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/0123452
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OEP>?
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68G;>;H=89>H=8:F=LLC ;EG7A ;>=?F9 ?GL>; :7;8>=A ED 9>G?:;8:F E7>; 8E >7;G?> = 9:B9 ?=8> ED
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G;>; A>8=:L>A HEA>L; =7A =FFG?=8> =<<?EN:H=8:E7; ED 89> F:?FG:8 I>9=P:E?J W9>;> D>=8G?>;
?>XG:?>FE7;:A>?=IL> FEH<G8=8:E7=L>YE?8@=7A 89>?>DE?>:8:;>;;>78:=L8EG;> = ?>S7>A ;>=?F9
;8?=8>BC@;E89=889> 8:H>DE?=A>;:B7 ?G7 :;;8:LL =FF><8=IL>J W9:;<=<>?A>;F?:I>;89> A>;:B7
=7A :H<L>H>78=8:E7 ED 89=8 ;8?=8>BCJ WE ;9EZ 89> <?=F8:F=L G;>DGL7>;;@ = A>;:B7 >N=H<L> :;
B:P>7J + ) = > [ < \ > [< < = < ] > [ < = > [< [] <>> << > > ^_ `^ abc<& a!c<d a#c<
d&% a ec< d f% agc< ^ a"c>
> hd > !> \ > _ < & i gjk \ > b> \ > < < > g> >
lmnopqrspt unovowoxvyn qowyvszoqspunsw{x{ov|}~urow xpq ~xp oo sovosununopsovwsu r
oynprrtspou|xy uroyuvsyxptspoovspt|~ ~r| ou|noounovxpqw~ owoxvyn
rvunsw uoynpsyxvo{rvuxw w {{rvuoq zuno uyn r pqspt spwusu usrpw xpq m|xpqzuno vr{oxp
active circuit
stage
stage
source
feedback
load
stage
\ \ > < < = ] > < < < = = \> & & > & > & > & > d \ [ > !> b> ` < [ > < = > e> ] g> "> _ > ( a c> h \ > a c> \ > & < [ < _ < < > & < < > \ [ [ < > \ < \ < = \> h < \ > d < >a
--
+
+
+
+
-b
--
+
+
c
--
+
+
d
! \ \ \< \< = = \< = = \>c
a
b
b \ ` < ^ < > = \ ] > \ < \ ] ]> < \ \ > > & < [ = > = [ > < [ = < = > ^ ] \ > \!> \ \ < \ > ] \ < ] \ > < = > ] \ < ] \ > < < >c
a
b
g \ ^ < < = >c
--
+
+
a
b
e ^ % % \ < \ ^ > _ \ > < ] > _ % % =^> _ i`eg;k> \ <\ b> <\ g> < b" < > \ > ^ ]> \ ] ^ > \e> < < > = \< > < _ > < < < _ > & ]< ` > < ^ < ` > ` > > > < >pxyu|{qowxwr yrpwsqovwy vvopusvvrvw~nswoxu voswstprvoqspunsw{x{ovur ws{so{xpxusrpw~
^ > %< = ] \ < ` < < > [< = > ` [ > < ^ \ > < < > & < a !c> < < < ] > [ > % = \ ] = > = < = < =[ > & \ > & ` [ ^ > < ] < [ > < ] < > h > d ] =] [ < _ > ^ < < \ > < \> h < > d < < _ > [< = ] ^ \> < > _ > < _ > & < > i k _ < < = > < > _ < ` ` > < i k > _ < \ < < =[ >
< \ i ]k > > > & > = ] > < < a bc> _ ` [ < _ > _ \ _ < [ [ > [ > d > _ < < > i k> \ > > \ > > < = < '' > ^_ k < > & = \ > = \ < ] < < > d < > & ] \ ^ > < \ < \ > & i k % > > h _ _ < \> _ ] ]> , = = \> < ] < [
_ > \ > [ > > > < ] \> < ] \ \ ! > ] ]< < > _ \ = > b" < > [< \ \ _ < ge<jjj = \> \ < \ > e> _ < \ < > _ i k > \ < \ > \ > < > / & < < < \ [ > < [ > [ < < < < < < <> [ < > > < > > & [ < i k > !> & > < \ > b > > ] < > < \ > & [ ] >
] \> \ _ < > []\ > > & \ _ > > _ > > _ > > % _ < > \ < > ] < > _ \ > _ > > \ = > i k < > ` \ < _ > > & = _ < > % < = < > ] < > < > < \ > _ > > ` ] ] > _ > < > & < _ > . > < > ]< < > & < > _ > & > < > < > < > < <
< > & < !> > < > > \ > ! > > > < < \ > & \ \< \ > ] ] > ' e< > _ < _ < = > `^< d&%<& < _ d& a jc> < [ _ < ] \ > < _ ] > < > < > _ < < > < i k < !> ik > > \ < \ > & [ ] \ = < \!> ] ]> & \ > \< > < ] ] \ > h < < !> % \ \ > < \ \< [ > > ` < > _ = >
& < > ^ \ [ \> _ \_ < [ > < \ < =_> ^_ \> ^ \ > > i k > \ < > ] > ^_ [ < _ = [> !> & [ < > b> ^_ > g> > e> > > & < > < > ] > ] _ > > < < \ > > \ < > > ] \ \ > \ \ [ = < \ > > ] < < < > < < > [ a c< a !c< a bc> h > < a;< gc> = > & !ejj < g!ejj =< jjjj > % aec> < _ <[ b j = ;jjj=bj>
-3k5
Amp
Tape
29u
1m
+
117p
60k
47p
" \>1m
+
-10m
N3823
500
7k
2u
3k5
29u
117p
N3823
BC179
33
47p
+
-15
+
-15
125n
26k
60k
10m
10m
\ > _ = \ > \ "< \ %` [ < e > _ > \ \ " ] < > ` > \ > \ \ > < < _ > # > ] #b < \ h < > < \ > - > > < \ \ > < > < \ > = \< ]< \< < >100Mh
10Mh
1.0Mh
100Kh
10Kh
1.0Kh
100h
10h
1.0h
Frequency
v(10)
10mV
100uV
1.0uV
10nV
100mV
Temperature: 27.0
100Mh
10Mh
1.0Mh
100Kh
10Kh
1.0Kh
100h
10h
1.0h
Frequency
vp(10)
100d
0d
-100d
-200d
-300d
-360d
180d
Temperature: 27.0
3.0us
2.5us
2.0us
1.5us
1.0us
0.5us
0.0us
Time
v(10)
v(101)
100mV
50mV
0mV
-50mV
Temperature: 27.0
100Mh
10Mh
1.0Mh
100Kh
10Kh
1.0Kh
100h
10h
1.0h
Frequency
v(onoise)
1.0uV
100nV
10nV
1.0nV
Temperature: 27.0
# \ \< >a c $ > > > < ;; > a!c h > '> < d %< ^ ] < > & h d > < !! " j" "< ;#> abc ^=] ^ ^> > `^ \ > < # " "#j"; ! < $ ;#;> agc f < > [ < '> > d f% hd = \> <; ! b !e< ;;j> aec % d< ` ' <d_ d!"%%<>> < ] ! < ;#> a"c = %< h < > > & < h ;;j> a c ^ > % > > ^ = \ < < ;# b > a#c d < ] < ] > d = \ = > < ! e ! g "" gb< ;;j> a;c > ']> k > < < = ^ ^<< ;;!> a jc ' < < < > > & < "> &^^< ;#;> a c > > < < ^ ^< < ;# # > a !c ^ > % > \> & < b; g < h ;#"> a bc $> > [ = \>& > >$ < < < !!b!!">^ >< &>< ;##> a gc > ']> > < < ^ ^< < $ ;; > a ec > >$ > < h >> < >> ]< > > d h d = > & k h < < < g>` < >< h ;; >