• Nie Znaleziono Wyników

Życie religijne i codzienne pod koniec XVI w. w Krakowie w świetle „Diariusza” Giovanniego Paola Mucante

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Share "Życie religijne i codzienne pod koniec XVI w. w Krakowie w świetle „Diariusza” Giovanniego Paola Mucante"

Copied!
14
0
0

Pełen tekst

(1)

-DQXV]6PRïXFKD

-HVXLW8QLYHUVLW\,JQDWLDQXPLQ.UDNRZ MDQXV]VPROXFKD#LJQDWLDQXPHGXSO

5HOLJLRXVDQGbGDLO\bOLIH

DWbWKHbHQGRIbWKHbVL[WHHQWKbFHQWXU\

.UDNRZLQbOLJKWRIWKHĴ'LDU\ĵ

RIb*LRYDQQL3DROR0XFDQWH

$ % 6 7 5$& 7 7KHDUWLFOHLVEDVHGRQ7KH'LDU\RIWKHMRXUQH\XQGHUWDNHQWR3RODQG LQWKH\HDUVE\WKHSDSDOOHJDWH&DUGLQDO(QULFR&DHWDQL 7KLVKLWKHUWRXQSXEOLVKHGPDWHULDOLVDbYDOXDEOHVRXUFHRILQIRUPD-WLRQ IRU WKH HDUO\ PRGHUQ 3ROLVK KLVWRU\ ,WV DXWKRU WKH VHFUHWDU\ RI &DUGLQDO*LRYDQQL3DROR0XFDQWHZDVDbNHHQREVHUYHURIWKHOLIHRI SHRSOHIURPDOOVRFLDOFODVVHV+HDOVRKDGDbVKDUSH\HIRUWKHUHOLJLRXV FHUHPRQLHVDQGWKHVSLULWXDOPDNHXSRIWKHFRXQWU\ERWKRIZKLFKKH GHVFULEHVZLWKPHWLFXORXVDFFXUDF\%\GRLQJLWKHVKHGDbQHZOLJKW RQ WKH VSLULWXDO DQG PDWHULDO FXOWXUH RI WKH LQKDELWDQWV RI WKH 3RO-LVK/LWKXQLDQ&RPPRQZHDOWK7KHDXWKRURIWKHDUWLFOHIRFXVHVRQ WKDW SDUW RI 7KH 'LDU\ ZKLFK UHODWHV GLUHFWO\ WR .UDNRZ 7KLV IDVFL-QDWLQJUHDGLQJVKRZVWKHIRUPHUFDSLWDORIWKH.LQJGRPRI3RODQGDV DbSODFHOHVVGHYHORSHGLQWHUPVRIFXOWXUHDQGVRFLDODPHQLWLHVWKHQ FRQWHPSRUDU\,WDOLDQFLWLHVEXWQRQHWKHOHVVHTXDOO\RULJLQDODSSHDO-LQJDQGEHDXWLIXO K E Y W O R D S : SDSDF\.UDNRZUHOLJLRXVOLIHGDLO\OLIH*LRYDQQL 3DROR0XFDQWH(QULFR&DHWDQL

(2)

6 7 5 ( 6 = & = ( 1 , ( ¿\FLHUHOLJLMQHLbFRG]LHQQHSRGNRQLHF;9,bZZb.UDNRZLHZbĂZLHWOH ķ'LDULXV]Dĵ*LRYDQQLHJR3DROD0XFDQWH $UW\NXïRSDUW\]RVWDïQDPDWHULDïDFK]bQLHSXEOLNRZDQHJRGRWHMSRU\ FHQQHJRěUöGïDGRG]LHMöZQRZRĝ\WQHM3ROVNLbļ'LDULXV]DSRGUöĝ\SD-SLHVNLHJROHJDWDNDUG\QDïD(QULFR&DHWDQLHJR]bODW-HJR DXWRUHP E\ï VHNUHWDU] NDUG\QDïD *LRYDQQL 3DROR 0XFDQWH =DQRWR- ZDïRQQLH]Z\NOHLQWHUHVXMÈFHIDNW\RGQRV]ÈFHVLÚGRĝ\FLDFRG]LHQQH-JRNXOWXU\UHOLJLMQHMGXFKRZHMLbPDWHULDOQHMPLHV]NDñFöZGDZQ\FK ]LHP3ROVNL$XWRUDUW\NXïXGRNRQDïDQDOL]\WHJRPDWHULDïXLbSU]\WR-F]\ïZLHOHRSLVöZ0XFDQWHJR]bRNUHVXSRE\WXSDSLHVNLHJRSRVHOVWZD Zb .UDNRZLH 8ND]XMÈ RQH GDZQÈ VWROLFÚ .UöOHVWZD 3ROVNLHJR MDNR PLHMVFH RGVWDMÈFH QLHFR SR]LRPHP F\ZLOL]DF\MQ\P RG öZF]HVQ\FK PLDVWZïRVNLFKDOHQLH]Z\NOHRU\JLQDOQHLbSLÚNQH

6 ’ 2 :$  . /8 & = 2 : (  SDSLHVWZRĝ\FLHUHOLJLMQHĝ\FLHFRG]LHQQH *LRYDQQL3DROR0XFDQWH(QULFR&DHWDQL 7KHZRUNE\*LRYDQQL3DROR0XFDQWHHQWLWOHGItinerario overo relation in

IRUPDGL'LDULRGLWXWWHOHFRVHRFFRUVHVSHFLDOPHQWHLQPDWHULDGLFHULPRQLH tano nel viaggio come in Cracovia et in Versovia all Illustrissimo et Reveredis-VLPR+HQULFR&DUGLQDO&DHWDQR/HJDWR$SRVWROLFRDO6HUHQLVVLPR5HHW5HJQR di PoloniaLVFRQVLGHUHGDVRQHRIWKHPRVWYDOXDEOHVRXUFHVRINQRZOHGJH RQHYHU\GD\OLIHDQGFXVWRPVRIWKHLQKDELWDQWVRIKLVWRULFDO3RODQG0X- FDQWHDbSDSDOPDVWHURIFHUHPRQLHVGHVFULEHGWKHFLUFXPVWDQFHVRIDbGLS-ORPDWLFPLVVLRQE\&DUGLQDO(QULFR&DHWDQLWR3RODQGLQWKH\HDUV 7KHSXUSRVHRIWKLVOHJDWLRQZKLFKVHWRIIIURPWKH+RO\6HHLQODWH VSULQJRIZDVWRUHFUXLW3RODQGWRWKH+RO\/HDJXHRUJDQL]HGE\WKH SDSDF\DQGGLUHFWHGDJDLQVWWKH2WWRPDQ7XUNH\ 1 ,WZDVQRWDQHDV\WDVN DQGIRUWKLVUHDVRQWKHJURXSRI&DUGLQDO&DHWDQLLQFOXGHGVHYHUDOHPL- QHQWODZ\HUVDQGVFKRODUVLQDGGLWLRQWRVHUYDQWV*LRYDQQL3DROR0X-FDQWHijVWDVNZDVWRVXSHUYLVHWKHSURSHUFRQGXFWRIFHUHPRQLHVRIUHOLJLRXV  )RUPRUHRQWKHWRSLFRIFRQWHPSRUDU\SODQVRIZDUZLWK7XUNH\FI'LH+DXSWLQVWUXNWLRQHQ&OH-PHQVij9,,,IđUGLH1XQWLHQXQG/HJDWHQDQGHQHXURSÄLVFKHQ)đUVWHQKùIHQ HG.b-DLW- QHUYROb7đELQJHQ/b3DVWRU*HVFKLFKWHGHU3ÄSVWHLP=HLWDOWHUGHUNDWKROLVFKHQ5HIRU-PDWLRQXQG5HVWDXUDWLRQ.OHPHQV9,,,b  )UHLEXUJLP%UHLVJDXSSb -b6DV6WRVXQNLSROVNRWXUHFNLHZbSLHUZV]\FKODWDFK=\JPXQWD,,,Ĵ3U]HJOÈG3RZV]HFK-Q\ĵSbDQGHOVHZKHUH/b-DUPLñVNL/D3RORQLDGLIURQWHDLWHQWDWLYLSHUXQD

(3)

QDWXUHZLWKWKHSDUWLFLSDWLRQRIWKH&DUGLQDO7KHH[SHGLWLRQWRDb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ÈEURZVNL,WZDVILUVWNHSWLQ WKH3RWRFNLVij$UFKLYHVLQ:LODQöZDQGLVQRZLQWKH&HQWUDO$UFKLYHVRI +LVWRULFDO5HFRUGVLQ:DUVDZ 3 )RUWKHQHHGVRIWKLVSXEOLFDWLRQDbEHWWHU SUHVHUYHGYHUVLRQQXPEHULQJSDJHVZDVXVHGZKLFKLVDbSDUWRIWKH FROOHFWLRQ%DUEHULQL/DWLQLLQ9DWLFDQ$SRVWROLF/LEUDU\ 4  0XFDQWHijV'LDU\VWDQGVRXWIURPRWKHUVLPLODUPDWHULDOVIURPWKDWHUD GXHWRWKHH[WUHPHFDUHDQGSUHFLVLRQRIWKHDFFRXQWSUHVHQWHGRQDbUHJ-XODUEDVLVGD\DIWHUGD\DQGDOPRVWKRXUE\KRXU 5 8QIRUWXQDWHO\VRIDU WKLVH[WUHPHO\LQWHUHVWLQJPDWHULDOKDVQRWEHHQIXOO\UHOHDVHGDQGFULWL-FDOO\GHYHORSHG6RIDURQO\VPDOOIUDJPHQWVRILWKDYHEHHQSXEOLVKHG WUDQVODWHG LQWR 3ROLVK E\ -DQ 8UV\Q 1LHPFHZLF] LQ WKH VHFRQG YROXPH RIKLV=ELRU\SDPLÚWQLNöZKLVWRU\F]Q\FKRbGDZQHM3ROV]F]H>&ROOHFWLRQVRI +LVWRULFDO0HPRLUVRI2OG3RODQG@,WLVIXOORIVKRUWFXWVDQGVXPPDULHV DQGFDQQRWEHXVHGLQGLVFULPLQDWHO\E\PRGHUQUHVHDUFKHUV,WZDVQRWXQ-WLOWKHVWKDWKLVWRULDQDQGHVVD\LVWZRUNLQJLQ,WDOLDQXQLYHUVLWLHV-DQ :ïDG\VïDZ:RĂEHFDPHLQWHUHVWHGLQWKHWRSLF+RZHYHUGHVSLWHDQDQ-QRXQFHPHQWRIDbFULWLFDOHGLWLRQRIWKHZKROHZRUNKHPDQDJHGWRSXEOLVK  $VGHPRQVWUDWHGPDQ\\HDUVDJRE\-DQ:ïDG\VïDZ:RĂ*LDQ3DROR0XFDQWHSURGXFHGIRXU VOLJKWO\GLIIHUHQWYHUVLRQVRIWKHZRUNGHGLFDWHGWRWKH&DUGLQDOV(QULFR&DHWDQL(GRDUGR)DU- QHVH$OIRQVR*HVXDOGRDQG3LHWUR$OGREUDQGLQL+LVLQWHQWLRQZDVWRZLQWKHIDYRURIWKHQRE-OHVRQZKRPKLVRZQHFFOHVLDVWLFDOFDUHHUGHSHQGHG-:b:RĂ,WLQHUDULRLQ3RORQLDGHOGL

Giovanni Mucante cerimoniere pontificio5RPDSSb

 &HQWUDO$UFKLYHVRI+LVWRULFDO5HFRUGV $*$':DUV]DZD PVb-:b:RĂ,OĴ'LDULRGL YLDJJLRLQ3RORQLDĵGL*LRYDQQL3DROR0XFDQWHPDHVWURGLFHULPRQLHGHOFDUGLQDOHOHJDWR(b&DHWD-niĴ$QQDOLGHOOD6FXROD1RUPDOH6XSHULRUHGL3LVD&ODVVHGL/HWWHUHH)LORVRILDĵ6HULHV,,, Sb  %LEOLRWHFD$SRVWROLFD9DWLFDQD%DUE/DWb  -:b:RĂ,OĴ'LDULRGLYLDJJLRLQ3RORQLDĵGL*LRYDQQL3DROR0XFDQWHSb  -8b1LHPFHZLF]=ELöUSDPLÚWQLNöZKLVWRU\F]Q\FKRbGDZQHM3ROV]F]HYROb:DUV]DZD SSb

(4)

RQO\VPDOOIUDJPHQWVRIWKHZRUNUHIHUULQJWR&DUGLQDO&DHWDQLijVILUVWVWD\ LQ.UDNRZLQDVZHOODVVHSDUDWHWH[WVLQZKLFKKHLQFOXGHGDPRQJ RWKHUWKLQJVDbGHVFULSWLRQRIKLVWZRYLVLWVWR:DUVDZ :LWKUHJDUGWR&DU-GLQDO&DHWDQLijVVWD\LQ.UDNRZWKDWLVRILQWHUHVWWRXVKHUHKLVDFFRXQW RIDXWXPQKDVQRWEHHQGHYHORSHG\HWDORQJZLWKWKHGHVFULSWLRQRI VHYHUDOZHHNVLQWKHZLQWHUDWWKHWXUQRI  &DUGLQDO(QULFR&DHWDQLZDVDSSRLQWHGOHJDWHWRWKH.LQJGRPRI3R-ODQGE\&OHPHQW9,,,DWDbVHFUHWFRQVLVWRU\LQ5RPHRQ$SULOUG GXULQJZKLFKWLPHKHUHFHLYHGGHWDLOHGLQVWUXFWLRQVIRUKLVHPLVVDU\GX-WLHV $IWHUVKRUWSUHSDUDWLRQVKHOHIW5RPHRQ$SULOWKZLWKDQHQWRX-UDJHRIVHYHUDOGR]HQSHRSOH+LVURXWHUDQWKURXJK)ORUHQFH%RORJQD DQG,QQVEUXFNWR9LHQQD+HVSHQWGD\VLQWKH+DEVEXUJFDSLWDOZKLFK KHUHDFKHGRQ0D\WK7KHUHKHPHWDPRQJRWKHUV$UFKGXNH0D[L PLOLDQZKRZDVDQLPSHULDOFDQGLGDWHIRUWKHOHDGHURIXQLWHG&KULVWLDQ

IRUFHV LQ ZDU DJDLQVW 7XUNH\ 10

 2Q  -XQH  WKH ,WDOLDQ GHSXWDWLRQ FURVVHGWKHERUGHURIWKH.LQJGRPRI3RODQGDQGVWD\HGLQ=DWRUZKHUH WKHGLVWLQJXLVKHGJXHVWVZHUHZHOFRPHGE\WKH%LVKRSRI.UDNRZ&DUGL-QDOb-HU]\5DG]LZLïï7KHFDUGLQDOVNQHZHDFKRWKHUYHU\ZHOOVLQFHWKHWLPH RI-HU]\b5DG]LZLïïijVVWXGLHVLQ5RPHDWWKH-HVXLW&ROOHJLXP5RPDQXPDQG JUHHWHGHDFKRWKHUDVJRRGIULHQGV 11 7KHQH[WGD\RQO\WKHOHJDWHijVHQWRX-UDJHHQWHUHG.UDNRZZKLOH&DUGLQDO&DHWDQLKLPVHOIDFFRPSDQLHGE\KLV FORVHVWDVVRFLDWHVVSHQWWKHQLJKWDWWKH%HQHGLFWLQHDEEH\LQ7\QLHF7KH QH[WGD\KHWRRNSDUWLQWKHFHOHEUDWLRQVRI&RUSXV&KULVWLDQGLPPHGLDWHO\ DIWHUGLQQHUKHZHQWWRWKH)LUOHM3DODFHLQ%DOLFHQHDU.UDNRZ7KH)LUOHM 3DODFHGHVSLWHWKHIDFWWKDWDWWKDWWLPHZDVSUHGRPLQDQWO\ZRRGHQZDV YHU\EHDXWLIXODQGVSDFLRXV,WZDVVXUURXQGHGE\DbPDJQLILFHQWJDUGHQLQ  -:b:RĂ,WLQHUDULRLQ3RORQLDGHOGL*LRYDQQL0XFDQWHFHULPRQLHUHSRQWLILFLRSSb ,bGXHVRJJLRUQLGHOFDUGOHJDWR(b&DHWDQLDb9DUVDYLD  QHOODĴ5HOD]LRQHĵGHOPDHVWURGL cerimonie Giovanni Paolo MucanteHGb-:b:RĂ)LUHQ]H-:b:RĂRzymianin Giovanni 3DROR0XFDQWHRb3ROVFHZbNRñFX;9,ZLHNXķ6WXGLD½UöGïR]QDZF]HĵSSb  -:b:RĂ,VWUX]LRQHDOFDUGLQDO(QULFR&DHWDQLSHUODVXDPLVVLRQHLQ3RORQLDQHJOLDQQL Ĵ$QQDOLGHOOD6FXROD1RUPDOH6XSHULRUHGL3LVD&ODVVHGL/HWWHUHH)LORVRILDĵ6HULH,,, SSb  -:b:RĂ,OĴ'LDULRGLYLDJJLRLQ3RORQLDĵGL*LRYDQQL3DROR0XFDQWHSb 10 %LEOLRWHFD$SRVWROLFD9DWLFDQD%DUE/DWbIbUU 11 %LEOLRWHFD$SRVWROLFD9DWLFDQD%DUE/DWbIbYU-8b1LHPFHZLF]=ELöUSDPLÚWQL-NöZKLVWRU\F]Q\FKRbGDZQHM3ROV]F]HYRObSSb-:b:RĂ,WLQHUDULRLQ3RORQLDGHOGL

Giovanni Mucante cerimoniere pontificioSSb-HU]\5DG]LZLïïZDVDb&DOYLQLVWLQKLV\RXWK

KRZHYHUWKH-HVXLWVFDXVHGKLPWRFRQYHUWWR&DWKROLFLVPDQGKHEHFDPHDQDYLGRSSRQHQWRI

DOOGLVVLGHQWV:b0đOOHU5DG]LZLïï-HU]\KHUEX7UÈE\>LQ@3ROVNL6ïRZQLN%LRJUDILF]-ny FROb:URFïDZSSb0b&KDFKDM=DJUDQLF]QDHGXNDFMD5DG]LZLïöZRGSR-F]ÈWNX;9,GRSRïRZ\;9,,ZLHNX

(5)

ZKLFKFRXQWOHVVDQGUDUHIUXLWWUHHVJUHZVXFKDVSHDFKHVILJVDSULFRWVDQG JUDSHV,QWKLVQLFHHQYLURQPHQWWKH&DUGLQDODQGKLVHQWRXUDJHVSHQWWKH QH[WWKUHHGD\V,Q%DOLFHKHZDVYLVLWHGWZLFHE\&DUGLQDO-HU]\5DG]LZLïï ZKREURXJKWKLPOHWWHUVIURPWKH.LQJRQWKLVRFFDVLRQ 12  $WWKDWWLPHZKHQWKHOHJDWHZDVLQ%DOLFHWKHFDSLWDOFLW\ZDVSUHSDU-LQJWRUHFHLYHWKHGLJQLILHGJXHVW1REOHVGHFLGHGWRDGRUQWKHLUPDQRUVDQG WURRSVLQDbXQLILHGPDQQHUDQGRQWKLVRFFDVLRQ8QLIRUPVDQGRXWILWVZHUH RUGHUHGIRUJURXSVRIRUHYHQSHRSOH7KHPRVWLPSUHVVLYHZDVWKH XQLWRIVROGLHUVRI3LRWU0\V]NRZVNLDOOVLWWLQJRQKRUVHVLQULFKO\GHFR-UDWHGYHOYHWFRVWXPHV 13 7KHFHUHPRQLDOHQWU\RI&DUGLQDO(QULFR&DHWDQL LQWR.UDNRZZDWFKHGE\FRXQWOHVVFURZGVRIQREOHPHQWRZQVSHRSOHDQG SHDVDQWVWRRNSODFHRQ6XQGD\WK-XQHLQWKH2FWDYHRI&RUSXV&KULV-WL 14 7KHOHJDWHSXWRQFHUHPRQLDOUREHVDbFULPVRQFDSDQGDbFDUGLQDOijV KDWKHURGHRQDbPXOHGUHVVHGLQDbULFKFULPVRQKDUQHVV$bFURVVZLWKWKH LPDJHRI&KULVWZDVFDUULHGEHIRUHKLP7KHDIRUHPHQWLRQHGSUHODWHVRI WKH&DUGLQDOijV5RPDQIDPLO\URGHEHVLGHVKLP'HWDFKPHQWVRIWKHUR\-DOPDVWHUVDQGUHSUHVHQWDWLYHVRIIRUHLJQHUVOLYLQJLQ.UDNRZURGHRXWRI WKHFLW\JDWHVWRJUHHWWKHP*HUPDQV,WDOLDQV)UHQFK)OHPLVKDQG(QJ-OLVKbļDOOLQW\SLFDOFRVWXPHVRIWKHLUQDWLRQV7KH'LDU\ijVDXWKRUPHQWLRQV VXFKSHUVRQV7KHSURFHVVLRQRIIRUHLJQHUVZDVIROORZHGE\DbUHWLQXH RIWRZQFRXQFLORUVDQGVHQDWRUVORFDWHGLQWKHFDSLWDOFLW\)LQDOO\&DUGL-QDO-HU]\5DG]LZLïïDSSHDUHGDFWLQJDVWKHKRVWRIWKHFLW\LQSODFHRIWKH .LQJ$OWKRXJKKHZDVHTXDOWR&DHWDQLLQWHUPVRISRVLWLRQGXHWRWKH OHJDWHijVIXQFWLRQKHGUHVVHGXSLQOHVVIHVWLYHUREHVDQGKHZDVWKHILUVWWR JUHHWWKHJXHVWIURPKLVKRUVHLQ/DWLQ7KHFOHUJ\RIWKHFLW\RI.UDNRZZDV ZDLWLQJIRUWKHSDSDOOHJDWHDW6W)ORULDQijV*DWH$FFRUGLQJWR0XFDQWH WKLVZDVWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWRIWKHFLW\ijVJDWHVEHFDXVHLWZDVWKHRQHXVHG E\WKH.LQJ&DUGLQDO&DHWDQLGHVFHQGHGIURPKLVPXOHNQHOWGRZQDQG 12 %LEOLRWHFD$SRVWROLFD9DWLFDQD%DUE/DWbIbUY-8b1LHPFHZLF]=ELöUSDPLÚWQLNöZ KLVWRU\F]Q\FKRbGDZQHM3ROV]F]HYRObSb0b6PRODUVNL3RGUöĝSU]H]3ROVNÚOHJDWDSDSLHVNLHJR ZbURNXĴ3U]HJOÈG3RZV]HFKQ\ĵSb-:b:RĂ,WLQHUDULRLQ3RORQLDGHOGL

Giovanni Mucante cerimoniere pontificioSb

13

%LEOLRWHFD$SRVWROLFD9DWLFDQD%DUE/DWbIbU-8b1LHPFHZLF]=ELöUSDPLÚWQLNöZKL-VWRU\F]Q\FKRbGDZQHM3ROV]F]HYRObSb-:b:RĂ,WLQHUDULRLQ3RORQLDGHOGL*LRYDQQL

Mucante cerimoniere pontificioSb

14 7KLVGDWHZDVQRWHGE\-DQ:LHOHZLFNLLQKLV']LHQQLN>'LDU\@+HPHQWLRQHGWKDWWKHFDUGL-QDOZDVDFFRPSDQLHGE\WKUHH,WDOLDQ-HVXLWV%HQHGHWWR*LXVWLQLDQL/XGRYLF=DUDERQLDQG%U &HVDUH0DVROHQL.V-DQD:LHOHZLFNLHJR6-b']LHQQLNVSUDZGRPX]DNRQQHJR22b-H]XLWöZXbĂ

%DUEDU\Zb.UDNRZLH>LQ@Scriptores rerum PolonicarumYROb.UDNöZSb6b=DïÚ-VNL-H]XLFLZb3ROVFHYRObSb/ZöZSb7KHPRVWSURPLQHQWRIWKHVHZDVWKH-HVXLW %HQHGHWWR*LXVWLQLDQLUHFWRURIWKH5RPDQ&ROOHJHDQGGLUHFWRURIWKHFRQIHVVRUVLQWKH%DVL-OLFDRI6W3HWHU-:b:RĂSanta Sede e Corona polacca nella corrispondenza di Annibale di Capua

(6)

NLVVHGDbFURVVSODFHGRQDbYHOYHWSLOORZRQWKHJURXQG&DHWDQLURGHLQWR WKHFLW\DORQJ6W)ORULDQ6WUHHWDFFRPSDQLHGE\FDQQRQDGHGUXPUROOV WUXPSHWVDQGIOXWHV7KH&DUGLQDOVWRSSHGRQWKHZD\WRDbVD\VKRUWSUD\HU LQWKHFKXUFKRIWKH9LUJLQ0DU\7KLVZDVSRLQWHGRXWWKDWODWHUE\*LR-YDQQL3DROR0XFDQWHEHFDXVHLQKLVYLHZWKHILUVWFKXUFKZKLFKKHVKRXOG KDYHYLVLWHGZDVWKHFDWKHGUDO7KH&DUGLQDOWKHQSURFHHGHGWRWKH0DUNHW 6TXDUHDQG*URG]ND6WUHHWULJKWRQWRWKH:DZHO+LOO$IWHUDUULYLQJDWWKH SODFHWKH\DOOHQWHUHGWKHFDWKHGUDOZKHUH7Hb'HXPODXGDPXVZDVVXQJ $IWHUUHFLWLQJDbVKRUWSUD\HUWKHOHJDWHJRWLQWRWKHFDUULDJHRI3ULQFH&DU- GLQDO5DG]LZLïïZKLFKWRRNWKHPWRKLVSDODFHVLWXDWHGRSSRVLWHWKH)UDQ-FLVFDQ&KXUFK$VQRWHGE\WKHDXWKRURIWKH'LDU\WKHZDVWKRURXJKO\ UHQRYDWHGVKRUWO\EHIRUH&DHWDQLijVYLVLW,WZDVVSDFLRXVDQGFRPIRUWDEOH VWRFNHGZLWKEHDXWLIXODQGH[SHQVLYHIXUQLWXUH 15  *LRYDQQL3DROR0XFDQWHZDVQRWDQH\HZLWQHVVRIWKLVHQWU\DQGWKHGH-VFULSWLRQZDVGUDZQXSODWHUEDVHGRQZLWQHVVHVijDFFRXQWV0XFDQWHFDPH WR.UDNRZRQO\RQ-XQHWK,PPHGLDWHO\XSRQDUULYDOKHZHQWWR&DUGL-QDO(QULFR&DHWDQLWRJLYHKLPLPSRUWDQWGRFXPHQWVKHKDGEURXJKWIURP 5RPH 2QWKHILUVWGD\KHKDGDbFKDQFHWRORRNDURXQGWKHFLW\7KHSD- SDOPDVWHURIFHUHPRQ\ZDVLQWHUHVWHGLQHYHU\WKLQJQRWRQO\.UDNRZijVDS-SHDUDQFHDQGDUFKLWHFWXUHEXWDOVRWKHGDLO\OLIHDQGFXVWRPVRIWKHSRSX ODWLRQ+HGHYRWHGWKHPRVWVSDFHLQKLV'LDU\WRGHVFULSWLRQVRIUHOLJLRXV FHUHPRQLHV0DVVHVDQGSURFHVVLRQV+HZURWHWKDWWKHSLHW\RIWKHORFDOV ZDVPXFKODUJHUWKDQWKH,WDOLDQVij,WZDVRQO\QDWXUDOWKDWRQ6XQGD\VDQG SXEOLFKROLGD\VDWOHDVWWKUHH0DVVHVZHUHFHOHEUDWHGGXULQJWKHGD\LQDOO WKHFKXUFKHVRI.UDNRZVRWKDWHYHU\RQHFRXOGFKRRVHDbWLPHFRQYHQLHQW WRWKHPVHOYHVWRJRWRFKXUFK0XFDQWHQRWLFHGVRPHGLIIHUHQFHVLQWKH OLWXUJLFDOIRUPVSUDFWLFHGLQ3RODQG$PRQJWKHPWKHUHZHUHYHU\VWUDQJH DQGVXUSULVLQJGHWDLOVWKDWPLJKWKDYHRULJLQDWHGLQDbGLVWDQWSDVW

 .UDNRZ JHRJUDSKLFDO ORFDWLRQ O\LQJ DW WKH LQWHUVHFWLRQ RI LPSRU- WDQWWUDGHURXWHVLQ&HQWUDO(XURSHPHDQWWKDWWKHFLW\KDGDbFRVPRSROL-WDQFKDUDFWHU5HSUHVHQWDWLYHVRIPDQ\QDWLRQVVXFKDV3ROHV*HUPDQV &]HFKV,WDOLDQV)OHPLVKDQG(QJOLVKFRKDELWDWHGLWSHDFHIXOO\0XFDQWH QRWHGWKDWWKHGLIIHUHQWFRPPXQLWLHVRIIRUHLJQHUVLQ.UDNRZKDGWKHLU 15 %LEOLRWHFD$SRVWROLFD9DWLFDQD%DUE/DWbIbYU-8b1LHPFHZLF]=ELöUSDPLÚWQLNöZ KLVWRU\F]Q\FKRbGDZQHM3ROV]F]H YRObSSb0b6PRODUVNL3RGUöĝSU]H]3ROVNÚOHJDWDSD-SLHVNLHJRZbURNX Sb-:b:RĂ,WLQHUDULRLQ3RORQLDGHOGL*LRYDQQL0XFDQWHFHUL-moniere pontificioSSb  -:b:RĂ,OĴ'LDULRGLYLDJJLRLQ3RORQLDĵGL*LRYDQQL3DROR0XFDQWHSb  %LEOLRWHFD$SRVWROLFD9DWLFDQD%DUE/DWbIbY  -b6HUHG\ND:b.DF]RURZVNL6SHF\ILNDSROVNLFKFHUHPRQLDïöZGZRUVNLFKLbNRĂFLHOQ\FKZbĂZLHW-OHUHODFML*LRYDQQLHJR3DROD0XFDQWH]bODWķ.ZDUWDOQLN+LVWRU\F]Q\ĵ SSb

(7)

RZQSDVWRUDOFLUFOHV7KH\WRRNFDUHWKDWHYHU\6XQGD\0DVVEHFHOHEUDWHG ZLWKDbVHUPRQLQWKHPRWKHUWRQJXHRIWKHIDLWKIXO0XFDQWHZURWHWKDW LQ3RODQGHYHU\RQHFRXOGĴOLYHWKHLURZQZD\ĵ7KLVILQGLQJLVRIJUHDW LPSRUWDQFHEHFDXVHLWLVDQRWKHUVRXUFHRIHYLGHQFHIRUWKHH[LVWHQFHRI DbOLYLQJWUDGLWLRQRIUHOLJLRXVIUHHGRPDQGLQ3RODQGZKLFKFRQILUPVWKH IDPRXVVD\LQJRI&DUGLQDO6WDQLVODXV+RVLXVWKDWWKH3ROLVK.LQJGRP ZDVĴDUHIXJHIRUKHUHWLFVĵ7KLVREVHUYDWLRQFRXOGDOVREHDSSOLHGWRWKH -HZVZKRDVQRWHGE\0XFDQWHHQMR\HGHFRQRPLFIUHHGRPDQGLQFRQ-WUDVWWR,WDO\DQGRWKHU(XURSHDQFRXQWULHVGLGQRWKDYHWROLYHLQVHSDUDWH VWULFWO\OLPLWHGGLVWULFWVQRUZHDUDQ\GLVWLQFWLYHPDUNLQJV+RZHYHUWKH\ GUHVVHGDbOLWWOHGLIIHUHQWO\IURPRWKHUSHRSOH0HQWHQGHGWRXVHVSHFLDO KDWVRIEODFNFORWKDQGWKHZRPHQZRUHUHGVFDUYHVDURXQGWKHLUQHFNV $V0XFDQWHZURWHWKHSDUWLFXODUO\ODUJH-HZLVKFRPPXQLW\RI.D]LPLHU] OLNHLQ,WDO\ZDVHQJDJHGPRVWO\LQVPDOOFUDIWWUDGHDQGXVXU\ 20  .UDNRZZDVQRWYHU\ELJDbFLW\EXWLWPDGHDbYHU\JRRGLPSUHVVLRQRQWKH YLVLWRUIURPWKHVRXWKRI(XURSH,WZDVWKHQDbPHWURSROLVZLWKPDQ\SDODF-HVDQGPDQVLRQVRIULFKPHUFKDQWVDbSODFHZRUWK\RIKRVWLQJGLVWLQJXLVKHG SUHODWHVIURP,WDO\7KHFLW\ZDVVXUURXQGHGE\DbGRXEOHOLQHRIZDOOVWKDWRQH FRXOGJHWDURXQGLQDQKRXU7KH'LDU\ijVDXWKRUFRXQWHGQLQHJDWHVORFDWHG DbVKRUWGLVWDQFHIURPRQHDQRWKHU7KHUHZDVDbPRDWDURXQGWKHZDOOVZKHUH ZDWHUIURPWKHQHDUE\5LYHU9LVWXODFRXOGEHGLYHUWHGLIQHHGHG+RXVHVLQ WKHFLW\ZHUHEXLOWPRVWO\RIVWRQHRUEULFN7KHURRIVKRZHYHUZHUHQRW FRYHUHGZLWKWLOHVEXWZRRGHQVKLQJOHVZKLFKRIWHQZDVWKHFDXVHRIILUHVLQ WKRVHGD\V 21 .UDNRZZDVIDPRXVIRULWVQXPHURXVDQGEHDXWLIXOFKXUFKHV 0XFDQWHYLVLWHGDQGGHVFULEHGPDQ\RIWKHP+HGHYRWHGDbORWRIVSDFHHV-SHFLDOO\WRWKHKHDGTXDUWHUVRIWKH'RPLQLFDQVDQGWKH&KXUFKRIWKH+RO\ 7ULQLW\+HLQFOXGHGDQH[WHQVLYHDFFRXQWRQWKHLQVFULSWLRQSODWHVDQGWDEOHV ORFDWHGLQWKHFKDSHORIWKHWRPERI6W+\DFLQWKRI3RODQG+LVLQWHUHVWLQ WKLVSODFHZDVSUREDEO\GXHWRWKHIDFWWKDW0XFDQWHKDGZLWQHVVHGWKHFDQR QL]DWLRQRIWKHVDLQWLQ5RPHWZR\HDUVHDUOLHURQ$SULO 22  7KHODUJHPDUNHWVTXDUHZLWKWKH&ORWK+DOOWKHWRZQKDOOZLWKLWV SULVRQDQGQXPHURXVEXLOGLQJVVHUYLQJDVZDUHKRXVHVDQGVWDOOVZLWKJRRGV GLVSOD\HGRQWKHPPDGHDbJUHDWLPSUHVVLRQRQWKH,WDOLDQVFKRODU0XFDQWH QRWHGWKDWWKH0DUNHW6TXDUHZDVODUJHUWKDQWKH3LD]]D1DYRQDLQ5RPH  -:b:RĂ,OĴ'LDULRGLYLDJJLRLQ3RORQLDĵGL*LRYDQQL3DROR0XFDQWHSSb 20 %LEOLRWHFD$SRVWROLFD9DWLFDQD%DUE/DWbIbU-:b:RĂ,WLQHUDULRLQ3RORQLDGHOGL

Giovanni Mucante cerimoniere pontificioSb

21

%LEOLRWHFD$SRVWROLFD9DWLFDQD%DUE/DWbIbY-8b1LHPFHZLF]=ELöUSDPLÚWQLNöZKL-VWRU\F]Q\FKRbGDZQHM3ROV]F]HYRObSb-:b:RĂ,WLQHUDULRLQ3RORQLDGHOGL*LRYDQQL

Mucante cerimoniere pontificioSb0b)DELDñVNL=ïRW\.UDNöZ.UDNöZSb

22 %LEOLRWHFD$SRVWROLFD9DWLFDQD%DUE/DWbIbUY-:b:RĂ,WLQHUDULRLQ3RORQLDGHO

(8)

7KHJRRGVSURGXFHGE\ORFDODUWLVDQVIXUULHUVDQGZHDYHUVZHUHRIIHUHG <RXFRXOGDOVRILQGIRRGIUXLWYHJHWDEOHVDQGNLWFKHQVSLFHV7KHUHZDVQR VKRUWDJHRIILJVUDLVLQVFKHVWQXWVOLPHVDQGRUDQJHV7KHSULFHVRIWKHVH SURGXFWVLPSRUWHGE\VHDIURP*GDQVNZHUHKLJKEXWWKHUHZHUHEX\HUV 7KHPRVWH[SHQVLYHZDVKLJKTXDOLW\ZLQHZKLFKZDVQRWSURGXFHGGR-PHVWLFDOO\DQGZDVLPSRUWHGIURPGLVWDQWSODFHV0XFDQWHDOVRPHQWLRQHG WKHVPDOOFKXUFKVWDQGLQJDOPRVWLQWKHPLGGOHRIWKH6TXDUH6W$GDO-EHUWij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bļJUDGXDWHVRIWKHXQLYHUVLWLHVRI3DGXD%RORJQDDQG5RPH  $FFRUGLQJWR0XFDQWHWKHODUJHQXPEHUVRIIRUHLJQHUVLQ.UDNRZZHUH GXHWRWKHIDFWWKDWWKHWRZQVSHRSOHRI3ROLVKQDWLRQDOLW\ZHUHPDLQO\LQ-YROYHGLQEUHZLQJEHHUDQGVSLULWVSURGXFWLRQ+HEHOLHYHGWKDWWKHORFDO QRELOLW\LQWXUQZDVLQWHUHVWHGILUVWRIDOOLQPLOLWDU\DIIDLUVVFLHQFHDQG VSLULWXDOFDUHHU7KHODWWHUJDYHZD\WRDbFDUHHUZLWKFRQVLGHUDEOHLQFRPH IURPHFFOHVLDVWLFDOEHQHILFH$V0XFDQWHFRQWLQXHGDOO3ROHVERWKOD\DQG FOHUJ\ORYHGODYLVKSDUWLHVIHDVWVDQGPHUU\OLIH7KH\ZRXOGDLPWRGHDO ZLWKLPSRUWDQWPDWWHUVEHIRUHGLQQHUVRWKDWWKH\FRXOGSUDFWLFDOO\VSHQG WKHUHVWRIWKHGD\DWWKHWDEOH WKH\HDWUHODWLYHO\OLWWOHZKLOHDWLWEXWWKH\GULQNDbORWOHDGLQJGHEDWHV MRNLQJDQGVLQJLQJXQWLOPLGQLJKWDQGVRPHWLPHVHYHQXQWLOPRUQLQJ/D- WHUWKH\JRWRWKHLUEHGVZKLFKDUHVPDOOQDUURZDQGXQFRPIRUWDEOHZKH-UHLWLVGLIILFXOWWRFKDQJHWKHSRVLWLRQ 25  0XFDQWHGLGQRWIDLOWRPHQWLRQWKHWUXPSHWFDOOIURPWKH6W0DU\ijV WRZHUZKLFKZDVSOD\HGDVLWLVWRGD\DURXQGWKHFORFNRQHYHU\IXOOKRXU 23 %LEOLRWHFD$SRVWROLFD9DWLFDQD%DUE/DWbIbYU-8b1LHPFHZLF]=ELöUSDPLÚWQLNöZ KLVWRU\F]Q\FKRbGDZQHM3ROV]F]HYRObSb-:b:RĂ,WLQHUDULRLQ3RORQLDGHOGL*LRYDQQL

Mucante cerimoniere pontificioSSb

24 %LEOLRWHFD$SRVWROLFD9DWLFDQD%DUE/DWbIbYYU

25 %LEOLRWHFD$SRVWROLFD9DWLFDQD%DUE/DWbIbYU-8b1LHPFHZLF]=ELöUSDPLÚWQLNöZ

KLVWRU\F]Q\FKRbGDZQHM3ROV]F]HYRObSb-:b:RĂ,WLQHUDULRLQ3RORQLDGHOGL*LRYDQQL

(9)

7KHH[DFWWLPHZDVLQGLFDWHGE\DbEHDXWLIXOFORFNZKLFKZDVWKHQIRXQG RQWKHWRZHU,WZDVEURXJKWEDFNDWWKHHQGRIWKHIRXUWHHQWKFHQWXU\ IURP1XUHPEHUJDQGZDVWKHSULGHDQGXQXVXDOGHFRUDWLRQRIWKH.UDNRZ FKXUFK5HIOHFWLQJRQWKHVHQVHRISOD\LQJWKHWUXPSHWFDOODWVXFKVKRUW LQWHUYDOVDURXQGWKHFORFN0XFDQWHVDLGSKLORVRSKLFDOO\WKDWLWPLJKWEH VRĴWRUHPLQGWKHUHVLGHQWVRI.UDNRZWKDWWLPHSDVVHVTXLFNO\DQGLQH[R- UDEO\ĵ+RZHYHUVRRQKHIRXQGWKDWWKHUHZDVDQRWKHUUHDVRQ7KHWUXP-SHWFDOOSOD\HGERWKE\GD\DQGQLJKWZDVPHDQWWRUHPLQGSHRSOHRIWKH QHHGWRFRQWUROILUHEXUQLQJLQWKHLUKRPHV0XFDQWHDGPLUHGWKHFXVWRP RIIOXWHSOD\HUVSDLGE\WKHFLW\ZDNLQJWKHUHVLGHQWVLQWKHPRUQLQJZKLFK ZDVXQSUHFHGHQWHG7KHSOD\HUVORFDWHGLQODUJHUTXDUWHUVRIWKHFLW\SHU-IRUPHGHYHU\GD\DWGDZQDQGLQWKHZLQWHUORQJEHIRUHGDZQ%\WKH VRXQGVRIWKLVDQDQJHOLFOLNHWKHPXVLFWKHSHRSOHRI.UDNRZĴDQGHVSH-FLDOO\&DWKROLFVĵZRNHXSGUHVVHGDQGZHQWHDFKWRWKHLUSDULVKFKXUFK WRKHDU0DVVDQGWKHQJRWRWKHLUZRUN  0XFDQWHWRRNJUHDWLQWHUHVWLQZKDWKHFRXOGVHHLQWKHORFDOPHDWPDU-NHW ,W ZDV ORFDWHG EHKLQG 6W 0DU\ij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bFDUULDJH7KHVWUHHWV ZKHUHWKHVWRQHVZHUHODLGRQO\RQWKHVLGHVZHUHWKHZRUVW7KHUHWKH PXGZDVIRXQGLQWKHPLGGOHRIDOPRVWDOO\HDUURXQG)RUWKLVUHDVRQ HYHQ&DUGLQDO&DHWDQLZDVIRUFHGWRZDONWRDQGJRWLQWRWKHFDUULDJHRQO\ ZKHQKHZDVJRLQJWRUHVWRXWVLGHRIWKHFLW\ZDOOV7KHRQO\WLPHFRQ-YHQLHQWWRQDYLJDWHWKHVWUHHWVRI.UDNRZZDVZLQWHUDQGWKHQRQO\RQ FROGGD\V8QIRUWXQDWHO\IRUWKH,WDOLDQGHOHJDWLRQDXWXPQDQGWKH  %LEOLRWHFD$SRVWROLFD9DWLFDQD%DUE/DWbIbUU-8b1LHPFHZLF]=ELöUSDPLÚWQLNöZ KLVWRU\F]Q\FKRbGDZQHM3ROV]F]H

YRObSb-:b:RĂ,WLQHUDULRLQ3RORQLDGHOGL*LRYDQ-ni Mucante cerimoYRObSb-:b:RĂ,WLQHUDULRLQ3RORQLDGHOGL*LRYDQ-niere pontificioVb



%LEOLRWHFD$SRVWROLFD9DWLFDQD%DUE/DWbIbU-8b1LHPFHZLF]=ELöUSDPLÚWQLNöZKL-VWRU\F]Q\FKRbGDZQHM3ROV]F]HYRObSb-:b:RĂ,WLQHUDULRLQ3RORQLDGHOGL*LRYDQQL

Mucante cerimoniere pontificioSSb



%LEOLRWHFD$SRVWROLFD9DWLFDQD%DUE/DWbIbY-8b1LHPFHZLF]=ELöUSDPLÚWQLNöZKL-VWRU\F]Q\FKRbGDZQHM3ROV]F]HYRObSb-:b:RĂ,WLQHUDULRLQ3RORQLDGHOGL*LRYDQQL

(10)

VXEVHTXHQWZLQWHUZDVXQXVXDOO\PLOG$V0XFDQWHZURWHWKHWHPSHUD-WXUHLQ.UDNRZUHPLQGHGKLPRIWKDWZKLFKXVXDOO\UHLJQHGDWWKLVWLPHRI WKH\HDULQ,WDO\7KHILUVWVQRZGLGQRWIDOOXQWLO1RYHPEHUDQGWKHQH[W GD\LWJRWYHU\FROG7KHZDWHUWKHQIUR]HQRWRQO\LQDOOWKHSRQGVEXWHYHQ LQWKH9LVWXOD5LYHU7R0XFDQWHijVJUHDWVXUSULVHRQHFRXOGVDIHO\ZDON RYHUWKHIUR]HQULYHU$IWHUVHYHUDOGD\VRIIURVWLWJRWZDUPDJDLQZKLFK ODVWHGXQWLO&KULVWPDV7RWKH,WDOLDQVijGLVWUHVVDIWHUDbVKRUWZLQWHUHSLVRGH DURXQG&KULVWPDVWKHZHDWKHUZDUPHGXSDJDLQLQ-DQXDU\ZKLFKWXUQHG WKHVWUHHWVRI.UDNRZDJDLQLQWRRQHELJTXDJPLUH  7KHODUJHQXPEHUVRIVWXGHQWVVWD\LQJLQWKHFLW\DQGWKHEURDGVFRSHRI WKHLUULJKWVZKLFKZDVXQSUHFHGHQWHGLQFOXGLQJHYHQDbSULYLOHJHRIOLYLQJ DWWKHH[SHQVHRIWKHFLWL]HQVWXUQHGWKHDXWKRUijVDWWHQWLRQ$VKHZURWH WKURXJKRXWWKH.LQJGRPRI3RODQGLQJHQHUDOWKHVWXGHQWVHQMR\HGH[-FHSWLRQDOIUHHGRPDQGPDQ\SULYLOHJHV0XFDQWHHVWLPDWHGWKHDJHRIWKH VWXGHQWVKHREVHUYHGLQ.UDNRZDWWR\HDUV7KH\ORRNHGSRRUZRUH WDWWHUHGFORWKHVDQGRXWVWUHWFKHGWKHLUKDQGVIRUDOPV(DFKRIWKHPKDG DbVSRRQDQGFDQWHHQDWWDFKHGZLWKDbVWULQJWRWKHLUVLGHVIRUVRXSRURWKHU IRRGRIIHUHGWRWKHPE\WKHWRZQVSHRSOH0XFDQWHZURWHWKDWKHFRXOGVHH WKHPDWHYHU\VWHSLQ.UDNRZEHFDXVHHYHQSHDVDQWVZRXOGVHQGPDQ\ ER\VWRVFKRROWROHDUQ/DWLQZKLFKRSHQHGWKHZD\IRUIXUWKHUFDUHHU 30  &DUGLQDO&DHWDQLSDUWLFLSDWHGLQGDLO\0DVVLQRQHRI.UDNRZijVFKXUFK-HV0RVWRIWHQKHYLVLWHGWKH-HVXLWVHVSHFLDOO\WRWKHFKXUFKRI6W%DUEDUD EXWDOVRWKHQRZQRQH[LVWHQWFKXUFKRI6W6WHSKHQ7KH-HVXLWQRYLWLDWH ZDVORFDWHGWKHUHDWWKHWLPH0XFDQWHQRWHGWKDWWKHFKXUFKRI6W6WHSKHQ ZDVVPDOOEXWOLNHDOO-HVXLWFKXUFKHVLWZDVEHDXWLIXOO\GHFRUDWHG$WWKH WLPHZKHQ&DUGLQDO&DHWDQLZDVLQ.UDNRZ-HVXLWVEHJDQWKHFRQVWUXFWLRQ RIWKH&KXUFKRI66b3HWHUDQG3DXOLQ*URG]NDVWUHHW0XFDQWHQRWHGWKDW WKH)DWKHUVODFNHGODQGIRUWKLVJUHDWIRXQGDWLRQZKLFKZDVDOVROLQNHGWR WKHLGHDRIFUHDWLQJDb-HVXLW&ROOHJHLQWKHUR\DOFLW\7KHb-HVXLWVDVNHG&DU- GLQDO&DHWDQLWRKHOSWKHPWRREWDLQWKHFRQVHQWRIWKH3RRU&ODUHVUHVLG-LQJDW6W$QGUHZijV&KXUFKWRVKDUHWKHSDUWRIWKHLUJDUGHQDGMDFHQWWRWKH FRQVWUXFWLRQVLWHWKDWEHORQJHGWRWKHP,WGLGQRWWDNHORQJWRDVNWKH&DU-GLQDO+HZHQWWRWKH3RRU&ODUHVijFRQYHQWDFFRPSDQLHGE\WKH%LVKRSRI .UDNRZDQGFRQYLQFHGWKHPWRJLYHXSWKHODQGWRWKH-HVXLWV 31  %LEOLRWHFD$SRVWROLFD9DWLFDQD%DUE/DWbIbU-8b1LHPFHZLF]=ELöUSDPLÚWQLNöZ KLVWRU\F]Q\FKRbGDZQHM3ROV]F]HYRObSSb 30 %LEOLRWHFD$SRVWROLFD9DWLFDQD%DUE/DWbIbUY-8b1LHPFHZLF]=ELöUSDPLÚWQLNöZ KLVWRU\F]Q\FKRbGDZQHM3ROV]F]HYRObVb 31 %LEOLRWHFD$SRVWROLFD9DWLFDQD%DUE/DWbIbU-8b1LHPFHZLF]=ELöUSDPLÚWQLNöZKL-VWRU\F]Q\FKRbGDZQHM3ROV]F]HYRObSSb

(11)

 0XFDQWH OHIW Db YHU\ LQWHUHVWLQJ DFFRXQW RI WKH FHUHPRQLDO IXQHUDO RI 4XHHQ$QQD-DJLHOORQLQ.UDNRZLQPLG1RYHPEHU,WZDVRUJDQL]HG LQWKHVW\OHRIDb6DUPDWLDQpompa funebris ZLWKWKHSDUWLFLSDWLRQRI.LQJ6L- JLVPXQGb,,,KLVFRXUWDQGDbFRXQWOHVVKRVWRIVHFXODUDQGUHOLJLRXVGLJQLWDU-LHV&DUGLQDO&DHWDQLFRQVFLRXVO\GLGQRWWDNHSDUWLQLWGHOD\LQJKLVUHWXUQ IURP:DUVDZEHFDXVHDV0XFDQWHQRWHGFDUGLQDOVFDQQRWFRQGXFWDQ\IX-QHUDOSURFHVVLRQH[FHSWDbSDSDORQH7KLVZDVDOVRZK\WKH\FRXOGQRWZHDU PRXUQLQJFRVWXPHVDQGXVHWKHEODFNFRORUV 32 &DUGLQDO(QULFR&DHWDQLZDV WKHPRVWDFWLYHLQFHOHEUDWLQJUHOLJLRXVVHUYLFHVGXULQJWKH$GYHQWDQG&KULVW- PDVSHULRGRIWKHVDPH\HDU+HVRPHWLPHVVSHQWVHYHUDOKRXUVDbGD\DW0DVV-HVDQGYHVSHUV$GYHQWGDZQ0DVVZDVWKHPRVWVROHPQDW6W%DUEDUDijVDQG LWZDVDWWHQGHGE\FURZGV+RZHYHUKHVSHQW&KULVWPDV(YHDQGWKHHQ-WLUH&KULVWPDVSHULRGDWWKH:DZHO&DWKHGUDO0XFDQWHGHVFULEHGDOOWKHVH FHOHEUDWLRQVLQGHWDLOUHIHUULQJWRDOOHOHPHQWVRIWKHOLWXUJ\+HJDYHWKHH[-DFWQXPEHURIFHOHEUDQWVGHVFULEHGWKHLUUREHVTXRWHGWKHSVDOPVUHDGDQG VXQJDVZHOODVWKHFRQWHQWRIWKHKRPLOLHV0DVVFHUHPRQLHVLQWKH:DZHO &DWKHGUDOZHUHSDUWLFXODUO\LQWHUHVWLQJRQ'HFHPEHUWKZKHQDbPLWHURI DQH[WUDRUGLQDU\EHDXW\ZDVEURXJKWIRUWKH&DUGLQDOIURPWKH&DWKHGUDO 7UHDVXU\0XFDQWHHVWLPDWHGWKDWQRWHYHQLQWKHYDXOWRIWKH3RSHijVVDFULVW\ LQ9DWLFDQFRXOGRQHILQGVXFKDbPDJQLILFHQWRQH,WZDVULFKO\GHFRUDWHGZLWK SHDUOVDQGULFKHPEURLGHU\ZLWKDbPRWLIRIZKLWHHDJOHV'XHWRLWVH[WUDRUGL-QDU\ZHLJKW&DUGLQDO&DHWDQLKDGJUHDWWURXEOHSXWWLQJLWRQKLVKHDG 33 8Q-IRUWXQDWHO\QRWKLQJPRUHLVNQRZQDERXWLW2QHFDQRQO\DVVXPHWKDWLWZDV WKHPLVVLQJPLWHURI&DUGLQDO)UHGHULFN-DJLHOORQ  ,WKDSSHQHGGXULQJWKHPHQWLRQHG0DVVWKDWWKHVHUPRQZDVSUHDFKHG LQ/DWLQE\DbVFKRODUSULHVW,WZDVYHU\ORQJDQGERULQJ$V0XFDQWHQRWHG LWFRQFHUQHGWKHDQDO\VLVRIWKHWKRXJKWRI6W7KRPDV$TXLQDVDERXWWKH GLIIHUHQFHEHWZHHQĴWKHHWHUQDO:RUGĵDQGĴWKHKXPDQ:RUGĵDQGZK\ XQERUQFKLOGLVFDOOHGĴWKH:RUGĵRQWRSRIVLPLODUWRSLFVWKDWZHUHPRUH OLNHDQDFDGHPLFOHFWXUHWKDQDb&KULVWPDVVHUPRQ,WZDVGHOLYHUHGWRWKH GLVPD\RIDOOWKRVHSUHVHQWIRUPRUHWKDQWZRKRXUVZLWKRXWUHDFWLQJWR WKHVLJQVJLYHQWRKLPE\VRPHFDQRQVVLWWLQJLQWKHQHDUE\VWDOOV,QWKH HQGWZRRIWKHPURVHDQGIRUFLEO\UHPRYHGWKHSUHDFKHUIURPWKHGHVNWRS WRWKHGHOLJKWRIDOOWKRVHDVVHPEOHGLQWKHFDWKHGUDO 34  &DUGLQDO&DHWDQLijVKHDOWKVXIIHUHGGXHWRH[FHVVLYHGXWLHVGXULQJWKH KROLGD\VHDVRQ,QWKHILUVWZHHNVRIWKHQHZ\HDUKHZDVDIIOLFWHGE\LQ-FUHDVLQJO\VWURQJDWWDFNVRIUKHXPDWLFSDLQVZKLFKPDGHVXVWDLQLQJWKH 32 %LEOLRWHFD$SRVWROLFD9DWLFDQD%DUE/DWbIbUU-8b1LHPFHZLF]=ELöUSDPLÚWQL-NöZKLVWRU\F]Q\FKRbGDZQHM3ROV]F]HYRObSSb 33 %LEOLRWHFD$SRVWROLFD9DWLFDQD%DUE/DWbIbY 34 %LEOLRWHFD$SRVWROLFD9DWLFDQD%DUE/DWbIbYU

(12)

OHYHORIDFWLYLW\LPSRVVLEOH*LRYDQQL3DROR0XFDQWHZHQWRXWDORQHWR H[SORUHWKHFLW\DQGLWVVXUURXQGLQJV2QHRIWKHPRVWLQWHUHVWLQJH[SOR- UDWLRQVWRRNSODFHRQWKHVHFRQGGD\RI(DVWHUVKRUWO\EHIRUH&DUGL-QDO&DHWDQLOHIW3RODQG0XFDQWHZHQWWKHQWR=ZLHU]\QLHFWRVHHRQHRI WKHROGHVWDQGPRVWFRORUIXOWUDGLWLRQVRI.UDNRZWKHIDPRXVEmaus,WLV SUREDEO\DbUHPQDQWRIROGPHGLHYDOP\VWHU\SOD\VUHHQDFWHGRXWVLGHWKH ZDOOVRI.UDNRZ0XFDQWHZURWHDERXWKLVWULS 2Q(DVWHU0RQGD\DIWHUGLQQHU,bZHQWWRYLVLWWKHFKXUFKZKLFKLVFDOOHG EmausZKHUHODUJHFURZGVRIERWKVH[HVDUHGUDZQ7KLVFKXUFKVWDQGV RXWVLGHWKH9LVWXOD*DWHDbODUJH,WDOLDQPLOHDZD\IURPWKHWRZQFORVHWR WKHULYHUEDQN7KHUHZHUHWKUHHFKXUFKHVWKDWLVDbJUHDWRQHGHGLFDWHGWR 6DLQW$QQHZKHUHWKHQXQVRI$XJXVWLQHUXOHKDYHDbFRQYHQWDQGZKLFK LVTXLWHEHDXWLIXOLQDGGLWLRQWRWZRRWKHUFKXUFKHVRQDbKLOOYHU\FORVHWR HDFKRWKHU2QHLVGHGLFDWHGWRWKH9LUJLQ0DU\DQGWKHRWKHUWR6W6DO-YDWRUDQGWKLVRQHLVFDOOHGWKH&KDSHORI(PPDXV7KDWGD\DOPRVWDOO \RXQJPHQDQGVWXGHQWVFDUU\VWLFNVLQWKHLUKDQGVZLWKZLOORZWZLJVWLHG RQWRSRILWDQGVWULNHWKHXJOLHUJLUOVRQWKHURDGWRWKH(PDXVVD\LQJWR WKHPCzemu nierycklo nemaus"ZKLFKPHDQVwhy did you come so late to

the Emaus"7KHUHLVDbORWRIIXQDQG\RXGRQRWVHHDQ\WKLQJPRUHWKDW

GD\DOOWKHZD\WRWKDWSODFH7KHZRPHQODXJKDWWKHVHMRNHVDQGVRPHRI WKHPFDUU\VLPLODUVWLFNVDQGVWULNHWKHPHQZLWKWKHP 35  $V,bDWWHPSWHGWRVKRZLQWKLVDUWLFOHWKH'LDU\E\*LRYDQQL3DROR0X-FDQWHLVDQH[WUHPHO\YDOXDEOHVRXUFHIRUWKHKLVWRU\RIFXOWXUHUHOLJLRXV FXVWRPVDQGHYHU\GD\OLIHLQWKH.LQJGRPRI3RODQGDWWKHHQGRIWKHWK FHQWXU\7KHDXWKRUZDVFOHDUO\EOHVVHGZLWKDbSKHQRPHQDOJLIWRIREVHUYD-WLRQDQGFXULRVLW\IRUWKHZRUOGZKLFKUHVXOWHGLQDbYHU\GHWDLOHGGHVFULSWLRQ RIWKHFRQWHPSRUDU\UHDOLW\WKDWKDVQRHTXDO7KHULFKQHVVRI.UDNRZLWV YDVWVTXDUHVEHDXWLIXOEXLOGLQJVDQGLWVPDQ\FKXUFKHVLQVSLUHG0XFDQWHijV LPDJLQDWLRQZKRQRWHGLQWKHIROORZLQJRSLQLRQLQWKH3ROLVKODQJXDJH Ĵ.LHG\E\5]\PQLHE\ï5]\PHPWHG\E\.UDNöZE\ï5]\PHPĵ>6KRXOG QRW5RPHEH5RPHWKHQ.UDNRZZRXOGEH5RPH@ ,WZDVWKHEHVWFRP-SOLPHQWDbIRUHLJQVFKRODUFRXOGSD\WRWKHIRUPHU3ROLVKFDSLWDO 35

%LEOLRWHFD$SRVWROLFD9DWLFDQD%DUE/DWbIbYU/b/HSV]\/XGZHVRïNöZZbGDZ-nej Polsce.UDNöZSb0b.ZLHFLñVND(PDXVbļWUDG\FMDNUDNRZVNLHJRSLHOJU]\PRZDQLD

Ĵ.U]\V]WRIRU\=HV]\W\1DXNRZH0X]HXP+LVWRU\F]QHJR0LDVWD.UDNRZDĵSb  %LEOLRWHFD$SRVWROLFD9DWLFDQD%DUE/DWbIbY-:b:RĂ,WLQHUDULRLQ3RORQLDGHOGL

(13)

BIBLIOGRAPHY %LEOLRWHFD$SRVWROLFD9DWLFDQD%DUE/DW &HQWUDO$UFKLYHVRI+LVWRULFDO5HFRUGV $*$':DUV]DZD PV &+$&+$-0DULDQ=DJUDQLF]QDHGXNDFMD5DG]LZLïïöZRGSRF]ÈWNX;9,GRSRïRZ\;9,,ZLH-ku:\GDZQLFWZR80&6/XEOLQ )$%,$”6.,0DUFLQ=ïRW\.UDNöZ:\GDZQLFWZR/LWHUDFNLH.UDNöZ 'LH+DXSWLQVWUXNWLRQHQ&OHPHQVij9,,,IđUGLH1XQWLHQXQG/HJDWHQDQGHQHXURSÄLVFKHQ)đUVWHQKùIHQ .-DLWQHU HG Yb1LHPH\HU7đELQJHQ ,bGXHVRJJLRUQLGHOFDUGOHJDWR(b&DHWDQLDb9DUVDYLD  QHOODĴ5HOD]LRQHĵGHOPDHVWURGLFHU-imonie Giovanni Paolo Mucante.

-:b:RĂ HG &HQWURGij,LQFRQWURGHOODFHUWRVDGL)L-UHQ]H)LUHQ]H

-$50,”6.,/HV]HNķ/D3RORQLDGLIURQWHDLWHQWDWLYLSHUXQDOHJDDQWLWXUFDVRWWR&OHPHQ-WHb9,,,ĵ2GURG]HQLHL5HIRUPDFMDZ3ROVFH

0³//(5   5DG]LZLïï -HU]\ KHUEX 7UÈE\  3ROVNL 6ïRZQLN %LRJUDILF]Q\ FROb  

1,(0&(:,&= -XOLDQ 8UV\Q  =ELöU SDPLÚWQLNöZ KLVWRU\F]Q\FK R GDZQHM 3ROV]F]H YROb  1b*OđFNVEHUJ:DUV]DZD

3$6725 /XGZLN  *HVFKLFKWH GHU 3ÄSVWH LP =HLWDOWHU GHU NDWKROLVFKHQ 5HIRUPDWLRQ XQG

5H-VWDXUDWLRQ.OHPHQV9,,,  +HUGHU b&*PEK9HUODJVEXFKKDQGOXQJ)UHLEXUJ LPb%UHLVJDX

6$6 -ö]HI  ķ6WRVXQNL SROVNRWXUHFNLH Z SLHUZV]\FK ODWDFK =\JPXQWD ,,,ĵ 3U]HJOÈG 3R-ZV]HFKQ\ 6(5('<.$-DQ.$&=252:6.,:ïRG]LPLHU]ķ6SHF\ILNDSROVNLFKFHUHPRQLDïöZGZRU-VNLFKLbNRĂFLHOQ\FKZbĂZLHWOHUHODFML*LRYDQQLHJR3DROD0XFDQWH]bODWĵ.ZDUWDOQLN +LVWRU\F]Q\ 602/$56.,0LHF]\VïDZķ3RGUöĝSU]H]3ROVNÚOHJDWDSDSLHVNLHJRZbURNXĵ3U]HJOÈG3R-ZV]HFKQ\ :2¥-DQ:ïDG\VïDZ,OĴ'LDULRGLYLDJJLRLQ3RORQLDĵGL*LRYDQQL3DROR0XFDQWHPDHVWURGL

cerimonie del cardinale legato E. Caetani$QQDOLGHOOD6FXROD1RUPDOH6XSHULRUHGL3LVD&ODVVH

GLb/HWWHUHH)LORVRILD6HULHV,,, :2¥-DQ:ïDG\VïDZķ,VWUX]LRQHDOFDUGLQDOH(QULFR&DHWDQLSHUODVXDPLVVLRQHLQ3RORQLD QHJOLDQQLĵ$QQDOLGHOOD6FXROD1RUPDOH6XSHULRUHGL3LVD&ODVVHGL/HWWHUHHb)LOR VRILD6HULHb,,, :2¥-DQ:ïDG\VïDZ,WLQHUDULRLQ3RORQLDGHOGL*LRYDQQL0XFDQWHFHULPRQLHUHSRQWLILFLR ,Ob&HQWURGL5LFHUFD5RPD

:2¥-DQ:ïDG\VïDZSanta Sede e Corona polacca nella corrispondenza di Annibale di Capua

 8QLYHUVLWÀGL7UHQWR7UHQWR

:2¥-DQ:ïDG\VïDZķ5]\PLDQLQ*LRYDQQL3DROR0XFDQWHRb3ROVFHZbNRñFX;9,ZLHNXĵ 6WXGLD½UöGïR]QDZF]H

=$’}6.,6WDQLVïDZJezuici w PolsceYRObSb'UXNDUQLD/XGRZD/ZöZ

'U KDE -DQXV] 6PRïXFKD Db KLVWRULDQ DQG FXOWXUDO VWXGLHV H[SHUW

LV Db SURIHVVRU DW WKH -HVXLW 8QLYHUVLW\ ,JQDWLDQXP LQ .UDNRZ +H LV WKHDXWKRURIDbQXPEHURISDSHUVUHODWHGWRWKHSDSDOGLSORPDF\DQG 3RODQGijVUHODWLRQVZLWKWKH+RO\6HHLQWKH0LGGOH$JHVDQGWKH(DU-O\0RGHUQSHULRG+LVUHVHDUFKLQWHUHVWVIRFXVRQWKHFXOWXUDOFKDQJHV LQ&HQWUDO(XURSHDQFRXQWULHVDQGRQWKHLUMRLQWGHIHQVHDJDLQVWWKH WKUHDWRI,VODP

(14)

Cytaty

Powiązane dokumenty

[r]

In this paper, a thin ring model is introduced to model a flexible train wheel with distributed springs acting in the radial, circumferential and rotational directions to

Encouraged by such protective framing the user enjoys immersion in the game world on a perceptual (e.g. presence), cognitive (game rule compliance), action (game behaviour),

Ta pozycja może zgłębić rozumienie Eucharystii, która bardzo bliska jest sercu ludzi wierzących. Odbiorca zachęcony tak specjali­ stycznymi rozważaniami, może

czy czarowników postrzegało siebie samych jako zdolnych do „wyczarowania z niczego” pożywienia, co mogłoby oznaczać, iż Jezus po przeposzczeniu na pustyni

Podczas przemówienia do młodych sióstr zakonnych Benedykt XVI zazna- cza, że właśnie „w obliczu relatywizmu i przeciętności rodzi się potrzeba tego radykalizmu,

Inną z cnót mistrza jest jego postawa odpowiedzialności (Olbrycht 2007, s. Chodzi tutaj głównie o  psychopedagogiczną oraz moralną odpo- wiedzialność tworzenia więzi z 

Kłócą się z  doktrynami neoliberalnego ładu politycznego, z  grupami intere- sów zbiorowego egoizmu, z  dysfunkcjonalnymi instytucjami i  organami pań- stwa, wreszcie z