Natalia Anufrieva
Иконография Страшного Суда по
двум памятникам книжных
собраний урало-сибирского
региона
Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski 7/1, 67-822016
Na t a l ia An u f r ie v a
Ural Federal University
HKOHOrPAOHH CTPAmHOrO Cy^A
n o £ByM nAMHTHHKAM KHH^HMX
COEPAHHH yPA^O-CHBHPCKOrO PErHOHA
Iconography of the Last Judgement on the Example of Two Book Monuments from Collections
of the Regions of Urals and Siberia
KAronEBbiE cbo ba: H K O H orpa^na, C p a m m m cyfl, xyflo^ecT B eH H oe o ^ o p M n eH n e, Y p an , PyccKHH C eB ep, K H H ^H o-pyK onncH aa TpaflHpHa
Key w o r d s: iconography, the Last judgement, decoration, Urals, Russian North, books and manuscript tradition
Ab str a c t: The paper is devoted to analysis of iconography of the Last Judgement plot on the example of two book monuments from collections of Urals and Siberia - “Living of Basil the New” and “The word of Palladiy-monk”. These essays reflect the most important stages of the iconography plot development, which lasted for centuries. Analysis of iconographic details of manuscripts allowed for improving ideas about formation of symbols and images of the Last Judgement in Russian art. It showed variety of artistic facilities in accordance with stylistic specifics and iconographical editions. Analysis of the iconography of the manu scripts allowed to find a process of cultural interaction between the Old Believers workshops and the artists as an important factor for the development of the book decoration art.
BocK pecH H , E o * e ! E o * e n p a B tix ! H hx MoneHHro BHeMnu;
npHAH, cy^H, Kapań nyK aB tix, H 6y^Ł e^HH papeM 3eMnu!
T aB p an a flep ^ aB H H
H3o6pa^eHMe BenHHecTBeHHMx KapTHH 3aKnronHTe.nBHoro MoMeHTa MHpoBoń HcTopHH B cooTBeTcTBHH co CBfl^eHHBIM nHcaHHeM, Korfla aBHTca BacmHH
Cy^Ha h t oSbi «Bo3^aTB Ka^aoMy no aenaM ero» (OTKp. 22;12), Kor^a
cBepmnTca BceneHcKHn CTpamHBin cya Haa s h b h m h h MepTBBiMH,
BeKOB, h Haraao oTpa^eHHe b HCKyccTBe $pecKOBtix pocnHceń xpaMOB, Sape- n te^ax , HKOHOnHcH, KHH^HOH MHHHaTOpM, nySoHHOH KapTHHKH, a TaK^e B cOBpeMeHHOM HcKyccTBe pa3HHHHMX cTH^eBMX HanpaBaeHHń - OT KaaccHKH ao MoaepHa
Tpa^HpHOHHaa KOMno3HpHa OrparaHoro cyaa BKaroaaeT b ceSa HecKoatKO
cro^eTHMx h h h h h, caeayro^Hx oaHa 3a apyroń b onpeaeaeHHOM nopaaKe,
oxBaTMBaa Bce aeTaaH KOMno3HpHH. E ^h hm m rapMOHHaHtiM aKKopaoM ohh
BocnpoH3BO^aT rpaH^HO3Hyro KapTHHy nocaeaHero CyaHoro aHa1. KHH^Htie
MHHHarropM npeacraBaaroT OTaeatHtie H3oSpa^eHHa pHKaa, nocKoatKy ohh
opHeHTHpyroTca Ha TeKcT onpeaeaeHHoń raaBti coaHHeHHa, rae HaeT onHcaHHe
cooTBeTcTByro^ero coStr ma OrparaHoro cyaa. B pe3yatTare, khh^hbihaHpeBoń
BapHaHT pacKpMBaeT TeMy CTparaHoro cyaa HecKoatKHMH caeayro^HMH apyr
3a apyroM MHHHarropaMH. Ochobhbimh cro^eTaMH KapTHHti CTparaHoro cyaa,
KOTopMe oTpa^eHM, npe^ae Bcero, b KHHrax BeTxoro h HoBoro 3aBeTOB
aBaaroTca: TpySHtm raac aHreaoB, aBaeHHe HHcyca XpHcTa Ha npecroae,
BocKperaeHHe MepTBtix h cya Haa npaBeaHHKaMH h rperaHHKaMH, KapTHHM
oÓHOBaeHHa MHpa, Top^ecTBo npaBeaHHKOB b HeSecHOM HepycaaHMe h, no
apyryro cTopoHy, - HH3Bep^eHHtie b aa rperaHHKH h hx Bear n ie MyaeHHa.
TeKcTM CBa^eHHoro nHcaHHa, KOTopie KacaroTca TeMM npeacKa3aHHń CTpa
raHoro cyaa h BO3^aaHHa «Ka^aoMy no aeaaM ero» aocraroaHO pa3po3HeHM
(otpm bkh H3 «BHaeHHa npopoKa flaHHHaa», EBaHreaHa otHoaHHa, EBaHreaHa
ot MaT^ea, AnoKaaHncHca h ap.). Ho Hapaay c TeKcTaMH CBa^eHHoro
nHcaHHa cy^ecTBOBaaH coaHHeHHa, cBoaHBraHe Bce «cBHaeTeatcTBa» KapTHHM CrparaHoro cyaa BoeaHHo. «CBoen pa3BepHyToń HKOHorpa^HaecKoń cxeMoń,
npH3BaHHoń Ha3HflaTt h HacTaBaaTt, H3oSpa^eHHe CrparaHoro cyaa S ia o
oSa3aHO coaHHeHHaM CBaTix Ot p o b - npenoaoSHoro E^peMa CHpHHa
hcBa^eHHOMyaeHHKa Hnnoarna Phmckofo, cBaTHTeaeń KHpHaaa AaeKcaHapHń-
cKoro h AHapea KeccapHńcKoro, MOHaxoB naaaaaHa h TpHropHa, pa3BHBraHx
h cHcTeMaTHaecKH H3ao^HBraHx xpHcTHaHcKoe yaeHHe o CTparaHOM cyae»
(nHBOBapoBa 2014, 14).
B aaHHoń cTarte npeacTaBaerni HccaeaoBaHHa HKOHorpa$HaecKHx paaoB
3Byx naMaTHHKOB - «^HTHe BacHaHa HoBoro» h «CaoBO naaaaaHa MHHxa».
B xoae paSoTM S ia a nocTaBaeHa 3aaaaa Ha npHMepe OTaeatHtix cnHcKOB
coHHHeHHH BiaBHTt HaHSoaee oS^He h aacTo Bcrpeaaro^Heca xyao^e-
cTBeHHMe KOMno3HpHH, cro^eTti Ha TeMy CrparaHoro cyaa, hx cBoeoSpa3He
b3aBHcHMocTH otxapaKTepa coaHHeHHa, oTMeTHTt cm aHcTHaecKHe ocoSeHHocTH
1 Cm.: HKOHa «CTparaHbiH c y a» , koh. X IV - Haa. X V b. MocKBa, YcneHcKHH coS op MocKOBcKoro KpeMaa; HKOHa «CTparaHbiH cya», X V I b. KaeB, My3eH PyccKoro HcKyccTBa (h3 c o S p .B .H . h B.H.XaHeHKo); ^pecK a «CTparaHbiH cya», 1502-1503 rr. ^epanoHTOB M O Hacript. CoSop Po:*aecTBa E o ropoflH ^i; HKOHa «CTparaHbiH cya», 1 5 8 0 -err. CoabBbiaeroacK, HcropHKO- -xy^o:*ecTBeHHMH My3ea (h3 EaaroBe^eHcKoro coSopa CoabBMaero^cKa); h
ap-pyKonnceń h xapaKTepHtie CTpyKTypHtie oTaHHHa H3oSpa3HTeatHoro pa^a. KpoMe Toro, caeaaHa nontiTKa Ha MaTepHaae no3flHHX cTapooSpaanecKHx
pyKonHceń bbwbhtb oTaeatHtie HKoHorpa^HnecKHe nepTti paHHHx 3anaflHoeB-
poneńcKHx KoaeKcoB, npocaeanrt HaHSoaee THnHHHtie nepTti BH3aHTHncKo-
pyccKon HKoHorpa^HH h oTMeTHTt BKaroneHHe 3anaflHoeBponencKHx xyao-
^ecTBeHHMx aneMeHToB peHeccaHcHoro HcKyccTBa b pyccKyro KHH^Hyro m h-
HHarropy.
PaccMoTpeHM pyKonHcH khh*h h x coSpaHHn peHTpaatHoro ypaatcKoro
perHoHa: .HaSopaTopHH apxeorpa$HnecKHx HccaeaoBaHHn YpaatcKoro $eaepaatH oro yHHBepcHTeTa (CSopHHK 1, IV.23p; CSopHHK 2, XXVI.14p; CSopHHK 3, V.77p); EKarepHHSyprcKoro nacTHoro My3ea «HeBtaHcKaa HKoHa» (HpaBoynHTeatHtin cSopHHK, 2.5p), a TaK^e cnHcoK coSpaHHa Tocyaap- cTBeHHoń nySaHHHon HaynHo-TexHHnecKon SHSaHoTeKH CHSHpcKoro
oT^eaeHHa Pocchhckoh aKa^eMHH HayK (CaoBo naaaa^Ha MHHxa, Th x. N° 17).
«^HTHe BacH^HH HoBoro»
BroaHTHńcKoe arHorpa^HnecKoe conHHeHHe X b. «^HTHe BacnaHa HoBoro
h TpHropHeBo BHaeHHe», npHnHctiBaeMoe MoHaxy TpHropHro, noapoSHo
ocBe^aeT cro^eT Ha TeMy CTparaHoro cyaa, h aBaaeTca, no MHeHHro MHorax
HccaeaoBareaen, o^hhm H3 nepBtix conHHeHHn, b kotopom cro^eT CTparaHoro
cyaa Haraea aocTaTonHo noaHoe oTpa^eHHe ( Bh h h h c k h h 1913, 277;
EycaaeB2001, 191-194; EpaTnHKoBa 2001, 289-292; flepraneBa 2004, 74;
neHTKoBcKaa2004, 128; nHBoBapoBa2014, 27-28; h ap.). B nepHoa pySe^a
TticaneaeTHn xpHcTHaHe HaxoflHaHct b o^H^aHHH KoHpa «TticaneaeTHero
papcTBa», BopapeHHa AHTHxpHcTa h npHxo^a «cyaHtix BpeMeH», no3TOMy
coBepraeHHo aoranHtiM aBaeHHeM aaa HcKyccTBa 3Toro nepHo^a Stiao cKaa- ^MBaHHe HKoHorpa^HnecKoro KaHoHa CTparaHoro cyaa.
TeKcT naMaTHHKa Ha npoTa^eHHH BeKoB npeTepneBaa onpeaeaeHHtie H3MeHeHHa. B Hacroa^ee BpeMa H3BecTHo HecKoatKo caaBaHo-pyccKHx TeK- cto bm x pe^aKpHn «^HTHa»: TpH PyccKHx pe^aKpHH (I, II, III) h TaK
Ha3MBaeMaa KoMnHaaTHBHaa, t. e. HMero^aa b cBoeM cocraBe nacTH TeKcTa H3
3Byx pa3aHHHtix pe^aKpHn (AHy^pHeBa 2010, 169-181).
TpH cnHcKa H3 $oh^ob .HAH YpOY npHHa^ae^aT k ^ByM pa3aHHHtiM
TeKcTOBtiM pe^aKpHaM - II PyccKon peaaKpHH (CSopHHK 3, V.77p, koh. XVIII -
- Han. XIX b.) h KoMnHaaTHBHon (CSopHHK 1, IV.23p, k o h. X V III b;
CSopHHK2, XXVI.14p, koh. X I Xb.). H3oSpa3HTeatHtin paa, cooTBeTcTBeHHo,
cae^yeT 3a TeKcToM h TpaHc^opMHpyeTca b 3aBHcHMocTH ot H3MeHeHHn
MHHHarrop kpa3HMM TeKCTOBtiM peaaKpnaM xapaKTepH3yroTca onpeaeneHHMM K0Mn03HpH0HHMM H o6pa3HO-CHMBOHHHeCKHM CBOeo6pa3HeM.
CnncoK ^HTHa b cocTaBe cSopHHKa IV.23p BKnronaeT b ce6a 49 MHHHa
Trop, H3 hhx 30 - oTHocaTca ko BTopon HacTH coHHHeHHH, T. e. K BHaeHHro
HHoKa TpHropHa cpeHti CTparaHoro cyaa. HKoHorpa^Ha cnHcKa HMeeT
cxo^ctbocMHHHarropaMH pyKonHcen PyccKoro CeBepa BTop. non. XVIII-XIX bb.
3to BMpa^eHo, n p e ^ a e Bcero, b oS ^h o c t h cxeM pHcyHKoB, b noaane
oTaenBHMx c m m c a o b h x 3neMeHToB, b o^opMneHHH Ka^aon MHHHaTropM
raHpoKon paMKon, a TaK^e b npeTOBon raMMe, xapaKTepHon ana ceBepHMX
pyKonHcen, b ocoSeHHocTH ceBepoaBHHcKHx ( Am o co b 1992, 131-137;
EyÓHoB 2001, 314-319; HTKHHa, 1992, 21-22, 32-34, 84, 120-121). 3to
aoMHHHpoBaHHe pBeTOB - 3eneHoro h KpacHoro, h KaK aononHeHHe k hhm
- oxpHcTtin, KopHHHeBMn, chhhh h ap., xapaKTepHMe opHaMeHTanBHMe npe-
TonHMe h apxHTeKTypHBie BKnroneHHa (Hn. 1)2. C onpeaeneHHon aonen Bepoa-
thocth mo^ho npe^nono^HTB, hto 3Ta pyKonHcB co3aaHa Ha PyccKoM CeBepe
nHÓo aBnaeTca aocTaTonHo to h h o h KonHen oaHon H3 ceBepoaBHHcKHx
pyKonHcen, nepenHcaHHon b apyroM perHoHe.
CneayeT oTMeTHTB, hto ceBepopyccKHe cTapooSpaanecKHe cnHcKH cohh-
HeHHa «^HTHe BacHnHa HoBoro» oramaroTca cTHnHcranecKHM eaHHcTBoM.
Oh h onHparoTca Ha, TaK Ha3MBaeMMn, cTHnB « c e b e p hm xn hce m»
- cno^HBrayroca k XVIII b. b pa3nHHHMX panoHax PyccKoro CeBepa
(CeB. flBHHa, nHHera, Bonoraa h ap.) oS ^hoctb o$opMHTenBcKHX TpaaHpHn.
H b to ^ e BpeMa ohh npeacTaBnaroT aocTaronHoe pa3Hoo6pa3He b noaane
KoMno3HpHoHHBix nocrpoeHHn, cHMBonHKH o6pa3oB h KonmecTBa MHHHarrop.
BepoaTHo, apKHe o6pa3M 3Toro conHHeHHa SyaHnH $aHTa3Hro xyao^HHKoB
h BaoxHoBnanH Ha co3aaHHe caMMX pa3HBix KapTHH, noMoraro^HX «HarnaaHo»
noKa3aTB nyTB xpHcTHaHHHa 3a npeaenaMH MHpa 3eMHoro. K npHMepy, oaHH H3 othckob XVIII b. coSpaHHa PHE coaep^HT HaHSonee nonHoe h noapoSHoe
nHpeBoe Bonno^eme naMaTHHKa: 25 MHHHarrop nocBa^eHBi ^H3HH h «nyaecaM»
cBaTHTena BacHnHa, 39 MHHHaTrop - «MMTapcTBaM» OeoaopBi, 63 MHHHaTropM
- CrparaHoMy Cyay (C 6o p h h k4, O a,E,n.Q .798). MHHHaTropM SyKBanBHo
nepe3 nHcT nepeayroTca c TeKcToM, aeTanBHo noKa3MBaa Bce 3TanM xo^aeHHa
ayraH h oTBeTa ee nepea EoroM Ha CrparaHoM cyae. H3 MHoroo6pa3Ha
npocMoTpeHHMX pyKonHcen «^HTHa BacHnHa Hoboio», co3aaHHMX Ha Pyc
cKoM CeBepe, He yaanocB BMaBHTB coBepraeHHo oaHHaKoBMx H3o6pa^eHHn
cnHcKoB, t. e. tohhmx KonHn MHHHarrop. TeM He MeHee, HeKoTopoe cxoacTBo
cnHcoK IV. 23p oÓHapy^HBaeT co cnHcKoM «^HTHa» XVIII b. H3 coSpaHHa
2 Cm. aHanorHHHoe o^opMneHHe b pyKonHcax: C6opHHK, X V III b. PH E. O a ^ n . Q 798; ^H TH e BacHnHa H oBoro h TpHropHeBo BHaeHHe, X V III b. PH E. O a ^ n . Q 7 1 7 ; Ebcthhk,
koh. X V I I Ib. H P aH . CeBepoaBHHcKoe, 152; ^HTHe BacHnHa HoBoro h TpHropHeBo BHaeHHe, koh. X IX b. EAH. 1.1.37 (Eypn.); h ap.
PHE no cxeMe pncyHKa, ^opMary, nopaaKy caeaoBaHna MnHnarrop, cxoacTBy
b nepeaane oTaeanHnix MOTnBOB (^nTne Bacnana HoBoro, OHfln. Q. 717).
KpoMe Toro, b o6onx cnncKax npncyTcTByeT «BnixoaHaa» MnHnarropa c n3oS-
pa^eHneM cnaa^ero 3a croaoM n nnraymero Tpnropna (Ha. 2). B pyKonncn
PHE 3Ta MnHnarropa pacnoao^eHa b cepeanHe paccKa3a o cKnTaHnax cBaTn-
Teaa Bacnana (bo3mo^ h o, 3to oranSKa npn pecraBpapnn), oHa aoa^H a
HaxoanTnca anSo b Hanaae connHeHna, anSo nepea «BnaeHneM rpnropna»,
nan, KaK b cnncKe IV.23p, bkohupnoBecTBoBaHna.
flpyraa pyKonncn coSpaHna HAH YpOY - CSopHnK BTop. noa. XIX b.
XXVI.14p no npn3HaKaM peaaKpnn noaHocrnro coBnaaaeT c pyKonncnro
IV.23p. 3to, npe^ae Bcero, - ^opMaT, KoMno3npnoHHnie peraeHna, cxeMni
pncyHKoB, nopaaoK caeaoBaHna MnHnaTrop n nx KoannecTBo. PyKonncn
BKaronaeT b ceSa 27 MnHnarrop pa3aeaa o CTparaHoM cyae. Pa3Hnpa b Koan-
necTBe MnHnaTrop oSnacHaeTca HenoaHniM cocTaBoM pyKonncn XXVI.14p. B Hen oTcyrcTByroT Tpn MnHnaTropni: «BnixoaHaa» c cnaa^nM 3a cToaoM n nnray^nM nHoKoM TpnropneM n aBe MnHnarropni c rooSpa^eHneM cToa^nx nepea Cyanen «npenoaoSHnix ^eH n MyneHnn» n «AaaMa n nponnx cBaTnix».
C rnan o^opMaeHna b pyKonncn XXVI.14p coBepraeHHo nHon, H e^ean
b cnncKe IV.23p. B HeM npeBaanpyroT aocraTonHo HeSpocKne pBeTa nan
oTTeHKn: cnHero, KopnnHeBoro, TeMHo-3eaeHoro, KpacHoro n ap. (Ha. 3). CpaB- HeHne aaHHon pyKonncn c apyrnM cnncKoM HAH YpOY - ToaKoBniM AnoKaanncncoM VII.290p (AHy^pneBa2014, 41-44, 153-171) noKa3aa yanBn-
TeanHoe cxoacTBo b o$opMnTeancKnx aeTaaax: cnocoS npopncoBKn nepco-
Ha^en, onepKoBaa MaHepa pncoBaHna San3Kaa k crnaro npnMnTnBa, npopn-
coBKa aeTaaen apxnTeKTypni, KoaopncTnKa. KpoMe Toro, coBnaaaeT nonepK
b oSonx cnncKax, t. e., BepoaTHo, nepenncniBaa n o^opMaaa 3Tn pyKonncn
oanH neaoBeK. Bo3mo^ho, oHn nMeroT ypaancKoe nponcxo^aeHne. OTannaeT
3Tn KHnrn HeKoTopaa ycaoBHocTn n3oSpa^eHnn. Xyao^HnK 3a BHeraHen «npocToTon» oSpa3oB ocraBaaeT onpeaeaeHHyro HeaocKa3aHHocTn. TaKon
cTnan b ncKyccTBe nHoraa oSo3HanaeTca KaK «HapoaHnin npnMnTnB». HMeHHo
n3 3Toro crnaa, a TaK^e n3 aySonHon KapTnHKn BnocaeacTBnn nepnaao
BaoxHoBeHne ncKyccTBo aBaHrapaa, b nacTHocra, 3KcnpeccnoHn3M (^Mn-
TpneB 1957, 350).
TaKnM oSpa3oM, rpynnnpya paccMoTpeHHnie pyKonncn no cxoaHMM npn3HaKaM (CSopHnK1, IV.23p, CSopHnK2, XXVI.14p n pyKonncn ^n T n a
coSpaHna PHE - O H fln. Q. 717), m o*ho BniaeanTn caMocToaTeanHyro
nKoHorpa^nnecKyro peaaKpnro naMaTHnKa «^nTna Bacnana HoBoro». Bce 3Tn
Tpn pyKonncn npnHaaae^aT k oaHon TeKcroBon peaaKpnn - KoMnnaaTnBHon,
b cocTaB KoTopon BxoanT TeKcT III PyccKon peaaKpnn (flMnrpna PocToBcKoro)
- paccKa3 o cBaTnTeae Bacnann n noBecTBoBaHne o MnrrapcTBax Oeoaopni, a TaK^e TeKcT II PyccKon peaaKpnn - o CTparaHoM cyae. H3oSpa^eHna
oStepHHaeT oS ^hm paa Bcex cnncKOB nopapoK caepoBaHHa MHHHaTrop h hx KOMno3HpHOHHMe noCTpoeHHa. YaHTMBaa epHHyro crnaHcTHKy cnHCKOB IV.23p
h PHB, a TaK^e cxopcTBo oTpeatHtix HKOHorpa$HaecKHX npH3HaKOB
c pyKonHcaMH ceBepopBHHcKoM TpapHpHH, c SoatraoM poaeM BepoaTHocTH
mo^ ho npepnoao^HTt, hto paHHaa HKOHorpa^Ha npoHcxopHT H3 crapo-
oSpapaecKHx MacTepcKHx PyccKoro CeBepa.
CnHcOK V.77p, TeKcT KOTOpOM MM cOOTHec^H co II PyccKOM pe^aKpHeM
copep^HT cbom HaSop H3oSpa3HTeatHoro papa. CTHaHcTHKa o^opMaeHHa
cnHcKa V.77p HMeeT apKHe oTaHHHTeatHtie aepTti. 3to Hcnoat3OBaHHe
noayTOHOB h nepexopoB pBeTa, Saaropapa cMeraHBaHHro KpacoK, a TaK^e hx
TOHKOMy Haao^eHHro, b pe3yatrare nero co3paeTca 3$$eKT noaynpo3paaHoro
KpacoHHoro caoa. CTHaHcTHKy pyKonHcH mo^ ho oSo3HaaHTt KaK S a p o a H o -
- p o K a M a t H y r o , Saaropapa HaaHHHro b pyKonHcH 3aeMeHTOB peKopa,
aKTyaatHMX paa HcKyccTBa XVIII - Haa.XIXB. (noHHHcKaa 1994, 67-68;
Bop^ 1999, 246-249; Bop^2004, 75-80). 3to cHMMeTpHHHtie aHcTBeHHMe
MOTHBM, H3rHSM apXHTeKTypHMX aHHHM, accHMeTpHHHtie BHHteTKH, KOMnO-
3h p h h H3 pepeBteB, opHaMeHTaatHMe paMKH. HeKOTopMe H3oSpa3HTeatHMe 3aeMeHTM pyKonHcH BtiraapaT ycaoBHo. K npHMepy, ropa, Ha KOTopyro
nopHaaHct aHrea h TpHropHM H3oSpa^eHa b BHpe poKaMatHoM BHHteTKH
(Ha. 4). MHHHarropti cnHcKa BtmoaHeHti Ha pocraroaHo bmcokom npo^ec-
cHOHaatHOM ypoBHe.
H3oSpa^eHHe cro^eTa o CrparaHOM cype bo Bcex paccMOTpeHHMx cnHcKax
mo^ho ycaoBHo nopeaHTt Ha oTpeatHtie HH^opMapHOHHtie SaoKH. nepBtm
SaoK nocaepoBareatHo noBecTByeT o tom, aTo npoH3oraao c hhokom TpHro-
pHeM nocae ero nepeMe^eHHa bo cHe b MHp hhom h aBaeHHoM eMy KapTHHM.
AHrea BO3Hec ero Ha BticoKyro ropy h noKa3aa MHorHe TaHHcTBa, KaK
npepBocxH^eHHe HaH npHyroTOBaeHHe k caMOMy aKTy CTparaHoro cypa:
cBep^eHHe CaraHM, coraecTBHe aHreatcKHx noaKOB Ha 3eMaro c TpySaMH,
H3Be^aro^HMH o HacTynaeHHH Cypa B o^tero, ot 3ByKOB TpyS BcTaaH H3
rpoSoB MepTBMe, a TaK^e H3 MopeM, peK, O3ep, aecoB, BO3Be^eHHe aeTtiptMa
aHreaaMH o BocKperaeHHH MepTBMx; o tom, aro BcTaaH no BceM 3eMae «bch
popH», « . . .h BcaK a3MK h BcaKo KoaeHo» (CSopHHK 1. IV.23p, 49) b o^HpaHHH
cBoeM yaacTH npep CypoM Bora; noaBaeHHe cHaro^ero KpecTa Ha npecToae,
cxo^peHHe «orHeHHoM KoaecHHpti», BO3raaraeHHe 3ByKOB TpyS h, HaKOHep,
aBaeHHe Ha oSaaKe HHcyca XpHcTa: « . . .h no chx oSaaK cBeTea h Sea aKo cHer
aeTMpMH ^hbothmmh hochm, nocpepH ^ e oSaaKa Toro Iocnopt Hara Hcyc
XpHcToc...» (CSopHHK 1, IV.23p, 54). KoaHaecTBo MHHHarrop paHHoro SaoKa
b cnHcKe V.77p — 12, b ceBepopBHHcKoM pepaKpHH (IV.23p, XXVI.14p) - 8.
B cnHcKe V.77p Soaee npocTpaHHo oTpa^eHa 3Ta aacTt cro^eTa. TaK, TpH MHHHarropM H3oSpa^aroT BHpeHHe HHOKa TpHropHa cpa3y nocae «nepeHe-
- «h h MHp cTpaHeH h aHBeH» (CSopHHK 3, V.77p, 78); MHpa Ha He6ecax
- Tocnoaa C aB ao^a b oKpy^eHHH aHrentcKoro HHHa, xepyBHMOB
h «BceBHaa^ero oKa» Haa h h m; H3oSpa^eHHe rpaaa HeSecHoro HepycaaHMa.
Coaep^aHHe pa3aeaa coHHHeHHa, pacKpBiBaro^eeca b cnHcKe V.77p TpeMa
H3oSpa^eHH3MH, b ceBepopyccKoń peaaKpHH npeacTaBaeHo to^bko o^hoh
MHHHaTropoń - yonoBHtiM H3oSpa^eHHeM rpaaa HeSecHoro HepycaaHMa.
CnHcoK V.77p HMeeT paa apyrax cBoeoSpa3HBix HepT, KoTopBie no3BoaaroT
oTHecTH ero k oTaeaBHoń HKoHorpa^HHecKoń peaaKpHH co cbohm xapaK-
TepHMM HaSopoM npH3HaKoB. n o Mepe BBiaBaeHHa apyrax cnHcKoB c aHaao-
rHHHMM noaSopoM MHHHaTrop h SoaBraero HaKonaeHHa aaHHBix no Kpyry
pyKonHceń co cxo^hm h npH3HaKaMH mo^ho SyaeT aaTB onpeaeaeHHe aaHHoń
HKoHorpa^HHecKoń peaaKpHH. noKa oSo3HaHHM ee no HoMepy cnHcKa - V.77p.
Caeayro^HM SoaBraHM phkhom MHHHaTrop conpoBo^aaeTca TeMa pa3ae-
aeHHa npaBeaHHKoB h rperaHHKoB, nepeHHcaeHHe aoSpoaeTeaeń h rpexoB
HeaoBenecKHx, Bo3aaaHHe H3SpaHHHKaM Eo^bhm h HaKa3aHHe rperaHHKaM.
npHHpHn npoTHBonocTaBaeHHa aBaaeTca 3aecB ochobhbim H3oSpa3HTeaBHBiM
npHeMoM. CHanaaa B3opy HHoKa TpHropHa npeacTaBaaeTca SoaBraaa Hepeaa
npaBeaHHKoB («MyHeHHpBi», «HcnoBeaHHpBi cBaTBia BepBi», «cBaTHTeaH»,
«Bo3^ep^HHpM h nocthhh;bi», «npopopBi», «mh.tocthbhh h HH^earoSu;Bi»,
«cynpy^HHprn HHcTBie» h ap.), k otopm x «...npH3pe TocnoaB Ha aecHBie
cTpaHM ...» (CSopHHK 1, IV.23p, 58-70; CSopHHK 2, XXVI.14p, 53-72;
CSopHHK 3, V.77p, 11-121), t. e. pacnoao^nn hx no npaByro cTopoHy ot ceSa.
3aTeM KapTHHa pe3Ko MeHaeTca, h hhok TpmopHH bh^ht «. . . r aeB TocnoaeH Ha
rperaHHKH H^e b BeTceM h HoBeM 3aKoHe corperaHraa ...» (CSopHHK 1, IV.23p,
71). ^pKo h 3MopHoHaaBHo noKa3aHBi Te, KoTopBix aHreaBi «BMeTaTH bo
orHeHHoe Mope...» (CSopHHK1, IV.23p, 71). 3to MHoroHHcaeHHBie ToanBi
rperaHHKoB - «npearoSoaeH», «pa3SoHHHHBi», «SayaHHHBi», «cKoToSayaHBi»,
«yaaBaeHHHHBi», «rHeBaHBBie h 3aonoMHHTeaH» (CSopHHK 1, IV.23p, 71-75 oS.;
CSopHHK 2, X X V I.14p, 7 4 -8 8 ; CSopHHK 3, V.77p, 124 oS .-1 32 oS.). B o^H^aHHH HeMHHyeMoro HaKa3aHHa, rperaHHKH HenpecTaHHo BocKaHpaaH,
yKopaa ceSa b coTBopeHHBix hmh rpexax, npocnaH no^aaBi. Ho TocnoaB He
no^aaea h x. 3aecB 3ByHHT raaBHaa mbichb 3cxaToaorHHecKoro coHHHeHHa
o HeoSxoaHMocthcBoeBpeMeHHoro noKaaHHa: «...cae3Bi BaraH h noKaaHHe h arae
SBicre npHHecaH npe^ae yMepTBHa Baraero, to moe^h SBicre oHHcTHTeca...»
(CSopHHK 3, V.77p, 132oS.), ho noKaaHHa He SBrno npH ^ h3h h, h TocnoaB
rHeBHo BocKaHKHyn, raaaa Ha rperaHHKoB: «...oTBiaHTe otMeHe, npoKaaTHH, bo
orHB BeHHMH ...» (CSopHHK 3. V.77p, 132 oS.). Pa3HHHHBie BHaBi rpexoB
HeaoBenecKHx npoxoaaT aepeaoń nepea B3opoM HHTareaa, CrparaHBm cya He
^aaHT HHKoro H3 rperaHHKoB, h o, no^aayn, ano$eo3oM rHeBa TocnoaHero
aBaaroTca KapTHHBi cyaa Haa epeTHKaMH. 3to - «HecTopHH», «apHH»,
IV.23p, 79-84 06.; C 6o p h h k2, XXVI.14p, 89-101; C 6o p h h k3, V.77p, 138-154).
OTnpaBHaroTca b Mope orHeHHoe k CaTaHe Bce H^eyaHBraHe o XpncTe. OTae-
HBHaa MHHHarropa OTBeaeHa H3o6pa^eHHro cyaa Haa HyaeaMH, npeaaBraHMH
XpncTa. nocKO^BKy caMO BHaeHHe rpHropna 6biho H3HaaaaBH0 BBi3BaH0 ero
coMHeHHHMH no noBoay HyaeńcKOM BepBi, 3T0My 3nH30ay KapTHHBi OrparaHoro cyaa 0TBeaeH0 oco6oe MecTo. Co6paBraHeca npea h h po m CyaHH HyaeH coKpy-
raaHHcB h ocy^aaHH MoHcea 3a to, hto oh nponoBeaoBaH, hto ecTB tohbko
oaHH Bor: «...MoHceM, tbi a&n ecH 3aK0H HaM, H^e HanHca b HeM ... Tocnoat
Bor tboh eaHH ecTB...» (C 6o p h h k3, V.77p, 149). Ha hto MoHceH oTBeaaeT
eBpeaM: «... He nHcax hh BaM b 3aK0He cHpe m[aroH]a, np[o]poKa nocTaBHT
BaM r[o cn o ]at B[o]r ot 6paTHH Baraeń...» (C 6o p h h k3, V.77p, 150). MoHceH
o6aHHaeT HyaeeB b HenoMepHOH ropaBrne, 3Ho6e h 3aBHcTH h, r aaBHoe,
b HenoHHMaHHH Bo^ecTBeHHOH h c t h h b i. H TyT aBHHca apyroH npecTOH
h «...Ha HeM BeTXHH fleHBMH 0Tep noHHBaa co eaHHopoaHBiM Cm h o m
h Chobom... Bor OTep peae k h h m, Koero bbi Bora 3aK0HHoro npH3BiBaeTe aKO ce ecTB epHHopopHMH Cm h moh h Ch obo...» (C 6o p h h k3, V.77p, 151. Hh. 5). MHHHaTropa cnHcKa V.77p KpacoHHo npeacTaBHaeT onHcaHHBiH cro^eT. B peHOM, OHa BonHO^aeT npaBocHaBHyro TpaaHpHro H3o6pa^eHHa CBaTOH
TpoHpM, t. e. b cTapaecKOM BHae Ha npecTOHe Bor-OTep, Ha apyroM npecTOHe
b papcKOM oaeaHHH Bor-CMH h Me^ay hhm h CBaTOH flyx b BHae roHy6a.
OaHaKo 3aecB ecTB HeKOTopBie «HeT0HH0cth» b noaaae MarepHaaa. B HH^HeM
perHcTpe H3o6pa^eHa H e^a^aa HaB3HHHB ^Hrypa c pacKHHyTBiMH pyKaMH, KaK
npH pacnaTHH h BHeraHe noxo^aa Ha Bora-CBma, cHaa^ero Ha npecTOHe.
B HH^HeM perHcTpe noa 3eMHeH Bceraa H3o6pa^aroTca rperaHHKH, hb aaHHOM
oayaae aoH^Ho 6mtb H3o6pa^eHHe «MyaHTeHa ^H0KHeTHaHa», okotopomT0^ e
peaB HaeT b TeKcTe. BHaHMo, nepenHcaHK aocTaTOHHo bohbho noaoraeH
k nepeaaae 3Toro cro^eTa, h h6o He coBceM ero noHaH h TaKHM o6pa30M
H3o6pa3HH OTBeprHyToro HyaeaMH XpHcTa.
B ceBepOpyccKOH peaaKpHH ecTB OTHHHHe OT TpaKTOBKH o6pa30B TpoHpBi,
npeacTaBHeHHOH b cnHcKe V.77p. 3to H3o6pa^eHHe, KOTopoe cHeayeT H3
paHHeH 3anaaHoeBponeHcK0H TpaanpHH, rae HHcyc noKa3aH cHaa^HM c KpecTOM
b pyKe (opyaHe OrpacTeń), noHyo6rn^eHHBiM h noKa3BiBaro^HM Ha rpyaH
KpoBaBMe parni.
O6e HKOHorpa^HaecKHe peaaKpHH, Ka^aaa no-cBoeMy, ho nocHeao-
BaTeHBHo h noBecTBOBaTeHBHo 0T06pa^aroT HH^opMapHro 3Toro 6H0Ka.
KoHHaecTBo MHHHaTrop b cnHcKe V.77p - 14, b ceBepopyccKOH peaaKpHH:
XXVI.14p - 15, IV.23p - 17. TeKcT pyKonHcH aaHHoro pa3aeHa noHHocTBro
npeacTaBHeH tohbko bcnHcKe IV.23p. flBa apyrHx HMeroT HenoHHMH cocTaB3.
3 B cnHcKe V.77p OTcyTcTByroT pa3aeHBi TeKcTa, Han.: « ...B nepBBix n p n n a e npenncT aa B o ro p o a n p a...» h ao pa3aeHa, Han.: « ...A ce hhopbi TpyanBraneca p a an X pncT a...». B cnHcKe X X V I.14p OTcyTcTByroT pa3aeHBi c ynoMHHaHHeM «npenoao6HBix »eH » h «cyann BeTxoro 3aBeTa».
B 3aBepmeHHe pHKna HpeT HnnrocTpamBHBiH SnoK, noBecrayro^HH o cBep-
raeHHH Cypa Bo^tero. Tocnopt Boccen Ha npecmne cnaBti cBoeK h npH3Ban
k ceSe npeHHcryro BoropopHpy, pBeHappaTt anocmnoB, ceMtpecaT cbohx
yneHHKOB. B noHe cbatohpepKBH coSpanHct Bce cB^Ttie h 6e3ipemHBie nropH.
B oSpa^eHHH Iocnopa kTpHropHro h koBceM nropaM 3ByHHT ocHOBHoe - npaBo
BtiSopa HenoBeKa: «.. .e^e xo^eTe H3SepHTe ceSe hhh^H3Ht BeHHyro hhhMyKy
SecK0HeHHyro...» (CSopHHK 1, IV.23p, 95).
Ko^HHecTBo MHHHaTrop 3Toro SnoKa: b cnHcKe IV.23p - 5, XXVI.14p - 4,
V.77p - 5. Bo Bcex cnHcKax 3to noxo^He KapTHHti, H3oSpa^aro^He npaBe-
phhkob b noHe cbatohpepKBH h nop ceHtro cB^Toro rpapa HepycanHMa. TontKo
nocnepHHe MHHHaTropti TpaKTyroT cro^eT no-pa3HOMy. B cnHcKe V.77p Ha $0He
pBeTy^en 3eMnH h pepKBH H3oSpa^eHti ^H rypti BoropopHpti, HHcyca
XpHcTa, Secepyro^Hx co cBamreneM BacHnHeM h c hhokom TpHropHeM.
ArHorpa^HHecKoe coHHHeHHe «^HTHe Bacr nHa HoBoro h TpHropHeBo
BHpeHHe» KaK nroSoK 3cxaronorHHecKHH naM^THHK xpHcraaHcK0H TpapHpHH
nponHTaHO HpeaMH o npropaHHocm MHpa cero h o HeoSxopHMocTH Ka^poMy
Bepyro^eMy BOBpeMa noKaaTtca, oHHcTHTt pymy, h TeM caMtiM noMOHt ceSe
H3Se^aTt «BeHHMx MyK». OparMeHT coHHHeHHa co cpeHaMH BceoS^ero
BocKpeceHHa h cBepmeHHa CTpamHoro cypa BMpa3HTentH0 h apK0, c HeKOTo-
poK poneK Top^ecTBeHHocTH oSpHcoBtiBaeT HenoBeKy nepcneKTHBy ero
pantHeKmero npeStiBaHHa b 3tom MHpe h 3a ero npepenaMH, craBa nepep
BtlSopOM Me^py TaKHMH Ba*HHMH KaTerOpHAMH SMITHA KaK poSpo H 3n0,
HpaBcTBeHHocTt h pacny^eHHocTt, Bepa b Bora h n^eyHHTentcTBo. HMeHHo
3tot nocnepHHK MOMeHT ocoSeHHO aKTyantHO npo3ByHan b coHHHeHHH.
«^HTHe BacHnHa HoBoro» co3paBanoct b 3noxy, Korpa Ba^HO Stmo noKa3aTt
ycnemHyro noSepy Hap epeTHHecKHMH TeneHHaMH. K X b. xpHcTHaHcKoe
BepoyneHHe, noSepHB pa3Horo popa epecH, b tom HHcne pnHBmyroca Sonee cTa
neT HKOHoSopnecKyro, 0K0HHarentH0 yTBeppHno ocHOBHtie nono^eHHa cBoeK
pOKTpHHM - O TpHepHHOK Bo^ecTBeHHOH cy^HOCTH, O Ba^HOcTH nOHHTaHHH hk o h. noaBneHHe naMaTHHKa, cbohm h HpeaMH oSnHHaro^ero He npocTO
nopoKH, a caMMK crpammin rpex - epeTHHecKoe HHaKOMticnHe, t. e. orcry-
nneHHe ot noHHMaHHa hcthhhocth Bo^ecTBeHHoro, Stino ocoSeHHO aKTya-
ntH0 b 3tot nepHop BpeMeHH. n o3T0My rnaBHOH ocoSeHHocTtro coHHHeHHa
aBnaeTca apKO Btipa^eHHaa nonHTHKO-HpeonorHHecKaa HanpaBneHHocTt,
HMero^aa, no cnoBaM O. H. BycnaeBa, « . . .hhcto Mecratm, BH3aHTHHcKHH
xapaKTep b H3oSpa^eHHH epeTHKOB, KaK caMtix KpoMemHtix rpemHHK0B...»
(BycnaeB2001, 192).
MHHHarropHMe papti cnHcKOB « ^h th s BacHnHa HoBoro», cnepya ocho-
bhmmnpaBHnaM cTpyKTypHpoBaHHa H3oSpa3HTentHMx peTaneK b cooTBeTcTBHH
c HKOHorpa^HHecKOH pepaKpHeK, peMOHcTpHpyroT pa3HooSpa3HMe cTHneBMe
o^opMHTentcKoro HCKyccTBa, KOTopoe, bo MHoroM, pa3BHBanoct Snaroflapa
npHBHeceHHro aneMeHToB c t h h h c t h k 3anaflHoeBponeńcKoro HCKyccTBa
(SapoKKo, pokoko). BKnroneHHe aneMenroB HcKyccTBa 3anaflHoro He .nHma.no
pyccKyro pyKonHcHyro KHHry coScTBeHHoń caMoStTHocTH h cBoeoSpa3Ha, nro
xopomo bh^hoHa npHMepe chhckob.HAH YpOY.
CnoBO nanna^HH MHHxa
^HTepaTypHMH naMaTHHK c nonHMM Ha3BaHHeM «B Heflenro MaconycTHyro cnoBo npenofloSHoro oTpa Hamero nannaflHa MHHxa o BTopoM npHmecTBHH
XpHcToBe, h o CrpamHoM Cyae, h o Syay^eń Mype, ho yMHneHHH aymH» Stin
npe3BtnańHo nonynapeH bapeBHepyccraoń nHTeparype. 3to conHHeHHe b 1647 r.
S tn o BMny^eHo Mockobckhm nenaTHMM flBopoM b cocTaBe «CSopHHKa H3
71 cnoBa» (y crapooSpaapeB oh nonynHn Ha3BaHHe «Bontmoń coSopHHK)
(3ontHHKoBa 2006, 138). B cBoe BpeMa pyccKHM HccnefloBareneM B. CaxapoBMM S tn o ycTaHoBneHo, nro cocTaBneHo conHHeHHe Ha ocHoBe HecKontKHx CnoB
cb. E^peMa CHpHHa (CaxapoB 1879, 148-166; 3ontHHKoBa 2006, 138).
B «CnoBe nannaflHa MHHxa» TaK^e, KaK h b « ^hthh BacHnHa HoBoro»
KpacHoń HHTtro npoxoflHT h aBnaeTca ochobhmm pe^peHoM conHHeHHa Hflea
cBoeBpeMeHHoro noKaaHHa. BtoSm He flonycTHTt cTpamHtx afloBtx MyK,
nenoBeK He aon^eH BnycKart b cBoro ^h3hb Se3HpaBcTBeHHocTt, noflnocTt,
3aBHcTB, rHeB h t.^., ho, ecnH TaKoe y ^ e cnynnnoct b ^ h3h h, Hy^Ho oTKptrrt
rna3a Ha cocToaHHe cBoeń aymH h oSpaTHTtca kBory c noKaaHHoń MonHTBoń.
C 3Toro h HanHHaeTca noBecTBoBaHHe nannaflHa MHHxa: «...H tm e Hcno-
B e^ ^ tca aym e h Htme yMHnHca, h HMHe BocnnanHca, cne3ti Tona^H
HenpecTaHHo.» (HpaBoynnrentHMń cSopHHK2.5p, 2).
KoMno3HUHoHHo TeKcT npoH3Be^eHHa BtcrpoeH npHMepHo no Toń ^ e ycnoB-
Hoń cxeMe, nro h b « ^hthh BacHnHa HoBoro». CHanana pa3BopanHBaroTca
MoHyMenranBHBie KapTHHM, npe^Baparo^He HacTynneHHe CrpamHoro cyfla: aBneHHe MHpy TpySa^Hx aHrenoB, nocne nero «...Mope Bo3MyTHTca, 3eMna
noTpaceTca h npeHcnoflHaa Bocrpene^eT...» (CSopHHK3, V.77p, 193), aBHTca
peKa orHeHHaa, KoTopaa n o ^ ^ eT 3eMnro, KaK 3HaMeHHe h npeflBecTHe
Bo^ecTBeHHoro npHmecTBHa noaBHTca Ha HeSe KpecT TocnofleH, a 3aTeM
nycToń npecTon b oKpy^eHHH aHrenoB h xepyBHMoB. Cneayro^HM SnoKoM
H^eT aBneHHe CyflHH Ha npecTone c rpo3Hoń pentro o tom, nTo BpeMa npHmno
a e p ^ a rt oTBeT 3a Bce coBepmeHHoe b 3eMHoń ^ h3h h: «...aBHTe flena Bama
h npHHMHTe M3fly no aocroaHHro BameMy...» (CSopHHK3, V.77p, 203 oS.),
caMH KapTHHM CrpamHoro cyfla, Korfla oTKpMBaroTca KHHrH h b hhx«...aBneHa
nepeHHcaaroTca rpexn aroacKHe, oTaeaaroTca npaBeaHHKH ot rperaHHKOB,
aHreati BBepraroT rperaHHKOB b peKy orHeHHyro, a npaBeaHHKH noayHaroT
BO3flaaHHe. 3aKaroHHTeatHBiM pHKaoM HaeT onHcaHHe HeSecHoro paa h cBaroro
ropowa HepycaaHMa.
OcoSeHHocTtro KoMno3HpHoHHoro nocTpoeHHa TeKcTa aBaaeTca HeoaHoK-
paTHoe Hcnont3oBaHHe npHHpHna aHTHTe3M. nepea HeaoBeKoM Bceraa ctoht
antTepHaTHBa BtiSopa, 3a kotopmh oh HeceT oTBeTcTBeHHocTt. CaMa Haea
npoH3BeaeHHa noSy^aaeT k H3ao^eHHro MaTepHaaa b BHae xpHcr aaHcKoM
nponoBeaH, t. e. b TeKcTe HenpepMBHo 3ByHHT Ha3HaaHHe, HpaBoyaeHHe,
noaToMy H3oSpa^eHHe aepeati rpexoBHocTH 3aect ^ e cMeHaeTca onHcaHHeM
cBaTocTH, KaK noKa3areaBHMH npHMep aocTOHHoń ^h3h h Bepyro^ero.
TpH cnHcKa, B3aTtie aaa aHaaH3a, b peaoM, HMeroT aHaaorHHHtm cocTaB
TeKcTa. HeSoatraHe TeKcroBtie oraHHHa oSycaoBaeHti HenoarniM cocTaBoM
HeKoTopMx cnHcKoB. CaeayeT oTMeTHTt, hto aaHHoe coHHHeHHe oramaeTca
TeM, hto b HeM HeT cTpororo aeaeHHa Ha raaBti. nepenHcHHKH BtiaeaaaH
KHHoBaptro HHHpHaaM, c KoToptx HaHHHaaHct onpeaeaeHHMe 3HaHHMtie aaa noHHMaHHa pa3aeati TeKcTa. H3oSpa3HTeatHBie paaM cnHcKoB HMeroT cy^e-
cTBeHHMe pacxo^aeHHa, hto no3BoaaeT roBopHTt o pa3aHHHMx HKoHorpa-
$HHecKHx peaaKpHax naMaTHHKa.
CnHcoK aA H ypOY V.77p - cSopHHK, bkotopomKpoMe «CaoBa naaaaaHa
MHHxa», nepBMM HaeT coHHHeHHe «^HTHe BacHaHa HoBoro». KaK y ^ e oTMeaaaoct, cnHcoK oramaeTca cBoeoSpa3HeM noaaHH HKoHorpa^HHecKoro
MarepHaaa, hto Btipa^aeTca, npe^ae Bcero, b ocoSeHHocTax cm aa, kotopmh
m m onpeaeaHaH KaK S a p o a H o - p o K a M a t H ŁiM. H3o6pa3HTeatHMe
cHcTeMM MHHHarrop 3Toro cnHcKa, t. e KoMnaeKcM onpeaeaeHHtix mothbob
h nopaaoK hx pacnoao^eHHa b «CaoBe naaaaaH a MHHxa» TaK^e HMeroT
oraHHHTeatHMe ocoSeHHocTH. CnHcoK V.77p - 3to caMocToareaBHaa peaaKpHa
c aocTaToHHo SoatraHM HaSopoM MHHHaTrop (21), b k o t o po h Ka^aaa
HaarocTpapHa aeTaatHo oToSpa^aeT TeKcT cooTBeTCTByro^eń raaBM.
HobochSh pc k h h cnHcoK (rnH T B CO PAH) coaep^HT 18 MHHHaTrop, TaK^e aeTaatHo pacKptiBaro^Hx KapTHHM CTparaHoro cyaa. flaa 3Toro cnHcKa xapaKTepHo HaeHeHHe MHHHaTrop Ha cBoeoSpa3HMe TeMaTHHecKHe ceKTopa HaH
MHHH-paccKa3M, HMero^He cxoacTBo c aySoaHoń KapTHHKoH, hto ycHaHBaeTca
BKaroaeHHeM b MHHHaTropy MHoroHHcaeHHMx nHctMeHHMx noacHeHHH.
AHaaH3 HKoHorpa^HH cnHcKa nyTeM cpaBHeHHa co cTapooSpaa^ecKHMH
pyKonHcaMH, co3aaHHMMH Ha PyccKoM CeBepe, no3BoaHa caeaart BMBoa oS
oS ^ho cth H3oSpa3HTeatHMx cHcTeM h KoMno3HpHoHHMx peraeHHH 3Toro
cnHcKa c ceBepoaBHHcKoH pyKonHcHoH TpaaHpHeń4. OTaeatHtie m o th bm
4 Cm. TaK*e: P,BeTHHK ayxoBHMH, 80-90-err. X V IIIb. BAH. KaaHK., 187; CSopHHK, 50-60-err. XVIII b. PHB. KaaHK., 44; CSopHHK, XVIII b. PHB. O a^n. Q.25; hap.
h penme KoMno3HpHoHHMe nocTpoeHHH HoBocHSHpcKoro cnncKa nonHocTtro coBna^aroT c H3oSpa3HTentHMMH peraeHHaMH ceBepoflBHHcKHx pyKonHcen.
HanpHMep, xapaKTepHMH npHeM b H3oSpa^eHHH «peKH orHeHHon» - b BHfle
Sontraoro noxMaroro noToKa, Hfly^ero no flHaroHanH cBepxy h cneBa HanpaBo,
h c^Hraro^ero Ha nyTH pacTeHHa, ^hbothmx h nroflen, a b npaBoM BepxHeM
perHcTpe - aHrenM noflflep^HBaroT Ha oSnaKe npaBeflHHKoB (Hn. 6)5. Bontraoe
KonHnecTBo «coBnafleHHn» b oTflentHMx H3oSpa^eHHax h penrnx KoMno-
3h ph o h h m x nocTpoeHHn MHHHaTrop no3BonaeT HaM oTHecTH 3th pyKonHcH
k oflHon pe^aKpHH, Ha3oBeM ee no MecTy npoHcxo^fleHHa c e B e p o f l B H -
hc ko n. OflHaKo, cTHnHcTHKa paccMoTpeHHtix cnHcKoB pa3nHnHa. PyKonHcH,
HMero^He ceBepopyccKoe npoHcxo^fleHHe oTnHnaroTca, npe^fle Bcero, apKHMH cohhm m h pBeTaMH - coneTaHH^MH KpacHoro c 3eneHMM h hx orreHKoB.
O rocnoflcTBe b pyccKon ^HBonHcH KpacHoro h 3eneHoro, o hx npoTHBo-
nono^HocTH h oflHoBpeMeHHo rapMoHHH anon KHHoBapH c 3eneHoBaTMMH
hSneflHo-onHBKoBtiMH ToHaMH xoporao cKa3an b cbohx3aMeTKax M. BonoraHH:
«...rnaflHrat H3flanH KaK Ha KpaconHMe naTHa - BHflHrat paflocTt, nonHoTy
3eMHon ^h3h h, yraep^fleHHe SMTHa. PaccMarpHBaerat BSnH3H: Bce roBopHT
o CMepTH h Cyfle...» (BonoraHH 2014, 168). Oh oSnacHaeT, hto b TaKon
pacpBeTKe «...cKa3tiBanact Bca nonHoTa ^ h3h h, paflocrmin h3Smtok roHoro
cnaB^HcTBa, kotopmh mm 3HaeM no pBeTaM BMraHBoK h Kycraprnrc paSoT...»
(BonoraHH2014, 168). no-flpyroMy BMrnaflaT MHHHarropM hobochShpckoto
cnHcKa. 3to To^e oSHnHe KpacHoro h 3eneHoro, ho flocTaTonHo npHrny-
raeHHMx oTTeHKoB, a TaK^e HanHnHe cHHero, nepHoro, TeMHo-KopHnHeBoro pBeToB. KpoMe Toro, cranHcranecKon ocoSeHHocTtro cnHcKa aBnaeTca
cMeraeHHe 3neMeHToB noMopcKoro, BeTKoBcKoro h rycnHpKoro cTHnen,
ocoSeHHo nacTo npocMarpHBaro^eroca b HHHpHanax. npHMeHeHHe nofloSHoro
fleKopa mo^ ho npocneflHTt TaK^e b paSoTax ypantcKHx MacTepoB raap-
TaracKHx cKpHnTopHeB (AHy^pHeBa 2005, 16-19; BenoSopofloB 2005, 343-362).
CnHcoK rnH T B CO PAH Stin npHBneneH k HccnefloBaHHro Hapafly c ypant-
ckhmh pyKonHcaMH KaK noKa3arentHMn oSpa3ep raHpoKoro pacnpocTpaHeHHa
h Hcnont3oBaHHa HKoHorpa^HnecKon peflaKpHH, cno^HBraenca Ha PyccKoM
CeBepe, b flpyrHx pocch h ck h x perHoHax, b nacTHocTH, ypano-cHSHpcKHM
cTapooSpaflnecTBoM.
CnHcoK My3ea «HeBtaHcKaa HKoHa» 2.5p HMeeT cboh apKHe oTnHnH-
TentHMe ocoSeHHocTH. «CnoBo nannaflHa MHHxa» BKnroneHo 3flect b pafl
flpyrHx conHHeHHn HpaBoynHTentHoro xapaKTepa, b pe3yntTaTe nero, Bca
pyKonHct npeflcTaBnaeT coSon, cBoero pofla, HarnaflHoe 3THKo-BocnHTarentHoe
nocoSHe, rfle b Hanane KnenMaTca nroflcKHe rpexH h 3aSny^fleHHa
5 Cm. aHanorHHHoe H3oSpa»eHHe: CSopHHK, X V I I Ib. PHB. O Ą flp . Q.721, 1 0 o S .; CSopHHK, X V ffl b. PHB. O ^ ^ n . Q.25, 63 oS.; h flp.
c HenpeMeHHtiM onHcaHHeM HaKa3aHHH 3a hh x, a b KOHpe cSopHHKa cBoeo-
6pa3HMM rHMHOM 3ByHHT BOCxBaaeHHe floSpOfleTeaH, npaBeflHOCTH H HHCTOTBI
AyraeBHOH. Heo6xoflHMo oTMeTHTt TaaaHT nepenHCHHKa cSopHHKa, npoaBH-
Braero ceSa, b nepByro oaepeat, b KaaecTBe rpaMOTHoro cocTaBHTeaa, yMeao
Hcnoat3yro^ero pa3aHHHtie TeKCTti coaHHeHHH h, KOHeHHo ^e, He3aypa^Horo
xyflo^HHKa-fleKopaTopa, o^opMHBraero pyKonHct Ha BBicoaaMraeM ypoBHe MaCTepCTBa (Ha. 7).
HKOHorpa^Ha «CaoBa naaaa^Ha MHHxa» pyKonHCH MHH b ochobhbix
aepTax SaH3Ka ceBepHtiM pyKonHcaM. OcoSeHHo noKa3aTeaeH cnHcOK
«U,BeTHHKa» Haa. XX b., o^opMaeHHoro b MacTepcKOH xyao^HHKOB
KaaHKHHtix (U,BeTHHK 1.1.40 (Bypp.). TBopaecTBo xyao^HHKOB KaaHKHHtix
onHpaaoct Ha cTHaHCTHKy « c e B e p H H x n H c e m» 6. OflHaKo npoH3BeaeHHa,
co3^aHHMe b MacTepcKOH KaaHKHHMx He Sbmh caentiM KonHpoBaHHeM Soaee
paHHHx o6pa3poB. 3to Stiao, cBoero po^a, TBopaecKHM npoaoa^eHHeM
Tpa^HpHH, pa3BHTHeM ee b ycaoBHax apyroro BpeMeHH (koh. XIX - Haa.
XX b.). CpaBHHTeatHMH aHaaH3 HKOHorpa^HH pyKonHCH KaaHKHHtix h MHH
(HpaBoyHHTeatHMM cSopHHK 2.5p) noKa3aa caeayro^ee hx cxoacTBo: b Haaaae
K am oro cnHCKa BocnpoH3BeaeHa 3acTaBKa-paMKa h SoatraoM opHaMeH-
THpOBaHHMH HHHpHaa nOMOpCKOM CTHaHCTHKH; MHHHaiTOptl KOMnO3HpHOHHO
BMCTpoeHM o^HHaKOBo (t. e. cxeMa pacnoao^eHHa nepcoHa^eM h mothbob), ho
no^aaa H3oSpa3HTeatHoro MarepHaaa b Ka^aoM cnHCKe cBoa. K npHMepy,
mo^ho cpaBHHTt H3oSpa^eHHa paa c npaBe^HHKaMH h rperaHHKOB b a^oBOM
orHe 3t h x 3Byx pyKonHceM (Ha. 8, 9). B Ka^aoM cnHCKe no-CBoeMy
npe^CTaBaeH «xapaKTep» nepcoHa^eM: Soaee cTamarnie ^Hrypti b pyKonHCH
MHH h Soaee 3MopHOHaatHtie h «3HeprHHHtie» y KaaHKHHtix. KoamecTBo
MHHHarrop b cnHCKe MHH 3HaaHTeatHo MeHtrae (12), aeM b cnHCKe BAH (27).
TaKHM oSpa3OM, mo^ ho npe^noao^HTt, htoxyao^HHK, o^opMaaBraHH «CaoBo
naaaa^Ha MHHxa», Bxo^a^ee b cocTaB cnHCKa MHH, opHeHTHpoBaaca Ha
KOMno3HpHOHHMe cxeMti, BtipaSoTaHHtie KaaHKHHMMH, ho Hcnoat3OBaa hx
AOCTaroHHo TBopnecKH, nepeocMticaaa no-CBoeMy oSpa3 Kamoro nepcoHa^a,
Btiaeaaa oTfleatHtie mothbbi pBeTOM h tohkoh npopHcOBKOH, aKpeHTHpya
BHHMaHHe Ha OCoSeHHO 3HaHHMMx MeCTax TeKCTa COHHHeHHa.
TaKHM oSpa3OM, HKOHorpa^Ha «CaoBa naaaa^Ha MHHxa», npeacraBaeHHaa
b cnHCKe MHH HeceT b ceSe KaK aepTti Tpa^HpHH (HCKyccTBo PyccKoro
CeBepa, pa3BHBraeeca h noayaHBraee HOBtie xapaKTepHtie aepTti Saaro^apa
TBopaecTBy TaaaHTaHBtix xyao^HHKOB KaaHKHHtix), TaK hapKoro CBoeoSpa3Ha
xyflo^ecTBeHHoro noaepKa o^opMHTeaa pyKonHCH, KOTopoe Btipa^eHo, npe^ae
Bcero, b yTOHaeHHOH MaHepe xyao^ecTBeHHoro Btipa^eHHa c Hcnoat3OBaHHeM
6 Cm. Soaee paHHHM aH aaor pyKonHCH KaaHKHHMx: CaoBo n a aa a^ H a MHHxa, koh. X V III b. PHB. O a ^ n . Q. 630.
CBeTOTeHeBOH MOflyaHpOBKH, B HCnOaB3OBaHHH HeoSbIHHOH apKOH na^HTpM
pBeTOB ot po3OBo-aHaoBoro flo TeMHo-^HoaeTOBoro, b xapaKTepHoń rpa^HKe
naaamoro nHCBMa cfleTaatHOH npopHCOBKOH h BKaroaeHHeM opHaMeHTaabHbix
MOTHBOB. nOflOÓHMH xyflO^eCTBeHHbIH CTHab SaH3OK K CTHaro O^OpMaeHHa
pyKonHceń, npeflnoao^HTeabHO, co3flaHHtix b noBoa^CKOM perHOHe7.
3aBepraaa oS3op HKOHorpa^HH CnHCKOB flByx cohhhchhh, caeflyeT e ^ e pa3
OTMeTHTB, HTO 3TO TOaBKO OflHa H3 H3oSpa3HTeabHbix ipaHeH BCeH peaOCTHOH
KapTHHM CTparaHOrO cyfla. «^HTHe BacHaHa HOBOrO h rpHropHeBO BHfleHHe»
h «CaoBO naaaaflHa MHHxa» 3HaaHTeatHO oSorarnaH npeflCTaBaeHHe o Crpa-
raHOM cyfle b paMKax caaBaHO-pyccKOH KyabTypti, a HKOHorpa^Ha 3thx
naMaTHHKOB BOcnoaHHaa aaKyHti b xyflo^ecTBeHHoń HHTepnpeTapHH o6pa3OB,
BcaeflCTBHe nero Bca 3cxaroaorHaecKaa KOMno3HpHa npeBparnaacb b eflHHyro
CBa3Hyro KapTHHy.
nepeHHCHHM OCHOBHMe o6pa3M H CHMBOatl 3THx flByx npOH3BefleHHH, KOToptie flonoaHHaH KapTHHM CTparaHoro cyfla: H3oSpa^eHHe «orHeHHoń
peKH», Hfly^eń ot npecm aa b h h3 b npeHcnoflHroro («CaoBO naaaaflHa
MHHxa»), HHOrfla BMeCTO peKH H3o6pa^eHHe «3Mea MMTapCTB» (^HTHe
BacHaHa HoBoro»), OTfleaeHHe npaBeflHHKOB ot rperaHHKOB HanpaBO ot
npecm aa h HaaeBo («oflecHyro» h «orayroro») h H3oSpa^eHHe npaBeflHHKOB
bparo, a rperaHHKOB bafly (o6a coaHHeHHa), H3oSpa^eHHe AHTHxpHCTa b orHeH-
hom O3epe, flep^a^eM bpyKax flyray Hyflti («CaoBO naaaaflHa MHHxa»), MyKH
rperaHHKOB, pa3fleaeHHtix no BHflaM rpexoB no OTfleatHbiM CeKTopaM («CaoBO
naaaaflHa MHHxa»). KpoMe Toro, b HKOHorpa^HH o6ohx naMaTHHKOB npHcy-
TCTByeT oS^aa CHMBoaHKa, xapaKTepHaa flaa BCex coaHHeHHH xpHCTHaHCKOH
3cxaroaorHHecKOH HanpaBaeHHOcth- BHfleHHe CHfla^ero Ha npecToae b opeoae
caaBti h b OKpy^eHHH aHreatCKoro HHHa, oSpa3M CBaTOH TpoHpti, pacKpMTMe
KHHrH, anocToati h CBaTMe.
npoaHaaH3HpoBaHHMe xyflo^ecTBeHHbie KOMno3HpHH cnHCKOB KoaaeKpHH
Ypaao-CHÓHpcKoro perHOHa flaroT b o3m o^ h o c t b raHpe npeflCTaBHTB
pa3HOoSpa3He noflxoflOB h MeTOflOB noflaaH H3oSpa3HTeabHoro MarepHaaa. 3to
pa3HOoSpa3He roBopHT o SoraTCTBe TBopaecKoro noTeHpHaaa CTapoo-
SpaflaecKHx nepenHCHHKOB h o^opMHTeaeń, o ^HByaecTH xyflo^ecTBeHHtix
TpaflHpHH KHHrOnHCHOrO MaCTepCTBa H O naOflOTBOpHOM Hx pa3BHTHH B COOTBe- tctbhh c BeaHHeM BpeMeHH. Oho cBHfleTeatcTByeT o B3aHMOfleńcTBHH Me^fly
CTapooSpaflaecKHMH oS^HHaMH h oTfleatHMMH aroflBMH, o fleaTeatHocTH
CTapooSpaflaecKHx CKpHnTopHeB h MacTepcKHx, h, KOHeaHO ^e, o TaaaHTax
xyflo^HHKOB-fleKoparopoB h nepenHCHHKOB KHHr
7 Cm. pyKonHCH aHaaorHHHoro CTHaa o^opMaeHHa: Oktohx, cep. X IX b. a A H Y p ^ Y I.9p; AnoKaaHncHC, BTop. noa. X I Xb. PHB. O ^ ^ n . F.10.
En6.morpa$HH
Amocob, A. A. (1992), KHHronacHaa MacTepcKaa TapHorcKHX KpecTtaH K aa0 K0 Hbix. B: TpaflHpaoHHaa qyxoBHaa 0 MaTep0aatHaa KyatTypa pyccK0X cTapoo6paqHecK0x 0oceaeH00 b cTpaHax EBpoow, A300 0 AMep0K0 . HoBoc060pcK, 131-137.
AHy®PHEBA, H. B. (2005), HaaroM0H0poBaHHwe pyKO00c0 ^peBaexpaH0B0^ a BAH Y p r y (k BO0pocy o Kaacc0$ 0Kaq00). B: ypaatcK 00 c6opH0K. HcTop0a. KyatTypa. P em raa. EKaTep0H6ypr, bm0. 4, 3-27.
AHy®PHEBA, H. B. (2009), O a0qeBbix c00cKax « ^ 0T0a Bac0a 0a HoBoro 0 Tp0rop0eBa B0qeH0a»: k0ocTaHOBKe 0po6aeMbi. B: ypaatcK00 c6opH0K. HcTop0a. KyatTypa. P&rnraa. EKaTep0H6ypr, BH0. 7, 154-168.
Aqy®PHEBA, H. B. (2010), O6 oco6eHHocTax 6wTOBaH0a « ^ 0T0a Bac0a 0a HoBoro 0 Tp0ro- p0eBa B0qeH0a» b cpeqHeBeKoBtix kh0*hhx Tpaq0q0ax. B: BecTH0K My3ea «HeBtaHcKaa 0KoHa». EKaTep0H6ypr, bm0. 3, 161-232.
Aqy®PHEBA, H .B / n o00HcKaa, H. B. (2014), ^ 0qeBwe a0oKaa00c0cti ypaaa. EKaTep0H6ypr. Bebobopo^ob, C. A. (2005), mapTam - cTapoo6paqBecK00 pa0 (03 0cTop00 «mapTamcKo0
Bepw» Ha ypaae b XVIII - 0epBo0 0oaoB0He XX bb.). B: O6^ecTBeHHaa mhcbb0 Tpaq0q00 pyccKo0 qyxoBHo0 KyatTypw b 0cTop00ecK0x 0 B0TepaTypHbix 0aMaTH0Kax XVI-XX bb. HoBoc000pcK, 343-362.
Bop^ , E. B. (1999), ®paHqy3cKaa poKa0atHaa B0HteTKa KaK qeKopaT0BHbi0 saeMeHT cTapo- o6paqBecKo0 KH0r0 XVIII b. B: HcTop0a qepKB0 : 03yneH0e 0 0pe0oqaBaH0e. EKaTep0H6ypr, 246-249.
Bop^ , E. B. (2004), ®paHqy3cKaa KH0»Haa 0aarocTpaq0a XVIII BeKa. O0HT o00caH0a 0 aHaa03a. B: Tpa^0Ka 03 Hp60Ta. C6. cTaTe0, Hp60T, 75-80.
Bpathhkoba, E. K. (2001), ^0qeBoe ^ 0T0e Bac0a 0a HoBoro KaK 0KoHorpa^0HecK00 0ctohh0k HapoqHo0 acxaToaor0 0 . B: CTapoo6paqqecTBo: HcTop0a 0 coBpeMeHHocTt. M ecratie Tpaq0q0 0 . PyccK0e 0 3apy6e»Hbie cBa30. yaaH -yq3, 289-292.
ByBHOB, H. ro . (2001), ^0qeBwe pyKo00c0 cTapoo6paqHecKo0 KH0ro00cHo0 MacTepcKo0 BoaoroqcK0x KpecTtaH Kaa0K0Htix. B.: CTapoo6paqqecTBo: HcTop0a 0 coBpeMeHHocTt. MecTHwe Tpaq0q00. PyccK0e 0 3apy6e»Hbie cBa30. yaaH -y^s, 314-319.
BycaAEB, ®. H. (2001), H3o6pa»eH0e CTpamHoro Cyqa 0o pyccK0M 0oqa0HH0KaM. B: .flpeBHe- pyccKaa mTepaTypa 0 0paBocaaBHoe 0cKyccTBo. CaHKT-neTep6ypr, 187-208.
BoaomHH, M. (2014), BeMy ynar 0kohw. B: HcKyccTBo 0 0cKyc. CaHKT-neTep6ypr, 164-170. BmHHCKHH, C. (1913), ^ 0T0e cBaToro Bac0a 0a HoBoro b pyccKo0 mTepaType. Oqecca. ^EPrABEBA, H. B. (2004). nocMepTHaa cyqt6a 0 «0ho0 M0p» b qpeBHepyccKo0 kh0»hoct0 .
MocKBa, 71-92.
^mhtpheb, ro . (1957), O6 0cToaKoBaH00 qpeBHepyccKoro 0cKyccTBa. B: TO ^PB. MocKBa- BeH0Hrpaq, t. XIII, 345-362.
^ 0T0e Bac0a0a HoBoro 0 Tp0rop0eBo B0qeH0e. O ^ ^ n . Q. 717, XVIII b. PHB.
3oatHHKOBA, H. ,3,. (2006), EKarep0H6yprcK00 HpaBoyH0TeabHbi0 c6opH0K KoHqa XIX - Hanaaa XX b. 03 co6paH0a My3ea «HeBtaHcKaa 0KoHa» (r. EKaTep0H6ypr). B: O6^ecTBeHHoe co3HaH0e HaceaeH0a Pocc00 0o oTenecTBeHHWM HappaT0BHWM 0cTo^H0KaM XVI-XX bb. HoBoc000pcK, c6. Hayn. Tp., 138-157.
Htkhha, E. H. (1992), PyccK00 p0coBaHHw0 ay6oK. MocKBa. HpaBoy00TeabHw0 c6opH0K 2.5p, koh. XIX - Han. XX b., MHH.
OTKp. 22:12, A0oKaa00c0c 0^0 OTKpoBeH0e HoaHHa BorocaoBa. B: B06a 0a. Hobłm 3aBeT. nEHTKOBCKAa, T. B. (2004), ,3 peBHe0m00 caaBaHcK00 0epeBoq ^ 0T0a Bac0a 0a HoBoro 0 ero
rpenecK00 op0r0Haa. B: B03aHT00cK00 BpeMeHH0K. MocKBa, t. 63, 114-128.
noHHHCKAa, H. B. (1994), CTapoo6paqqecKoe KH0ro0eHaraH0e XVIII - 0epBo0 0eTBepT0 XIX BeKa. EKarep0H6ypr.
nHBOBAPOBA, H. B. (2014), CTpamHMH cyq. CaHKT-neTep6yp r.
Caxapob, B. (1879), 3 c x aro a o r0 H e cK 0 e coBHHeHaa 0 cKa3aH0a b flpeBHepyccKofi 0 0 CBMeHHocT0 0 BB0aH0 e 0x Ha HapoflHwe qyxoBHbie cT0X0 . T yaa.
C6opH0 K 1. IV .23p, koh. X V m b., ^ A H Y p ® y . C6opH0 K 2. X X V I.14p, koh. X IX b., m H y p ® y . C6opH0 K 3. V .77p, koh. X V III - Han. X IX b., ^ A H y p ® y . C6opH0 K 4. O ^ q n . Q. 798, X V III b., PH E.
Cbobo n a a a a f l0a MH0x a T 0x. N° 17, Han. X IX b., r n H T E C O PA H . ^ e T H0 K flyxoBHH0 . 1.1.40 (E ypq.), H a q .X X B ., EAH.
CnacoK coKpameHim
PH E - P o cc0 0 cKaa H aq 0 OHaatHaa 606a 0 OTeKa O ^ q n - O E^ecTBo aro60Teae0 qpeBHe0 0 0 ctMeHHocT0 E A H - E06a 0 OTeKa AKaqeM00 HayK
H P ^ H - HHcT0TyT PyccKO0 a 0Teparypbi 0 0 cKyccTBa OTKp. - OTKpOBeH0e
TO ,3,P^ - T p y q ti OTqeaa qpeBHepyccKO0 m T ep aT y p ti K aa0 K. - K aa0 K0 H (co6p.)
E ypq. - EypqoB (co6p.) T0x. - T0xoM0poB (co6p.)
