Measurements on
a refrigeration system
under the ICMOS-CRP program
Report OEMO 95/24
R.F. van Kuilenburg
Delft / Den Haag / Zoetermeer
august 1995
TU Delft
Delft University of Technology
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Marine Technology
Department of Marine Technology
van Buuren -van Swaay
Van Buuren - Van Swaay
Zoetermeer
INTRODUCTION
3
REFRIGERATION PROCESS
4
2.1 GENERAL WORKLNG OF A REFRIGERATION SYSTEM
4
2.2
A
SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE USED REFRIGERATION
SYSTEM
3 PLACEMENT OF SENSORS AND SENSOR INFORMATION
8
3.1
SENSOR LOCATIONS
83.2 SENSOR PARAMETERS, SPECIFICATIONS AND DATATRANSFORMATION
84. MEASUREMENT PROGRAM
15
4.1
CHOICE
OF
WORKING CONDITIONS AND FAULTS
is
4.2 LOCATION OF THE DIFFERENT BYPASS PIPING AND VALVES
165 ACTUAL MEASUREMENTS
18
5.1 POSTPROCESSING OF THE MEASURED DATA
185.1.1 Pressure measurements
18
5.1.2 Temperature measurements
18
5.1.3 ( 'alculation of the .freon.flow
19
5.1.4 Measured/au/is
20
5.2 MEASUREMENTS ON 21-06-1995
5.2 MEASUREMENTS
ON
22-06-1995
5.2 MEASUREMENTS
ON
23-06-1995
43
5.2 MEASUREMENTS ON 26-06-1995
54
5.2 MEASUREMENTS ON 27-06-1995
65
5.2 MEASUREMENTS ON 28-06-1995
76
5.2 MEASUREMENTS ON 29-06-1995
87
APPENDICES
98
PROPERTIES
OF
FREONEQUIPMENT SETTINGS
LOGBOOK
ORGANISATION
OF
FILES AND
DISKS
pag i
104.f"
TU Delft
measurements on a refrigeration system
004.,
TU Delft
Subscripts
discharge (in combination with compressor variables)
env
environmental variable
inlet, interior dimension
mass
o
outlet
suction (in combination with compressor variables
sub
subcooling
sup
superheat
compressor
chw
chilled water (cold water)
cond
condensor
crk
crank
crkc
crankcase
cw
cooling water
cyl
cylinder
cylw
cylinderwall
fd
filter/drier element
oil
oil
Pi
piping
pist
piston
refrigerant
tu
tube
ev
evaporator
exp
expansion valve
Indices
(I)flow
in
, kg/s
p
pressure
N/m2
P
power
W
T
temperature (abs)
K
t
temperature (rel)
°C
measurements on a refrigeration system
van Buuren -van Swaay0*,
TU Delft
1.
Introduction
This measurement report is the second result of a measurement program, done under the ICMOS- CRP
research programl of the faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Maritime Technology, Technical
University of Delft.
The measurements were done on a refrigeration system located at Van Buuren
- Van Swaay b.v.
Zoetermeer. The goal of the measurement program is twofold. The first goal is to provide data for
tuning and validating the mathematical model of a refrigeration system developed by Grimmelius. The
second goal is to provide trainings and testing data for a diagnosis system build by van Kuilenburg and
Grimmelius. To capture the whole working range of the refrigeration system, all the faults
are
introduced at four different working points of the refrigeration system. These four points span the entire
working range of the refigeration system.
In
this report only the measurements are presented, in
a graphical way. No attempt will be made to
explain the different symptoms and system behaviour. In the second chapter, a short description of the
refrigeration process and real refrigeration system is given. The third chapter describes the measurement
equipment such as sensors and processing equipment. The following seven chapters gives the data
grouped per meausument day. The last chapters give the measurements of each introduced fault
individually.
The different partners in this project are Van Buuren - Van Swaay and the TU-Delft2
The measurements were done by R.F. van Kuilenburg and H.T. Grimmelius.
I wish to thank the following people for their assistance and help during the measurements :
H.T. Grimmelius
,TU-Delft
G. Been,
Van Buuren - Van Swaay
M. van Willigen,
Van Buuren - Van Swaay
R. Houtenbos,
Van Buuren - Van Swaay
measurements on a refrigeration system
van Buuren -van SwaayRobert van Kuilenburg
03-08-1995
ICMOS - CRP = Intelligent Control and Monitoring Systems - Compressor Refrigeration System
2 TU-Delft
= Technical University of Delft
0*i
TU Delft
measurements on a refrigeration system
2.
Refrigeration process
In this chapter the theoretical basis is treated of the refrigeration process. Also the real refrigeration
system layout is given together with the data of the different parts of the refrigeration system
2.1.
General working of a refrigeration system
A refrigeration plant has the following basic system scheme and basic components
"1;'W
1
figure 2-1, basic scheme of a refrigeration
system
The whole purpose of a refrigeration system is to transport energy(Q2) from a relative low temperature
level to a relative high temperature level (Q1). The compressor (1) compresses the freon which comes
from the evaporator (4). To compress the freon an amount of energy is needed (W), this energy causes
an increase of the enthalpy of the freon. At this high pressure the (still) gaseous freon is condensed in
the condensor, releasing energy (Q1) to a cooling medium at a relatively high temperature level. Now
the pressure of the freon is adiabatically decreased in the choking device (3). At this low pressure the
freon is evaporated in the evaporator (4) at a relatively low temperature level. The transportation of this
energy costs energy due to mechanical losses in the various components and thermodynamic losses.
Compressor
Condensor
Choking device
Evaporator
TU Delft
measurements on a refrigeration system
It is custom to plot the process in a log(p) - h diagram of the refrigerant fluid
QI
figure 2-2, refrigeration process plotted in a schematic log(p) - lz diagram of
freon-22
In this diagram the coexistent area of the cooling medium is drawn. After compression (1) the gas is
superheated. In the condensor (2) the gas is first cooled to a saturated gas and then condensed to liquid.
Often the temperature (energy) of the gas is lowered beyond the point where just all the gas has become
liquid. This is done to prevent the liquefied gas to evaporate before it reaches the evaporator due to
pressure losses in the pipes or height differences. This is called "under-cooling" of the gas. After the
choking-valve the gas is evaporated (4). The temperature of the gas is more increased then absolutely
necessary, to ensure that only gas reaches the compressor. If liquid reaches the compressor, the
compressor can brake down (liquid is hard to compress). The extra temperature increase of the gas is
called "super-heating''.
A log(p) - h diagram of R22 (freon)
is
given in appendix A
2.2.
A short description of the used refrigeration system3
The installation is a cold water maker, used for cooling the research rooms at Van Buuren - Van Swaay.
For this investigation the system is coupled to a reheater, in order to simulate the desired workloads for
the refrigeration system. The installation is filled with freon R22, with a lowest temperature of -1 °C.
This implies that the pressure in the installation is at least 4.5 bar (abs). The condensor is cooled with
normal water, of which the flow can be controlled by a valve.
3 See for a detailed description of the refrigeration system : van der Heiden. OEMO 94/12
van Buuren-vanSwaay
pag 5
Installation specifications :
Electrical power
: 14 kW
Cooling capacity
:80 kW
Coldwater temp
: 3.5 - 9 °C
Cooling water temp
: 20 - 35 °C
TU Delft
coldwater
measurements on a refrigeration system
3
fifilter
(empty)a
evaporator compressor control measurements spy-glass filter/dryer expansion valvefigure 2.3 real refrigeration system, used for zenerating the data
condensor
van Buuren -van Swaay
cooling water
<
TU Delft
measurements on a refrigeration system
==1
goitr
T U Delft
measurements on a refrigeration system
3.
Placement of sensors and sensor information
In this chapter the location and specifications of the sensors is given. Information about data processing
equipment and the transformation of the data is given.
3.1.
Sensor locations
The sensors are placed according to figure 3.1. These locations are similar with the actual placement of
the sensors on the system.
1ST
\ J19)P6
P2
figure 3-1, placement of the sensors on the refrigeration system
3.2.
Sensor parameters, specifications and datatransformation
In the following tables, the specifications and parameters of the used sensors are given. The
transformation of the signal in the dataloggers (if used) can also be found in this tables. The signals are
collected in two different dataloggers (due to some practical problems, two are used). The NETDAQ
2645A and the HYDRA 2625A, both manufactered by Fluke. For more details about the dataloggers
see appendix B. In figure 3.2 the path is visualised, the signals follow before they are saved on disk.
PS
61.N,
pag 8
synchronisation puts sensors netdaq saving computerl datatranstormation visualisation trIggerpuis
...
.. saving computer 2 datahonstorrnation visualisation hydra sensorsfigure 3-2, signal path from sensor to disk
The two dataloggers are coupled by means of a synchronisation puls generated in the Hydra. The
sample interval is 9 sec. A external synchronisation puls is used for creating a common signal on both
loggers. This synchronisation signal is used in two ways. It is used in combining the two separate
datafiles into one and it marks the beginning and end of a fault simulation.
The software of the NETDAQ is running under the standard Windows interface. For the control of the
Hydra a custom program is used developed at Van Buren van Swaay. This program runs under
CONCURRENT DOS.
pag 9
Sensor
PI
Parameter
NH , Oilpressure
Description
Compressor oilpressure, 1-pipe and schrader
in + pipe oilpressure safety
Sensortype
E&H Cerabar PMC 133
0/16 bar : 24V DC
Signal
4-20 mA
Datalogger
Netdaq 2645A (Fluke)
Channel number
101Data transformation
Remarks
Sensor
P2
Parameter
pc; , Suction pressure
Description
Suction pressure compressor, 1/4" flare
schrader on surface suction pipe closing valve
Sensortype
B&H 10 bar
Signal
0-10 V
Datalogger
Netdaq 2645A (Fluke)
Channel number
106
Data transformation
-Remarks
skr
TU Delft
measurements on a refrigeration system
=1=02
p4,,
0
Sensor
P3
Parameter
pm , discharge pressure compressor
Description
Compressor discharge pressure, 1/4" flare
schrader on surface outlet pipe closing valve
Sensortype
E&H Cerabar PMC 133
0/20 bar ; 24V DC
Signal
4-20 mA
Datalogger
Netdaq 2645A (Fluke)
Channel number
103
Data transformation
-Remarks
-Sensor
P4
Parameter
Pcondo , pressure after condensor
Description
Condensor liquid out 1-piece and schrader on
connection for the water control valve
Sensortvpe
B&H 20 bar
Signal
0- WV
Datalogger
Netdaq 2645A (Fluke)
Channel number
107
Data transformation
Remarks
-Sensor
P.5Parameter
, pressure before expansion valve
Description
Liquid before expansion valve, additional 1/4"
Hare schrader on liquid pipe
Sensortype
B&H 20 bar
Signal
0- 10 V
Datalogger
Netdaq 2645A (Fluke)
Channel number
105
Data transformation
Remarks
Sensor
P6
Parameter
pevi , pressure before evaporator
Description
Inletpressure evaporator, additional 1/4" flare
schriider on pipe
Sensor-type
B&H 10 bar
Signal
0- 1() V
Datalogger
Netdaq 2645A (Fluke)
Channel number
104
Data transformation
goi
TU Delft
measurements on a refrigeration system
van Buuren -van Swaaypag 1
ISensor
Parameter
pcd , carterpressure
Description
Caterpressure, T-pipe and schriideron
connection of oilpressure safety
Sensortype
E&H Cerabar PMC 133
0- 16 bar ; 24V DC
Signal
4 -
20 mA
1Datalogger
Netdaq 2645A (Fluke)
Channel number
102
Data transformation
Remarks
-Sensor
TO
Parameter
, room temperature
Description
Roomtemperature
Sensortype
Cu - Const insertion sensor (1.5 mm)
Signal
TK
Datalogger
Hydra 2625A (Fluke)
Channel number
5Data transformation
function = Type T thermocouple
Remarks
Sensor
TI
Parameter
t0,1, oil temperature
Description
Oil temperature carter, tight coupling on relief
valve
Sensortype
Cu - Const insertion sensor (1.5 mm)
Signal
TK
Datalogger
Hydra 2625A (Fluke)
Channel number
6
Data transformation
function = Type T thermocouple
Remarks.
Sensor
T)
Parameter
tc;, suction temperature (freon) compressor
Description
Suction temperature freon gas, tight coupling
on plate burn out filter
Sensortype
Cu -
Const insertion sensor (1.5 mm)
Signal
TK
Datalogger
Hydra 2625A (Fluke)
Channel number
7Data transformation
function = Type T thermocouple
-pktr
TU Delft
measurements on a refrigeration system
van Buuren -van Swaay'ag 12
Sensor
T3
Parameter
trd , outlet temperature (freon) compressor
Description
Outlet temperature, surface sensore on pipe
Sensortype
NiCr - Ni surface sensor
Signal
TK
Datalogger
Hydra 2625A (Fluke)
Channel number
8Data transformation
function = Type K thermocouple
Remarks
-Sensor
T4
Parameter
tam& , temperature freon after condensor
Description
Liquid temperature after condensor, surface
sensor on pipe
Sensortype
NiCr - Ni surface sensor
Signal
TK
Datalogger
Hydra 2625A (Fluke)
9
Channel number
Data transformation
function = Type K Thermocouple
Remarks
-Sensor
T5
Parameter
t,pi , temperature freon before expansion valve
Description
Liquid temperature before expansion valve,
1
surface sensor on pipe
Sensortype
NiCr - Ni surface sensor
Signal
TK
Datalogger
Hydra 2625A (Fluke)
Channel number
10Data transformation
function = Type K thermocouple
iernarks
' Sensor
T6
Parameter
t; , temperature freon before evaporator
Description
Liquid - Gas temperature at the entrance of
evaporator
Sensortype
NiCr - Ni surface sensor
Signal
TK
Datalogger
Hydra 2625A (Fluke)
Channel number
15Data transformation
function = Type K thermocouple
Remarks
TU Delft
measurements on a refrigeration system
CI=
pag, 13
Sensor
17
Parameter
takc , temperature inside carter
Description
Cartertemperature, tight coupling on blind nut
carter
Sensortype
Cu - Const insertion sensor (1.5 ram)
Signal
TK
Datalogger
Hydra 2625A (Fluke)
Channel number
16
Data transformation
function = Type T thermocouple
Remarks
Sensor
T8
Parameter
te,,,i, inlet temperature cooling water
Description
Inlet temperature cooling water
Sensonve
PT -
100 insertion sensor
Signal
P1100
Datalogger
Hydra 2625A (Fluke)
Channel number
1Data transformation
function = 4 terminal RID , RTD RO = 100
Remarks
Sensor
T9
Parameter
t,,,, outlet temperature cooling water
Description
Cool ingwater outlet temperature
Sensortype
PT -
100 insertion sensor
Signal
PT100
Datalogger
Hydra 2625A (Fluke)
Channel number
2
Data transformation
function = 4 terminal RTD, RTD RO = 100
Remarks
-Sensor
110
Parameter
tow; , inlet temperature cold water
Description
Coldwater inlet temperature
Sensortype
PT -
100 insertion sensor + F25
Signal
RS 232
Datalogger
Hydra 2625A (Fluke)
Channel number
3Data transformation
function = 4 terminal RID, RID RO = 100
Remarks
Sensor
T11
Parameter
tchw, . outletlet temperature cold water
Description
Coldwater inlet temperature
Sensortype
PT -
100 insertion sensor + F25
Signal
RS 232
Datalogger
Hydra 2625A (Fluke)
Channel number
4
Data transformation
function = 4 terminal RTD, RTD RO = 100
T U Delft
measurements on a refrigeration system
CM=
pag 14
Sensor
Fl
Parameter
(1), , flow freon
Description
Flow freon (R22). Venturi in elongolated pipe.
Valve after venturi !
Sensortype
Tekflo venturi VN20 + AP transmitter
range 0-3 mwk
Signal
0 -
20 rriA
Datalogger
Netdaq 2645A (Fluke)
Channel number
108
Data transformation
Remarks
Sensor
F2
Parameter
flow cooling water
Description
Flow cooling water, E&H Discomag in pipe
Sensorpe
E&H Discomag
range 0 - 6 m3/h
Signal
4 -
20 mA
Datalogger
Hydra 2625A (Fluke)
Channel number
17Data transformation
function = VDC 300 mV Range
Scale Factor = 0.0375
Offset = -1.5
Remarks
Sensor
F3
Parameter
kn. , flow cold water
Description
Flow cold water, F&P in workload simulator
Sensortype
F&P
range 0 - 30 m3/h
Signal
4 -
20 mA
Datalogger
Hydra 2625A (Fluke)
Channel number
18
Data transformation
function = VDC 300 mV Range
Scale Factor = 0.0001875
Offset = -0.0075, data signal * 1000 in comp
Remarks
Sensor
El
Parameter
Pe. ,
compressor electrical power
Electrical power compressor engine
Electrical wiring on power net
Description
Sensortype
power sensor
0 - 100 kW
Signal
0- 100 mA
Datalogger
Netdaq 2645A (Fluke)
Channel number
109
Data transformation
okk
TU Delft
measurements on a refrigeration system
4.
Measurement program
In this chapter the measurement program is explained
4.1.
Choice of conditions and faults
The aim of the measurement program is to cover as much as possible the whole working range.' of the
refrigeration system while introducing the different faults. Therefore the choice has been made to
introduce the faults at four different working points of the system. These working points are chosen
such that most of the working range of the compressor is covered. The following conditions have been
chosen
4 for detailed measurents over the whole working range, see van der Heiden OEMO 94/12
5 A,B.C,D = working point of system, 1..40 is a unique measurement number
In table 4.2 the different simulated faults are given. These faults could easely introduced, with only
simple modifications on the refrigeration system.
pag 15
Code
T,
Teond Peonil (1)rnew CDehw Tchnelicw TevichwA
3°C
40°C
15.32 bar
2.02 in A
11.1 rn3/h
13.1 °C
11.8 °C
B
9 °C
40 °C
15.32 bar
2.60 m3/h
11.2 m A
13.2 °C
20.5 °C
C
9°C
45 "C
17.30 bar
2.02 m3/h
11.2 m3/h
13.3 °C
19.2°C
D
3°C
45°C
17.20bar
1.62 m3/h
11.2 m3/h
13.5°C
11.0°C
fault number Place
Fault
Action
Code5
Compressor
1suction side
increased resistance
suction line valve
Al, B18
C28, D12
2
discharge side
increased resistance
discharge line
valve
A2, B19
C29, D13
3
power main
one phase
disconnected
removal of one
phase
B44
Condensor
4
water side
too much cooling
water
water supply
A3, B20
C33, D14
5
water side
too little cooling
water
water supply
A40, B21
C34, D15
Liquid line
Expansion valve
6
liquid line
increased resistance
liquid line valve
A5, B22
C32. D37
7
valve
no pressure
correction
close press. con.
line
A41, B26
C36, DIO
8
valve
stuck
open bypass
valve
A8, B25
C35, D39
Evaporator
9
refrigerant side
leakage over
evaporator
by-pass
A7, B24
C31, DII
10
water side
increased resistance
water contol
valve
A6, B23
C30, D38
ckf,,
TU Delft
measurements on a refrigeration system
4.2.
Location of the different bypass piping and valves
In figure 4.1 the location of the different valves which are used to simulate the different faults is given.
The dotted lines give the extra valves and piping which are installed to simulate several faults. These are
not part of the original refrigeration system, but are specially installed for this measurement program.
The code of each location corresponds with the numbers given in table 4.2. The automatic flow control
of the cooling water has been shut off during the measurents.
F 10
Dip
F 8 F 9X*
0
figure 4-1 locations where the different faults are introduced
0
X
disconnected
TU Delft
measurements on a refrigeration system
van Buuren-van SwaayOlt(
TU Delft
measurements on a refrigeration system
5.
Actual measurements
In this chapter (which is the main body of the report) the actual results of the measurements are given.
First general data is given such as initial values, correcttion factors and the formulas used in the
calculations. After this the measurents are given in a graphical way (looking at 10,000 numbers can be
very boring).
5.1.
Post processing of the measured data
5.1.1.
Pressure measurements
When a refrigeraton system has been opened, the system must be tested afterwards for leaks. This
system has been tested at a pressure of 10 bar for about 24 hours. It is clear that all pressure sensors
must give a reading of 10 bar when the system is tested. This procedure of testing gives a handy tool for
checking the pressure sensors. In table 5.1
the actual readings are given of the sensors and the
correction factors derived from it. These correction factors ensure that all the sensors give the same
relative reading.
5.1.2.
Temperature measurements
For this experiment these are not extra calibrated.
van Buuren -van Swaay
pag 18
Channel
Parameter
Value at testing
Correction
factor
Value at testing 0 bar
101
Oilpressure compressor
9.96 bar
+0.04 bar
0.04
102
Carter pressure
9.89 bar
+0.11 bar
-0.03
103
Outlet pressure compressor
9.99 bar
+0.01 bar
-0.03
104
Pressure before evaporator
9.95 bar
+0.05 bar
-310'3
105
Pressure before expansion valve
9.95 bar
+0.05 bar
210
106
Suction pressure compressor
9.89 bar
+0.11 bar
1iO3
se '`,1
TU Delft
5.1.3.
Calculation of the freon flow
The freon flow through the system is measured by a venturi in the connection between the condensor
and the expansion valve. The venturi transforms the velocity of
theLwata
to a pressure difference. This
pressure difference can be measured and transformed in a velocity of the freon. The venturi has been
calibrated with water and must be re-calculated for the use of freon.
According to Bemoulli6 the following relation is valid
CI)freon CD
treon =
VI
2Amin
2A
11111Xmeasurements on a refrigeration system
-pf(PI P2)
VP!
P 2 freonkgis
figure 5-1, venturi
Finally the following formula emerges for calculating the freon flow :
42.75
3
0
For the calculation of the specific mass of freon the following formula is used :
Pr P,
van Buurcn -van Swaay
The pressure signal has a bias, this bias is calculated by looking at the signal while the installation is not
runnin
.Warning : In many cases the flow measurement is very inaccurate because of the occurence of bubbles
in the fluid. These bubbles ruin the flow measurement. The occurence of bubbles is given in the
meaurements.
6 for more information see : Stroming en Warmteoverdracht I. Ir. H. Leidens, TU-Delft
pag 19
Channel
Parameter
Value at testing
Correction factor
108
mass flow freon
-0.73188
0.71388
log(l / p)= 130 +13, log(p)+ (321)+1311)3
130=
3.11554
13=
10
2
132= 3.1469 10
TU Delft
For the calculation of the constant in the formula the following method is used.
The enthapy of the freon at the outlet of the condensor and the enthapy at the outlet of the evaporator
are compared with each other. This gives a increase of enthalpy of the freon per kg over the evaporator.
Also the decrease of the enthalpy of the cold water is calculated over the evaporator. Since the
flow
of
the cold water is known, the flow of the freon can be easly calculated from a energy balance over the
evaporator.
This is done for four different points.
corr_ factor =
Ire'
3600
VAPJ
5.1.4.
Measurement faults
A wrong measured signal wiil be given the value
of -1
measurements on a refrigeration system
pug 20
Measurement number
day 23-06-1995
A tch,
°C
Och,
ml/h
Pwalerkg/m3
Specific heat water
kJ/kg
Cooling power
kJ/s
100
3.6
11.1
998
4.18
46.3052
200
4
11.2
998
4.18
51.9137
700
4.8
11.2
998
4.18
62.2964
850
3.2
11.2
998
4.18
41.5309
Measurment
number
peowo
bar
tcon,k,°C
Peibar
tn°C
1-1,do
kJ/kg
FIcikJ/kg
Flow freon
kg/s
corr
factor
100
15.50
38.90
5.46
11.20
248.58
411.57
0.284
42.539
200
15.83
39.50
5.75
14.50
250.12
414.72
0.315
44.944
700
17.28
43.30
6.71
19.20
254.69
416.63
0.384
46.176
850
17.41
42.40
5.66
11.90
254.48
413.05
0.261
38.779
ttr
T U Delft
5.2.
Measurements on 21 - 06 - 1995
measurements on a refrigeration system
For detailed information about the measurements on day 21-06-1995 see appendix C
row numers are the row number in the excel sheet, not the row numbers of the ascii files !
van Buuren -van Swaay
pag 2 I
a
Filenames
dag21.xls
Excel 5.0 worksheet
dag21.txt
Ascii (spaces as delimiters)
Begin time
10:28:49
End time
15:59:52
Number of
measurements
2209
Measured faults
Al (11:59 until 13:40)
608- 1281
Compressor suction side, increased resistance
A2 (14:00 until 14:40)
1414- 1681
Compressor discharge side, increased
resistance
A3 (14:59 until 15:45)
1808 - 2115
r, CD
15
14
100
14
0
time Hydra
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
temperature cooling water in
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
measurement number dag 21-06-1995
120
35
cr)30
cir--) 25
(/) a)20
cr)-0
15
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
temperature cooling water out
...
..
...
r_F-11
15
co 14
(.913
-toa)
a)
12
-co
011
-10
0
12
25
cn 24
cia) 23a)
22
73 21
6
-200
kreiu"Senartemperature cold water in
rwmwmmworrnmrew-wrntncirvev:imitAliwitymarty,INANthmovvvuult,,rumAmiv
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
temperature cold water out
1000
environmental temperature
1500
500
1000
1500
measurement number dag 21-06-1995
2000
2500
2000
2500
500
0
50
(I) 40
c)a) 30 a) ELL) 20 cs) a)temperature oil carter
1000
1500
suction temperature compressor
2000
2500
Co0
73 Cr)10
o
15
500
o
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
discharge temperature compressor
80
"(.-30 60
a) .15)a) 40
200
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
a)
a) 25
ta)-0
20
15
10
oo
IIIfreon temperature after condensor
45
u) 40
ow 35
qtrirm
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
measurement number dag 21-06-1995
L-12 30 cy) ca)
13 25
200
...
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
freon temperature before expansion valve
40
35
0
0 30
0
500
1 000
1 500
2000
2500
co a)
50
co 40
ow 30
cna) 20
CD)11.5
100
HIcarter temperature
2000
2500
500
1000
1500
measurement number dag 21-06-1995
2000
2500
I I I'I
2000
2500
a) co>" Ca o.) Ca 1. a)73 10
0
10
8
6
co
4
2
o
500
1000
1500
flow cooling water
12
500
1000
1500
ii
8
synchronisation puls hydra
500
1000
oil pressure compressor
...
...
1500
2000
2500
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
time Netdaq
2000
2500
500
1000
1500
measurement number dag 21-06-1995
20
15
10
-6
5
18
0 16
114
12
15
5
0
6
11)
0
4
0
111111101111111111111001....
111111111111M111.111
carter pressure compressor
discharge pressure compressor
freon pressure before evaporator
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
measurement number dag 21-06-1995
500
1000
1500
2000
1
16
10
16
_14
.5z)8-10
freon pressure before expansion valve
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
suction pressure compressor
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
measurement number dag 21-06-1995
8
7
40
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0.5
0
-0.5
0
10
20
15
5
oo
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
pressure meausurement flow freon
electrical power compressor
synchronisation puls netdaq
500
1000
1500
2000
1 12500
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
1100
1080
1060
cnE 1040
cr)1020
1000o
0.4
0.35
0.3
-g0.25
0.2
0.150
corrected measurement flow feon
specific weight freon
500
1000
1500
r4t(02000
2500
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
flow freon
...
500
1000
1500
measurement number dag 21-06-1995
2500
TU Delft
5.3.
Measurements on 22 - 06 - 1995
measurements on a refrigeration system
row numers are the row number in the excel sheet, not the row numbers of the ascii files !
For detailed information about the measurements on day 22-06-1995 see appendix C
van Buuren -van Swaay
pag 32
Filenames
dag22.x ls
Excel 5.0 worksheet
dag22.txt
Ascii (spaces as delimiters)
Begin time
09:00:08
End time
16:59:50
Number of
measurements
3199
Measured faults
A5 (09:45 until 10:30)
307 - 606
Liquid line, increased resistance
A6 (11:30 until 12:40)
1006- 1472
Increased resistance cold water line
A7 (13:10 until 14:21)
1672 - 2146
Leakage over evaporator
A8 (15:00 until 16:59)
2407 - 3204
Expansion valve stuck, open by-pass
Remarks
Power measurement off
from 09:00:08 until
09:19:38. Restart on
09:19:38
No data available after
16:59 of fault A8
16
120
40
co 35
(7.) 30
(I) oci,25
.6).Q) 20
-0
15
time Hydra
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
temperature cooling water out
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
measurement number dag 22-06-1995
10
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
temperature cooling water in
14.5
.E.514
Tf)(3u) 13.5
er,
13
a)
-0
13111 a12.5
0
16
a)0 14
a)t
a))12
-0
100
26
g) 22
-0
21
0
),,n.r...rassenauoiriaiuro.4 lei...NJtemperature cold water in
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
temperature cold water out
500
1000
1500
environmental temperature
2000
500
1000
1500
2000
measurement number dag 22-06-1995
2500
3000
16
n 14
o 12
a) 10
2500
3000
cT) 10
80
cf)5 70
-di (-),) 602 50
ci)-0 40
30
2500
3000
500
1000
1500
2000
discharge temperature compressor
2500
. ..
3000
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
measurement number dag 22-06-1995
50
temperature oil carter
...
t.
(7)`-') 40
a) tzT) cu-0 35
300
500
1000
1500
2000
suction temperature compressor
20
(f)
I
TD
0
Ai-40
co .:(72 30 C-) co a)t20
a) -c)40
cno30
C))cu 20
-0
0
S.0
500
freon temperature after condensor
1000
1500
2000
measurement number dag 22-06-1995
2500
3000
100
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
freon temperature before expansion valve
100
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
freon temperature before evaporator
_ a
0
a) 35
cr)73 30
250
3
c- oE
15
10
carter temperature
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
flow cooling water
flow coldwater
500
1 000
1500
2000
2500
3000
measurement number dag 22-06-1995
50
u) 45
500
1 000
1500
2000
2500
3000
20
15
10
-6
>
120
9
4
+40
synchronisation puls hydra
oil pressure compressor
0
a) cr)0
5
20
18
16
14
500
2500
3000
1000
1500
2000
measurement number dag 22-06--1995
0
500
1500
time Netdaq
3000
2500
1000
2000
500
1000
3000
2500
1500
2000
I.
7
s: 10
8
7
0
carter pressure compressor
500
1000
...
1500
freon pressure before evaporator
2000
2500
3000
0
500
1000
1500
2000
measurement number dag 22-06-1995
2500
3000
(7)a
4
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
discharge pressure compressor
16
+.040.4 En14
17-) *el)" .51.5 1215
5
7
6
_c)5
4
16
14
8
0
freon pressure before expansion valve
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
suction pressure compressor
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
pressure after condensor
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
1
0.5
1
o
A
pressure meausurement flow freon
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
electrical power compressor
20
15
10
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
synchronisation puls netdaq
20
15
10
5
0o
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
1 1
0.8
0.6
T.C2z.10.4
0.2
1120
1100
1080
lip 1060
1040
0.6
0.2
500
1000
Acorrected measurement flow feon
1500
specific weight freon
2000
2500
3000
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
flow freon
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
measurement number dag 22-06-1995
woNti
114,
TU Delft
5.4.
Measurements on day 23-06-1995
measurements on a refrigeration system
row numers are the row number in the excel sheet, not the row numbers of the ascii files !
For detailed information about the measurements on day 23-06-1995 see appendix C
van Buuren -van Swaay
a
pag 43
Filenames
dag23.xls
Excel 5.0 worksheet
dag23.txt
Ascii (spaces as delimiters)
Begin time
08:55:17
End time
16:58:53
Number of
measurements
3225
Measured faults
D 10 (11:35 until 13:35)
1071 - 1871
No pressure correction
D 11 (13:45 until 14:16)
1938 -2145
Leakage over evaporator
DI2 ( 14:26 until 15:06)
2211 -2478
Suction line increased resistance
D13 (15:23 until 15:54)
2591 - 2798
Discharge line, increased resistance
D14 (16:05 until 16:27)
2871 -3018
Too much cooling water
D15 (16:34 until 16:54)
3065 - 3198
Too little cooling water
Remarks
first set of data are the
four different working
points (A,B,C,D)
A (8:58)
25
B (09:20) 171
C (10:26) 611
D (10:53) 791
Bulb is re-placed above
the by-pass pipe, see
pictures.
16
14
a) (r)12
0
-10
14
120
40
-a
100
11111 MI
...
500
1000
time Hydra
temperature cooling water in
1500
temperature cooling water out
2000
2500
3000
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
measurement number dag 23-06-1995
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
0
-ts12
50
16
6
25
u) 24
oa) 23
a)w 22
ro) a) 773 21200
temperature cold water in
...
1500
environmental temperature
500
1000
1500
2000
measurement number dag 23-06-1995
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
temperature cold water out
2500
3000
0
500
1000
2000
2500
3000
cs)
la
5
...
temperature oil carter
7
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
measurement number dag 23-06-1995
25
(,) 20
50
...
100
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
suction temperature compressor
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
discharge temperature compressor
90
80
. ...
c_)(-0 70
a) a)60
...
50
0
40
a)0 30
cr) a) ra)a) 20
-o
100
40
15
500
1000
freon temperature after condensor
1500
freon temperature before expansion valve
freon temperature before evaporator
2000
500
1000
1500
2000
measurement number dag 23-06-1995
2500
3000
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
2500
3000
a
50
..9 40
a) cna) 30
a)cr)
a)-0 20
10.5
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
measurement number dag 23-06-1995
100
carter temperature
10o
10
8
6
4
2
12
11.5
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
flow cooling water
....
o
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
flow coldwater
ipmiiii
MEW]
11
0
20
18
12
10
synchronisation puls hydra
...
oil pressure compressor
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
measurement number dag 23-06-1995
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
time Netdaq
9
8
_CI7
tfs6
5
10
15
20
-5
5
0-500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
18
-16
10
40
carter pressure compressor
discharge pressure compressor
1500
2000
2500
3000
freon pressure before evaporator
500
1000
1500
2000
measurement number dag 23-06-1995
2500
3000
0
500
1000
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
15
6
5
18
16
(-314
0
40
freon pressure before expansion valve
...
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
suction pressure compressor
500
1000
...
1500
pressure after condensor
2000
2500
...
3000
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
I.
0.5
1
o
2015
-Zr=
t 10
>
Ta.55-0
0
A:1=mm0
500
1000
pressure meausurement flow freon
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
electrical power compressor
1500
synchronisation puts netdaq
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
measurement number dag 23-06-1995
10
5
2000
2500
0
0o
1120
(-1100
1080
cg 1060
1:5)1040
1020
-0
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.10corrected measurement flow feon
411nr----*--liAA
A ivvvvy500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
specific weight freon
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
flow freon
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
measurement number dag 23-06-1995
(71)
0.8
0.6
0.4
'0.2
03 I....
TU Delft
5.5.
Measurements on day 26-06-1995
measurements on a refrigeration system
van Buuren -van Swaayrow numers are the row number in the excel sheet, not the row numbers of the ascii files !
For detailed information about the measurements on day 26-06-1995 see appendix C
pag 54
Filenames
dag26.xls
Excel 5.0 worksheet
dag26.txt
Ascii (spaces as delimiters)
Begin time
12:28:17
End time
17:44:11
Number of
measurements
1621
Measured faults
BI6 (12:28 until 13:59)
6 - 616
compressor, increased resistance suction line
B18 (15:16 until 16:07)
639 - 979
compressor, increased resistance suction line
B19 (16:26 until 17:06)
I 105 - 1372
compressor, increased resistance discharge line
Remarks
From 13:59 until 15:16
no data available due to
going down of the
electrical net
17
16
0
ul)1 5
14
0
-= 13
14
S' 13.5
13
a) a) cs)4=9 1 2.5
120
120
time Hydra
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
temperature cooling water in
200
400
600
800
1000
temperature cooling water out
1200
1400
1600
40
..._<72 30 a) c_) a) 13.)ty-)20
a)-o
100
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
35
u) 30
a) 6.) a)25
0
200
temperature cold water in
1
200
400
600
800
1000
environmental temperature
1200
I I I I400
600
800
1000
1200
measurement number dag 26-06-1995
1400
1600
1400
1600
100
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1
7154600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
suction temperature compressor
I-I I r r I50
80
0 60
a) 40
200
...
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
discharge temperature compressor
200
400
tic
1
temperature oil carter
60
(r)-(7) 40
20
0
0
200
400
25
I iS' 20
U) 15
a)1 0
1400
1600
600
800
1000
1200
a)
2 25
a)-° 20
150
40
35
a)-(-)u, 300
25-cr)
-cs 20
150
oo
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
freon temperature before expansion valve
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
freon temperature before evaporator
...
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
measurement number dag 26-06-1995
freon temperature after condensor
RI
40
-5
35
7-f)a-=
0
30
...
20
15
0
ci) 10
I.
SO
S)40
C7) ,,F5) 30a) 20
w 10
-0
0
100
carter temperature
flow cooling water
flow coldwater
12
11.5
I200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
measurement number dag 26-06-1995
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
4
T-3.5
3
l'ilsv4Av-fvon."41,.2.5
20
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1
4_
20
15
10
-6
10
1synchronisation puls hydra
oil pressure compressor
q4ePthitiiim
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1400
200
400
0
600
800
time Netdaq
1600
1200
1000
40
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
measurement number dag 26-06-1995
20
c, 15
E 10
0
5
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
measurement number dag 26-06-1995
40
carter pressure compressor
9
5
40
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
discharge pressure compressor
1600
1 5
-0 1 0
c't35
-0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
freon pressure before evaporator
1600
..
..
a) 'CA
0
cr) 0:115
10
Aci\
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
suction pressure compressor
freon pressure before expansion valve
...
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
measurement number dag 26-06-1995
cv _c] Cd Cd
5
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1 600
pressure after condensor
16
14
17;
_c212
....
9_
TD
a
('Tz's8
6
J--1
10.5
>
oo
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
electrical power compressor
pressure meausurement flow freon
Afvo"
1200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
measurement number dag 26-06-1995
v-17. a)0
a) G)16
14
12
100
20
15
10
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
o
800
1000
flow freon
-1200
1200
ttle4A44`1611A/erY444/'
1400
1600
1400
1600
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
measurement number dag 26-06-1995
C 12 C
-a)
1050
200
400
600
1000o
co0.5
0.4
0.3
-4
kyi-ves."^bAkNitetr.4.4.-.46,-*44.44i10
0.1
corrected measurement flow freon
1.5
-a) _c)0.5
200
400
600
800
1000
S )ecific weight freon
1200
F
1150
)
4,04.r
TU Delft
5.6.
Measurements on day 27-06-1995
measurements on a refrigeration system
row numers are the row number in the excel sheet, not the row numbers of the ascii files !
For detailed information about the measurements on day 27-06-1995 see appendix C
=ED
pag 65
Filenames
dag27.x Is
Excel 5.0 worksheet
dag27.txt
Ascii (spaces as delimiters)
Begin time
08:58:53
End time
15:59:47
Number of
measurements
2807
Measured faults
B20 (09:18 until 09:45)
too much cooling water
134- 314
B21 (09:52 until 10:19)
too little cooling water
361 - 541
B22 (10:26 until 10:54)
liquid line freon , increased resistance
587 - 774
B23 (11:00 until 11:22) chilled water, increased resistance
814 - 961
B24 (11:30 until 12:10)
leakage over evaporator, opening by-pass
1014- 1281
valve evaporator
B25 (13:00 until 13:14)
expansion valve stuck, opening by-pass valve
1614- 1707
expansion valve
B26 (13:30 until 1401)
no pressure correction, closing valve
1814- 2021
C28 (14:20 until 15:07)
compressor suction side, increased resistance
2147 - 2461
C29 (15:09 until 15:37)
compressor discharge side, increased
2471 - 2661
resistance
C30 (15:39 until 16:00)
chilled water, increased resistance
2674 - 2812
Remarks
Switching from working
point B - C
(14:01 - 14:09)
2021 -2074
120
40
-(.7) 35 CT) cf()) 30- 25
735 cY)73 20
15-0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
temperature cooling water in
14
11.L111_
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
temperature cooling water out
time Hydra
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
measurement number dag 27-06-1995
14
a)