SURVEY OF LITERATURE 1949-1950
361
autonomy on a reduced scale like the other politeumata in Egypt. The principal privilege granted to the Jews by the King was the right to live in accordance ivith their own Lata i. e. in accordance with the Bible. The papyri show, however, that the Jews acted in accordance with Hellenistic çoinmon law. The explanation of that may be found in the weakness of Jewish national institutions at the beginning of the Ptolemaic period. In Cli V. we find very interesting remarks on the prohibition of gvmnasium education for Jews and the Jewish struggle for civic rights which reached its climax in the reign of Gaius Caligula and ended in complete failure in the time of Claudius.
Y. TCHERIKOVER, On the History of the Jens of Fayum
dur-ing the Hellenistic Period (Magnes Anniversary Book, Contri-butions by Members of the Academic Staff of the Hebrew Uni-versity, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 1938 see also p. X X X V an English extr.).
The archives of Zenon contain several papyri in which occur the names of Jews. The study of names is important from the cul-tural point of view : the choice of names bears witness to the rapid process of adaptation of the Egvptian Jews to the conditions of life in exile ; for side by side with Hebrew names (Samuel, Ishmael, Johannes) we meet also Greek names (Alexandros, Antigonos) and even an Egyptian name (Pasis). A few names (Zibdis, Bar-gathes, Natinas, Chanunaios) testify to the Syrian origin of their bearers, but there is no evidence that they were necessarily Jews. Pap. P. Zen. 59.762 is important from the religious point of view, since in it is mentioned a Jew who obtained the Sabbath.
HENRIK ZILLIACUS, Untersuchungen zu den abstrakten
Anre-deformen und Höflichkeitstiteln im Griechischen. (Soc. Scient. Fennica, Comment. Humanarum Litterarum X V 3 [1949]). This very interesting study — preceded by a preface — inve-stigates the Greek courtesy expressions and titles. The author analyzes epic and dramatic works (p. 10—30), epistolography (p. 38 — 50), the development of the Roman formulae of address-ing persons and Roman titles (50—58), the Greek ecclesiastic epi-stolography especially in the IV cent. A. D. (58—82), letters and documents on papyri provenient from the Byzantine period (82 — 96). The jurist is interested in the attributes and formulae
3 6 2 JOURNAL OF PAPYROLOGY
u s e d w h i l e a d d r e s s i n g t h e e m p e r o r , t h e p r e f e c t , t h e iuridicus
Alexandreae, t h e praefectus castrorum a n d t h e strategus.
A L A N C H E S T E R J O H N S O N , Lucius Domitius Domitianus
Au-gustus ( r e p r . f r o m Classical Philology v o l . X L V N o . 1 1950).
T h e a u t h o r a s s e r t s t h a t D o m i t i u s c l a i m e d t h e i m p e r i a l p u r p l e s o m e t i m e b e t w e e n J u l y 23 a n d A u g u s t 29, 297 a n d e s t a b l i s h e s t h a t A c h i l l e u s a n d D o m i t i u s a r e n o t o n e a n d t h e s a m e p e r s o n a n d t h a t Achilleus w a s c o r r e c t o r (επανορθώτης) u n d e r D o m i t i u s . A p -p a r e n t l y h e h a d b e e n a -p -p o i n t e d c o r r e c t o r b y D i o c l e t i a n a n d j o i n e d D o m i t i u s w h e n h e set u p t h e s t a n d a r d of r e v o l t . I t is n o t b e y o n d t h e b o u n d s of p o s s i b i l i t y t h a t t h e r e o r g a n i s a t i o n of E g y p t w a s d e s i g n e d t o go i n t o e f f e c t on A u g u s t 30, 297 a n d t h i s m a y b e one of t h e causes of t h e r e v o l t . T h e p e c u l i a r p o s i t i o n of Alexandria ad
Aegyptum, w h i c h h a s b e e n r e s p e c t e d b y all R o m a n e m p e r o r s
hi-t h e r hi-t o , w a s hi-t h r e a hi-t e n e d in hi-t h e n e w o r d e r . I hi-t w o u l d n o l o n g e r b e t h e r e s i d e n c e of t h e p r e f e c t a n d t h e a d m i n i s t r a t i v e c e n t r e of E g y p t b u t w o u l d b e r e d u c e d p r a c t i c a l l y t o t h e s t a t u s of a n o m e c a p i t a l w i t h o u t t h e privileges a n d p r e r o g a t i v e s of f o r m e r d a y s .
J A C Q U E S S C H W A R T Z , L.. Mussius Aemilianus, préfet d'Egypte ( E x t r . d u Bull, de la Soc. Royale d'Archéologie d'Alexandrie, N o . 37, 1948). T h e a u t h o r gives u s a p o r t r a i t of L . Mussius A e m i l i a n u s , P r e f e c t of E g y p t ( 2 3 7 — 2 5 9 A : D . ) . H e w a s a good a d m i n i s t r a t o r a n d a f t e r -w a r d s a g e n e r a l l o y a l t o t h e R o m a n E m p i r e , a f a i t h f u l p a r t i s a n of M a c r i n u s a n d Q u i e t u s . H e w a s m u r d e r e d b y t h e m o r e or less sincere p a r t i s a n s of G a l i e n u s . M a c r i n u s h a d a g e n u i n e u n d e r s t a n d -i n g of t h e -i n t e r e s t s of R o m e -in t h e E a s t . A f t e r t h e d e a t h of Ma-c r i n u s , A e m i l i a n u s t r i e d t o a s s u m e his suMa-cMa-cession. H e d i e d as a viMa-c- vic-t i m n o vic-t of his a m b i vic-t i o n b u vic-t of a d v e r s e c i r c u m s vic-t a n c e s .
A D M I N I S T R A T I V E L A W
G U L A K , The Method of Collecting Roman Taxes in Palestine
(Ma-gnes Anniversary Book 9 7 — 1 0 4 , E n g l . e x t r . p . X X I ) .
I n Talmud Yerushalmi, Ketubot X , section 5 m e n t i o n is m a d e of a r e g u l a t i o n p a s s e d b y R a b b i Y e h u d a h H a n n a s i in t h e m a t t e r of t h e collection of t a x e s in P a l e s t i n e , w h i c h t h r o w s m u c h l i g h t o n t h e n a t u r e of t h e s e t a x e s . T h e r e g u l a t i o n c o n c e r n s t h r e e t a x e s : t h e annona, t h e p o l l - t a x a n d t h e anparouth, w h i c h w e r e t o b e
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