• Nie Znaleziono Wyników

$ .  3 5=< 8 ĩ<&, 8 2 6 &</ 8-Ą &( -  . /$ 3. , 6 7(52:$1,( 3 5=( 3 à<:(01$ 3 52 ) ,/ 8  

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Share "$ .  3 5=< 8 ĩ<&, 8 2 6 &</ 8-Ą &( -  . /$ 3. , 6 7(52:$1,( 3 5=( 3 à<:(01$ 3 52 ) ,/ 8  "

Copied!
8
0
0

Pełen tekst

(1)



02'(/2:$1,(,1ĩ<1,(56.,( ,661;

V*OLZLFH



67(52:$1,(35=(3à<:(01$352),/8



35=<8ĩ<&,826&</8-Ą&(-./$3.,



$

1'5=(-

.

5=<6,$.



,QVW\WXW/RWQLFWZD

HPDLODQGNU]\V#LORWHGXSO



6WUHV]F]HQLH 7HFKQLNL DNW\ZQHJR VWHURZDQLD SU]HSá\ZHP $FWLYH )ORZ

&RQWURO  QD SURILOX Vą Z RVWDWQLFK ODWDFK SU]HGPLRWHP LQWHQV\ZQ\FK EDGDĔ

ZZLHOX RĞURGNDFK QDXNRZ\FK QD ĞZLHFLH -HGQą ] W\FK WHFKQLN MHVW DNW\ZQH

VWHURZDQLHRSá\ZHPSURILOX]DSRPRFąNODSNLQDNUDZĊG]LVSá\ZX7DNDNODSND

PRĪH E\ü Z\NRU]\VW\ZDQD ]DUyZQR MDNR SRGVWDZRZ\ ĞURGHN VWHURZDQLD

RELHNWHPODWDMąF\PFR GODSU]\NáDGXRGZLHOX ODWPDPLHMVFHQDĞPLJáRZFDFK

ILUP\.DPDQMDNLGRVWHURZDQLDGRGDWNRZHJR,WDNRGV]HUHJXODWSURZDG]RQH

Vą EDGDQLD QDG Z\NRU]\VWDQLHP GUJDMąFHM NODSNL XPLHV]F]RQHM QD NUDZĊG]L

VSá\ZX áRSDW\ GR SRSUDZ\ ZáDVQRĞFL DHURG\QDPLF]Q\FK ĞPLJáRZFD SRSU]H]

]PQLHMV]HQLH SR]LRPX GUJDĔ áRSDW\ SRSUDZĊ MHJR RVLąJyZ RUD] REQLĪHQLH

SR]LRPXKDáDVXZLUQLND

: SUDF\ SU]HGVWDZLRQR UH]XOWDW\ HNVSHU\PHQWDOQ\FK WXQHORZ\FK EDGDĔ

ZSá\ZXGUJDMąFHM NODSNL XPLHV]F]RQHM QD NUDZĊG]L VSá\ZXPRGHOX SURILOX

1$&$  QD MHJR SRGVWDZRZH FKDUDNWHU\VW\NL DHURG\QDPLF]QH 2VF\ODFMH

SURILOX PLDá\ ]D ]DGDQLH PRGHORZDü Z ZDUXQNDFK WXQHORZ\FK ]PLDQ\ NąWD

QDWDUFLD SURILOX áRSDW\ ĞPLJáRZFD Z Z\QLNX MHM UXFKyZ REURWRZ\FK

ZSU]HJXEDFKLGRNRáDRVLZLUQLND



 :67ĉ3

 :UD] ]H VIRUPXáRZDQLHP QD SRF]ąWNX ;; ZLHNX WHRULL ZSURZDG]DMąFHM GR PHFKDQLNL

Sá\QyZ SRMĊFLH ZDUVWZ\ SU]\ĞFLHQQHM WZRU]ąFHM VLĊ QD SRZLHU]FKQLDFK FLDá RSá\ZDQ\FK

Sá\QDPL RUD] SRMĊFLD RGHUZDQLD SU]HSá\ZX SRGHMPRZDQH E\á\ G]LDáDQLD PDMąFH QD FHOX

VWHURZDQLH W\PL ]MDZLVNDPL -XĪ Z URNX  3UDQGWO SUH]HQWXMąF VZRMą WHRULĊ ZDUVWZ\

SU]\ĞFLHQQHM>@RSLVDáEDGDQLDHNVSHU\PHQWDOQHPDMąFHQDFHOXVWHURZDQLHRGHUZDQLHPWHM

ZDUVWZ\ %DGDQLD Z\NRQDQH ]RVWDá\ Z WXQHOX DHURG\QDPLF]Q\P QD RSá\ZDQ\P F\OLQGU]H

DVWHURZDQLH RGHUZDQLHP RGE\ZDáR VLĊ SRSU]H] RGV\VDQLH ZDUVWZ\ SU]\ĞFLHQQHM ,GHD WHJR

UR]ZLą]DQLD SROHJDáD QD RGHVVDQLX F]ĊĞFL SU]HSá\ZX RNRáRSRZLHU]FKQLRZHJR

FKDUDNWHU\]XMąFHJRVLĊQLVNąSUĊGNRĞFLąDZLĊFLPDáąHQHUJLąL]DVWąSLHQLDJRSU]HSá\ZHP

RZ\ĪV]HM HQHUJLL : HIHNFLH WHJR RGV\VDQLD SU]HSá\Z SU]\NOHMDá VLĊ SRQRZQLH GR

SRZLHU]FKQL F\OLQGUD D ]MDZLVNR RGHUZDQLD XOHJDáR RSyĨQLHQLX >@ =DVWRVRZDQLH WHJR

UR]ZLą]DQLD ZLą]DáR VLĊ MHGQDN ] NRQLHF]QRĞFLą PRQWDĪX XNáDGX ]DV\VDMąFHJR RUD]

Z\PDJDQ\PGRVWDUF]HQLHPGRGDWNRZHMHQHUJLL2SLVDQDSRZ\ĪHMPHWRGDVWDQRZLSU]\NáDG

DNW\ZQHJRVWHURZDQLDSU]HSá\ZHP

(2)

 $.5=<6,$. 

*HQHUDOQLHZOLWHUDWXU]HRSLVXMąFHMUyĪQHPHWRG\VWHURZDQLDSU]HSá\ZHP]HZ]JOĊGXQD

VSRVyEGRVWDUF]HQLDHQHUJLLZ\PXV]DMąFHM]PLDQ\SU]HSá\ZXZ\UyĪQLDVLĊGZLHSRGVWDZRZH

PHWRG\WHJRVWHURZDQLDDPLDQRZLFLHZVSRPQLDQąMXĪPHWRGĊDNW\ZQHJRVWHURZDQLDRUD]

PHWRGĊVWHURZDQLDSDV\ZQHJR

$NW\ZQH F]\QQH  VWHURZDQLH SU]HSá\ZHP PRĪQD ]GHILQLRZDü MDNR PHWRGĊ

RGG]LDá\ZDQLDQDRSá\ZFLDáDZ\PDJDMąFąGRVWDUF]HQLD]]HZQąWU] F]\OLVSR]DSU]HSá\ZX  GRGDWNRZHMHQHUJLL7RRGG]LDá\ZDQLHPRĪHE\üUHDOL]RZDQHQDZLHOHVSRVREyZ QSSRSU]H]

]DV\VDQLH Sá\QyZ Z\GPXFKLZDQLH Sá\QyZ IDOĊ DNXVW\F]Qą RJU]HZDQLH FKáRG]HQLH LWS 

0HWRGDWDGDMHPRĪOLZRĞüVWHURZDQLDZLHONRĞFLąGRVWDUF]DQHMHQHUJLLGRSU]HSá\ZXSRSU]H]

UHJXODFMĊ SDUDPHWUyZ WHJR RGG]LDá\ZDQLD QS SUĊGNRĞFL Z\GDWNX F]ĊVWRWOLZRĞFL

WHPSHUDWXU\ LWS  ']LĊNL WHM PRĪOLZRĞFL DNW\ZQH VWHURZDQLH SU]HSá\ZHP PRĪH E\ü

Z\NRU]\VW\ZDQH QLH W\ONR GR SRGZ\ĪV]HQLD RVLąJyZ RELHNWyZ ODWDMąF\FK OHF] UyZQLHĪ GR

LFK VWHURZDQLD : SU]\SDGNX PDá\FK RELHNWyZ ODWDMąF\FK GR NWyU\FK ]DOLF]DMą VLĊ PLNUR

VDPRORW\VWHURZDQLHW\PLRELHNWDPLSU]\XĪ\FLXQDSU]\NáDG ZLUyZNUDZĊG]LRZ\FKMHVW

]QDF]QLH VNXWHF]QLHMV]H ]H Z]JOĊGX QDV]\ENRĞü UHDNFML  Z SRUyZQDQLX GR VWHURZDQLD

NRQZHQFMRQDOQHJRF]\OLSRSU]H]XĪ\FLHVWHUyZ>@

5HDOL]DFMDDNW\ZQHJRVWHURZDQLDSU]HSá\ZHPPRĪHVLĊRGE\ZDüZGZRMDNLVSRVyE>@

x SRSU]H] ]DVWRVRZDQLH RGG]LDá\ZDQLD QD SU]HSá\Z QLH]DOHĪQLH RG VWDQX WHJR

SU]HSá\ZX L ZWHG\ PDP\ GR F]\QLHQLD ] W]Z Ä]GHILQLRZDQ\P DNW\ZQ\P

VWHURZDQLHPSU]HSá\ZHP´OXE

x SRSU]H]WDNLURG]DMVWHURZDQLDZNWyU\PWRVWHURZDQLHMHVWFLąJOHPRG\ILNRZDQH

QD SRGVWDZLH SRPLDUyZ VWDQX SU]HSá\ZX QD ]DVDG]LH VSU]ĊĪHQLD ]ZURWQHJR  OXE

VSU]ĊĪHQLD GR SU]RGX 7HQ VSRVyE UHDOL]DFML VWHURZDQLD ]ZDQ\ MHVW ÄUHDNF\MQ\P

DNW\ZQ\P VWHURZDQLHP SU]HSá\ZHP´ : SU]\SDGNX VWHURZDQLD SU]HSá\ZHP ]H

VSU]ĊĪHQLHPGRSU]RGXSDUDPHWUSU]HSá\ZX QSFLĞQLHQLHOXESUĊGNRĞü PLHU]RQ\

MHVW SU]HG XU]ąG]HQLHPVWHUXMąF\P D QDVWĊSQLH SU]HWZDU]DQ\ ]JRGQLH ]SUDZDPL

PHFKDQLNLSá\QyZLSRGDZDQ\MDNRV\JQDáZ\NRQDZF]\GRXU]ąG]HQLDVWHUXMąFHJR

: SU]\SDGNX VWHURZDQLD SU]HSá\ZHP ]H VSU]ĊĪHQLHP ]ZURWQ\P SDUDPHWU

SU]HSá\ZXPLHU]RQ\MHVW]DXU]ąG]HQLHPVWHUXMąF\PDQDVWĊSQLHSRUyZQ\ZDQ\]

ZDUWRĞFLąRF]HNLZDQą5yĪQLFDSRPLĊG]\ZDUWRĞFLą]PLHU]RQąDRF]HNLZDQąMHVW

ED]ąGRRNUHĞOHQLDV\JQDáXZ\NRQDZF]HJRGODXU]ąG]HQLDVWHUXMąFHJR

: SU]HFLZLHĔVWZLH GR VWHURZDQLD DNW\ZQHJR SDV\ZQH ELHUQH  VWHURZDQLH SU]HSá\ZHP

QLH Z\PDJD GRVWDUF]HQLD GRGDWNRZHM HQHUJLL ] ]HZQąWU] D ]PLDQ\ Z RSá\ZLH QS

Z\WZDU]DQLH ZLUyZ  ]ZLą]DQH Vą ] RGG]LDá\ZDQLHP QD SU]HSá\Z HOHPHQWyZ QLHUXFKRPR

]DPRFRZDQ\FKQDSRZLHU]FKQLRELHNWyZRSá\ZDQ\FK3RGVWDZRZąZDGąWHMPHWRG\MHVWEUDN

PRĪOLZRĞFL VWHURZDQLD 3URZDG]L WR GR V\WXDFML ĪH Z QLHNWyU\FK ID]DFK ORWX RELHNWX

ODWDMąFHJRSDV\ZQHXU]ąG]HQLDPDMąFHVWHURZDüSU]HSá\ZHPQLHVąZ\NRU]\VW\ZDQHLZWHG\

VWDQRZLą]UHJXá\GRGDWNRZHQLHSRWU]HEQHĨUyGáRRSRUX =GUXJLHM]DĞVWURQ\QLHZąWSOLZą

]DOHWąSDV\ZQHJRVWHURZDQLDMHVWSURVWRWDLFKZ\NRQDQLD=DUyZQRVWHURZDQLHDNW\ZQHMDN

LSDV\ZQH PRĪH E\ü UHDOL]RZDQH QD ZLHOH VSRVREyZ QS SRSU]H] QLHUXFKRPH VORW\

NRQZHQFMRQDOQHJHQHUDWRU\ZLUyZVWUXPLHQLRZHVDPR]DVLODMąFHVLĊJHQHUDWRU\ZLUyZJDUE\

LWS 

6WHURZDQLDSU]HSá\ZHPPRĪHE\üZ\NRU]\VW\ZDQHZUyĪQ\FKFHODFKQS

x UHGXNFMDRSRUX

x Z]URVWVLá\QRĞQHM

x SRGZ\ĪV]HQLHZDUWRĞFLNU\W\F]QHJRNDWDQDWDUFLD

x RJUDQLF]HQLHKDáDVX]ZLą]DQHJR]SU]HSá\ZHP

x UHGXNFMDGUJDĔRELHNWX

x VWHURZDQLHRELHNWHP

(3)

 67(52:$1,(35=(3à

3RZ\ĪV]HFHOHRVLąJDQHVą

x RSyĨQLHQLHOXESU]\

x RSyĨQLHQLHOXEZ\P x ]PQLHMV]HQLHOXE]Z ,VWQLHMH ZLHOH SUDNW\F]Q UyĪQLąF\FKVLĊVSRVREHPRGG]

SU]HSá\ZHP SU]\ XĪ\FLX RVF Z\NRU]\VWDQLHP UXFKRPHM NO SU]HSá\ZHPQDWHMáRSDFLH>@

 (.63(5<0(17$/1(% 35=<8ĩ<&,826&</8

7XQHOGXĪ\FKSUĊGNRĞFL1

7XQHO1MHVWWXQHOHPW\S Z\SRVDĪRQ\ Z NRPRUĊ SRP LGáXJRĞFL P U\V  7XQH Z]DNUHVLH OLF]E 0DFKD

LRNRáRNU\W\F]Q\FK OLF]E 0 WUDQVRQLF]QD EDGDQLDPRJąE GODZ\ĪV]\FKOLF]E0DFKDW\ON



5\V.RPRUD

%DGDQ\PRGHOSURILOX1

%DGDQ\ PRGHO SURILOX 1 Z\GUąĪRQ\ZĞURGNXZ\NRQD FLĊFLZ\ SURILOX VWDQRZLáD UX ZF]WHUHFK NRQVRODFK F]ĊĞFL

PRGHOXQDSRZLHU]FKQLDFK]H

 RWZRUNyZ SRPLDURZ\FK HOHNWURQLF]Q\FK VNDQHUyZ FL

à<:(01$352),/835=<8ĩ<&,826&</8-Ą&(

]UHJXá\SRSU]H]

\VSLHV]HQLHSU]HMĞFLDODPLQDUQRWXUEXOHQWQHJR PXV]HQLHRGHUZDQLDSU]HSá\ZX

ZLĊNV]HQLHSR]LRPXWXUEXOHQFMLSU]HSá\ZX

Q\FK PHWRG UHDOL]DFML DNW\ZQHJR VWHURZ ]LDá\ZDQLDQDWHQSU]HSá\Z-HGQą]W\FKPH F\OXMąFHM NODSNL 2G V]HUHJX ODW SURZDG]RQ ODSNL XPLHV]F]RQHM QD NUDZĊG]L VSá\ZX áRS



%$'$1,$67(52:$1,$35=(3à<:(0

8-Ą&(-./$3.,

1

SXZ\GPXFKRZHJR]F]ĊĞFLRZąUHF\UNXODFMą PLDURZą R NZDGUDWRZ\P SU]HNURMX SRSU]H

HO 1 XPRĪOLZLD Z\NRQ\ZDQLH EDGDĔ

0 y SU]\ F]\P Z ]DNUHVLH 0DFKD WM GOD 0 y JG\ ]DVWRVR

\üZ\NRQ\ZDQHSU]\GRZROQHMSUĊGNRĞFLSU]

NRGOD0 L0  G\V]HQDGGĨZLĊNRZH

SRPLDURZDLG\V]RZDWXQHOXGXĪ\FKSUĊGNRĞ 1$&$

1$&$  E\á G]LHORQ\ ] RGHMPRZDQą DQ\FDáNRZLFLH]PHWDOXRFLĊFLZLHPP XFKRPD NODSND ]DPRFRZDQD QD áRĪ\VNDF JáyZQHM WHJR SURILOX : SU]\EOLĪHQLX Z S HZQĊWU]Q\FKF]ĊĞFLJáyZQHMSURILOXRUD]NODS K SR  QD NDĪGHM VWURQLH  SRGáąF]

LĞQLHQLD(63+' ILUP\ 3UHVVXUH 6\VWHP

(-./$3., 

R

ZDQLD SU]HSá\ZHP

HWRGMHVWVWHURZDQLH

QH Vą EDGDQLD QDG

SDW\ GR VWHURZDQLD

1$352),/8

ąSRZLHWU]D-HVWRQ

HF]Q\P [P

DHURG\QDPLF]Q\FK

H SRGNU\W\F]Q\FK

RZDQD MHVW G\V]D

]HSá\ZXQDWRPLDVW



ĞFL1

ą JyUQą SRNU\Zą 

P.RĔFRZH

FK XPLHV]F]RQ\FK

SRáRZLH UR]SLĊWRĞFL

SNLUR]PLHV]F]RQR

RQ\FK GR WU]HFK

P XPLHV]F]RQ\FK

(4)



ZHZQąWU]PRGHOX U\V =DN WU]HFLHJR“SVLG:V]\VWNLH UXUHNRMHGQDNRZHMGáXJRĞFL

GODZV]\VWNLFKSXQNWyZSRPLD



5\V0RGH

 1DU\VSU]HGVWDZLRQRP WXQHOX1



5\V0RGHOSURI

8NáDGQDSĊGRZ\Z\PXV 1LH]DOHĪQH UXFK\ RVF\ODF\ VNRQVWUXRZDQ\ GR WHJR FHOX

UHMHVWURZDQH E\á\ SU]H] SU]

SRPLDURZHM SR SU]HFLZOHJá SU]HGVWDZLRQHJRXNáDGXQDSĊG RGVLHELHUXFKyZRVF\ODF\MQ\F SU]HSá\ZDMąFHJR SU]H] NRPR GUJDMąFHJR SURILOX SU]\ ]DF F]ĊVWRWOLZRĞFL

$.5=<6,$.

NUHVSRPLDURZ\GZyFKVNDQHUyZZ\QRVLá“

HRWZRUNLSRPLDURZHSRáąF]RQHE\á\]HVND PP FRPLDáR]DSHZQLüMHGQDNRZHRS DURZ\FK

HOSURILOX1$&$]HVNDQHUDPLFLĞQLHQLD PRGHOSURILOX1$&$]DPRFRZDQ\ZNR

ILOX1$&$ZNRPRU]HSRPLDURZHMWXQH V]DMąF\RVF\ODF\MQHUXFK\SURILOXLNODSNL

\MQH SURILOX RUD] NODSNL Z\PXV]DQH E\á\

XNáDG QDSĊGRZ\ U\V  3RáRĪHQLD NąWRZH

]HWZRUQLNL NąWRZH 52&  XPLHV]F]RQH áHM VWURQLH QLĪ XNáDG QDSĊGRZ\ 3RGVWD GRZHJRE\áR]DSHZQLHQLHGZyFKUyZQRF]HVQ FKWMUXFKXRVF\ODF\MQHJRPRGHOXSURILOXZ RUĊ SRPLDURZą RUD] RVF\ODF\MQHJR UXFKX FKRZDQLX PRĪOLZRĞFL ]PLDQ\ DPSOLWXG W\



“SVLGQDWRPLDVW

DQHUDPL]DSRPRFą

SyĨQLHQLHF]DVRZH

D 

RPRU]HSRPLDURZHM

HOX1

SRSU]H] VSHFMDOQLH

SURILOX RUD] NODSNL

H Z RNQLH NRPRU\

DZRZ\P ]DGDQLHP

Q\FKLQLH]DOHĪQ\FK

Z]JOĊGHPSRZLHWU]D

 NODSNL Z]JOĊGHP

\FK RVF\ODFML L LFK

(5)

 67(52:$1,(35=(3à

5\V8N

:<1,.,%$'$ē(.63(5

&KDUDNWHU\VW\NL DHURG\QD ]WXQHORZ\FKEDGDĔG\QDPLF]

6WZLHUG]RQR ERZLHP ĪH ZVS PDMą UyĪQH ZDUWRĞFL Z ]DOHĪ :UH]XOWDFLH ]DOHĪQRĞFL W\FK

]DPNQLĊW\FK SĊWOL 3RQDGWR ÄSU]HFLąJQLĊFLD G\QDPLF]QHJ VLá\QRĞQHMRUD]NU\W\F]QHJR

FKDUDNWHU\VW\NDFK

:QLQLHMV]\PDUW\NXOHRP DPLDQRZLFLH F]ĊVWRWOLZRĞFL

SURILOX D UXFKHP NODSNL  QD

QDWDUFLD

: WDEHOL  SU]HGVWDZLR VWHURZDQLDSU]HSá\ZHPQDSUR SU]HGVWDZLRQREH]XZ]JOĊGQLD



0 5H DDDD

   · JG]LH0±OLF]ED0DFKD

5H±OLF]ED5H\QROGV

DDDD±NąW\QDWDUFLDZ ''''DDDDQRPLQDOQHDPS

IF]ĊVWRWOLZRĞüR įNąWZ\FK\OHQLD

'įQRPLQDOQHDPSO

à<:(01$352),/835=<8ĩ<&,826&</8-Ą&(

NáDGQDSĊGRZ\SURILOXLNODSNLZWXQHOX1

5<0(17$/1<&+

DPLF]QH PRGHOL SURILOL OXE LQQ\FK RE ]Q\FKUyĪQLąVLĊZLVWRWQ\VSRVyERGFKDUDNWH

SyáF]\QQLNL DHURG\QDPLF]QH X]\VNDQH ] ED ĪQRĞFL RG NLHUXQNX ]PLDQ\ NąWD QDWDUFLD ] ZVSyáF]\QQLNyZ Z IXQNFML NąWD QDWDUFLD

R Z EDGDQLDFK G\QDPLF]Q\FK Z\VWĊSXM R´ NWyUHJR HIHNWHP MHVW Z]URVW ZVSyáF]\Q NąWDQDWDUFLD2EDWH]MDZLVNDVąZLGRF]QH

PyZLRQRZSá\ZWU]HFKSDUDPHWUyZUXFKXRVF DPSOLWXG\ RUD] SU]HVXQLĊFLD ID]RZHJR

ZVSyáF]\QQLN VLá\ QRĞQHM Z ]DNUHVLH SRGN QR ZDUXQNL Z MDNLFK Z\NRQDQR HNVSHU\

RILOX1$&$SU]\XĪ\FLXRVF\OXMąFHMNOD DQLDSRSUDZHNWXQHORZ\FK

7DEHOD

''''DDDD I į 'į IN

 r +]  rrr 



Z]JOĊGHPNWyU\FKRVF\ORZDáPRGHOSURILOXVD

OLWXG\RVF\ODFMLPRGHOXSURILOX

VF\ODFMLPRGHOXSURILOX

NODSNLZ]JOĊGHPNWyUHJRZ\NRQ\ZDáDRVF\

OLWXG\RVF\ODFMLNODSNL

(-./$3., 

ELHNWyZ X]\VNDQH

HU\VW\NVWDW\F]Q\FK

DGDĔ G\QDPLF]Q\FK

]MDZLVNR KLVWHUH]\ 

SU]\ELHUDMą NV]WDáW

MH ]MDZLVNR W]Z

QQLND PDNV\PDOQHM

QDSUH]HQWRZDQ\FK

F\ODF\MQHJRNODSNL

SRPLĊG]\ UXFKHP

NU\W\F]Q\FK NąWyZ

\PHQWDOQH EDGDQLD

DSNL:\QLNLEDGDĔ

:DUXQNLEDGDĔ

N M

+] ·

\ODFMH

(6)

 $.5=<6,$. 

INF]ĊVWRWOLZRĞüRVF\ODFMLNODSNL

MNąWSU]HVXQLĊFLDID]RZHJRSRPLĊG]\RVF\ODFMDPLSURILOXLNODSNL

1D U\V  SRUyZQDQR ]DOHĪQRĞü ZVSyáF]\QQLND VLá\ QRĞQHM Z IXQNFML NąWD QDWDUFLD

X]\VNDQHZZDUXQNDFKVWDW\F]Q\FKRUD]ZEDGDQLDFKG\QDPLF]Q\FKGODF]ĊVWRWOLZRĞFLGUJDĔ

NODSNLIN L+]RUD]GODD 'į rLM 1DSUH]HQWRZDQ\FKU\VXQNDFK

F\IUDPL ]D]QDF]RQR SXQNW\ RGSRZLDGDMąFH NROHMQ\P PDNV\PDOQ\P Z\FK\OHQLRP NODSNL

Z]JOĊGHPį  ZWUDNFLHMHMRVF\ODFML



5\V:Sá\ZF]ĊVWRWOLZRĞFLGUJDĔNODSNLQD]DOHĪQRĞü&] I D GODD RUD]M 

$QDOL]DSU]HGVWDZLRQHMSRZ\ĪHMFKDUDNWHU\VW\NLDHURG\QDPLF]QHM&] I D SURZDG]LGR ZQLRVNX ĪH Z REV]DU]H SRGNU\W\F]Q\FK NąWyZ QDWDUFLD Z NWyU\P Z RSá\ZLH SURILOX QLH

Z\VWĊSXMH ]MDZLVNR RGHUZDQLD SU]HSá\ZX F]ĊVWRWOLZRĞü GUJDĔ NODSNL Z LVWRWQ\ VSRVyE

ZSá\ZD QD NV]WDáW WHM ]DOHĪQRĞFL , WDN SU]\ MHGQDNRZHM F]ĊVWRWOLZRĞFL GUJDĔ SURILOX RUD]

NODSNL WM I  IN   +] ]DOHĪQRĞü &]  I D  PD NV]WDáW SRMHG\QF]HM SĊWOL 1DWRPLDVW Z

SU]\SDGNXJG\F]ĊVWRWOLZRĞüGUJDĔNODSNLMHVWGZXNURWQLHZLĊNV]DRGF]ĊVWRWOLZRĞFLGUJDĔ

SURILOX ]DOHĪQRĞü &]  I D  SU]\ELHUD NV]WDáW SRGZyMQHM SĊWOL 1D WHM SRGVWDZLH PRĪQD

GRPQLHP\ZDüĪHZW\P]DNUHVLHNąWyZQDWDUFLDSURILOXOLF]EDSĊWOLFKDUDNWHU\VW\NL&] I D  EĊG]LHUyZQDLORUD]RZLF]ĊVWRWOLZRĞFLGUJDĔNODSNLLF]ĊVWRWOLZRĞFLGUJDĔSURILOX

1D U\V  SRUyZQDQR ]DOHĪQRĞü ZVSyáF]\QQLND VLá\ QRĞQHM Z IXQNFML NąWD QDWDUFLD

X]\VNDQH Z ZDUXQNDFK VWDW\F]Q\FK RUD] Z EDGDQLDFK G\QDPLF]Q\FK SU]\ UyĪQ\FK

DPSOLWXGDFKGUJDĔNODSNL'į rrrGODD IN +]LM 

1DSRGVWDZLH]DSUH]HQWRZDQ\FK]DOHĪQRĞFLPRĪQDVWZLHUG]LüĪH]PLDQDDPSOLWXG\GUJDĔ

NODSNL SRZRGXMH ]PLDQĊ ZDUWRĞFL ZVSyáF]\QQLND VLá\ QRĞQHM OHF] W\ONR Z ]DNUHVLH

SRGNU\W\F]Q\FKNąWyZQDWDUFLD:W\P]DNUHVLHNąWyZQDWDUFLDZUD]]HZ]URVWHPDPSOLWXG\

URĞQLHUyĪQLFDZZDUWRĞFLDFKZVSyáF]\QQLND&]X]\VNDQDSU]\QDUDVWDQLXNąWDQDWDUFLDRUD]

SU]\]PQLHMV]DQLXMHJRZDUWRĞFL:HIHNFLHSĊWOD]DOHĪQRĞFL&] I D XOHJDUR]V]HU]HQLX

        



















0 M H K  RVF\ODFMHSURILOXLNODSNLIN +]

RVF\ODFMHSURILOXLNODSNLIN +]

EDGDQLDVWDW\F]QH

&]

H

     











 H

KIN +]

K IN +]

&]DV V

H

K GHJ

  











(7)

 67(52:$1,(35=(3à<:(01$352),/835=<8ĩ<&,826&</8-Ą&(-./$3., 

5\V:Sá\ZDPSOLWXG\GUJDĔNODSNLQD]DOHĪQRĞü&] I D GODD  RUD]M 

1D U\V  SRUyZQDQR ]DOHĪQRĞü ZVSyáF]\QQLND VLá\ QRĞQHM Z IXQNFML NąWD QDWDUFLD X]\VNDQH Z ZDUXQNDFK VWDW\F]Q\FK RUD] Z EDGDQLDFK G\QDPLF]Q\FK SU]\ UyĪQ\FK NąWDFK

SU]HVXQLĊFLDID]RZHJRM LGOD'į rD LIN +]



        



















0 I D G  RVF\ODFMHSURILOXLNODSNL RVF\ODFMHSURILOX EDGDQLDVWDW\F]

&]

D

     











 D

G

&]DV V DG

GHJ

 



 











'W         



















0 I D G  RVF\ODFMHSURILOXLNODSNL RVF\ODFMHSURILOX EDGDQLDVWDW\F]QH

&]

D

     













D G

&]DV V DG

GHJ



 





'W



 

5\V:Sá\ZSU]HVXQLĊFLDID]RZHJRQD]DOHĪQRĞü&] I D GODD L'į r

   

    























0 M H K  RVF\ODFMHSURILOXLNODSNL+K$ RVF\ODFMHSURILOXLNODSNL+K$ RVF\ODFMHSURILOXLNODSNL+K$ EDGDQLDVWDW\F]QH

&]

H

     











H K+K$ K+K$ K+K$

&]DV V

H

K GHJ



















(8)

 $.5=<6,$.  -DN PRĪQD ]DXZDĪ\ü ]PLHQLDMąF NąW SU]HVXQLĊFLD ID]RZHJR SRPLĊG]\ UXFKHP SURILOX

DUXFKHPNODSNLPRĪQDZLVWRWQ\VSRVyE]PLHQLDüZDUWRĞüZVSyáF]\QQLNDVLá\QRĞQHM

32'6802:$1,( 

3U]HSURZDG]RQH EDGDQLD SRND]Dá\ ĪH SU]\ XĪ\FLX RVF\OXMąFHM NODSNL PRĪQD VWHURZDü

SU]HSá\ZHP QD SURILOX D ZLĊF Z HIHNFLH ]PLHQLDü MHJR FKDUDNWHU\VW\NL DHURG\QDPLF]QH

=PLDQD W\FK FKDUDNWHU\VW\N XPRĪOLZLD ] NROHL VWHURZDQLH RELHNWHP L WR Z VSRVyE

QLHNRQZHQFMRQDOQ\ OXE WHĪ SRSUDZĊ MHJR RVLąJyZ -DN VWZLHUG]RQR ]PLDQĊ ZáDVQRĞFL

DHURG\QDPLF]Q\FKSURILOXPRĪQDX]\VNDü]PLHQLDMąFSDUDPHWU\UXFKXRVF\ODF\MQHJRNODSNL

WDNLH MDN F]ĊVWRWOLZRĞü DPSOLWXGD RUD] SU]HVXQLĊFLH ID]RZH SRPLĊG]\ UXFKHP SURILOX

DUXFKHPNODSNL

(NVSHU\PHQWDOQH EDGDQLD G\QDPLF]QH SURILOX 1$&$  ] UXFKRPą NODSNą SRND]Dá\

MDN LVWRWQ\ MHVW ZSá\Z UXFKX PRGHOX RELHNWX Z WUDNFLH Z\NRQ\ZDQ\FK SRPLDUyZ QD MHJR

RSá\ZDW\PVDP\PQDX]\VNDQHZDUWRĞFLZVSyáF]\QQLNyZDHURG\QDPLF]Q\FK

/,7(5$785$

3UDQGWO/0RWLRQRIIOXLGVZLWKYHU\OLWWOHYLVFRVLW\1$&$700DUFKS

%HW]$+LVWRU\RIERXQGDU\OD\HUFRQWUROLQ*HUPDQ\1HZ<RUN3HUJDPRQ3UHVV

9ROS

*ZR%LQ/&KLDQJ6<X&KRQJ7DL7VDR7/LX&K$GDP+XDQJ$&KLK0LQJ+R

5REXVW YRUWH[ FRQWURO RI D GHOWD ZLQJ E\ GLVWULEXWHG PLFURHOHFWURPHFKDQLFDOV\VWHPV

DFWXDWRUV³-RXUQDORI$LUFUDIW´9RO1RS

 *DGHO+DN 0 7KH 7LPLQJ RI WKH 6KUHZ :K\ LV LW VR GLIILFXOW WR FRQWURO WXUEXODQFH"

1RWHV RQ 1XPHULFDO )OXLG 0HFKDQLFV DQG 0XOWLGLVFLSOLQDU\ 'HVLJQ %HUOLQ 6SULQJHU

9ROS

 6FKLPNH ' -DQNHU 3 :HQGW 9 -XQNHU % :LQG WXQQHO HYDOXDWLRQ RI D IXOO VFDOH

SLH]RHOHFWULF IODS FRQWURO XQLW ,Q WK (XURSHDQ 5RWRUFUDIW )RUXP 0DUVHLOOHV 

S



&21752/2))/2:$5281'$,5)2,/

86,1*26&,//$7,1*)/$3

6XPPDU\,QWKHUHFHQW\HDUVWKHWHFKQLTXHVRIDFWLYHFRQWURORIIORZDURXQG DLUIRLO DUH EHLQJ LQYHVWLJDWHG H[WHQVLYHO\ E\ PDQ\ UHVHDUFK FHQWUHV DOO RYHU WKH

ZRUOG2QHRIWKHWHFKQLTXHVFRQVLVWVLQIORZFRQWUROE\WUDLOLQJHGJHIODS6XFK

IODSPD\EHXVHGDVDEDVLFKHOLFRSWHUFRQWUROGHYLFH ZKLFKLVLQXVHGRQ.DPDQ

KHOLFRSWHUVIRUDORQJWLPH DVZHOODVIRUDGGLWLRQDOFRQWURO6RIRUPDQ\\HDUV

WKH LQYHVWLJDWLRQV  RI RVFLOODWLQJ WUDLOLQJ HGJH IODS DSSOLFDWLRQ IRU KHOLFRSWHU

DHURG\QDPLF FKDUDFWHULVWLFV LPSURYHPHQW E\ GLPLQLVKLQJ URWRU EODGH YLEUDWLRQ

LPSURYLQJ SHUIRUPDQFH DQG GLPLQLVKLQJ WKH URWRU QRLVH OHYHO KDYH EHHQ

FRQGXFWHG

,QSUHVHQWSDSHUWKHH[SHULPHQWDOWHVWUHVXOWVRIWKHLQIOXHQFHRILQGHSHQGHQWO\

RVFLOODWLQJIODSRQDHURG\QDPLFFKDUDFWHULVWLFVRISLWFKLQJDLUIRLO1$&$DUH

SUHVHQWHG $LUIRLO RVFLOODWLRQV VLPXODWH LQ ZLQG WXQQHO FRQGLWLRQV FKDQJHV RI

EODGHDLUIRLODQJOHRIDWWDFNGXULQJLWVURWDU\PRWLRQ



Cytaty

Powiązane dokumenty

[r]

I II. 1) analizuje i rozwiązuje zadania tekstowe proste i wybrane złożone; dostrzega problem matematyczny oraz tworzy własną strategię jego rozwiązania, odpowiednią do

[r]

Spośród narysowanych figur geometrycznych wybierz i pomaluj na czerwono tylko prostokąty... Wykonaj

[r]

[r]

[r]

Nie używam Internetu do oszukiwania, nie wprowadzam innych w błąd, dbam, żeby.. w Internecie było jak najwięcej