I I 6 J O U R N A L O F P A P Y R O L O G Y
elected in an assembly of citizens, a ytpovala, before they o b t a i n e d the E m p e r o r ' s consent. A certain Isidores claimed t h a t the election w a s against the l a w , b u t he himself w a s u n m a s k e d as a "false accuser" as he pretended t o be an A l e x a n d r i a n c i t i z e n w h i c h w a s n o t the case as o n l y a n A l e x a n d r i a n citizen c o u l d institute an accusation in an. i n t e r n a l affair of the ηόλις. T h e accuser w a s f o u n d g u i l t y a n d punished, so it seems, by s t i g m a t i z i n g or fire-death.
H . A . S A N D E R S , A Soldier s Marriage certificate in Diploma Form. P r o c . A m . P h i l o s o p h . Soc., L X X X I ( 1 9 3 9 ) , p. 581ff.
T h i s d o c u m e n t , a papyrus f r a g m e n t f r o m the U n i v e r s i t y of M i c h i g a n , E x c a v a t i o n at K a r a n i s , is dated in the second cent. A . D . I n f o r m a n d a r r a n g e m e n t of text a n d signatures it is a p a r a l l e l to M i c h . I n v . 508-2217. T h e m a r r i a g e contract of a soldier at this early date is i m p o r t a n t for this m u c h discussed p r o b l e m since it indicates t h a t the chief object m a y w e l l have been the a t t a i n m e n t of R o m a n citizenship by the w i f e a n d c h i l d r e n u p o n the h o n o r a b l e discharge of the soldier.
T h e f r a g m e n t a r y signatures of seven witnesses seemingly R o m a n citizens, b u t w r i t t e n in G r e e k appear on the back of the d o c u m e n t .
H . I . B E L L , Registration of a chirograph of sale, P. Harr. 143, J . E . A . , X X V ( 1 9 3 9 ) , p. 52ff.
T h e p a p y r u s p r o b a b l y of the t i m e of D i o c l e t i a n , is an « μ α ρ τ ύ ρ η σ α of a c h i r o g r a p h of sale, like O x y . 1208, 1562, fortified w i t h a καθάπιρ iy Βίκψ clause. T h e f o r m u l a however, differs in some degree f r o m those in the t w o p a r a l l e l d o c u m e n t s .
S. L . W A L L A C E , Receipts for φόρος προβάτων in the papyrus collection of the University of Wisconsin. J . E . A . , X X V ( 1 9 3 9 ) , p. 62ff.
T h e receipts here published are the o n l y ones extant f r o m the second c e n t u r y A . D . in w h i c h the rent of sheep (φόρος προβάτων) is paid by the same i n d i v i d u a l in successive years. T h e p a p y r u s whose inventory n u m b e r is P . W i s c o n s i n 30, bears at least f o u r receipts for payments άπο φόρου προβάτων Μαικηνατίανης ουσίας at E u p h e m e r i a in the A r s i n o i t e n o m e in 1 5 6 / 7 or before, in 1 5 7 / 8 , 1 5 8 / 9 a n d 161 A . D . T h e papyrus is especially interest-ing, because the receipts record p a y m e n t s m a d e in the years i m m e d i a t e l y before a n d after the απογραφή προβάτων και αιγών f r o m t h e same v i l l a g e of E u p h e m e r i a a n d dated 1 5 9 / 6 0 A . D . w h i c h was published by P . M e y e r as H a m b . 34.
H . С . Y O U T I E a n d Ο . M . P E A R L , Tax Rolls from Karanis, P a r t I I T e x t a n d Indexes. M i c h i g a n P a p y r i , vol. I V , part I I , A n n A r b o r . T h e U n i v e r s i t y of M i c h i g a n Press, 1939.
S U R V E Y O F P A P Y R I " 7
W h i l e P a r t I has m a d e available the text of three l o n g rolls, P a r t I I supplements it w i t h a series of t w e n t y - f o u r f r a g m e n t s . T h e inclusion of the latter has led t o a revision of the table of the papyri, in w h i c h the chronological d i s t r i b u t i o n of the rolls a n d the f r a g m e n t s is indicated. T h e indexes a n d the classified list of t h e tax-payers, w h i c h are in effect alpha-betical ledges, a i m at completeness.
H . K O R T E N B E U T E L , Ein Kodizill eines römischen Kaisers. Berl. Inv. 8334. A b h . d. Preuss. A k a d . d. W i s s . P h i l . hist. K l . № 13, B e r l i n , 1939.
K o r t e n b e u t e l publishes an exemplar codicillorum, an i m p e r i a l letter of a p p o i n t m e n t , probably by the E m p e r o r D o m i t i a n , c o n c e r n i n g the pro-m o t i o n of the prefect L . L a b e r i u s M a x i pro-m u s t o the senatorial r a n k a n d to the r a n k of a consul suffectus (feci te [con^legam consulatus mei) cf. however, Stein, Zu dem kais. Ernennungsschreiben in P. Berl. 8 8 3 4 , A e g y p t u s X X ( 1 9 4 0 ) , p. 5 I f f .
M . R O S T O V Z E F F - B . W E L L E S , The Excavations at Dura Europas. P r e l i m i n a r y R e p o r t of the Seventh a n d E i g h t h Seasons of W o r k . N e w H a v e n : Y a l e U n i v e r s i t y Press. C h a p . X I , P a r c h m e n t s a n d P a p y r i , pp. 426-438.
O n p. 4 2 7 the a u t h o r s publish p a r c h m e n t № 4 0 w h i c h belongs t o the same year as p a r c h m e n t 21 ( c f . Arch, du droit oriental I ( 1 9 3 7 ) , p. 261-2 8 8 ) . P a r c h m e n t 40 ( 8 6 / 8 7 A . D . ) , a t r i m a r t y r o s syngraphe, is a Sialptai·; a n d contains the same provisions a n d reflects the same legal r e q u i r e m e n t s as the G r e c o - E g y p t i a n δια<'.pcai·;. L i k e the E g y p t i a n 8ιαίρ<σιτ, it consists of an identification of the c o n t r a c t i n g parties, a statement of the p r o p e r t y to be d i v i d e d , a list of the portions of each heir d r a w n by lot, certain conditions applicable to all, a n d at the end a statement of title (κνρΐίία-clause) a n d the penalties for breach of c o n t r a c t ( r e f u s i n g to abide by the s e t t l e m e n t ) . Title-guarantees are r e g u l a r l y l a c k i n g . T h e D u r a - t e x t differs o n l y in m a t t e r s affected by local practice. I t employs the " p r o t o c o l " - f o r m (δΐίίλοντο-ίκόντ«) w h i c h w a s used also in P t o l e m a i c times in E g y p t b u t w h i c h gave w a y later t o a variety of other types, most c o m m o n l y f o r the SialptaK the " h o m o l o g y . " T h e closing phrase, ϊχ(ΐ St και άντισνγγραφον, also is a D u r a peculiarity, the precise significance of w h i c h is u n k n o w n . A t the end are n a m e d the witnesses, the same t h r o u g h o u t as in P a r c h m e n t № 21, w h i c h h o w e v e r omits the t h i r d j u d g e , D a n y m i s . I n c o n f o r m i t y w i t h D u r a practice there are listed first the officials of the office w h e r e the d o c u m e n t w a s d r a w n a n d recorded, here the R o y a l c o u r t . T h e three private witnesses f o l l o w .
