• Nie Znaleziono Wyników

Moroń, M. (2016). Emotion understanding, aggressiveness and hostility. Mediatory role of empath, alexithymia and Machiavellianism – Back Content of Social Psychological Bulletin (Psychologia Społeczna)

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Share "Moroń, M. (2016). Emotion understanding, aggressiveness and hostility. Mediatory role of empath, alexithymia and Machiavellianism – Back Content of Social Psychological Bulletin (Psychologia Społeczna)"

Copied!
18
0
0

Pełen tekst

(1)

!"

#$%&'()*+,!-".,/0&1*$2$)(3,4%$561783 Psychologia Spo eczna

2016 tom 11 3 (38) 321–338 944:,,";<.=";-->$(?,"-@A ..B";<.";--!-". ;-A

,C$7DE(68(6,6E$1F(,

3,3)'60&G8$HI,(,G'$)$HI@,J6>(31&F83,'$23,6E%3+((K,

326L0&+&E((,(,E3L(3G62(7ED

J3'1(8,J$'$M

Wydzia Pedagogiki i Psychologii, Uniwersytet !l"ski w Katowicach

N,3'+&LD26,73%'6768+$G38$,G&8(L(,>GO1*,P3>3M,L$'6231&F8&1*,Qn =,"R!,(,n =,"S;TK,G,L+O'&1*,3832(7$G38$, 0+'DL+D'U,7G(V7LOG,E(U>7&,7>$28$H1(V,'$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(,3,'OW8&E(,X$'E3E(,3)'60&G8$H1(@,N&L3738$,P'3L, (0+$+8&1*,P67%$H'6>8(1*,7G(V7LOG,E(U>7&,'$7DE(68(6E,6E$1F(,3,3)'60&G8$H1(V@,N,+$LD,3832(7,E6>(31&F= 8&1*,G&%'31$G38$,E$>626,'6231F(,E(U>7&,'$7DE(68(6E,6E$1F(,3,'OW8&E(,X$'E3E(,3)'60&G8$H1(K,G,L+O= '&1*,7E(688&E(,%$H'6>8(17V1&E(,P&5&,>G3,G&E(3'&,6E%3+((?,$0$P(0+3,%'7&L'$HI,(,%'7&FE$G38(6,%6'0%6L= +&G&,$'37,>G3,G&E(3'&,326L0&+&E((?,76G8U+'78(6,7$'(68+$G386,E&H268(6,(,+'D>8$H1(,G,(>68+&X(L31F(,6E$1F(@ 45$G3,L2D17$G6?,rozumienie emocjiK agresywno#$K wrogo#$K empatiaK aleksytymiaK makiawelizm

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`3826'+K,a*6$'622K,N60+6'2D8>K, b3EE3'0+'cEK,!-"!Z,4E(+*K,^2376'K,CD(7K,^322$K,!--SZ, 4$D'38>6'K,b60+623K,b6268(D0K,/(*3K,!---T@,N0L37386,L$806= LG681F6,G'$)$H1(,(,3)'60&G8$H1(,0L538(3FV,>$,%$07DL(G38(3, 17&88(LOG,E$)V1&1*,$P8(W3I,%$7($E,$PD,0L5$88$H1(@, Y(1786,P3>38(3,%$+G(6'>73FVK,(W,>$,+3L(1*,17&88(LOG, E$W83,732(17&I,7>$28$H1(,6E$1F$83286,Qd'31L6++K,J3&6'K, !-- Z,C(_6'0K,d'31L6++K,eE$'(K,4(1L26'K,!-" T@ N&0$L(,%$7($E,7>$28$H1(,6E$1F$8328&1*,F60+,0L$'62$G3= 8&,7,8(W07V,0L5$88$H1(V,>$,3)'60F(K,%'76E$1&K,G38>32(7ED, (,(88&1*,731*$G3M,30%$56178&1*,Qd'31L6++K,J3&6'K,!-- Z, ^(2=e23'+6K,/32$E6'3K,d'31L6++K,!--.Z,J60+'6K,^D(2K,Y$%60K, 432$_6&K,^D(2=e23'+6K,!--.Z,/32$E6'3K,[6'838>67=d6''$132K, d'31L6++K,!--;Z,CDP(8K,"<<<Z,N(8+6'0K,#2(X+K,\D++$8K,!--ST@, f,%D8L+D,G(>768(3,'6)D231F(,731*$G38(3,%$>0+3G$G6,783= 1768(6,E3FV,7>$28$HI,73'7V>738(3,6E$1F3E(,$'37,7>$28$HI, '$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(,Qd'31L6++K,J3&6'K,N3'86'K,!--ST@,Y$%60K, J60+'6K,^D(2K,g'6E68(+76'K,432$_6&,Q!-"!T,G&L3732(K,W6, 7>$28$HI,73'7V>738(3,6E$1F3E(,F60+,DF6E8&E,%'6>&L+$'6E, 731*$G3M,30%$56178&1*,Qdisruptive behaviorT,(,G'$)$H1(, Q%$'@,Y$%60K,432$_6&K,4+'3D0K,!-- T@,\$,+6F,%$'&,8(6,7G6= '&X(L$G38$,F6>83L,G,0%$0OP,G&176'%DFV1&,7G(V7LOG, 7>$28$H1(,'$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(,7,3)'60&G8$H1(V,(,G'$)$H1(V@ #626E,%'6768+$G38&1*,P3>3M,P&53,3832(73,0+'DL+D'&, 7326W8$H1(,E(U>7&,7>$28$H1(V,'$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(,3,G'$= )$H1(V,(,3)'60&G8$H1(VK,0+38$G(V1&E(,(0+$+86,%'6>&L+$'&, '7617&G(0+6)$,731*$G38(3,3)'60&G86)$,Qd6++681$D'+K, a3226&K,d68F3E(8K,h3268+(86K,!--.T@,:3,%$>0+3G(6,3L+D32= 8&1*,E$>62(,3)'60&G8$H1(,73%'$%$8$G38$,(,%'76+60+$G38$, 'OG8(6W,E$>626,E6>(31&F86K,G,L+O'&1*,%'76G(>&G38$K, (W,7G(V76L,7>$28$H1(,'$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(,7,3)'60&G8$H1(V, (,G'$)$H1(V,F60+,73%$H'6>8(17$8&,%'767,6E%3+(U,>&0%$7&= 1&F8VK,326L0&+&E(U,(,E3L(3G62(7E@ !"#$"%&'(")*+,-$,.'-+"/0, f>$28$HI,'$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(,$>8$0(,0(U,>$,DE(6FU+8$H1(, '$7DE(68(3,(8X$'E31F(K,L+O'6F,8$H8(L(6E,F60+,0+38,3X6L+&G8&, J3'1(8,J$'$MK,N&>7(35,/6>3)$)(L(,(,/0&1*$2$)((K,i8(G6'0&+6+,j2V0L(K, D2@,^'3W&M0L(6)$,R K,S-="!.,g3+$G(16K, 6=E3(2?,E3'1(8@E$'$8kD0@6>D@%2 \7(ULDFU,C6168768+$E,73,16886,DG3)(K,L+O'6,DE$W2(G(5&,%$%'3G(68(6, +6L0+D,$'37,7E$P(2(7$G35&,>$,>3207&1*,3832(7,%'$P26ED,P3>3G176)$@

(2)

!!,

JlC#9:,JeCem Qaffect-laden informationTK,$'37,>$,6X6L+&G86)$,L$'7&0+38(3, 7,G(6>7&,6E$1F$83286F,Q432$_6&K,"<<<T@,C$7DE(68(6,6E$1F(, $P6FEDF6,+'3X86,837&G38(6,(,L3+6)$'&7$G38(6,6E$1F(,Q#2$'6K, e'+$8&K,[$00K,"<;AZ,98860=g6'K,:(6>6+*32K,!--!T,$'37,7>$2= 8$HI,3832(7$G38(3,'6231F(,%'7&17&8$G$=0LD+L$G&1*,E(U>7&, 7>3'768(6E,3,6E$1FVK,+$,78317&,73'OG8$,%'76G(>&G38(6, 6E$1F(,83,%$>0+3G(6,$%(0D,0&+D31F(K,F3L,(,(>68+&X(L$G38(6, 17&88(LOG,0&+D31&F8&1*K,L+O'6,G&G$535&,$L'6H2$8&,0+38, 6E$1F$8328&,QJ31#388K,C$P6'+0K,!--;Z,J3&6'K,432$_6&K, "<<AT@,e0$P&,$,G&0$L(6F,7>$28$H1(,'$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(, E3FV,+3LW6,P$)3+V,G(6>7U,$,%'76E(3831*K,F3L(E,0+38&, 6E$1F$83286,D26)3FV,G,>&83E(16,0&+D31F(,0%$56178&1*, Qd'31L6++K,C(_6'0K,432$_6&K,!-""T@ f>$28$HI,'$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(,E3,(0+$+86,7831768(6,G,3>3%= +31F(,0%$561786F,Q433'8(K,"<<<T@,^5UP076,'$7DE(68(6,6E$1F(, F60+,%$G(V7386,76,0+$0$G38(6E,6X6L+&G8(6F07&1*,0+'3+6= )((,'$7G(V738(3,L$8X2(L+OG,(,26%07&E,'3>768(6E,0$P(6, G,L'&+&178&1*,0&+D31F31*,(8+6'%6'0$8328&1*K,83,%'7&L53>, %'$G$L31F(,Q\68*3E,(,(8@K,!-- Z,^'668P6')K,gD01*6K,C())0K, !--STK,%'76L53>3,0(U,83,0L5$88$HI,>$,(8+6'%'6+$G38(3, 0&+D31F(,7,%6'0%6L+&G&,(886F,$0$P&,(,G7PD>738(6,6E%3+((, Q\68*3EK,"<<;T,$'37,G(VW6,0(U,7,$)O28V,L$E%6+681FV, 0%$56178V,Qa'68+31$0+3K,[(86K,!-"-T@,\6X(1&+&,G,73L'60(6, '$7'OW8(38(3,(,(>68+&X(L$G38(3,6E$1F(,G&G$5DFV,7,L$26(, %'$P26E&,P6*3G($'3286,G,73L'60(6,D1768(3,0(U,$'37,G,'623= 1F31*,7,'OG(6H8(L3E(,Q973'>,(,(8@K,!--"Z,a'68+31$0+3K,[(86K, !-"-T@ 12(-345$"%& l)'60&G8$HI,$783173,0L5$88$HI,>$,38)3W$G38(3,0(U, G,3L+&,X(7&1786F,(,G6'P3286F,3)'60F(K,D+'7&E&G38(6,G'$)(1*, %'76L$83M,(,%'76F3G(38(6,)8(6GD,Ql8>6'0$8K,dD0*E38K, !--!Z,\6N322K,l8>6'0$8K,!-""T@,e0$P&,$,G&W076F,3)'60&G= 8$H1(,>6E$80+'DFV,(0+$+8(6,G&W07V,)$+$G$HI,>$,'7617&G(0+6= )$,3)'60&G86)$,731*$G38(3,8(67326W8(6,$>,$P618$H1(,2DP, P'3LD,%'$G$L31F(,Q%$'@,E6+33832(73,d6++681$D'+,(,(8@K,!--.T@ dD00,(,/6''&,Q"<<!T,G&'OW8(3FV,17+6'&,X$'E&,>&0%$7&= 1&F86F,3)'60&G8$H1(?,3)'60&G8$HI,X(7&178VK,G6'P328VK, )8(6G,(,G'$)$HI@,l)'60&G8$HI,X(7&1783,(,G6'P3283,0V, 7$'(68+$G386,83,G&'7V>768(6,07L$>&,(886F,$0$P(6@,eP(6,+6, X$'E&,+G$'7V,(80+'DE68+328&,30%6L+,3)'60&G8$H1(@,^8(6G, F60+,L$E%$868+6E,6E$1F$8328&EK,$>8$07V1&E,0(U,>$, %$PD>768(3,X(7F$2$)(1786)$,$')38(7ED,0+38$G(V16)$,%'7&= )$+$G38(6,>$,731*$G38(3,3)'60&G86)$@,N'$)$HI,0+38$G(, %$783G17&,0L53>8(L,3)'60&G8$H1(,(,$>8$0(,0(U,>$,%'76F3= G(38(3,+7G@,756F,G$2(,Qill willTK,%'76168(38(3,G'$)(1*,(8+681F(, (88&1*,2D>7(,$'37,$>17DG38(3,D'37&@,:326W&,730+'761K,W6, G'$)$HI,(,3)'60&G8$HI,0V,L$80+'DL+3E(,%$G(V738&E(K, 326,8(67326W8&E(,$>,0(6P(6,Q^322$K,4E(+*K,"<<ATK,G'$)$HI, 73H,D783F6,0(U,17U0+$,73,%'6>&L+$',3)'60&G8$H1(,Qe'$P($, >6,#30+'$K,h66'E38K,g$$%0K,d$01*K,J$80*$DG6'K,!--!T@ NH'O>,G0%O517608&1*,L$816%1F(,DG3'D8L$G3M,3)'6= 0&G8$H1(,E$W83,G0L373I,+7G@,+6$'(U,9,QI-cubed theoryT, [(8L623,(,(8@,Q!-"!TK,L$5$G&,E$>62,%'76+G3'738(3,(8X$'E31F(, Q#'(1LK,\$>)6K,"<<SZ,\$>)6K,#'(1LK,"<<-T,$'37,0%$5617= 8$%$783G17V,+6$'(U,%'76+G3'738(3,(8X$'E31F(,QbD60E388K, "<;;K,!--RT@,[(8L62,(,G0%O5%'31$G8(1&,Q!-"!T,0+G(6'>7(2(K, (W,G&0+V%(68(6,731*$G38(3,3)'60&G86)$,F60+,D7326W8($86,$>, (8+6'3L1F(,+'761*,17&88(LOG?,Q3T,%'$G$L31F(,QinstigationTK, QPT,G&0$L(6FK,>&0%$7&1&F86F,2DP,0&+D31&F86FK,)$+$G$H1(, >$,'63)$G38(3,3)'60&G8$H1(V,G$P61,$0$P&,%'$G$L3= +$'3,QimpellanceT,$'37,Q1T,053P6F,3L+&G(731F(,17&88(LOG, *3EDFV1&1*,QinhibitionT@,J$>62,%'76+G3'738(3,(8X$'E31F(, 0%$56178&1*,Q\$>)6K,"<;.T,G0L37DF6K,(W,G&7G$268(6, 731*$G38(3,3)'60&G86)$,F60+,$0+3+8(E,0+3>(DE,%'$160D, %$783G176F,3832(7&,(8X$'E31F(,$,(8+6'3L1F(,0%$561786FK, $P6FEDFV16)$,$>L$>$G&G38(6,(,(8+6'%'6+31FU,76G8U+'7= 8&1*,(,G6G8U+'78&1*,G0L37OG6L,0&+D31&F8&1*K,G&PO', (,L23'&X(L31FU,162OG,$'37,G&PO',(,L$80+'D$G38(6,'63L1F(@, e0$P&,3)'60&G86,G,%$'OG838(D,>$,E8(6F,3)'60&G8&1*, DG7)2U>8(3FV,G,%'$160(6,%'76+G3'738(3,(8X$'E31F(,E8(6F, G0L37OG6L,0&+D31&F8&1*K,E3FV,+68>681FU,>$,G'$)(6)$, (8+6'%'6+$G38(3,731*$G3M,(88&1*,2D>7(K,%'6X6'DFV,1626, 7$'(68+$G386,83,G&'7V>768(6,L'7&G>&,(886F,$0$P(6K,G(>7V, E8(6F,E$W2(G&1*,0%$0$POG,'63)$G38(3,G,0&+D31F31*,0%$= 56178&1*K,'63L1F6,3)'60&G86,$168(3FV,73H,F3L$,%'7&8$07V16, G(U16F,L$'7&H1(,QY(K,['306'K,N(L6K,!-" T@,bD60E388,Q!--RTK, G,0%$56178$%$783G176F,L$816%1F(,3)'60&G8$H1(K,%$0+D= 2DF6K,(W,731*$G38(6,3)'60&G86,F60+,G&8(L(6E,G7PD>768(3, 0L'&%+OG,3)'60&G86)$,731*$G38(3K,83,0LD+6L,>$L$8&G38(3, G'$)(1*,3+'&PD1F(,0&)835OG,0&+D31&F8&1*@,N7$'761,G'$= )(6F,3+'&PD1F(,F60+,830(2$8&,D,$0OP,E3FV1&1*,D$)O28($86, %'76L$838(3,$,73)'3W3FV1&E,(,G'$)(E,1*3'3L+6'76,'6231F(, 0%$56178&1*,Q%$'@,g('G(2K,!-"!T@ !"#$"%&'(")*+,-$,.'-+"/0,'.'.2(-345$"%&6' ("#.'-+7.8,,9'.#-:3484+,,','+.:,.5-#,)+* f>$28$HI,'$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(K,$>%$G(3>3FV13,73,6X6L+&G86, %'76+G3'738(6,(8X$'E31F(,6E$1F$8328&1*,QlD0+(8K,!--RTK, E$W6,G,7'OW8(1$G38&,0%$0OP,G5V173I,0(U,G,'6)D231FU, 3)'60&G86)$,731*$G38(3@,\$+&1*1730$G6,P3>38(3,G&L3= 735&,P67%$H'6>8(,DF6E8&,7G(V76L,7>$28$H1(,'$7DE(68(3, 6E$1F(,7,3)'60&G8$H1(V,Qd'31L6++,(,(8@K,!--SZ,C(_6'0,(,(8@K, !-" TK,L+O'3,F60+,F6>8&E,7,17&88(LOG,G3'D8LDFV1&1*, G&7G3238(6,731*$G38(3,3)'60&G86)$,Q[(8L62,(,(8@K,!-"!T@, f>$28$HI,'$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(,E$W6,+3LW6,$>>7(35&G3I,83, (886,DG3'D8L$G38(3,3)'60&G8$H1(?,3L+&G(7$G3I,2DP, G7E318(3I,%'$160&,*3EDFV16,3)'60&G8$HIK,8%@,6X6L+&G= 86,'$7G(V7&G38(6,L$8X2(L+OG,2DP,6E%3+(U,Qd'31L6++,(,(8@K, !--.T,2DP,L$'&)$G3I,G3>2(G6,%'76+G3'738(6,(8X$'E31F(, 0%$56178&1*K,%$>G&W073FV16,)$+$G$HI,>$,3)'60&G86)$, '63)$G38(3,Q\$>)6K,#'(1LK,"<<SZ,bD60E388K,!--RT@,/$8(W6F,

(3)

, CefiJ9n:9n,nJe#`9,l,l^Cn4oN:ejp,9,NCe^ejpq

,

! ,

'$7%3+'7$8$,%$+681F3286,73%$H'6>8(17$86,7G(V7L(,'$7DE(6= 8(3,6E$1F(,7,3)'60&G8$H1(VK,7,DG7)2U>8(68(6E,G,1*3'3L= +6'76,E6>(3+$'OG?,6E%3+((,>&0%$7&1&F86F,F3L$,(8*(P(+$'3, 3)'60&G8$H1(,$'37,G'$)$H1(K,326L0&+&E((,(,E3L(3G62(7ED, F3L$,7E(688&1*,G&'3W3FV1&1*,G3>2(G6,%'76+G3'738(6, (8X$'E31F(,6E$1F$8328&1*@ !"#$"%&'(")*+,-$,.'-+"/0,';'-+7.8,.';'.2(-345$"%&@' `6>8&E,7,G3W8&1*,(8*(P(+$'OG,3)'60&G8$H1(,F60+,0L5$8= 8$HI,>$,6E%3+((,QJ(226'K,n(068P6')K,"<;;T@,nE%3+(3,E$W6, $783173I,DHG(3>3E(38(6,0$P(6,E&H2(,(,D17DI,(886F,$0$P&K, %'7&FE$G38(6,1D>76)$,%D8L+D,G(>768(3K,3,+3LW6,>$HG(3>= 1738(6,G0%O517D1(3,2DP,1(6'%(68(3,G,'63L1F(,83,$P06'G$G38&, 0+38,6E$1F$8328&,(88&1*,2D>7(K,%'7&,17&E,7F3G(0L3,+6,0V, $>,0(6P(6,8(67326W86,Qg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f>$28$HI,'$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(,F60+,626E68+6E, $)O286F,L$E%6+681F(,0%$56178$%$783G176F,Qsocio-cognitive comprehensionTK,$>%$G(3>3FV16F,73,G)2V>,G,%6'0%6L+&GU, (886F,$0$P&K,$>17&+&G38(6,F6F,6E$1F(K,%'3)8(6MK,%'76L$83M, (,(8+681F(,Q>6,C$083&K,b()*60K,!--.T@,e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a6$'(6, 0%$561786)$,%'76+G3'738(3,(8X$'E31F(,G0L37DFV,G'$)(,0+&2, 3+'&PD1&F8&,F3L$,F6>68,7,(0+$+8&1*,17&88(LOG,26WV1&1*, D,%$>0+3G,G&7G3238(3,731*$G3M,3)'60&G8&1*,Qe'$P($,>6, #30+'$,(,(8@K,!--!T@,f>$28$HI,'$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(K,8(G62DFV1, P5U>86,%'76+G3'738(6,(8X$'E31F(,0%$56178&1*K,%$G(883, G(V73I,0(U,7,$P8(W$8V,G'$)$H1(VK,%'767,'6>DL$G38(6,73H, G'$)$H1(,%$H'6>8($,*3E$G3I,3)'60&G8$HI@ !"#$"%&'(")*+,-$,.'-+"/0,';'.#-:3484+,.';'.2(-< 345$"%&@'988&E,17&88(L(6E,7G(V738&E,7,G3>2(G&E, %'76+G3'738(6E,(8X$'E31F(,0%$56178&1*,F60+,326L0&+&= E(3,Qh6'E6D268K,YDE(86+K,#$'86(226K,!--.T@,f6,G7)2U>D, 83,(0+$+8V,'$2U,L$ED8(L31&F8V,6E$1F(,Qg62+86'K,b3(>+K, "<<<TK,+'D>8$H1(,7,(>68+&X(L31FV,(,$%(0&G38(6E,6E$1F(, $'37,76G8U+'78(6,7$'(68+$G38&,0+&2,E&H268(3K,1*3'3L+6= '&0+&1786,>23,326L0&+&E((,Qa3&2$'K,d3)P&K,/3'L6'K,!-- TK, G,78317V1&,0%$0OP,73PD'73FV,%'$160,$>P($'D,(8X$'E31F(, 0%$56178&1*@,f3PD'768(3,+6,0LD+LDFV,G7'$0+6E,0L5$88$H1(, >$,L$8X2(L+OG,(8+6'%6'0$8328&1*K,731*$G3M,3)'60&G8&1*, $'37,53+G(6F07&E,G7PD>738(6E,)8(6GD,G,$>%$G(6>7(, 83,%'$G$L31FU,Qd6'68P3DEK,9'_(8K,"<<.Z,J388(868,(,(8@K, !-""T@,/3'L6'K,a3&2$',(,d3)P&,Q!--"T,>$G(6>2(K,(W,7>$2= 8$H1(,6E$1F$83286,(,326L0&+&E(3,0V,0L$'62$G386,DF6E8(6, Q#$XX6&K,d6'68P3DEK,g6'80K,!-- T@,f>$28$HI,'$7DE(68(3, 6E$1F(,%$G(883,DF6E8(6,L$'62$G3I,7,326L0&+&E(VK,3,%'767, '6>DL$G38(6,326L0&+&E((,%$H'6>8($,G(V73I,0(U,7,$P8(W$8V, 3)'60&G8$H1(V,(,G'$)$H1(V@ !"#$"%&'(")*+,-$,.'-+"/0,';'+.:,.5-#,)+';'.2(-< 345$"%&@'N,L$816%1F(,bD60E3883,Q"<;;K,!--RT,86)3+&G86, %'76L$838(3,$,HG(61(6,0%$56178&E,7$0+35&,D78386,73,17&8= 8(L,%$>G&W073FV1&,0L5$88$HI,>$,>$L$8&G38(3,G'$)(1*, 3+'&PD1F(K,G7PD>73FV1&1*,0L'&%+&,3)'60&G86)$,731*$= G38(3@,:(6%'7&1*&283,G(7F3,HG(3+3,0%$561786)$,Q2D>7(6, 0V,)5D%(K,268(G(,(,(8+6'60$G8(T,G,%$5V1768(D,7,3L16%+31FV, E38(%D231F(,F3L$,E6+$>&,$0(V)38(3,6)$(0+&178&1*,162OG, F60+,07176)O28(6,830(2$83,GH'O>,$0OP,$,G&0$L(E,%$7($E(6, E3L(3G62(7ED,Q#*'(0+(6K,^6(0K,"<A-T@,J3L(3G62(7E,G(VW6, 0(U,%$7&+&G8(6,7,3)'60&G8$H1(V,F3G8V,(,'6231&F8V,QY3DK, J3'066K,!-" TK,731*$G38(3E(,>6G(31&F8&E(,G,H'$>$G(= 0LD,%'31&,Qd6886++K,C$P(80$8K,!---TK,%'76E$1V,G$P61, '&G32(,G,'6231F31*,*6+6'$06L0D328&1*,Q`$830$8K,Y(K,dD00K, !-"-T@,nE%3+(3K,DE(6FU+8$HI,$>17&+&G38(3,6E$1F(,D,(88&1*, $0OP,$'37,7>$28$H1(,6E$1F$83286,L$'62DFV,7,L$26(,DF6E8(6, 7,E3L(3G62(7E6E,QlD0+(8K,[3''622&K,d231LK,J$$'6K,!--AZ, d3'2$GK,rD32+6'K,4+&2(38$DK,!--<T@,f>$28$HI,'$7DE(68(3, 6E$1F(,%$G(883,P&I,73+6E,DF6E8(6,0L$'62$G383,7,E3L(3= G62(7E6EK,3,%$%'767,$P8(W68(6,E3L(3G62(7ED,DF6E8(6, 7G(V7383,7,3)'60&G8$H1(V,(,G'$)$H1(V@ =>?$,/-'+,@!)47A/,"5-'5')!"#$"%/,' (")*+,-$,.'-+"/0,9'.2(-345$"%/,'"(.)',/B')5,C):./B g$P(6+&,$>783173FV,0(U,(0+$+8(6,G&W07&E,8(W,EUW17&s8(, %$7($E6E,7>$28$H1(,6E$1F$8328&1*,Q[6'8t8>67=d6''$132K, #3P622$K,#30+(22$K,nu+'6E6'3K,!-"!Z,J3&6'K,#3'D0$K,432$_6&K, "<<<T@,d3>38(3,G&L37DFV,F6>83LK,(W,7>$28$H1(,6E$1F$83286, E3FV,G(UL076,7831768(6,'6)D231&F86,D,EUW17&78,Qd'31L6++, (,(8@K,!--SZ,n(068P6'),(,(8@K,"<<RZ,b62E6'0K,J68+6K,"<<<T@, h(006'K,d3&K,#$$L,(,J&PD')*,Q!-"-T,G&L3732(,83,%'7&L53>K,

(4)

!S,

JlC#9:,JeCem (W,%$7($E,7>$28$H1(,6E$1F$8328&1*,F60+,(0+$+8&E,%'6>&L= +$'6E,731*$G3M,30%$56178&1*,F6>&8(6,D,EUW17&78@,90+$+86, 'OW8(16,E(U>7&%51($G6,DF3G8(3FV,0(U,+3LW6,G,'OW8&1*,X$'= E31*,3)'60&G8$H1(,Qd6++681$D'+,(,(8@K,!--.Z,C&+62K,!-""T@, f)$>8(6,7,%'7&+$17$8&E(,G&8(L3E(,8326W&,%'76G(>&G3IK, (W,0+'DL+D'3,7326W8$H1(,E(U>7&,'$7DE(68(6E,6E$1F(,3,3)'6= 0&G8$H1(V,PU>7(6,'OW83,D,EUW17&78,(,L$P(6+@ D,7"8-)4'E.!.5/)-:3,%$>0+3G(6,>$L$8386)$,%'76)2V>D,P3>3M,>$+&17V= 1&1*,3>3%+31F(,0%$561786F,$0OP,$,G&0$L(1*,7>$28$H1(31*, 6E$1F$8328&1*,Qd'31L6++K,J3&6'K,!-- T,G&0D8(U+$,$)O28V, *(%$+67U,$,DF6E8&E,7G(V7LD,7>$28$H1(,'$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(, 7,3)'60&G8$H1(V,(,G'$)$H1(V,Q*(%$+673,"T@,4%$>7(6G38$, 0(UK,W6,DF6E8&,7G(V76L,E(U>7&,7>$28$H1(V,'$7DE(68(3, 6E$1F(,3,3)'60&G8$H1(V,G&0+V%(,P67,G7)2U>D,83,X$'EU, 3)'60&G8$H1(@ /'76G(>&G38$K,(W,L$P(6+&,PU>V,E(35&,G&W07&,%$7($E, '$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(,8(W,EUW17&s8(,Q[6'8t8>67=d6''$132,(,(8@K, !-"!TK,EUW17&s8(,73H,PU>V,1*3'3L+6'&7$G32(,0(U,G&W07&E, %$7($E6E,3)'60&G8$H1(,(,G'$)$H1(,8(W,L$P(6+&,QC&+62K, !-""T@,4%$>7(6G38$,0(UK,(W,G,)'D%(6,EUW17&78,7G(V7L(, 7>$28$H1(,'$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(,7,3)'60&G8$H1(V,(,G'$)$H1(V, PU>V,0(28(6F076,8(W,G,)'D%(6,L$P(6+,Q*(%$+673,!T@ N,P3>38(31*,%$>FU+$,%'OPU,DL3738(3,0+'DL+D'&,7326W8$= H1(,L$'6231&F8&1*,E(U>7&,7>$28$H1(V,'$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(, 3,3)'60&G8$H1(VK,7,DG7)2U>8(68(6E,6E%3+((,>&0%$7&1&F86FK, G'$)$H1(K,326L0&+&E((,$'37,E3L(3G62(7ED,F3L$,7E(688&1*, %$H'6>8(17V1&1*@,a60+$G38$,17+6'&,E$>626,E6>(31&F86@, N,%(6'G07&E,%'76G(>&G38$K,W6,7>$28$HI,'$7DE(68(3, 6E$1F(,PU>7(6,%$7&+&G8(6,0L$'62$G383,7,6E%3+(VK,L+O'3, PU>7(6,86)3+&G8&E,%'6>&L+$'6E,3)'60&G8$H1(,(,G'$)$H1(, Q*(%$+673, T@,N,E$>62D,>'D)(E,0%$>7(6G38$,0(UK,(W,'$7D= E(68(6,6E$1F(,L$'62DF6,DF6E8(6,7,G'$)$H1(VK,L+O'3,7,L$26(, F60+,%$7&+&G8&E,%'6>&L+$'6E,3)'60&G8$H1(,Q*(%$+673,ST@, N,E$>62D,+'761(E,%'76G(>&G38$K,W6,7>$28$HI,'$7DE(68(3, 6E$1F(,PU>7(6,DF6E8(6,0L$'62$G383,7,326L0&+&E(VK,L+O'3, PU>7(6,%$7&+&G8(6,7G(V7383,7,3)'60&G8$H1(V,Q*(%$+6= 73,RT@,N,17G3'+&E,E$>62D,0%$>7(6G38$,0(UK,W6,7>$28$HI, '$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(,PU>7(6,DF6E8(6,7G(V7383,7,E3L(3G62(= 7E6EK,L+O'&,PU>7(6,%$7&+&G8&E,L$'623+6E,3)'60&G8$H1(, Q*(%$+673,.T@ d3>38(3,#v+w,(,G0%O5%'31$G8(LOG,Q!-""T,G&L3735&K,W6, $0$P&,$,G&W07&1*,7>$28$H1(31*,6E$1F$8328&1*K,>7(UL(, 3>6LG3+86F,'6)D231F(,6E$1F(,G7PD>738&1*,G,+$LD,(8+6'3L1F(, 0%$56178&1*,Qa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i7838$K,W6,G'$)$HI,0+38$G(, 83,+&26,0(28&,(,P2(0L(,L$'623+,3)'60&G8$H1(,QdD00K,/6''&K, "<<!TK,W6,'$7DE(68(6,6E$1F(,8(6,PU>7(6,E$>6'$G35$,7326W= 8$H1(,E(U>7&,G'$)$H1(V,3,3)'60&G8$H1(V@

FGHGIJK'L

N,%(6'G07&E,P3>38(D,3832(7$G38$,7G(V7L(,E(U>7&, 7>$28$H1(V,'$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(,3,3)'60&G8$H1(V,(,G'$)$H1(V, Q*(%$+673,"T,$'37,'OW8(16,E(U>7&%51($G6,G,7326W8$H1(31*, E(U>7&,'$7DE(68(6E,6E$1F(,3,3)'60&G8$H1(V,(,G'$)$H1(V, Q*(%$+673,!T@,N6'&X(L$G38$,+3LW6,E$>62,E6>(31&F8&K,G,L+O= '&E,6E%3+(3,>&0%$7&1&F83,F60+,7E(688V,73%$H'6>8(173FV1V, 7G(V76L?,'$7DE(68(6,6E$1F(,x,3)'60&G8$HI,Q*(%$+673, T@ M/)-38$,/4'E.!.$,. d3>38(3,%'76%'$G3>7$8$,G,)'D%(6,"R!,D178(OG,07LO5, H'6>8(1*,'OW86)$,+&%D,QS!y,+61*8(LDEZ,R;y,2(16DE,$)O2= 8$L07+351V16TK,G,+&E,;;,EUW17&78,(,.S,L$P(6+&@,j'6>8(3, G(6LD,P3>38&1*,$0OP,G&8($053,M z,"AK .,QSD z,-K; T@, d3>38(3,%'$G3>7$8$,)'D%$G$K,G,1730(6,73FUI,26L1&F8&1*, Q1730,+'G38(3,G&8$0(5,$L@,S-,E(8T@,/'76>,(1*,'$7%$17U1(6E, $0$P&,P3>386,7$0+35&,%$(8X$'E$G386,$,16231*,P3>38(3K, 38$8(E$G$H1(,$'37,E$W2(G$H1(,$>0+V%(68(3,$>,D>7(35D@ N.8-(,.A4';'7"+,.(')+,-$$4/B'$,-).#-?$4/B

Test rozumienia emocji, O=P'QJ3+173LK,/(6L3'0L3K,

!-""T@ :3'7U>7(6,05DW&,>$,%$E(3'D,7>$28$H1(,'$7DE(68(3, 6E$1F(,F3L$,7P($'D,P3'>7(6F,07176)O5$G&1*,DE(6FU+8$H1(, %'76+G3'738(3,0&)835OG,6E$1F$8328&1*,Q%$'7V>L$G38(6, 6E$1F(,G),(1*,0(5&K,'$7DE(68(3,7E(38,6E$1F(K,6E$1F(, E(60738&1*K,$>17&+&G38(3,6E$1F(,7,L$8+6L0+D,0&+D31&F= 86)$,6+1@T@,a60+,0L53>3,0(U,7,%(U1(D,17UH1(K,$P6FEDFV1&1*, %$,076HI,73>3M@,/$>'U178(L,>$,E6+$>&,'6231F$8DF6,73>$= G323FV16,G0L3s8(L(,'76+628$H1(,83'7U>7(3K,F6>83L,G,P(6= WV1&1*,3832(731*,'76+628$HI,aCn,P&53,0+$0D8L$G$,053P3, Q% z,-KR.Z,rtt %$5OGL$G3,z,-KR;T@,g$8X('E31&F83,3832(73, 17&88(L$G3,Q#[lT,G&L37353,83+$E(30+K,(W,%$7&1F6,aCn, (0+$+8(6,0+3+&0+&178(6,$>+G3'73FV,F6>68,17&88(L,7>$28$= H1(,'$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(,Q&! z,S ;K.RZ,df z,S-RZ,p z,-K"!Z, RMSEA z,-K-!Z,GFI z,-K;SSZ,AGFI z,-K;!"T@,/$,3832(7(6, >$%30$G38(3,E$>62D,$'37,3832(7(6,%$7&1F(K,%'7&)$+$G3= 8$,8$G&,G0L3s8(L,7>$28$H1(,6E$1F$8328&1*K,D0DG3FV1, %$7&1F6,$,8(0L(6F,E$1&,>&0L'&E(831&F86F,(,8(6(0+$+8&E, G0%O517&88(LD,H1(6WL$G&E,G,#[l@,:$G&,G0L3s8(L, $P6FEDF6,";,%$7&1F(K,F60+,P3'>7$,>$P'76,>$%30$G38&,>$, >38&1*,Q&! z," AK<-Z,df z," RZ,p z,-KS"Z,RMSEA {,-K-"Z,

(5)

, CefiJ9n:9n,nJe#`9,l,l^Cn4oN:ejp,9,NCe^ejpq

,

!R,

GFI z,-K<!Z,AGFI z,-K<-TK,$>783173,0(U,G&W07V,'76+628$H1(V, Q| z,-K.RT,(,G&0$L$,L$'62DF6,76,G0L3s8(L(6E,0D'$G&EK, rQ"R-T z,-K;<Z,p {,-K-"@ C76+628$HI,8$G6)$,G0L3s8(L3,83>32,8(6,F60+,G&0$L3K, 83+$E(30+,8326W&,G0L373IK,(W,%$>$P86,G3'+$H1(,0%OF8$= H1(,G6G8U+'786F,D7&0LDF6,0(U,G,(88&1*,83'7U>7(31*,>$, P3>38(3,7>$28$H1(,6E$1F$8328&1*,QJ3&6',(,(8@K,!-"!T@, :(0L3,'76+628$HI,aCn,0+G3'73,E$W2(G$HI,8(6>$0731$G38(3, 0(5&,7G(V7LOG,E(U>7&,'$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(,3,%$7$0+35&E(, 7E(688&E(@,f,+6)$,G7)2U>D,D7838$,73,7303>86,3832(7$= G38(6,G&8(LOG,83,%$7($E(6,+'68>D,0+3+&0+&1786)$@,J(E$, G0L3738&1*,%'$P26EOGK,73,0+$0$G38(6E,aCn,%'76E3G(3, )'D8+$G86,$%'31$G38(6,+6)$,83'7U>7(3,%$>,G7)2U>6E, +'3X8$H1(,+6$'6+&1786F,QJ3+173LK,/(6L3'0L3K,!-""T@

Skala wra liwo!ci empatycznej, QRP'Q\3_(0K,"<; Z,

%$20L3,G6'0F3?,g3sE(6'173LK,/2$%3K,C6+$G0L(K,!--AT. 4L323, 73G(6'3,!;,0+G(6'>76M,>$+&17V1&1*,+'761*,30%6L+OG,6E%3+((, >&0%$7&1&F86FK,G&'OW8($8&1*,G,E$>62D,\3_(03,Q"<; T?, 6E%3+&1786F,+'$0L(,Q+68>681F3,>$,$>17DG38(3,6E$1F(,1(6%53K, +'$0L(,(,G0%O517D1(3,G$P61,(886F,$0$P&Z,83,%'7&L53>?,}#7U0+$, 7>3'73,E(,0(U,$>17DG3I,17D5$HI,2DP,+'$0LU,G,0+$0D8LD,>$, 2D>7(K,L+O'&E,%$G($>5$,0(U,)$'76F,$>6,E8(6~Z,"",%$7&1F(Z, % z,-KA<TK,$0$P(0+6F,%'7&L'$H1(,Q+68>681F3,>$,$>17DG38(3, 8(6%$L$FD,(,>&0L$EX$'+D,G,'63L1F(,83,6E$1F6,(88&1*,$0OPZ, 83,%'7&L53>?,}#7DFU,8(6%$LOFK,)>&,G(>7U,$P$L,8(60%$L$F86, +G3'76~Z,A,%$7&1F(Z,% z,-K..Z,%$,D0D8(U1(D,F6>86F,%$7&1F(, $,8(0L(6F,E$1&,>&0L'&E(831&F86FT,$'37,%'7&FE$G38(6,%6'= 0%6L+&G&,QE$+&G31F3,>$,%'7&FE$G38(3,%0&1*$2$)(1786F, %6'0%6L+&G&,>'D)(6)$,175$G(6L3Z,83,%'7&L53>?,}f38(E, $168(U,17&F6H,731*$G38(6K,0+3'3E,0(U,7'$7DE(6I,F6)$,%'7&= 17&8&~Z,<,%$7&1F(Z,% z,-KA-T@,N0L3s8(L3E(,%$07176)O28&1*, 0L53>8(LOG,6E%3+((,>&0%$7&1&F86F,0V,0DE&,%D8L+OG,73, %$7&1F6,G,%$07176)O28&1*,%$>0L3231*@ N.8-(,.A4';'7"+,.(')+,-$$4/B').#-?$4/B

Skala agresji Buss-Durkee, Q1FS QdD00K, \D'L66K,

"<RAZ,%$20L3,G6'0F3?,4+38(LK,C$07L$G0L3K,gD1*3'6G(17K, !--.T@,:3'7U>7(6,0L53>3,0(U,7,AR,%$7&1F(K,$168(38&1*,83, 0L32(,+'7&0+$%8($G6F,Q-,x,nieK,",x,nie mam zdaniaK,!,x,takT@, 45DW&,$8$,>$,%$E(3'D,A,X$'E,3)'60&G8$H1("?,Q"T,3)'60F3, X(7&1783?,"-,%$7&1F(,Q% z,-KAATK,8%@?,}f>3'73,E(,0(U,L$)$H, D>6'7&IK,)>&,8(6,E$)U,0(U,$%38$G3I~Z,Q!T,3)'60F3,%$H'6>= 8(3?,<,%$7&1F(,Q% z,-K.-TK,8%@?,}#7306E,'$70(6G3E,%2$+L(, $,2D>7(31*K,L+O'&1*,8(6,2DP(U~Z,Q T,0L5$88$HI,>$,('&+31F(?, "",%$7&1F(,Q% z,-KRSTK,8%@?,}3+G$,G%3>3E,G,75$HIK,326, , ", Skala agresji Buss-Durkee,Q"<RAT,E(6'7&,'OG8(6W,%$17D1(6,

G(8&@,f,DG3)(,83,X3L+K,(W,%$17D1(6,G(8&,8(6,F60+,732(17386,38(,>$, 17&88(L3,3)'60&G8$H1(K,38(,>$,17&88(L3,G'$)$H1(Z,7E(688V,+U, %$E(8(U+$,G,3832(731*@ 07&PL$,E(,+$,%'761*$>7(~Z,QST,86)3+&G(7E?,R,%$7&1F(, Q% z,-KS!TK,8%@?,}^>&,L+$H,0(U,'7V>7(K,'$P(U,ED,83,%'76LO'~Z, QRT,D'373?,;,%$7&1F(,Q% z,-K. TK,8%@?,}iG3W3EK,W6,(88&E, 2D>7($E,73G076,G07&0+L$,0(U,D>3F6~Z,Q.T,%$>6F'72(G$HI?, "-,%$7&1F(,Q% z,-KR"TK,8%@?,}N&0+'76)3E,0(U,2D>7(K,L+O'7&,0V, >23,E8(6,7383>+$,D%'76FE(~Z,QAT,3)'60F3,05$G83?," ,%$7&1F(, Q%$,G&62(E(8$G38(D,F6>86F,%$7&1F(,$,053P6F,E$1&,>&0L'&= E(831&F86F,'76+628$HI,G&8$0(,% z,-K.<TK,8%@?,}#7U0+$,G>3FU, 0(U,G,0%'7617L(,2DP,>&0LD0F6~@,N0L3s8(L(6E,P3>38&1*, X$'E,3)'60&G8$H1(,F60+,0DE3,%D8L+OG,G,%$>0L3231*@, N,>3207&1*,3832(731*,%$E(8(U+$,7E(6886,$,83F053P07&1*, G0L3s8(L31*,'76+628$H1(,Q% < -K.-TK,+F@,0L5$88$HI,>$,('&+31F(K, %$>6F'72(G$HI,$'37,86)3+&G(7E@,4L326,3)'60F(,X(7&1786FK, %$H'6>8(6F,(,G6'P3286F,0V,830&1$86,17&88(L(6E,3)'60&G= 8$H1(K,0L323,%$17D1(3,D'37&,73H,x,17&88(L(6E,G'$)$H1(, Q4+38(LK,C$07L$G0L3K,gD1*3'6G(17K,!--.T@

RTIJUJ

=")*+,-$,-'-+"/0,9'-+7.8,.'.'.2(-345$"%& j'6>8(6,(,$>1*&268(3,0+38>3'>$G6,P3>38&1*,7E(688&1*, $'37,(1*,(8+6'L$'6231F6,%'76>0+3G($8$,G,+3P62(,"@ f>$28$HI,'$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(,8(6,L$'62$G353,7,W3>8&E, G&E(3'6E,6E%3+((@,iF6E86,L$'6231F6,83,%$7($E(6,+'68>D, 0+3+&0+&1786)$,G&0+V%(5&,E(U>7&,'$7DE(68(6E,6E$1F(, 3,6E%3+&1783,+'$0LVK,rQ"R-T z,x-K"SZ,p {,-K-<K,$'37,$0$P(0+V, %'7&L'$H1(VK,rQ"R-T z,x-K"RZ,p {,-K-A@,f>$28$HI,'$7DE(6= 8(3,6E$1F(,8(6,L$'62$G353,7,W3>8V,X$'EV,3)'60&G8$H1(@, iF6E8&E(,L$'623+3E(,P3>38&1*,X$'E,3)'60&G8$H1(,P&53, 6E%3+(3,>&0%$7&1&F83K,G0L37386,7G(V7L(,73H,P&5&,7'OW= 8(1$G386,G,7326W8$H1(,$>,G&E(3'D,6E%3+((@ =>?$,/-'+,@!)47A/,"5-/'76%'$G3>7$8$,3832(7&,(0+$+8$H1(,'OW8(1,E(U>7&%51($= G&1*,G,73L'60(6,P3>38&1*,7E(688&1*@,g$P(6+&,D7&0L35&, (0+$+8(6,0+3+&0+&178(6,G&W076,8(W,EUW17&s8(,G&8(L(,G,7>$2= 8$H1(,'$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(K,d z,-K <Z,p {,-K-RK,6E%3+&1786F, +'$0L(,$'37,$0$P(0+6F,%'7&L'$H1(K,d z,-K x-KRSZ,p {,-K-R@, JUW17&s8(,%'76F3G(32(,G&W07V,3)'60&G8$HI,X(7&178V,8(W, L$P(6+&K,d z,x"K-!Z,p {,-K-"@,/$,730+$0$G38(D,%$%'3GL(, d$8X6''$8(6)$,Qp =,-K-R,B,"!,z,-K--STK,'OW8(16,E(U>7&%51($= G6,G,73L'60(6,$0$P(0+6F,%'7&L'$H1(,$'37,3)'60F(,X(7&1786F, %$7$0+3FV,(0+$+86,0+3+&0+&178(6@ N&8(L(,3832(7&,L$'6231F(,E(U>7&,7>$28$H1(V,'$7DE(68(3, 6E$1F(K,6E%3+(V,>&0%$7&1&F8V,$'37,P3>38&E(,X$'E3E(, 3)'60&G8$H1(K,%'76%'$G3>7$86F,$0$P8$,>23,)'D%&,L$P(6+, (,EUW17&78K,73E(60717$8$,G,+3P62(,!@ fG(V76L,'$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(,7,6E%3+&178V,+'$0LV,P&5, D,L$P(6+,E3')(8328(6,(0+$+8&,0+3+&0+&178(6K,rQ.!T z,x-K!"Z, p {,-K-<@,f>$28$HI,'$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(,L$'62$G353,(0+$+8(6, 7,$0$P(0+V,%'7&L'$H1(V,G,)'D%(6,EUW17&78K,rQ;.T z,x-K!;Z, p {,-K-"@,NH'O>,L$P(6+,738$+$G38$,(0+$+8V,0+3+&0+&178(6,

(6)

!.,

JlC#9:,JeCem

a3P623,"

Statystyki opisowe i korelacje rozumienia emocji, empatii dyspozycyjnej i agresywno#ci w grupie ogólnej (badanie 1)

!"#$ ! " # $ % & ' ()*+,-./01/0)0.+23/ '45 6(7 89$! '"94"( '!():.;7<=2,17)<>+?@7 ' 5$$( "69"4 '&9#"( A49 #B '"()C?+D/?<7);>,=@>+EF '&5"$( 89&6 '#96&( A49 $B A49" GG '#()H>,=3.+I71/0);0>?;0@<=I= '85#$( "49"6 '$9%"( A494!B A49# GG A49 $B '$()JK>0?37)L,=2,17 '45!4( &96& '#98"(

A494#B A49!"GG A49!4G A49 "GG

'%()JK>0?37);+E>0M1/7 '45 6(

69 6 '#9 %(

A494$B A49 !GG A49!%GG A49!8GG 49"4GG

'&()N>7,7 '45 %(

%96$ '"98#(

A4946B A494$GG A49 6G A49 6GG 49 8GG 49"&GG

'6()JK>0?37)I0>D7O17 '45!%(

!9$& '$9 $(

A49 "B A494$GG A49!4G A49! GG 49"4GG 49!6GG 49 #B

3,x,G,83G(3031*,%$>38$,E(8(E328V,(,E3L0&E3283,G3'+$HI,G0L3s8(L3Z,€€,p,{,-K-"Z,€,p,{,-K-RZ,,p,{,-K"-@

‚'O>5$?,+3P626,"x.,x,$%'31$G38(6,G53086@

a3P623,!

Wyniki analizy korelacji dla rozumienia emocji, podskal empatii oraz wska'ników agresywno#ci w grupie m()czyzn i kobiet (badanie 1)

*+,-./01/0)

0.+23/ JK>0?37)L,=2,17 JK>0?37);+E>0M1/7 N>7,7 JK>0?37)I0>D7O17

P Q P Q P Q P Q P Q

*+,-./01/0)0.+23/ 49 "G A49 4G A494"GG A49 !G R)494 G A49 $G A49 "G A49 4G

:.;7<=2,17)<>+?@7 A49 #GG A49! B A49 %G A49!"B A494$GG A49!%G A494%G A494!G A494&G A494%G

C?+D/?<7);>,=@>+EF A49!6GG A49 "G A49 6B A4946G A49!"GG A49!%G A49 8B A49!#B A49" G A49 !G

H>,=3.+I71/0);0>?;0@<=I= A494#GG A494"G A49 %G A49!$G A49"4GG A49!&G A49!4B A49 %G A49 "G A49!8G

J,x,)'D%3,EUW17&78,Qn =,;;TK,g,x,)'D%3,L$P(6+,Qn =,.STZ,€€,p <,-K-"Z,€,p <,-K-RZ,,p <,-K"-@ DF6E8V,L$'6231FU,6E%3+&1786F,+'$0L(,7,3)'60FV,X(7&178V, (,%$H'6>8(V@,NH'O>,EUW17&78,$0$P(0+3,%'7&L'$HI,L$'62$G353, DF6E8(6,7,3)'60FV,X(7&178V,(,G6'P328VK,83+$E(30+,>$>3+8($, 7,3)'60FV,%$H'6>8(V,(,D'37V@,4(53,G07&0+L(1*,3832(7$G38&1*, L$'6231F(,8(6,P&53,G&0$L3K,rs! {,-K-<.@ V3"E,38.'7()4:("%&'0.:"'+-!,.8"(')5,C):*' )!"#$"%/,'(")*+,-$,.'-+"/0,','.2(-345$"%/, g'&+6'(DE,G6FH1($G&E,3832(7&,6X6L+D,E6>(31&F86)$, F60+,0+G(6'>768(6,(0+$+8&1*,7326W8$H1(,E(U>7&,7E(688V, 8(67326W8V,3,E6>(3+$'6E,$'37,E(U>7&,E6>(3+$'6E,3,7E(688V, 7326W8V,QCD1L6'K,/'631*6'K,a$E3223K,/6++&K,!-""T@,N0L37386, L'&+6'(3,7$0+35&,0%658($86,>23,7G(V7LOG,E(U>7&,7>$28$H1(V, '$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(K,$0$P(0+V,%'7&L'$H1(V,$'37,P3>38&E(, X$'E3E(,3)'60&G8$H1(,QG,)'D%(6,EUW17&78T,$'37,E(U= >7&,7>$28$H1(V,'$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(K,6E%3+&178V,+'$0LV, (,3)'60&G8$H1(V,%$H'6>8(V,QG,)'D%(6,L$P(6+T@,l832(7U, (0+$+8$H1(,H1(6W6L,E6>(31&F8&1*,G&L$838$,E6+$>V,boot-strappingu,Q/'631*6'K,b3&60K,!--;T,$'37,73,%$E$1V,+60+D, 4$P623@,d3>38(6,%'76%'$G3>7$8$,7,G&L$'7&0+38(6E,0L'&%+D,

(7)

, CefiJ9n:9n,nJe#`9,l,l^Cn4oN:ejp,9,NCe^ejpq

,

!A,

indirectK,0+$0DFV1,R---,%'OPL$G3M,(,73261386,L$'6L+&,G,D0+3= 238(D,%'76>7(35D,DX8$H1(,>23,6X6L+D,%$H'6>8(6)$,Q/'631*6'K, b3&60K,!--;T@,N&8(L(,3832(7,73%'6768+$G38$,G,+3P62(, @ NH'O>,EUW17&78,$0$P(0+3,%'7&L'$HI,$L37353,0(U,(0+$+8&E, 0+3+&0+&178(6,E6>(3+$'6E,'6231F(,E(U>7&,'$7DE(68(6E, 6E$1F(,3,3)'60FV,%$H'6>8(VK,%$17D1(6E,D'37&,(,3)'60FV, G6'P328V@,l832(73,783LD,H1(6WL(,%$H'6>8(6F,G0L37DF6K,(W, 7>$28$HI,'$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(K,%$%'767,$P8(W38(6,$0$P(0+6F, %'7&L'$H1(K,*3EDF6,3)'60FU,%$H'6>8(V,(,$P8(W3,%$17D1(6, D'37&@,N,G&%3>LD,3)'60F(,G6'P3286F,7>$28$HI,'$7DE(68(3, 6E$1F(,$P8(W3,$0$P(0+V,%'7&L'$HIK,L+O'3,7,L$26(,*3EDF6,3)'6= 0FU,G6'P328VK,0+V>,7>$28$HI,'$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(,%$H'6>8($, %$>G&W073,)$+$G$HI,>$,3)'60F(,G6'P3286F@ 1$.#,).'-W-:8>5',$8-(.:/40$4/B l832(7U,6X6L+OG,E$>6'31&F8&1*,%'76%'$G3>7$8$,7,G&L$= '7&0+38(6E,*(6'3'1*(1786F,3832(7&,'6)'60F(K,%$,D%'76>8(E, G&168+'$G38(D,%'6>&L+$'OG,(,0+G$'768(D,6X6L+OG,(8+6'3L= 1&F8&1*,>'D)(6)$,0+$%8(3,Q(8+6'3L1F(,7>$28$H1(,'$7DE(68(3, 6E$1F(,$'37,G&E(3'OG,6E%3+((T@,N,%(6'G07&E,L'$LD,>$, E$>62D,G5V1738$,%56I,(,G(6LK,G,>'D)(E,x,6E%3+&178V, +'$0LUK,$0$P(0+V,%'7&L'$HI,(,%'7&FE$G38(6,%6'0%6L+&G&K, G,+'761(E,x,7>$28$HI,'$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(K,G,17G3'+&E, 73H,x,G07&0+L(6,6X6L+&,(8+6'3L1&F86@ 4+G(6'>7$8$,G&5V178(6,F6>8V,(0+$+8V,0+3+&0+&178(6,(8+6'= 3L1FU,>'D)(6)$,'7U>D@,\$>38(6,6X6L+OG,(8+6'3L1&F8&1*, G,L'$LD,17G3'+&E,>$,E$>62D,>23,3)'60F(,G6'P3286F,%'7&= 8($05$,(0+$+8V,7E(38U,G&0$L$H1(,G&F3H8(386F,G3'(381F(, QF dla *R! z,!K.!Z,p < -K-RSZ,*R!,z,-K-RTK,6X6L+,73H,(8+6'= 3L1F(,'$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(,(,$0$P(0+6F,%'7&L'$H1(,P&5,(0+$+8&, 0+3+&0+&178(6,Qb z,x-K-AZ,p {,-K-"T@,N&L$'7&0+DFV1,0L'&%+, modprobe,Qb3&60K,J3++*60K,!--<TK,%'76+60+$G38$,830+U%8(6, (0+$+8$HI,2(8((,'6)'60&F8&1*,7G(V7LD,$0$P(0+6F,%'7&L'$H1(, (,3)'60F(,G6'P3286F,83,+'761*,%$7($E31*,7>$28$H1(,'$7D= E(68(3,6E$1F(,QM x,"SDZ,MZ,M + "SDT@,N&L3738$K,(W,%'7&, 8(0L(E,%$7($E(6,7>$28$H1(,'$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(,$0$P(0+3, %'7&L'$HI,8(6,G(V7353,0(U,7,3)'60FV,G6'P328V,G,0%$0OP, (0+$+8&,0+3+&0+&178(6,Qb z,x-K--!Z,t z,x-K-!Z,p ƒ,-K<TK,7,L$26(, )>&,7>$28$HI,'$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(,P&53,83,%$7($E(6,H'6>8(E, Qb z,x-K";Z,t z,x!K-;Z,p = -K-ST,(,G&0$L(E,Qb z,x-K RZ, t z,x K"<Z,p < 0,01T,$0$P(0+3,%'7&L'$HI,P&53,0(28&E,DF6E= 8&E,%'6>&L+$'6E,3)'60F(,G6'P3286F@ 1$.#,)4'!"!.8:"5-F.!.$,-'-W-:8*'7"!5>0$-0'+-!,./0,'5'(-#./0,')!"#< $"%/,'(")*+,-$,.'-+"/0,','.2(-345$"%/,@'N'$)$HI,F60+, D783G383,73'OG8$,73,626E68+,3)'60&G8$H1(,QdD00K,/6''&K, "<<!TK,F3L,(,73,F6F,%'6>&L+$',Qe'$P($,>6,#30+'$,(,(8@K,!--!T@, N,*(%$+67(6,S,735$W$8$K,(W,G'$)$HI,F60+,E6>(3+$'6E,'6231F(, E(U>7&,7>$28$H1(V,'$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(,(,3)'60&G8$H1(V, Q#'(1LK,\$>)6K,"<<ST@,b(%$+673,+3,8(6,D7&0L353,%$+G(6'= >768(3K,G&L3738$,F6>83L,(0+$+8$HI,H1(6W6L,E6>(31&F8&1*K, G,L+O'&1*,$0$P(0+3,%'7&L'$HI,73%$H'6>8(17353,'6231FU,E(U>7&, '$7DE(68(6E,6E$1F(,3,%$17D1(6E,D'37&@,/$17D1(6,D'37&K, 0+38$G(V16,626E68+,G'$)$H1(,Q4+38(L,(,(8@K,!--.TK,L$'62$= G35$,G,)'D%(6,EUW17&78,7,3)'60FV,%$H'6>8(VK,rQ;.T,z,-KS-Z, p,{,-K--"@,/$0+38$G($8$,73+6E,7G6'&X(L$G3I,>$>3+L$GV, *(%$+67U,$,%$>GOF86F,E6>(31F(,'6231F(,E(U>7&,'$7DE(68(6E, 6E$1F(,3,3)'60&G8$H1(VK,G,L+O'6F,%(6'G07&E,E6>(3+$'6E, F60+,$0$P(0+3,%'7&L'$HIK,3,>'D)(E,x,%$17D1(6,D'37&,QG'$= )$HIT@,/$05D)DFV1,0(U,E3L'6E,/Ce#n44,Qb3&60K,!-" TK, 0%'3G>7$8$,G,)'D%(6,EUW17&78,(0+$+8$HI,H1(6WL(?,7>$28$HI, '$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(,„,$0$P(0+3,%'7&L'$HI,„,%$17D1(6,D'37&, „,3)'60F3,%$H'6>8(3@,i+G$'7$8&,E$>62,'6)'60&F8&,P&5, a3P623,

Wyniki analizy mediacji (badanie 1)

%& P0M/7<+> #& ' ( )*+,-%7 .,"/(012

*+,-./01/0)0.+23/ C?+D/?<7);>,=@>+EF JK>0?37)L,=2,17 66D A4946G RA494!S)49!"T A 9!%G

*+,-./01/0)0.+23/ C?+D/?<7);>,=@>+EF JK>0?37);+E>0M1/7 66D A49 4G RA49!$S)A494 T A 9&!B

*+,-./01/0)0.+23/ C?+D/?<7);>,=@>+EF N>7,7 66D A4946G RA49!!S)A4944"T A 9$#G

*+,-./01/0)0.+23/ C?+D/?<7);>,=@>+EF JK>0?37)I0>D7O17 66D A49 $G R494#S)49"%T A 98%G

*+,-./01/0)0.+23/ :.;7<=2,17)<>+?@7 JK>0?37);+E>0M1/7 %#2 A4946G RA4944#S)49!&T A 9#!G

b – 8(60+38>3'&7$G38&,G0%O517&88(L,H1(6WL(,%$H'6>8(6FZ,3,x,F6H2(,%'76>7(35,DX8$H1(,8(6,73G(6'3,G,0$P(6,76'3K,H1(6WL3,%$H'6>8(3,F60+,(0+$+83,0+3+&=

(8)

!;,

JlC#9:,JeCem >$P'76,>$%30$G38&,>$,>38&1*K,FQ"K,;AT,=,AK ;Z,p <,-K-"Z, adj. R!,=,-K-;K,3832(7$G383,73H,H1(6WL3,P&53,(0+$+83,0+3+&= 0+&178(6K,<Ry,CI,z,{x-K""Z,x-K--!ƒK,b =,x-K- @

STXUYXZG

N,P3>38(D,G&L3738$,P'3L,P67%$H'6>8(1*,7G(V7LOG, E(U>7&,7>$28$H1(V,'$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(,3,3)'60&G8$H1(VK,1$, 8(6,%$7G$2(5$,%$+G(6'>7(I,*(%$+67&,"@,i7&0L386,'67D2+3+&, E$)V,0D)6'$G3IK,(W,7>$28$HI,'$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(,8(6,%'76= L53>3,0(U,G%'$0+,83,$P8(W68(6,>&0%$7&1&F86F,)$+$G$H1(, >$,'63)$G38(3,3)'60&G86)$,Q%$'@,^(2=e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f,DG3)(,83,730+$0$G38(6, 3832$)(178&1*,83'7U>7(,P3>3G17&1*,>$,+&1*,G&L$'7&0+&G3= 8&1*,G,>$+&1*1730$G&1*,P3>38(31*,Q83,%'7&L53>,#(3''$1*(, (,(8@K,!---T,%'3G>$%$>$P86,G&>3F6,0(U,G&F3H8(68(6K,(W, 73,D7&0L386,G&8(L(,E$)V,$>%$G(3>3I?,0%61&X(L3,)'D%&, P3>3G176F,Q8%@,2(178(6F,'6%'6768+$G38(,3>$2601681(,D17V1&, 0(U,G,07L$531*,$,%'$X(2D,+61*8(178&ETK,'OW8(16,'$7G$F$G6, QG(UL07$HI,>$+&1*1730$G&1*,P3>3M,P&53,%'$G3>7$83, G,%$%D231F31*,0+D>681L(1*T,2DP,H'$>$G(0L$G6,Q83,%'7&= L53>,8$'E&,$+$1768(3,>$+&17V16,%'76F3G(38(3,6E%3+((K, 1*3'3L+6'&0+&L3,07L$5&Z,%$'@,g('G(2K,!-"!T@,98+6'60DFV1&E, G&8(L(6E,P&5$,G&L3738(6,DF6E86)$,7G(V7LD,'$7DE(68(3, 6E$1F(,(,$0$P(0+6F,%'7&L'$H1(,GH'O>,EUW17&78@,\616+&, (,`31L0$8,Q!--.T,G0L37DFVK,(W,830(2$86,'63)$G38(6,$0$P(0+V, %'7&L'$H1(V,G&8(L3,7,+'D>8$H1(,G,$>'OW8(68(D,0(6P(6,(,(886= )$@,e0$P&,$,G&W076F,(8+62()681F(,6E$1F$83286F,%$0(3>3FV, DE(6FU+8$HI,%$783G176)$,$>>7(6268(3,$>,0(6P(6,%6'0%6L= +&G&,G53086F,(,%6'0%6L+&G&,(886F,$0$P&,Q41*'c>6'=lPwK, 41*…+7K,!-""T@,N&W073,7>$28$HI,'$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(,E$W6, 73+6E,78$0(I,P5V>,%$783G176)$,%$L'&G38(3,0(U,$PD,%6'= 0%6L+&GK,1$,$P8(W3,+68>681FU,>$,>$HG(3>1768(3,$0$P(0+6F, %'7&L'$H1(@,iF3G8(68(6,0(U,DF6E86F,L$'6231F(,'$7DE(68(3, 6E$1F(,7,$0$P(0+V,%'7&L'$H1(V,F6>&8(6,D,EUW17&78,E$W6, G&8(L3I,7,+7G@,6X6L+D,%'$)D,Qd'31L6++,(,(8@K,!--ST@,f>$28$HI, '$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(,E$W6,E(6I,7831768(6,'6)D231&F86,+&2L$, >$,%6G86)$,%$7($EDK,%$G&W6F,L+O'6)$,>3207&,%'7&'$0+, 7>$28$H1(,6E$1F$8328&1*,8(6,%$G$>DF6,FDW,(0+$+8&1*,7E(38, G,0%$0$P(6,'63)$G38(3,83,1D>76,1(6'%(68(6@,g$P(6+&,E(35&, (0+$+8(6,G&W07&,%$7($E,7>$28$H1(,'$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(K,%'7&, L+O'&E,6X6L+,E$>&X(L$G38(3,'63L1F(,6E%3+&178&1*,EO)5, FDW,8(6,G&0+U%$G3I@ e0$P(0+3,%'7&L'$HI,$L37353,0(U,E6>(3+$'6E,'6231F(,E(U= >7&,7>$28$H1(V,'$7DE(68(3,3,3)'60&G8$H1(VK,326,F6>&8(6, G,)'D%(6,EUW17&78@,\23,3)'60F(,%$H'6>8(6F,(,%$17D1(3, D'37&,E6>(31F3,+3,E3,1*3'3L+6',*3E$G38(3,3)'60&G8$H1(, 73,%$H'6>8(1+G6E,'6>DL$G38(3,0L5$88$H1(,>$,'63)$G38(3, $0$P(0+V,%'7&L'$H1(V,D,$0OP,$,G&W076F,7>$28$H1(,'$7DE(68(3, 6E$1F(@,:3+$E(30+,G,G&%3>LD,3)'60F(,G6'P3286FK,7>$28$HI, '$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(,*3E$G353,$0$P(0+V,%'7&L'$HIK,L+O'6F, '6>DL1F3,$>*3E$G&G353,7,L$26(,)$+$G$HI,>$,3)'60F(, G6'P3286F@,e0$P(0+3,%'7&L'$HI,(,+68>681F3,>$,$>17DG38(3, 830(2$86)$,>&0+'60D,0%$561786)$,>$>3+8($,L$'62DFV,7,3)'60FV, %0&1*(178V,Q#$_622K,b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i7&0L38&,G&8(L,17UH1($G$,%$+G(6'>7(5,*(%$+67U, K, 73L53>3FV1VK,(W,6E%3+(3,>&0%$7&1&F83,E6>(DF6,'6231F6, E(U>7&,'$7DE(68(6E,6E$1F(,3,3)'60&G8$H1(V,(,G'$)$H1(V@, N&L3738$,+3LW6,%$H'6>8(,7G(V76L,'$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(,76, 0L53>8(L(6E,G'$)$H1(,Q%$17D1(6E,D'37&T,(,>326F,7,3)'6= 0&G8$H1(V,%$H'6>8(VK,1$,0+38$G(,17UH1($G6,%$+G(6'>768(6, *(%$+67&,S@ f>$28$HI,'$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(,$L37353,0(U,E$>6'3+$'6E, '6231F(,E(U>7&,$0$P(0+V,%'7&L'$H1(V,3,3)'60FV,G6'P328V@, e>,H'6>8(6)$,%$7($ED,7>$28$H1(,'$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(,$0$= P(0+3,%'7&L'$HI,0+3G353,0(U,DF6E8&E,L$'623+6E,3)'60F(, G6'P3286F@,N&8(L,+68,0D)6'DF6K,(W,>$HG(3>1738(6,6E$1F(, 6E%3+&178&1*,E$W6,%'76F3G(3I,0(U,%$WV>38&E(,0%$561786, 731*$G38(3E(,D,$0OPK,L+O'6,E3FV,1$,83FE8(6F,%'761(U+8V,

(9)

, CefiJ9n:9n,nJe#`9,l,l^Cn4oN:ejp,9,NCe^ejpq

,

!<,

7>$28$HI,'$7DE(68(3,%'76W&G38&1*,6E$1F(@,N&8(L,+68, F60+,7P(6W8&,7,735$W68(3E(,+6$'((,(8+62()681F(,6E$1F$83286FK, %$0+D2DFV16FK,(W,6X6L+&G86,XD8L1F$8$G38(6,0%$561786,F60+, G&8(L(6E,'$7DE(68(3,(,+'3X86)$,'6)D2$G38(3,0G$(1*,6E$1F(, QJ3&6'K,432$_6&K,"<<AT@

FGHGIJK'[

#626E,>'D)(6)$,P3>38(3,P&53,G6'&X(L31F3,*(%$+67&,", 7,730+$0$G38(6E,$>E(6886F,$%6'31F$832(731F(,3)'60&G8$H1(, QdD00K,/6''&K,"<<!T@,l832(7(6,%$>>38$,'OW8(16,E(U>7&= %51($G6,G,0+'DL+D'76,'6231F(,E(U>7&,'$7DE(68(6E,6E$1F(, 3,3)'60&G8$H1(V,(,G'$)$H1(VK,0%$>7(6G3FV1,0(U,0(28(6F07&1*, 7G(V7LOG,G,)'D%(6,EUW17&78,Q*(%$+673,!T@,a60+$G38$, G07&0+L(6,73%'$%$8$G386,E$>626,E6>(31&F86K,%'76G(>D= FV1K,W6,7E(688&E(,73%$H'6>8(173FV1&E(,7G(V76L,7>$28$H1(, '$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(,7,3)'60&G8$H1(V,2DP,G'$)$H1(V,0V?, 6E%3+(3,>&0%$7&1&F83,Q*(%$+673, TK,G'$)$HI,Q*(%$+673,STK, 326L0&+&E(3,Q*(%$+673,RT,$'37,E3L(3G62(7E,Q*(%$+673,.T@ \(*7.'E.!.$. d3>38(3,%'76%'$G3>7$8$,G,)'D%(6,"S;,0+D>68+OG,07LO5, G&W07&1*,'OW86)$,+&%DK,G,+&E,R ,EUW17&78,(,<R,L$,= P(6+@,j'6>8(3,G(6LD,P3>38&1*,$0OP,G&8($053,M z,!RK!-, QSD z,RK-!T@,d3>38(3,$>P&G35&,0(U,G,E35&1*,)'D%31*@, /'76>,(1*,'$7%$17U1(6E,$0$P&,P3>386,7$0+35&,%$(8X$'E$= G386,$,16231*,P3>38(3K,38$8(E$G$H1(,$'37,E$W2(G$H1(, $>0+V%(68(3,$>,D>7(35D,G,8(1*@ N.8-(,.A4';'7"+,.(')+,-$$4/B'$,-).#-?$4/B

Test rozumienia emocji, O=P QJ3+173LK,/(6L3'0L3K,!-""T@

f30+$0$G386,83'7U>7(6,%$8$G8(6,%'763832(7$G38$,%$>, LV+6E,0%OF8$H1(,G6G8U+'786FK,$+'7&EDFV1,G0%O517&88(L, % z,-KR;@,\$L$838$,3832(7&,>$%30$G38(3,%$7&1F(,aCn,>$, '$7G(V738(3,F6>8$17&88(L$G6)$,Q&2 z,R!AK<SZ,df z,S-RZ, p {,-K-"Z,RMSEA z,-K-SZ,GFI z,-K;"Z,AGFI z,-KA<T,(,%$8$G= 8(6K,%$05D)DFV1,0(U,G&8(L3E(,3832(7&,E$1&,>&0L'&E(831&F= 86F,$'37,G0%O517&88(L3E(,H1(6W6L,7,L$8X('E31&F86F,3832(7&, 17&88(L$G6FK,7'6L$>$G38$,G0L3s8(L,aCn@,:$G&,G0L3s8(L, $P6FE$G35," ,%$7&1F(K,$>7831735,0(U,26%07V,'76+628$H1(V, Q|,z,-K. TK,26%(6F,$>+G3'735,17&88(L,7>$28$H1(,'$7DE(68(3, 6E$1F(,Q&! z,;"KR-Z,df z,AAZ,p z,-K SZ,RMSEA z,-K-!Z, GFI z,-K<!Z,AGFI z,-K<-T,(,G&0$L$,L$'62$G35,76,G0L3s= 8(L(6E,0D'$G&EK,rQ"S.T z,-K;-Z,p {,-K-"T@

Skala wra liwo!ci empatycznej, QRP Q\3_(0K,"<; Z,%$2=

0L3,G6'0F3?,g3sE(6'173L,(,(8@K,!--AT. R76+628$H1(,%$07176= )O28&1*,0L32,83'7U>7(3,P&5&,73>$G323FV16,(,G&8($05&?, 6E%3+&1783,+'$0L3,Q%,z,-KAATK,$0$P(0+3,%'7&L'$HI,Q%,z,-KA!TK, %'7&FE$G38(6,%6'0%6L+&G&,Q|,z,-KART@

Skala makiawelizmu, N1]D<^_'Q#*'(0+(6K,^6(0K,"<A-Z,

G,%$20L(6F,3>3%+31F(?,/$0%(07&2K,!---T@,4L323,Jl#b=9h, 0L53>3,0(U,7,!-,%$7&1F(K,$168(38&1*,83,0L32(,0(6>E($0+$%= 8($G6F@,N0L3s8(L(6E,E3L(3G62(7ED,F60+,0DE3,%D8L+OGK, D7&0L38&1*,>23,%$7&1F(,Jl#b=9hK,%$G(UL07$83,$,"-@, C76+628$HI,G&8(LD,$)O286)$,Jl#b=9h,P&53,73>$G323= FV13,Q%,z,-K.<T@

Skala aleksytymii Toronto, al4=!-,Qd3)P&K,/3'L6'K,

a3&2$'K,"<<ST,G,+5DE31768(D,G5308&E@,4L323,F60+,%$G0761*= 8(6,0+$0$G38&E,83'7U>7(6E,%$E(3'D,326L0&+&E((,Qa3&2$', (,(8@K,!-- T@,4L53>3,0(U,7,!-,%$7&1F(K,$168(38&1*,83,0L32(, %(U1($0+$%8($G6F@,/$7&1F6,0V,7)'D%$G386,G,+'7&,0L326?, +'D>8$H1(,7,(>68+&X(L31FV,6E$1F(,Q83,%'7&L53>?,}#7U0+$, 8(6,%$+'3X(U,$L'6H2(I,6E$1F(K,L+O'6,$>17DG3E~Z,A,%$7&1F(Z, %,z,-K;"TK,+'D>8$H1(,7,$%(0&G38(6E,6E$1F(,Q83,%'7&L53>?, }a'D>8$,E(,78326sI,G53H1(G6,$L'6H268(3,>23,E$(1*,D17DI~Z, R,%$7&1F(Z,%,z,-KA!TK,76G8U+'78(6,7$'(68+$G386,E&H268(6, Q83>E(6'8(6,$%6'31&F8&K,L$8L'6+8&,0+&2,%$783G17&Z,83, %'7&L53>?,}N$2U,%$7$0+3G(3I,'7617&,'3176F,0G$F6ED,P(6= )$G(,8(W,%$>6FE$G3I,%'OP&,(1*,7'$7DE(68(3~Z,;,%$7&1F(Z, %,z,-K.ST@,N0L3s8(L3E(,G&E(3'OG,326L0&+&E((,0V,0DE&, %D8L+OG,G,%$07176)O28&1*,%$>0L3231*@ N.8-(,.A4';'7"+,.(')+,-$$4/B').#-?$4/B

Skala agresji Bussa i Perry’ego, F`1a,QdD00K,/6''&K,

"<<!Z,G,%$20L(E,+5DE31768(D?,4(6L(6'L3K,!--RT@,4L323, $P6FEDF6,!<,%$7&1F(K,$168(38&1*,83,0L32(,%(U1($0+$%8($G6F, Q",x,zupe nie do mnie nie pasujeZ,R,x,ca kowicie do mnie pasujeT,(,E(6'7&,17+6'&,0L53>8(L(,3)'60&G8$H1(?,Q"T,3)'6= 0FU,X(7&178V?,<,%$7&1F(,Q%,z,-KA"TK,83,%'7&L53>?,}^>&P&E, ED0(35,DW&I,%'76E$1&K,3P&,1*'$8(I,E$F6,%'3G3,x,7'$P(U, +$~Z,Q!T,3)'60FU,G6'P328V?,R,%$7&1F(,Q%,z,-KRSTK,83,%'7&L53>?, }g(6>&,2D>7(6,E8(6,75$0717VK,EOG(U,(EK,1$,$,8(1*,E&H2U~Z, Q T,)8(6G?,A,%$7&1F(,Q%,z,-KARTK,83,%'7&L53>?,}3+G$, 0(U,GH1(6L3EK,326,'OG8(6W,07&PL$,0(U,D0%$L3F3E~K,$'37, QST,G'$)$HI?,;,%$7&1F(,Q%,z,-K.RTK,83,%'7&L53>?,}:(6,G(6EK, >23176)$,17306E,F60+6E,+3L,P3'>7$,73G7(U+&~@,N0L3s8(L3E(, %$>0L32,0V,0DE&,%D8L+OG,D7&0L38&1*,>23,L3W>6F,X$'E&, 3)'60&G8$H1(@,:(W073,'76+628$HI,0L32(,3)'60F(,G6'P3286F, G&8(L3,7,E356F,2(17P&,%$7&1F(,(,F60+,3832$)(1783,>$,D7&= 0L(G386F,83,G(UL07&1*,)'D%31*,P3>3G17&1*,Qg'DL$G0L(K, g$'83X62K,e7(6EP5$G0L(K,!-"!T@

RTIJUJ

=")*+,-$,-'-+"/0,9'-+7.8,.9'.#-:3484+,.9' +.:,.5-#,)+'.'.2(-345$"%&','5("2"%& j'6>8(6,(,$>1*&268(3,0+38>3'>$G6,P3>38&1*,7E(688&1*, $'37,(1*,(8+6'L$'6231F6,%'76>0+3G($8$,G,+3P62(,S@

(10)

-,

J l C # 9: ,J e C e m a3P623,S

Statystyki opisowe i korelacje rozumienia emocji, empatii dyspozycyjnej, aleksytymii, makiawelizmu i agresywno#ci w grupie ogólnej (badanie 2)

!"#$ ! " # $ % & 6 8 4 ' ()*+,-./01/0)0.+23/ '45 "(7 &96& '!9$&( '!():.;7<=2,17)<>+?@7 ' 5$$( # 9!8 '%9#8( A494!GG '"()C?+D/?<7);>,=@>+EF '&5"$( 89"6 '$94 ( A49 4GG A4946GG '#()H>,=3.+I71/0);0>?;0@<=I=) '85#$( ""9 4 '$9#8( A49!"GG A49# GG A49!#GG '$()U>-M1+E2/)I)/M01<=L@723/)0.+23/ '&5"$( "9"# '$9#4(

A49 %BG A494%GG A49$!GG A49 $BG

'%()U>-M1+E2/)I)+;/?/0)0.+23/) '$5!$(

9"# '#9!#(

A494#GG A4946GG A49"6GG A49 #BG A49%"GG

'&()V0I1W<>,1/0),+>/01<+I710).=EO01/0) '65#4(

&94# '$94 (

A49!#GG A49""GG A49"#GG A49"$GG A49"&GG A49#"GG

'6()P7@/7I0O/,.) '#45 %4(

669 % ' "9"%(

A49 "GG A49""GG A4946GG A49!6GG A494%GG A494!GG A49 GG

'8()JK>0?37)L,=2,17) '65#4(

$9#$ '#98$(

A49 %BG A49"!GG A49 $BG A49"!GG A4944GG A494$GG A494$GG 49""GG

' 4()JK>0?37)I0>D7O17) '$5!$(

$9$" '"9#%(

A4946GG A494 GG A4948GG A4948GG A494 GG A4946GG A49 #BG 49!4GG 49"%GG

' ()X1/0I) '&5"$(

8948 '$9%"(

A49 !GG A494%GG A49"&GG A49 6GG A49"#GG A49 GG A494$GG 49! GG 49!$GG 49#6GG

' !()Y>+K+EF) '65#4(

69$# '#966(

A49 GG A494 GG A49"$GG A49 &GG A49""GG A49!8GG A49!!GG 49!"GG 49 8G 49#"GG 49#$GG

3,x,G,83G(3031*,%$>38$,E(8(E328V,(,E3L0&E328V,G3'+$HI,G0L3s8(L3Z,

(11)

, CefiJ9n:9n,nJe#`9,l,l^Cn4oN:ejp,9,NCe^ejpq

,

",

f38$+$G38$,(0+$+86,0+3+&0+&178(6,L$'6231F6,E(U>7&,7>$2= 8$H1(V,'$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(,3,%'7&FE$G38(6E,%6'0%6L+&G&, $'37,76G8U+'78(6,7$'(68+$G38&E,E&H268(6E,(,+'D>8$H1(3E(, G,(>68+&X(L31F(,6E$1F(@,f>$28$HI,'$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(,8(6, L$'62$G353,7,W3>8V,X$'EV,3)'60&G8$H1(K,$%'O17,3)'60F(, X(7&1786FK,rQ"S.T z,-K"RZ,p {,-K-A@,nE%3+(3,>&0%$7&1&F83K, 326L0&+&E(3,$'37,E3L(3G62(7E,L$'62$G35&,7,3)'60&G8$H1(V, G,0%$0OP,7)$>8&,7,%'76G(>&G38(3E(@,4(53,+&1*,L$'6231F(, P&53,DE(3'L$G383,2DP,8(0L3K,rs! {,-K!-@ =>?$,/-'+,@!)47A/,"5-/'76%'$G3>7$8$,3832(7&,(0+$+8$H1(,'OW8(1,E(U>7&%51($= G&1*,G,73L'60(6,P3>38&1*,7E(688&1*@,JUW17&s8(,D7&= 0L32(,E3')(8328(6,(0+$+8(6,G&W076,$>,L$P(6+,G&8(L(,%$>, G7)2U>6E,7>$28$H1(,'$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(K,d z,-K !Z,p {,-K-.@, i,L$P(6+,0+G(6'>7$8$,G&W07V,+68>681FU,>$,'63)$G38(3,+'$0LV, 6E%3+&178V,(,$0$P(0+V,%'7&L'$H1(V,8(W,GH'O>,EUW17&78K, ,d z,-K -x-K <Z,p {,-K-R@,g$P(6+&,G&L37&G35&,G&W07&, %$7($E,)8(6GD,8(W,EUW17&s8(K,d z,-KS.Z,p {,-K-"K,$'37, 8(W07&,$>,EUW17&78,%$7($E,3)'60F(,X(7&1786FK,d z,x-K !Z, p {,-K-.@,/$,730+$0$G38(D,%$%'3GL(,d$8X6''$8(6)$,Qp =,-K-R, B,"!,z,-K--ST,E3')(8328(6,(0+$+86,%$7$0+35&,'OW8(16,E(U= >7&%51($G6,G,73L'60(6,)8(6GD,Qp,z,-K--AT@ N&8(L(,3832(7&,L$'6231F(,E(U>7&,7>$28$H1(V,'$7DE(68(3, 6E$1F(K,6E%3+(V,>&0%$7&1&F8V,$'37,P3>38&E(,X$'E3E(, 3)'60&G8$H1(,$0$P8$,>23,)'D%&,L$P(6+,(,EUW17&78,73E(607= 17$8$,G,+3P62(,R@ fG(V7L(,'$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(,7,%'7&FE$G38(6E,%6'0%6L= +&G&,$'37,76G8U+'78(6,7$'(68+$G38&E,E&H268(6E,E(3= 5&,%$>$P8&,L(6'D86L,(,0(5U,D,L$P(6+,(,EUW17&78@,NH'O>, L$P(6+,7>$28$HI,'$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(,L$'62$G353,7,+'D>8$H1(V, G,(>68+&X(L31F(,6E$1F(K,rQ< T z,x-K!.Z,p,{,-K-R,$'37K,83, %$7($E(6,+'68>D,0+3+&0+&1786)$K,7,$0$P(0+V,%'7&L'$H1(VK, rQ< T,z,x-K";Z,p,{,-K-<K,(,3)'60FV,G6'P328VK,rQ<RT z,-K";Z, p {,-K-<@,fG(V7L(,%'7&FE$G38(3,%6'0%6L+&G&,7,3)'60&G= 8$H1(V,X(7&178V,$'37,)8(6G6E,(,G'$)$H1(V,P&5&,8(6783178(6, 0(28(6F076,D,EUW17&78@,n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l832(7(6,%$>>38$,73+6E,(0+$+8$HI, +'761*,H1(6W6L,E6>(31&F8&1*?,7>$28$HI,'$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(, „,%'7&FE$G38(6,%6'0%6L+&G&,„,3)'60&G8$HI,X(7&1783K, 7>$28$HI,'$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(,„,%'7&FE$G38(6,%6'0%6L+&G&, a3P623,R

Wyniki analizy korelacji dla rozumienia emocji, podskal empatii, wymiarów aleksytymii oraz makiawelizmu z wska'nikami agresywno#ci w grupie m()czyzn i kobiet (badanie 2)

*+,-./01/0) 0.+23/

JK>0?37)L,=2,17 JK>0?37)I0>D7O17 X1/0I Y>+K+EF

P Q P Q P Q P Q P Q

*+,-./01/0)0.+23/ A49 %G A49 GG A494&G A49 6B A4948GG A4946GG A4948G A49 4GG

:.;7<=2,17)<>+?@7 A494!G A494%G A49! G A49"&GG A494"G A494"G A494 GG A494#GG A49 %G A494&GG

C?+D/?<7);>,=@>+EF A4948G A49 6B A494"G A49 8BG A494&G A49 G A49"%GG A49""GG A49!%B A49#4GG

H>,=3.+I71/0);0>?;0@<=I= A49!6G A49 8B A49!&B A49"&GG A49 #G A494%G A49"%GG A4946GG A49!$B A49 !GG

U>-M1+E2/)I)/M01<=L@723/) 0.+23/

A494!G A49!%G A494!G A4944GG A4944G A494 G A49##GG A49"!GG A49"!G A49"#GG

U>-M1+E2/)I)+;/?/0)0.+23/ A4946G A49 #G A49 $G A49 #GG A49 #G A494$G A49 6GG A49 GG A49"#G A49!8GG

V0I1W<>,1/0),+>/01<+I710) .=EO01/0

A49!$B A49!%G A49 4G A49 $GG A494#G A49! G A4946GG A494&GG A4946G A49""GG

P7@/7I0O/,. A49!4G A4948G A49#$G A49!!GG A49"$G A4946G A49!6GG A49! GG A49 6G A49"4GG

(12)

!,

JlC#9:,JeCem „,G'$)$HI,$'37,7>$28$HI,'$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(,„,76G8U+'7= 8(6,7$'(68+$G386,E&H268(6,„,G'$)$HI@,N,)'D%(6,L$P(6+, G6'&X(L$G38$,076HI,E$>62(,E6>(31&F8&1*?,>23,)8(6GD, (,G'$)$H1(,7,$0$P(0+V,%'7&L'$H1(V,(,+'D>8$H1(V,7,(>68+&X(= L31FV,6E$1F(,F3L$,E6>(3+$'3E(,$'37,>23,3)'60F(,G6'P3286F, (,G'$)$H1(,7,76G8U+'78(6,7$'(68+$G38&E,E&H268(6E,F3L$, E6>(3+$'6E@,d3>38$,'OG8(6W,F6>68,E$>62,E6>(31&F8&, G,)'D%(6,EUW17&78?,7>$28$HI,'$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(,„,%'7&F= E$G38(6,%6'0%6L+&G&,„,)8(6G@,N6,G07&0+L(1*,E$>6231*, 7E(688V,8(67326W8V,P&53,7>$28$HI,'$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(@, N,3832(7(6,(0+$+8$H1(,H1(6W6L,%$H'6>8(1*,G&L$'7&0+38$, E6+$>U,bootstrappingu,Q/'631*6'K,b3&60K,!--;T,$'37,+60+, 4$P623@,d3>38(6,%'76%'$G3>7$8$,7,G&L$'7&0+38(6E,0L'&%= +D,indirectK,0+$0DFV1,R---,%'OPL$G3M,(,73261386,L$'6L+&, Q/'631*6'K,b3&60K,!--;T@,N&8(L(,3832(7&,73%'6768+$G38$, G,+3P62(,.@ /'7&FE$G38(6,%6'0%6L+&G&,$L3735$,0(U,(0+$+8&E,0+3+&= 0+&178(6,E6>(3+$'6E,'6231F(,E(U>7&,'$7DE(68(6E,6E$1F(, 3,3)'60FV,X(7&178V,G,)'D%(6,$)O286F@,N,)'D%(6,L$P(6+,(0+$+= 8&E,0+3+&0+&178(6,E6>(3+$'6E,'6231F(,E(U>7&,'$7DE(68(6E, 6E$1F(,3,)8(6G6E,(,G'$)$H1(V,P&5&,+'D>8$H1(,7,(>68+&X(L31FV, 6E$1F(@,N,$PD,G&%3>L31*,7>$28$HI,'$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(, $P8(W353,G'$)$HI,(,)8(6G,%'767,$P8(W38(6,0DP(6L+&G86)$, >$HG(3>1768(3,+'D>8$H1(,G,(>68+&X(L31F(,6E$1F(@,i,L$P(6+, (0+$+83,0+3+&0+&178(6,$L37353,0(U,'OG8(6W,H1(6WL3,%$H'6>8(= 17V13,E(U>7&,'$7DE(68(6E,6E$1F(,3,G'$)$H1(VK,G,L+O'6F, E6>(3+$'6E,P&5$,76G8U+'78(6,7$'(68+$G386,E&H268(6@, /$8$G8(6,7>$28$HI,'$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(,$P8(W353,+68>681FU, >$,0LD%(38(3,0(U,83,76G8U+'78&1*,30%6L+31*,0&+D31F(K,L+O'3, G(V7353,0(U,7,G(UL07V,0L5$88$H1(V,>$,'63)$G38(3,G'$)$H1(V@, i,EUW17&78,%'7&FE$G38(6,%6'0%6L+&G&,E$W83,D783I,73, E6>(3+$','6231F(,E(U>7&,'$7DE(68(6E,6E$1F(,3,)8(6G6E@, JUW17&s8(,$,G&W07&E,'$7DE(68(D,6E$1F(,E(62(,G(UL07V, +68>681FU,>$,%'7&FE$G38(3,%6'0%6L+&G&,(88&1*,$0OPK,L+O'3, 7,L$26(,G(V7353,0(U,7,$P8(W$8V,0L5$88$H1(V,>$,'63)$G38(3, )8(6G6E@ 1$.#,).'-W-:8>5',$8-(.:/40$4/B l832(7U,6X6L+OG,E$>6'31&F8&1*,%'76%'$G3>7$8$,7,G&L$= '7&0+38(6E,*(6'3'1*(1786F,3832(7&,'6)'60F(K,%$,D%'76>8(E, G&168+'$G38(D,%'6>&L+$'OG,(,0+G$'768(D,6X6L+OG,(8+6'3L= 1&F8&1*,>'D)(6)$,0+$%8(3,Q(8+6'3L1F(,7>$28$H1(,'$7DE(68(3, 6E$1F(,7,G&E(3'3E(,6E%3+((,(,326L0&+&E((,$'37,E3L(3G62(= 7E6ET@,l832(7U,'6)'60F(,G&L$838$,%$>$P8(6,F3L,G,P3>38(D, "K,G,L'$LD,17G3'+&E,G5V173FV1,6X6L+&,(8+6'3L1&F86@ /'76%'$G3>7$83,3832(73,G&L37353K,(W,7>$28$HI,'$7DE(6= 8(3,6E$1F(,8(6,E$>6'$G353,7326W8$H1(,E(U>7&,6E%3+(VK, 326L0&+&E(VK,E3L(3G62(7E6E,3,W3>8V,X$'EV,3)'60&G8$H1(@ a3P623,.

Wyniki analizy mediacji (badanie 2)

%& P0M/7<+> #& ' ( 8$Z)-%7 .,"/(012

*+,-./01/0)0.+23/ H>,=3.+I71/0);0>?;0@<=I= JK>0?37)L,=2,17 #6D A49 &G RA49"#S)A494%T A!9#%GG

*+,-./01/0)0.+23/ H>,=3.+I71/0);0>?;0@<=I= Y>+K+EF #6D A494&G RA49 8S)4944"T A 9$4GG

*+,-./01/0)0.+23/ V0I1W<>,1/0),+>/01<+I710) .=EO01/0

Y>+K+EF #6D A49 4G RA49!!S)A494"T A 98"BG

*+,-./01/0)0.+23/ C?+D/?<7);>,=@>+EF X1/0I [8$2 A49 #G RA49"8S)494 T A 9$!GG

*+,-./01/0)0.+23/ C?+D/?<7);>,=@>+EF Y>+K+EF [8$D A49 #G RA49"8S)494 T A 9$8GG

*+,-./01/0)0.+23/ U>-M1+E2/),)/M01<=L@723\)0.+23/ X1/0I [8$D A49 8G RA49#%S)A494"T A 98#BG

*+,-./01/0)0.+23/ U>-M1+E2/),)/M01<=L@723\)0.+23/ Y>+K+EF [8$D A49 &G RA49#!S)A494"T A 98&GG

*+,-./01/0)0.+23/ V0I1W<>,1/0),+>/01<+I710) .=EO01/0

JK>0?37)I0>D7O17 [8$D A494%G R4S)49!4T A 9"6GG

*+,-./01/0)0.+23/ V0I1W<>,1/0),+>/01<+I710) .=EO01/0

Y>+K+EF [8$D A49 &G RA49"&S)A494#T A 98&GG

*+,-./01/0)0.+23/ H>,=3.+I71/0);0>?;0@<=I= X1/0I [$"M A49 6G RA49#%S)A494!T A 9%6BG

b – 8(60+38>3'&7$G38&,G0%O517&88(L,H1(6WL(,%$H'6>8(6FZ,3,x,F6H2(,%'76>7(35,DX8$H1(,8(6,73G(6'3,G,0$P(6,76'3K,H1(6WL3,%$H'6>8(3,F60+,(0+$+83,0+3+&= 0+&178(6,83,%$7($E(6,p <,-K-RZ,P,x,)'D%3,$)O283,Qn =,"S;TZ,1,x,)'D%3,L$P(6+,Qn =,<RTZ,>,x,)'D%3,EUW17&78,Qn =,R TZ,

(13)

, CefiJ9n:9n,nJe#`9,l,l^Cn4oN:ejp,9,NCe^ejpq

,

,

1$.#,)4'!"!.8:"5-F.!.$,-'-W-:8*'3*7(-30,'5'(-#./0,')!"#$"%/,'(")*+,-$,.' -+"/0,','.2(-345$"%/,'W,)4/)$-0@ d67%$H'6>8(,7G(V76L, 7>$28$H1(,'$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(,7,3)'60&G8$H1(V,X(7&178V, P&5,>$>3+8(K,326,E3')(8328(6,(0+$+8&,0+3+&0+&178(6K,b z,-K -Z, p {,-K-R.@,/'7&,F6>8$17608&E,G5V1768(D,7>$28$H1(,'$7D= E(68(3,6E$1F(,(,%'7&FE$G38(3,%6'0%6L+&G&,F3L$,%'6>&L= +$'OG,>$,E$>62D,'6)'60&F86)$,>23,3)'60&G8$H1(,X(7&1786FK, 7G(V76L,'$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(,7,3)'60&G8$H1(V,0+3G35,0(U, (0+$+8&,0+3+&0+&178(6K,b z,-KSAZ,p {,-K-"@,nX6L+,%$H'6>8(, '$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(,83,3)'60&G8$HI,X(7&178VK,7,%'7&FE$= G38(6E,%6'0%6L+&G&,F3L$,E6>(3+$'6EK,P&5,+3LW6,(0+$+8&, 0+3+&0+&178(6K,326,F6)$,L(6'D86L,P&5,DF6E8&,Qb z,x-K"AZ, p {,-K-"Z,<Ry,CI =,{,x-K Z,x-K-.,ƒT@,f38$+$G38&,DL53>, G&8(LOG,0D)6'DF6K,(W,G,'6231F(,E(U>7&,'$7DE(68(6E,6E$= 1F(,3,3)'60FV,X(7&178VK,%$,DG7)2U>8(68(D,6E%3+&1786)$, %'7&FE$G38(3,%6'0%6L+&G&K,DF3G8(3,0(U,6X6L+,0D%'60F(, Q#(1*$1L3K,d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rQ"S.T =,-K"<Z,p <,-K-!K, G6'P328VK,rQ"S.T =,-KS Z,p < -K-", (,)8(6G6EK,rQ"S.T =,-KSRZ, p,{,-K-"@,/$0+38$G($8$,73+6E,7G6'&X(L$G3I,>$>3+L$GV, *(%$+67U,EOG(V1V,$,%$>GOF86F,E6>(31F(,'6231F(,E(U>7&, '$7DE(68(6E,6E$1F(,3,3)'60&G8$H1(VK,G,L+O'6F,%(6'G07&E, E6>(3+$'6E,F60+,76G8U+'78(6,7$'(68+$G386,E&H268(6K,3,>'D= )(E,x,G'$)$HI@,/'76%'$G3>7$8$,3832(7U,(0+$+8$H1(,H1(6W6L?, '$7DE(68(6,6E$1F(,„,76G8U+'78(6,7$'(68+$G386,E&H268(6, „,G'$)$HI,„,3)'60F3,X(7&1783B3)'60F3,G6'P3283B)8(6G@, l832(7&,G&L$838$,7,G&L$'7&0+38(6E,E3L'3,/Ce#n44, Qb3&60K,!-" TK,E6+$>V,bootstrappingu,QR---,%'OP6LT@, J$>62,'6)'60&F8&,>23,%$>GOF8(6,73%$H'6>8(17$86F,H1(6WL(, '$7DE(68(6,6E$1F(,„,3)'60F3,X(7&1783,P&5,(0+$+8&,0+3= +&0+&178(6K,FQ K,"S T,=, KRAZ,p <,-K-!Z,adj. R!,=,-K-AK, 83+$E(30+,3832(7$G383,H1(6WL3,E6>(31&F83,'OG8(6W,P&53, (0+$+83,0+3+&0+&178(6K,<Ry,CI,z,{x-K-.Z,x-K-- ƒK,b =,x-K-!@, J$>62,'6)'60&F8&,>23,%$>GOF8(6,73%$H'6>8(17$86F,H1(6WL(, '$7DE(68(6,6E$1F(,„,3)'60F3,G6'P3283,'OG8(6W,$L3735, 0(U,(0+$+8&,0+3+&0+&178(6K,FQ K,"S T,=,"RK.AZ,p <,-K--"Z, adj. R!,=,-K!RK,%$>$P8(6,F3L,P3>383,H1(6WL3,E6>(31&F83K, <Ry,CI,z,{x-K-;Z,x-K--;ƒK,b =,x-K- @,J$>62,'6)'60&F8&, >23,%$>GOF8(6,73%$H'6>8(17$86F,H1(6WL(,'$7DE(68(6,6E$1F(, „,)8(6G,+3LW6,P&5,(0+$+8&,0+3+&0+&178(6K,FQ K,"S T,=," K-!Z, p <,-K--"Z,adj. R!,=,-K!"@,d3>383,H1(6WL3,E6>(31&F83, +3LW6,P&53,(0+$+83,0+3+&0+&178(6K,<Ry,CI,z,{x-K" Z,x-K-"ƒK, b =,x-K-R@

STXUYXZG

N,P3>38(D,!,D7&0L38$,G&8(L(,%$+G(6'>73FV16,P'3L, P67%$H'6>8(6)$,7G(V7LD,E(U>7&,'$7DE(68(6E,6E$1F(, 3,3)'60&G8$H1(V,(,G'$)$H1(V@,e>G'$+8(6,8(W,%'76G(>&G3= 8$,G,*(%$+67(6,"K,G&L3738$K,(W,$0$P&,26%(6F,'$7DE(6FV16, 6E$1F6,E(35&,G(UL07V,)$+$G$HI,>$,'63)$G38(3,3)'60FV, X(7&178V@,N&8(L,+68,L$'60%$8>DF6,7,%$0+D23+3E(,E$>62D, }D7>$28($86)$,0%$561786)$,E38(%D23+$'3~,Q4D++$8K,4E(+*K, 4G6++68*3EK,"<<<T@,/'$%$8DF6,0(U,G,8(EK,W6,7>$28$H1(, 0%$561786,QG,+&E,6E$1F$83286T,DE$W2(G(3FV,$0(V)38(3, G5308&1*,162OG,+3LW6,73,%$H'6>8(1+G6E,6X6L+&G86)$, %$05D)(G38(3,0(U,731*$G38(3E(,3)'60&G8&E(@,/$>$P8(6, dFc'L†_(0+K,‡0+6'E38,(,g3DL(3(868,Q!---T,>$G(6>2(K,(W, 7>$28$H1(,6E$1F$83286,E$)V,P&I,G&L$'7&0+&G386,73'OG8$, >$,$0(V)38(3,162OG,%'$0%$56178&1*K,F3L,(,30%$56178&1*@ i7&0L386,G&8(L(,8(6,%$+G(6'>7(5&,*(%$+67&,$,G(UL07&E, 7831768(D,DE(6FU+8$H1(,6E$1F$8328&1*,>23,XD8L1F$8$G38(3, 0%$561786)$,EUW17&78,8(W,L$P(6+@,:3,%$>0+3G(6,$PD,P3>3M, 8326W&,F6>83L,G0L373IK,(W,7831768(6,'6)D231&F86,7>$28$H1(, '$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(,F60+,$>E(6886,D,L$P(6+,(,EUW17&78@ N&L3738$,7G(V7L(,7>$28$H1(,'$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(,7,6E%3= +&178&E,%'7&FE$G38(6E,%6'0%6L+&G&,Q#(3''$1*(,(,(8@K, !---Z,J3&6'K,^6*6'K,"<<.T@,a&2L$,17UH1($G$,%$+G(6'>7$8$, DF6E86,7G(V7L(,'$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(,7,$0$P(0+V,%'7&L'$H1(VK, G&L37386,G,%$%'76>8(E,P3>38(D@,C$7DE(68(6,6E$1F(,8(6, L$'62$G35$,7,6E%3+&178V,+'$0LV@,N&8(L(,+6,LG60+($8DFV, >$0&I,3D+$E3+&178(6,%'7&FE$G386,735$W68(6,$,7G(V7L31*, 6E%3+((,(,7>$28$H1(,6E$1F$8328&1*@,l832(+&1786,(,}7(E86~, 7>$28$H1(,6E$1F$83286,8(6,%'76L53>3FV,0(U,P67%$H'6>8($,83, 3L+&G(7$G38(6,})$'V1&1*~,6E%3+&178&1*,'63L1F(,6E$1F$= 8328&1*,QdFc'L†_(0+,(,(8@K,!---T@,J$W2(G6K,(W,7G(V76L,+68, DF3G8(3,0(U,D,$0OPK,L+O'6,8(6,+&2L$,>&0%$8DFV,G&0$L(E(, 7>$28$H1(3E(,6E$1F$8328&E(K,2617,+3LW6,E3FV,G&0$LV, E$+&G31FU,>$,G&L$'7&0+&G38(3,+&1*,7>$28$H1(,G,(8+6'3L= 1F31*,0%$56178&1*@,/$+G(6'>7$8$,7,L$26(,DF6E8&,7G(V76L, 7>$28$H1(,'$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(,7,326L0&+&E(V,Q/3'L6'K,a3&2$'K, d3)P&K,!--"T@,e0$P&,$,G&W076F,7>$28$H1(,'$7DE(68(3, 6E$1F(,'6231F$8$G35&,E8(6F,%'$P26EOG,7G(V738&1*,7,(1*, (>68+&X(L$G38(6E,(,837&G38(6E@ N,P3>38(D,!,G&L3738$,(0+$+8$HI,+'761*,7326W8$H1(,E6,= >(31&F8&1*K,73,L+O'&1*,%$H'6>8(1+G6E,7>$28$HI,'$7DE(68(3, 6E$1F(,$P8(W3,%$7($E,3)'60&G8$H1(,(,G'$)$H1(@,/'7&F= E$G38(6,%6'0%6L+&G&,P&5$,E6>(3+$'6E,'6231F(,E(U>7&, 7>$28$H1(V,'$7DE(68(3,6E$1F(,3,3)'60FV,X(7&178V@,i,EUW= 17&78,%'7&FE$G38(6,%6'0%6L+&G&,73%$H'6>8(1735$,'OG8(6W, 7G(V76L,E(U>7&,'$7DE(68(6E,6E$1F(,3,)8(6G6E@,N&8(L(, +6,0V,7)$>86,7,>38&E(,>$+&17V1&E(,'$2(,%'7&FE$G38(3, %6'0%6L+&G&@,Y$D>(8K,YDL30,(,C$P(80$8,Q!-- T,G&L3735&K,

Cytaty

Powiązane dokumenty

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie najważniejszych aspektów teoretycznych dotyczących podejmowania decyzji o insourcingu oraz zaprezen- towanie wyników

Dzielenie się wiedzą, jako jeden z procesów zarządzania wiedzą, jest istotny nie tylko ze względu na ciągłe poszerzanie wiedzy i umiejętności pracowników organizacji, ale

Celem artykułu jest implementacja modelu PESO (pomiaru mediów społecznościowych na wie- lu poziomach) na rynku nieruchomości oraz analiza poziomu ekspozycji i zaangażowania w mediach

Pojęcia kapitału i pracy są dobrym przykładem braku wykonania tej niezbędnej intelektualnej pracy, co rzutuje na sy- tuację, w jakiej znajdują się obecnie nauki ekonomiczne,

To jego wpływ na podejmowanie decyzji gospodarczych przez państwo i przedsiębiorstwa doprowadził z jednej strony do upowszechnie- nia się firmanctwa, a z drugiej do ukształtowania

Poza ryzykiem stopy procentowej oraz ryzykiem walutowym kapitału i odsetek dodatkowo pojawiły się dwa nowe ryzyka: ryzyko zmiany spreadów walutowych (banki swobodnie ustalały

Jak wskazu- ją badania ewaluacyjne dotyczące dwóch największych projektów kluczowych dla województwa podkarpackiego w zakresie rozwoju społeczeństwa informa- cyjnego

W rzeczywistości postać wzorów wykorzystywanych do obliczeń ryzyka na II poziomie w wysokopoziomowej analizie ryzyka nie jest aż tak istotna – o jej jakości nie