Rupinder Singh, M. Agarwa,l C. R. Kole
De part ment of Ge net ics & Plant Breed ing Allahabad Ag ri cul tural In sti tute- Deemed Uni ver sity, Allahabad 211007
DELINEATION OF EMS-INDUCED GENETIC VARIABILITY IN SOME AGRONOMIC TRAITS IN MUNGBEAN,
VIGNA RADIATA (L.) WILCZEK
(SHORT COMMUNICATION)
ABSTRACT
The in ves ti ga tion in volved treat ment of pre-soaked seeds (11h) of a mungbean cutivar, PUSA 9072 with five doses of ethyl meth ane suphonate (EMS) at 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1% for 4hr un der dark. Ob ser va tion on field grown mutagenized pop u la tion with re gard to 14 ag ro nomic char ac ters ev i denced for in duc tion of the vari abil ity in the M1 gen er a tion it self. The CV val ues of the traits for mutagenised pop u la tion were stu pen dously higher for
most of the test char ac ters to the tune of 57% cases as com pared to the untreated (control) plants.
Key words: EMS, ge netic vari abil ity, Mungbean, Vigna radiata
INTRODUCTION
Mungbean, one of the lead ing grain le gume crops of In dia, is a rich source of veg e ta ble pro tein and some es sen tial min er als and vi ta mins, pro tein con tent rang ing be tween 17.2 to 29.9% (Naik et al. 2000). Mungbean is be -lieved to be na tive of In dia and cen tral Asia, where it is be ing grown since an cient times. Orissa leads the list of mungbean grow ing states in In dia in terms of area and produation. In pro duc tiv ity Punjab ranks first (834 kg/ha) fol lowed by Uttar Pradesh (592 Kg/ha) (Prasad 2002). The av er age yield of mungbean (417 kg/ha) is much be low its po ten tial yield ceil ing. The nat u ral vari abil ity has al most been ex hausted to such a limit that fur ther im prove -ment of this crop can only be pos si ble by broad en ing its ge netic base and for this pur pose mu ta tion breed ing could play a sig nif i cance role. Amongst the muta gens used in crop im prove ment, ethyl meth ane sulphonate (EMS) has been ef fec tively used lead ing to iso la tion of a num ber of de sir able mu tant va ri et ies (Sigurbjornsson and Micke 1969). We pres ent here the use of EMS
Communicated by Henryk J. Czembor
P L A N T B R E E D I N G A N D S E E D S C I E N C E
Volume 57 2008
Rupinder Singh, M. Agarwal, C.R. Cole
De lin ea tion of EMS-in duced ge netic vari abil ity in some ag ro nomic traits in mungbean…
with a view to widen the ge netic base of vari a tion in the ma jor yield at trib ut -ing traits of mungbean from a study on the M1 gen er a tion.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The va ri ety PUSA 9072 that has been re cently in tro duced for cul ti va tion in Uttar Pradesh was used as the par ent ge no type in the pres ent study. Five doses of ethyl meth ane sulphonate (EMS) At 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1% con cen tra tion were used for treat ment of presoaked (11hr) seeds, 60 seeds for each of the doses, for 4hr un der dark. An aliquot of 60 seeds was presoaked for 11h and kept in dou ble distillated H2O for 4h to serve as con
trol. Treated seeds in clud ing the con trol were sown in the field un der com -plete ran dom ized block de sign rep li cated thrice dur ing the rabi sea son of 2002. Stud ies were made on 14 char ac ters seven re lated to du ra tion and seven at trib ut ing seed yield in the mutagenized pop u la tion (Ta ble 1). Ob ser -va tions on quan ti ta tive traits re lated to seed yield were re corded at ma tu rity.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Crit i cal study of the M1 pop u la tion in the field is per haps the best way to
study the ge netic vari abil ity in duced in the base pop u la tion. In the pres ent ex per i ment, co ef fi cient of vari a tion (CV) was en hanced due to treat ment with ethyl meth ane sulphonate (EMS) for about 57% cases (Ta ble 1). It was more ev i dent in case of the yield re lated char ac ters such as num ber of clus -ters/branch, num ber of clus ters/plant, pod length and num ber of seeds/pod. Al though in duced vari abil ity be comes strik ingly high in the M2 and sub se
-quent gen er a tions, it was sur pris ingly high in the M1 gen er a tion it self in the
pres ent study. Re ports on in duced vari abil ity in the M1 and M2 in mungbean
due to treat ment with EMS have been re ported also by Jebaraj and Merappan (1981), Chow and Loo (1988), Singh et al. (2000), Nandanwar et al. (2001). They stud ied ef fi ciency and ef fec tive ness of this mutagen on the ba sis of chlo ro phyll and other vi a ble mu tants.
In the pres ent study, there was strik ingly high change in the CV val ues as com pared to the con trol for all the 14 char ac ters stud ied. In case of days to ger mi na tion, CV val ues for 0.75% (61.37%) and 1% treat ment (55.72%) were much higher than the cor re spond ing CV value of the con trol (45.53%). Days to emer gence of trifoliate leaves did not show any CV en hance ment ex cept for mar ginal in crease at 0.5%. All the treat ment ex cept 1% showed higher CV val ues rang ing from 13.3 to 16.18% visàvis 10.98% of the con -trol for days to first flow er ing.
In creased CV val ues were ob tained for 0.1% (15.33%), 0.75% (16.20%) and 1% (12.34%) doses for days to 50% flow er ing. For days to first pod set -ting, in creased CV was ob tained for only 0.25% (16.49%) where as for days
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to 50% pod set ting and days to first ma tu rity CV was more for all the treat -ments ex cept 0.5% for 50% pod set ting. How ever, data were not avail able for 1%, as ei ther pods had dropped or had been un pro duc tive. With re gard to plant height, en hanced CV was ob served at 0.1% (26.88%), 0.25% (37.79%) and 1% (25.44%) treat ments. In case of num ber of pri mary branches, CV was in creased for all the treat ments rang ing be tween 29.44 to 61.19% as com -pared to 29.29% of the con trol. For num ber of clus ter per branch, CV value in creased for the first four treat ments rang ing from 38.13 to 45.93% as com -pared to the con trol (37.16%). For num ber of clus ter per plant, it var ied from 43.84 to 60.26% as com pared to the con trol (37.16%).
In re spect of pod length, in creased CV was ob served for the first four treat ments that var ied from 2.87 to 7.07% and the val ues were ex ceed ingly high as com pared to the con trol (1.55%) ex cept, how ever, for 1% where no pro duc tive pod set ting oc curred. No in crease in CV was ob served for num -ber of pods per plant. CV for seed num -ber was en hanced only at the lower two doses that var ies from 6.01 to 8.72% as com pared to the con trol (5.42%). Khan (1989) and Singh et al. (2000) also re ported such types of in -duced vari a tion in mungbean by EMS in the M2 gen er a tion. The phys i o log i
-cal du ra tion from ger mi na tion to pod ma tu rity are known to af fect seed yield. A broad ened base of ge netic vari a tion in such char ac ters could be help ful in se lec tion of mu tants yield ing high or suit able for de sir able crop ro ta tions. Char ac ters in clud ing plant height, num ber of pri mary branches, num ber of clus ter/branch, num ber of clus ter/plant, num ber of pods/plant and num ber of seeds/pod are well known con trib ut ing traits. In duced vari a -tion in these veg e ta tive and re pro duc tive char ac ters could pave the way for se lec tion of mu tants for fur ther stud ies to se lect high yield ing ge no types.
REFERENCES
Jebaraj S., Merappan P.V.C. 1981. Mutagenic ef fec tive ness and ef fi ciency of gamma rays and ethyl meth -ane sulphonate in green gram (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek.). Ma dras Agric. J 68 (10): 631-637 Chow K.H., Loo E.H. 1988. Mu ta tion Breed ing in mungbean by us ing EMS. In: (eds. Shanmugasundaram
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Singh G.R., Sareen P.K. Sa ha ran R.P. 2000. In duced chlo ro phyll and mor pho log i cal mu ta tions in mungbean. In dian J. Genet. 60 (3): 391 – 393
Nandanwar R.S., Patil A.N., Wakode M.M. 2001. Mutagenic ef fec tive ness and ef fi ciency of gamma rays, ethyl meth ane sulphonate and hydroxylamine in mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) in M2 gen er a -tion. J of Soils Crops 11 (2): 223 – 225
Prasad R. 2002. A Text book of Field Crop Pro duc tion, ICAR, New Delhi, pp. 257-258
Khan I.A. 1989. Stud ies on pat tern of in duced mu ta bil ity in mungbean. Ban gla desh J of Agric. Res.14 (2): 15 - 18
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