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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE. Th e European labour law young scholars’ section
(Stefano Bellomo, José María Miranda Boto) . . . 9
INTRODUCTION (Maciej Łaga, Nicola Gundt) . . . 17
CHAPTER 1. Employee-like worker: Competitive entrepreneur or submissive employee? Refl ections on CJEU, C-413/13, FNV Kunsten Informatie (Eva Grosheide, Beryl ter Haar) . . . 21
1. Introduction . . . 21
2. Employee-like worker . . . 23
3. Case C-413/13 and the ruling of the Gerechtshof ‘s-Gravenhage . . . 25
4. Refl ections on the notion of (false) self-employed . . . 32
5. Refl ection of the meaning of the CJEU ruling for the Netherlands (conclusions) . . . 39
CHAPTER 2. Statutory minimum wage and subordination. FNV Kunsten Informatie judgment and beyond (CJEU, C-413/13) (Massimiliano Delfi no) . . . 41
1. Two cases, one soul. FNV Kunsten Informatie, Consiglio nazionale dei geologi and the issue of statutory minimum wage . . . 41
2. Th e FNV Kunsten Informatie judgment and recent Italian legislation on ‘hetero-organized’ employment relationships . . . 44
3. Th e problem of ‘true’ self-employed service providers. What is the infl uence of EU case law on the Italian legal order? . . . 47
CHAPTER 3. Th e ‘Fonnship’ judgment or the curious incident of the dog in the night-time (CJEU, C-83/13) (Yolanda Maneiro Vázquez, José María Miranda Boto) . . . 49
1. Introduction: Trouble for social Europe arrives by boat . . . 49
2. Working on board and the freedom to provide services: Th e legitimation of fl ags of convenience . . . 50
3. Th e limits of the preliminary ruling . . . 54
4. Was there any hope for a revision of Laval? . . . 56
5. A small conclusion . . . 59
6 Table of contents CHAPTER 4. Less favourable treatment of fi xed-term workers
(CJEU, C-38/13) (Justyna Świątek-Rudoman, Jakub Szmit) . . . 61
1. Judgment C-38/13 . . . 61
2. Fixed-term employment contracts in Poland . . . 65
3. Th e amendment of the Polish Labour Code . . . 67
4. Conclusions . . . 72
CHAPTER 5. Th e impact of part-time work on the principle of equality in employment (CJEU, C-527/13) (Emma Rodríguez Rodríguez) . . . 75
1. Introduction . . . 75
2. Th e principle of equality for men and women in matters of social security: Th e contribution gaps in part-time work . . . 76
3. Conclusions . . . 81
CHAPTER 6. Th e eventful journey of reviewing agency work restrictions (CJEU, C 533/13) (Felicia Roşioru, Gábor Kártyás) . . . 83
1. Introduction . . . 83
2. Th e scope of the obligation arising from Article 4(1) of Directive 2008/104/EC . . . 85
3. Th e place of Article 4(1) in the philosophy and structure of the Directive on temporary agency work. Th e Directive’s double aim . . . . 88
4. Th e context. Existing restrictions and their justifi cation . . . 92
5. Th e long journey of the obligation to review prohibitions or restrictions on the use of agency work has come to an end? . . . 95
6. Aft ermath of the decision . . . 97
CHAPTER 7. Freedom of establishment and docker regulatory system: A diffi cult balance (CJEU, C-576/13) (Maria Isabel Ribes Moreno) . . . 101
1. Introduction . . . 101
2. Th e dockers legal regime in Spain . . . 102
3. Judgment of 11 September 2014, Spain vs Commission, C-576/13, EU:C:2014:2430 . . . 106
4. Is the Spanish regulatory system contrary to international and European law? . . . 109
5. Conclusions . . . 111
CHAPTER 8. Atypical work meets typical social security: Do we have to rethink the co-ordination of social security? (CJEU, C-382/13, Franzen e.a. vs Sociale verzekeringsbank) (Nicola Gundt, Daniel Pérez-del Prado) . . . 113
1. Th e case . . . 113
2. Problems of the lex loci laboris rule . . . 116
7 Table of contents
3. Th e perspective of the ‘non-competent’ state . . . 122
4. Concluding remarks . . . 130
CHAPTER 9. Brincat and others vs Malta: Occupational health and safety under the guise of the rights to life and to respect for private and family life (ECHR, 60908/11, 62110/11, 62129/11, 62312/11 and 62338/11) (Ana Cristina Ribeiro Costa) . . . 133
1. Introduction: Background to the case . . . 133
2. Remarks on a remarkable case . . . 135
3. Conclusion: Expansions and approaches . . . 142
CHAPTER 10. Social media in the workplace (Bărbulescu vs Romania, ECHR, 61496/08) (Martin Štefk o) . . . 145
1. Introduction . . . 145
2. Constitutional framework . . . 147
3. Labour codes . . . 149
4. Civil codes and public data protection laws . . . 150
5. Th e statutory duty to work . . . 150
6. Monitoring personal Internet use . . . 152
7. Conclusion . . . 155
CHAPTER 11. Whistleblowing and the case of Heinisch vs Germany (ECHR, 28274/08): Th e Polish and Portuguese perspectives (David Carvalho Martins, Maciej Łaga) . . . 157
1. Introduction . . . 157
2. Th e case . . . 159
3. Th e answer from the ECHR . . . 162
4. International and European law . . . 165
5. National laws: Poland . . . 170
6. National laws: Portugal . . . 174
7. Conclusions . . . 177
CHAPTER 12. Changes in working time arrangements and the right to paid annual leave (Judgment of 11 November 2015, Greenfi eld, C-219/14, EU:C:2015:745) (Helena Ysàs Molinero, David Gutiérrez Colominas) . . . 179
1. Background: Th e court’s previous judgments on paid annual leave . . . 179
2. Th e pro rata temporis principle in the context of paid annual leave . . . 185
3. Impact of the court’s judgement on the Spanish legal system . . . 190
LIST OF AUTHORS . . . 195
