɯɚɞ”, ɇɚɜɨɢ 1979. 13ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɛɚɥɥɚɞɚ Ʉɨɧɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɪɟɞɥɢɜɵɟ.
„ɨɬɞɵɯɚɬɶ ɜ ɪɚɸ” ȽɍɅȺȽɚ ɦɢɥɥɢɨɧɵ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ. ɗɯɨ Ȼɚɧɶɤɢ ɩɨ-ɛɟɥɨɦɭ ɡɜɭɱɢɬ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɷɩɢɬɚɮɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɝɪɨɦɤɨ, ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɚɥɥɸɡɢ-ɹɦ ɢ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɰɢɬɚɬɚɦ ɢɡ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɟɟ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɨ-ɤɚɯ:
PamiĊtajcie wy o mnie co sił! Co sił! Choü przemknąłem przed wami jak cieĔ! Palcie w łaĨni, aĪ kamieĔ siĊ zmieni w pył – PrzecieĪ wrócĊ, gdy zacznie siĊ dzieĔ! [ɗ].
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɥɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠ Ʉɚɱɦɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɢɬɚɟɬ ɧɚɞɟɠɞɭ ɩɪɨ-ɞɨɥɠɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɢ ɩɨɤɥɨɧɧɢɤɨɜ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɚ-ɥɚɧɬɚ, ɱɬɨ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɭɟɬ ɟɦɭ ɛɟɫɫɦɟɪɬɢɟ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɟɪɢɬ ɜ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɟ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ.
ɗɩɢɬɚɮɢɹ Ʉɚɱɦɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɨɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡ ɨ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɟ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ („Nie uĪalaj siĊ nad nami – tyĞ poeta!” [ɗ]), ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢ-ɪɭɸɳɟɦ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɬɨɬɚɥɢɬɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ. ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɫɸɠɟɬɧɨɦ ɫɥɨɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɜɫɚɞɧɢɤ-ɩɨɷɬ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɦɱɢɬ-ɫɹ ɩɨ ɤɪɭɝɚɦ ɚɞɚ. Ʉɚɱɦɚɪɫɤɢ, ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɚɹ ɠɢɡɧɶ ɜ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɩɪɢɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɟɬ ɤ ɚɞɭ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɦɨɬɢɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɢɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɧɟɝɨ, ɰɟɥɶɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɟ ɥɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɚ, ɨɬɫɵɥɚɟɬ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɹ ɤ ɩɟɪ-ɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ Ȼɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɟɞɢɢ Ⱦɚɧɬɟ:
To moja droga z piekła do piekła W przepaĞü na łeb na szyjĊ skok!
Boskiej Komedii nowy przekład
I w pierwszy krąg piekła mój pierwszy krok! [ɗ].
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɢ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɧɭɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɛɚɪɞ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɜɵɦ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥ ɞɚɧɬɨɜɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɦɢɧɢɫɰɟɧɰɢɢ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɫɭɬɶ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɟɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ-ɜɚɧɢɹ. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɨɛɨɣɬɢ ɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɟɦ ɡɧɚɦɟɧɢɬɵɣ ɪɨɦɚɧ Ⱥɥɟɤ-ɫɚɧɞɪɚ ɋɨɥɠɟɧɢɰɵɧɚ ȼ ɤɪɭɝɟ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɚɜɬɨɪ, ɜɨɫɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɹ ɦɢɪ „ɫɩɟɰɬɸɪɶɦɵ ɆȽȻ ʋ 1” – ɡɚɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚ, ɧɟɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ „ɲɚɪɚɲɤɨɣ”, ɩɨɝɪɭɠɚɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɜ ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɪ-ɬɟɤɫɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬ. Ɉɛɪɚɡ ɬɸɪɶɦɵ ɞɥɹ ɡɷɤɨɜ-ɭɱɟɧɵɯ, ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɡɚɝɥɚɜɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ, ɚɫɫɨɰɢɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɨɣ Ȼɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɟɞɢɟɣ Ⱦɚɧɬɟ ɢ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɤɪɭɝ ɚɞɚ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɫɹ ɚɧɬɢɱɧɵɟ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɵ, ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɨɪɨɤɨɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɛɵɥɨ ɢɯ ɹɡɵɱɟɫɬɜɨ14. ɍ ɋɨɥɠɟɧɢɰɵɧɚ ɡɚɤɥɸ-ɱɟɧɧɵɟ – ɫɜɟɬɥɵɟ ɭɦɵ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ, ɡɚɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɜ ɩɨɥɶɡɭ ɬɨɬɚɥɢɬɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ, – ɬɨɠɟ ɹɡɵɱɧɢɤɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɝɪɟɲɢɥɢ ɧɟɜɟɪɢɟɦ ɜ ɛɨɝɚ-ɋɬɚɥɢɧɚ ɢ ɤɨɦ-________________ 14ɋɦ. ɧɚɩɪ.: Ɂɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ ɫɨɰɪɟɚɥɢɡɦɚ. Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪ ɋɨɥɠɟɧɢɰɵɧ, [ɜ:] ɇ.Ʌ. Ʌ ɟ ɣ ɞ ɟ ɪ - ɦ ɚ ɧ, Ɇ.ɇ. Ʌ ɢ ɩ ɨ ɜ ɟ ɰ ɤ ɢ ɣ, ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɪɭɫɫɤɚɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜ 3-ɯ ɤɧɢɝɚɯ. Ʉɧ. 1: Ʌɢ-ɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ „Ɉɬɬɟɩɟɥɢ” (1953–1968), Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 2001, ɫ. 189.
ɦɭɧɢɡɦ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɜɲɢɣ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɪɟɥɢɝɢɸ. ɉɨɷɬɨ-ɦɭ ɥɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠ Ʉɚɱɦɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ – ɫɜɨɛɨɞɨɥɸɛɢɜɵɣ ɩɨɷɬ, ɩɪɟɡɢɪɚɸɳɢɣ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɥ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɢɣ ɬɨɬɚɥɢɬɚ-ɪɢɡɦ – ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬ ɫɜɨɣ ɩɭɬɶ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɤɪɭɝɟ ɚɞɚ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɬɨɦ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɢɟ ɤɪɭɝɢ. Ⱥɜɬɨɪ Obławy, ɩɨɝɪɭɠɚɹ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɚ ɜ ɚɞɫɤɭɸ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɚɤɰɟɧɬɢ-ɪɭɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɡɚɬɟɪɹɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɝɪɟɯɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɣ, ɩɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ. ɇɟ ɛɟɡ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ ɜɫɟ ɤɪɭɝɢ ɚɞɚ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɥɢ-ɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬ Ʉɚɱɦɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ, ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɟ ɩɨɪɨɤɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬ ɫɜɨɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɜ ɬɨɬɚɥɢɬɚɪɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ. ɉɨɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɛɚɪɞ, ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɹɹ ɢɯ, ɧɚɩɨ-ɦɢɧɚɟɬ ɮɚɤɬ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɷɬɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ȼɵɫɨɰɤɨɝɨ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ, ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɹ ɢɯ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ, ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɬɟ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɢ ɱɟɪɬɵ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɩɨɷɬɚ-ɩɟɜɰɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɢɥɢ ɟɝɨ ɧɟɩɪɨɫɬɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɭɬɶ ɢ ɩɪɟɠɞɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɭɸ ɫɦɟɪɬɶ. Ɍɚɤ, ɨɧ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟ-ɫɤɢɟ ɫɬɪɚɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɬɱɚɹɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɢɫɤɢ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɥɸɛɜɢ (ɤɪɭɝ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ); ɫɫɵɥɤɭ, ɤɚɤ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɢɡɛɚɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɨɬ ɜɪɚɝɨɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ, ɤɨɬɨ-ɪɵɟ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɟ ɦɵɫɥɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɝɨ ɫɦɟɪɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɭɝɪɨɡɨɣ (ɤɪɭɝ ɜɬɨ-ɪɨɣ); ɠɢɡɧɶ „ɥɸɞɟɣ ɩɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɢ”, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ, ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɫɶ ɜɧɟ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɣ, ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɧɢɤɚɤɨɣ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɜɥɢɹɬɶ ɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɯɨɞ, ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ, ɩɨɞɱɢɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɟɝɨ ɠɟɫɬɨɤɨɣ, ɪɚɡɪɭɲɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɥɟ (ɤɪɭɝ ɬɪɟ-ɬɢɣ); „ɞɭɯɨɜɧɵɣ ɩɭɫɬɵɪɶ”, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɲɢɣ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɩɪɟɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɨɳɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɢɞɟɢ ɢɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɬɶ ɧɟɡɚɭɪɹɞɧɵɟ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ, ɥɢ-ɲɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ, ɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɜɵɫɲɢɦ ɰɟɥɹɦ ɢ ɢɞɟɚɥɚɦ, ɛɨɪɨɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɬɢɪɚɧɢɢ ɢ ɥɠɢ (ɤɪɭɝ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɵɣ); ɩɚɪɬɢɣɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨɦ ɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɰɟɧɡɭɪɧɵɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ, ɭɧɢɱɬɨ-ɠɚɸɳɢɟ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɭ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɬɚɥɚɧɬ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɟɥɟɝɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɦɟɫɬɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɡɚɧɹɥɢ ɥɢɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɚɥɚɧɬɚ ɚɜɬɨɪɵ, ɜɟɪɧɨ ɫɥɭ-ɠɢɜɲɢɟ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɢɦɟɧɟɦ ɬɨɬɚɥɢɬɚɪɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɠɢɦɭ (ɤɪɭɝ ɩɹɬɵɣ); ɩɶɹɧɫɬɜɨ, ɤɨɬɨ-ɪɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɨ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɜɵɪɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɢɡ ɦɪɚɤɚ ɛɟɡɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ (ɤɪɭɝ ɲɟɫɬɨɣ); ɧɚ ɜɫɟɨɛɴɟɦɥɸɳɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪ-ɫɬɜɚ, ɫɥɟɞɢɜɲɟɝɨ ɡɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ (ɤɪɭɝ ɫɟɞɶɦɨɣ). ɉɭɬɟɲɟɫɬɜɢɟ ɜɫɚɞɧɢɤɚ-ɩɨɷɬɚ ɡɚɤɚɧɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɨɫɶɦɨɦ ɤɪɭɝɟ ɚɞɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɛɪɨ-ɲɟɧɧɵɦ, ɩɭɫɬɵɧɧɵɦ ɦɟɫɬɨɦ:
Dla mnie mają tu jeszcze ósmy krąg! Ósmy krąg, w którym nie ma juĪ nic [ɗ],
ɱɬɨ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɫɭɞɶɛɵ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɚ ɫɥɨɜɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɧɭɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɟ/ɫɥɭ-ɲɚɬɟɥɟ, ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬ ɨɫɨɛɨ ɬɪɚɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɬɬɟɧɨɤ. Ɋɚɛɨɬɚɜɲɢɣ ɜ ɠɚɧɪɟ ɚɜɬɨɪ-ɫɤɨɣ ɩɟɫɧɢ Ʉɚɱɦɚɪɫɤɢ, ɨɬɥɢɱɧɨ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɥ ɫɭɬɶ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɟɣ ɩɟɫɟɧ-ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ. Cɭɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɩɟɫɧɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɪɚɬɧɨ ɡɚɬɪɚɝɢɜɚɥ ɜ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɟɟ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɤ – ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪ ȼɵɫɨɰɤɢɣ:
Ⱦɥɹ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɩɟɫɧɢ ɧɢɱɟɝɨ ɧɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ. Ɍɪɟɛɭɸɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɥɸɞɢ, ɝɥɚɡɚ, ɠɟɥɚɧɢɟ ɜɚɲɟ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɶ, ɚ ɦɨɟ ɜɚɦ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ; ə ɜɚɦ [ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɹɦ – Ȼ. Ɉ.] ɯɨɱɭ ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɨɞɧɨ: ɜɵ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɥɢ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫɨ ɦɧɨɣ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ. ɇɨ ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ, ɤɨɪɨɱɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɹ, ɜɵ ɫɦɟɹɥɢɫɶ ɬɚɦ, ɝɞɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɧɚɞɨ. Ȼɵɥɢ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵ ɜ ɬɟɯ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ, ɝɞɟ ɩɟɫɧɢ ɬɨɝɨ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɥɢ [...]15. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ, ɡɧɚɹ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ȼɵɫɨɰɤɨɝɨ-ɩɨɷɬɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɣ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ – ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɭɸ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɶ – ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɥ ɤɚɤ ɧɟɩɪɢɡ-ɧɚɧɧɵɣ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɚɜɬɨɪ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɹ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɝɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞ-ɫɬɜɢɹ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɜɟɳɟɣ, Ʉɚɱɦɚɪɫɤɢ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɷɩɢɬɚɮɢɢ ɫ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɥ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɦɭɱɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɟɝɨ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪ-ɧɨɝɨ ɞɜɨɣɧɢɤɚ ɜ ɜɨɫɶɦɨɦ ɤɪɭɝɭ ɚɞɚ, ɧɚɤɚɡɚɧɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪ-ɧɨɝɨ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɫɬɪɚɲɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɷɬɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɛɚɪɞ, ɩɪɢɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɹɫɶ ɤ ɬɪɚɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɭɞɶɛɟ ȼɵ-ɫɨɰɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹ, ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɟɬ ɮɚɤɬ ɧɟɨɬɜɪɚɬɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɣ ɞɟɝɪɚ-ɞɚɰɢɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɬɨɬɚɥɢɬɚɪɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɢ ɨɞ-ɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɟɬ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɨɛɪɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɯ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɥɨɜɚ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɜɹɡɹɦɢ ɫ ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪɨɦ ȼɵɫɨɰɤɢɦ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɧɚ-ɫɥɟɞɢɟɦ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ Ȼɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɟɞɢɢ Ⱦɚɧɬɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɹɞɪɨɦ ɷɩɢɬɚɮɢɢ Ʉɚɱɦɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ, ɢɧɬɟɪɬɟɤɫɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɯɚ-ɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɢɫɱɟɪɩɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ. ȼ ɩɟɫɧɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɦɟɠɬɟɤ-ɫɬɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɲɟɞɟɜɪ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ – Ƚɚɦɥɟɬɚ ɒɟɤɫɩɢɪɚ, ɩɨɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɭ ɩɨɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɛɚɪɞɚ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɩɨɥɢɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɬɟɤɫɬɭɚɥɶ-ɧɵɯ ɨɬɡɜɭɤɨɜ. ɂɯ ɫɦɵɫɥ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɝɥɭɛɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ Ʉɚɱɦɚɪɫɤɢɦ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɝɨ ɝɚɦɥɟɬɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɚ, ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɤ ɫ ɚɤɬɟɪɫɤɨɣ ɫɭɞɶɛɨɣ ȼɵɫɨɰɤɨɝɨ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɷɡɢɟɣ 70-ɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚ-ɡɨɦ, ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɩɨɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɷɬɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɨɬɫɵɥɤɢ ɤ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɧɨɜɚɬɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɬɪɚɝɟɞɢɢ ɒɟɤɫɩɢɪɚ ɘɪɢɟɦ Ʌɸɛɢɦɨɜɵɦ – ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɪɟɠɢɫɫɟɪɨɦ Ɍɟɚɬɪɚ ɞɪɚɦɵ ɢ ɤɨɦɟɞɢɢ ɧɚ Ɍɚɝɚɧɤɟ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪ ȼɵ-ɫɨɰɤɢɣ ɫɵɝɪɚɥ ɡɚɝɥɚɜɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɹ Ƚɚɦɥɟɬɚ, Ʉɚɱɦɚɪɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɨɫɤɪɟɲɚɟɬ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ ɨ ɥɟɝɟɧɞɚɪɧɨɣ ɬɟɚɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɛɚɪɞɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɞɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɞɧɟɣ, ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɩɥɨɯɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ, ɩɟɪɟɜɨɩɥɨɳɚɥɫɹ ɜ ɞɚɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɧɰɚ, ɤɚɤ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɢɝɪɚɹ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɫ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɨɬɞɚɱɟɣ ɮɢɡɢ-ɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɥ, ɧɨ ɢ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɦɟɠɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɥɢɪɢɤɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɞɟɫɹ-ɬɢɥɟɬɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɭɬɢ ɫ ɬɪɚɝɟɞɢɟɣ ɒɟɤɫɩɢɪɚ16. ɇɟɥɶɡɹ ɨɛɨɣɬɢ ɦɨɥɱɚ-ɧɢɟɦ ɮɚɤɬ, ɱɬɨ Ƚɚɦɥɟɬ, ɩɨɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɭ Ʉɚɱɦɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ, ɷɬɨ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɭ ȼɵɫɨɰɤɨɝɨ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɩɨɷɬ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɸɬ ɫ ɏɪɢɫɬɨɦ17. Ɉɳɭɳɟɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɫɯɨɞɫɬɜɚ ________________ 15 ɐɢɬ. ɩɨ ɮɨɧɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɪɬɚ ɜ ȾɄ „Ɏɚɪɯɚɞ”, ɭɤɚɡ. ɫɨɱ. 16 ɇɟɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɣ ɜɵɫɨɰɤɨɜɟɞ Ⱥɧɚɬɨɥɢɣ Ʉɭɥɚɝɢɧ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɥɢɪɢɤɭ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ 70-ɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ „ɝɚɦɥɟɬɨɜɫɤɨɣ”, ɚ ȼɵɫɨɰɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɤɚɤ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɢɤɚ-ɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɤ „ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɦ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ” ɛɵɬɢɹ. Ɉɛ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɦ.: Ⱥ.ȼ. Ʉ ɭ ɥ ɚ ɝ ɢ ɧ, ɉɨɷɡɢɹ ȼ.ɋ. ȼɵ-ɫɨɰɤɨɝɨ. Ɍɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɹ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 1997, ɫ. 122. 17Ɇɨɬɢɜ ɏɪɢɫɬɚ-ɩɨɷɬɚ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɟ ȼɵɫɨɰɤɨɝɨ ɜ ɩɟɫɧɟ-ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɢ Ɉ ɮɚɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɚɬɚɯ ɢ ɰɢɮɪɚɯ.
ɭɝɥɭɛɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɛɢɛɥɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɚɥɥɸɡɢɢ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ Ʉɚɱɦɚɪɫɤɢɦ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɷɩɢɬɚɮɢɢ:
To moja droga z piekła do piekła Na scenie Hamlet, skłuty bok Z którego właĞnie krew wyciekła – To w piąty krąg kolejny krok! [ɗ].
ȿɝɨ Ƚɚɦɥɟɬ, ɫ ɩɪɨɛɢɬɵɦ ɤɪɨɜɨɬɨɱɚɳɢɦ ɛɨɤɨɦ, ɩɨɯɨɠ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɩɹɬɨɝɨ ɏɪɢɫɬɚ, ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɦɟɪɬɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɲɥɢ ɤ ɇɟɦɭ ɜɨɢɧɵ ɢ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɤɨɩɶɟɦ ɩɪɨɧɡɢɥ ȿɦɭ ɪɟɛɪɚ, ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɢɫɬɟɤɥɚ ɤɪɨɜɶ ɢ ɜɨɞɚ (ɫɦ.: ɂɧ 19, 32–35). Ʉɚɱɦɚɪ-ɫɤɢ, ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɜ ɛɢɛɥɟɣɫɤɢɣ ɦɨɬɢɜ ɫ ɲɟɞɟɜɪɨɦ ɒɟɤɫɩɢɪɚ ɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɱ-ɧɨɫɬɶɸ ȼɵɫɨɰɤɨɝɨ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɦɟɫɬɢɜ ɢɯ ɜ ɩɹɬɨɦ ɤɪɭɝɟ ɚɞɚ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɟɦɫɹ ɬɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɰɟɧɡɭɪɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɭɧɢɱɬɨɠɚɟɬ ɜɵ-ɫɨɤɭɸ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɭ, ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɭ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɚ, ɨɬɞɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɠɢɡɧɶ ɡɚ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨ. Ɋɚɛɨɬɚɹ ɫɨ ɫɥɨɜɨɦ, Ʉɚɱɦɚɪɫɤɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬ ɫɦɵɫɥ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɩɨ-ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɫɫɵɥɨɤ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɵ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɪɢɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɫɥɭɠɢ-ɜɚɟɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɡɚɢɦɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ Ʉɚɱɦɚɪɫɤɢɦ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɱɟɪɬ ɩɨɷɬɢɤɢ ȼɵɫɨɰɤɨɝɨ. Ɍɚɤ, ɟɝɨ ɩɟɫɧɹ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɚ – ɤɚɤ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɣ ɪɭɫ-ɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɤɬɟɪɚ-ɩɟɜɰɚ – ɨɬ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɱɢɫɥɚ
Nikt mnie nie trzyma, nikt nie przeĞwietla Nie zrywa mostów, nie stawia bram! [ɗ].
Ɋɹɞɨɦ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɟɦɨɦ ɩɨɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɷɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥ ɷɤɫɬɪɟ-ɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ, ɤɚɤ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɫɹ ɟɝɨ ɥɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɝɟɪɨɣ. ȼɵɫɨɰɤɢɣ ɜ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɶɸ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɥ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɪɨɥɶ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɩɨɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɢ: ə ɯɨɱɭ ɩɟɬɶ ɩɪɨ ɥɸɞɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɤɪɚɣɧɟɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ: ɜ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɪɢɫɤɚ [...]. Ʉɨɪɨɱɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɹ, ɥɸɞɟɣ ɧɚ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɤɪɚɸ ɩɪɨɩɚɫɬɢ, ɧɚ ɤɪɚɸ ɨɛɪɵɜɚ [...]18. Ʉɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ȼɵɫɨɰɤɨɝɨ, ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠ Ʉɚɱɦɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɡɚɭɪɹɞɧɨɣ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɫɩɨɤɨɣɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɢɬɚɟɬ „ɝɢɛɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɨɫɬɨɪɝ”. Ɍɪɟɬɶɟɣ ɱɟɪɬɨɣ, ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɨɢɯ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ, ɹɜɥɹ-ɟɬɫɹ ɢɯ ɷɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ. ȼɵɫɨɰɤɢɣ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɥ ɧɚ ɷɬɭ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɱɟɪɬɭ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɩɟɫɟɧ („ə ɜɫɟ ɩɟɫɧɢ ɫɬɚɪɚɸɫɶ ɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɩɟɫɧɢ-ɧɨɜɟɥɥɵ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɬɚɦ ɱɬɨ-ɬɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɥɨ”19), ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢ ɡɚɢɦɫɬɜɨɜɚɥ Ʉɚɱɦɚɪɫɤɢ. ɉɨɞɜɨɞɹ ɢɬɨɝɢ ɫɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɦɭ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɧɭɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪɚ ȼɵɫɨɰɤɨɝɨ ɛɵɥɚ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɛɥɢɡɤɚ ɦɨɥɨɞɨɦɭ əɰɟɤɭ Ʉɚɱɦɚɪ-ɫɤɨɦɭ. ɍɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɦ ɚɤɬɟɪɨɦ-ɩɟɜɰɨɦ ɨɬɪɚɡɢɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɟ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɗɩɢɬɚɮɢɹ ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪɭ ________________ 18Ⱥ.ɋ. Ⱦ ɟ ɦ ɢ ɞ ɨ ɜ ɚ, ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪ ȼɵɫɨɰɤɢɣ, ɤɚɤɢɦ ɡɧɚɸ ɢ ɥɸɛɥɸ, ɩɪɟɞɢɫɥ. Ⱥ. ɋɦɟ-ɥɹɧɫɤɨɝɨ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 1989, ɫ. 143. 19ɋɬɚɪɚɬɟɥɶ: eɳɟ ɨ ȼɵɫɨɰɤɨɦ. ɋɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɜɨɫɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɣ, ɫɨɫɬ. Ⱥ. Ʉɪɵɥɨɜ, ɘ. Ɍɵɪɢɧ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 1994, ɫ. 67.
ȼɵɫɨɰɤɨɦɭ. ɇɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɞ ɢɧɬɟɪɬɟɤɫɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɩɨ-ɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɟɦɨɦ. Ⱥɜɬɨɪ ɫɬɪɨɢɬ ɫɜɨɣ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɧɟ ɤɚɤ ɦɨɡɚɢɤɭ ɛɟɫɫɨɡɧɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɰɢɬɚɰɢɣ, ɚ ɤɚɤ ɞɢɚɥɨɝ ɫ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ȼɵɫɨɰɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɟɣ, ɨ ɱɟɦ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭ-ɟɬ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɬɟɤɫɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɢɱɟɤ ɫ ɩɟɫɧɹɦɢ ɛɚɪɞɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɦɢ Ⱦɚɧɬɟ ɢ ɒɟɤɫɩɢɪɚ. Ʉɚɱɦɚɪɫɤɢ ɩɢɲɟɬ ɬɨɠɟ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ȼɵɫɨɰɤɨɦɭ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ, ɫɨɡɞɚɸɳɟɣ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɚɸɳɟɣ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɟɝɨ ɷɩɢɬɚɮɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟ-ɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ, ɫɥɚɜɹɳɟɝɨ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ ɨ ɬɟɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɹɯ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɡɚɥɨɠɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ.
