M e . W . E . L a k e , J . P . ,
P r e s i d e n t , 1 9 4 0 - 4 ]
P r o c e e d in g s
O F T H E
I n s t it u t e o f
B ritish F o u n d r y m e n
o l u m e
X X X III. 1939-1940
Containing the Papers prepared for the Thirty- Seventh Annual Conference of the Institute and
aselection of the Papers presented to the Branch Meetings held during the Session 1939-1940.
Edited by J. B O L T O N , Assistant Secretary
Published by the
Institute of British Foundrymen
General Office :
Saint John Street Chambers, Deansgate, Manchester, 3
(R e g is te r e d O ffic e : 4 9 , W e llin g t o n S t r e e t, Stran d, L o n d o n , W .C .2 )
The Institute of British Foundrymen
Founded 1904. Incorporated by R oyal Charter, 1921.
Officers, 1940-41
P R E S ID E N T .
W . B . Lake, J .P ., A lbion W orks, Braintree, Essex.
V IC E -P R E SID E N T S :
Major R . Miles, M .Eng., T eesdale Ironworks, Thom aby-on-Tees.
D . H . W ood, “ Cotsw old,” B a m t Green, Birmingham.
P A ST P R E S ID E N T S :
(Surviving P ast-Presidents are ex-officio members of the Council.) R . Buchanan. (D eceased, 1924.) 1904—1905.
H . P ilkington. (D eceased.) 1906-1907.
F . J . Cook, M .I.M ech.E., 31, Poplar A venue, Edgbaston, Birm ingham , 17. 1908-1909.
P . Longm uir, M .B .E ., D .M et., 2, Queen’s R oad, Sheffield. 1910-1911.
C. Jones. (Deceased, 1923.) 1912.
S. A . Gimson, J .P . (Deceased, 1938.) 1913-1914.
W . Mayer. (D eceased, 1923.) 1915.
J . E llis. (Deceased, 1930.) 1916-1917.
T. H . F irth. (Deceased, 1925.) 1918.
Joh n L ittle, M .I.M ech.E. (Deceased, 1932.) 1919.
M atthew R iddell. 1920.
Oliver Stubbs. (Deceased, 1932.) 1921.
H . L. R eason. 1922.
Oliver Stubbs. 1923.
R . O. Patterson, Pioneer Works, B laydon-on-Tyne. 1924.
J . Cameron, J .P ., Cameron & Roberton, L td., K irkintilloch, Scotland. 1925.
V. C. F a ulkner, F .R .S .A ., 3, Amersham Road, H igh W ycom be, Bucks. 1926.
.T. T . G oodwin, M .B .E ., M .I.M ech.E., Sheepbridge Coal & D on Co., Ltd., Chesterfield. 1927.
S ..H . R ussell, B ath Lane, Leicester. 1928.
W esley Lam bert, C .B .E ., “ Greyfriars,” Sea D rive, W estgate-on-Sea. 1929.
F . P . W ilson, J .P ., “ P arkhurst,” Middlesbrough. 1930.
A . H arley, “ A shlea,” 11, E a st A ve., Stoke Park, Coventry. 1931.
Victor Stobie, M .I.E .E ., T he Stobie Steel Co., L td., D unston H ouse, Harrogate.
1932.
C. E . W illiam s, J .P ., “ C oniston,” Cefh-Coed R oad, R oath Park, Cardiff. 1933.
R o y Stubbs, 36, Broadw ay, Cheadle, Cheshire. 1934.
J . E . H urst, D .M et., “ A shleigh,” Trent V alley R oad, Lichfield, Staffs. 1935.
H . W interton, Moorlands, M ilngavie, D um bartonshire. 1936.
C. W . B igg, “ S elw orthy,” Burley Lane, Q uam don, N ear D erby. 1937.
J . H epw orth, J .P ., M .P., WoodhOl Grange, W oodhall H ills, nr. Stanninglev, Yorks.
H O N . T R E A S U R E R : S. H . R ussell, B ath Lane, Leicester.
SEC R E T A R Y A N D G E N E R A L OFFIC E :
T. Makemson, Assoc.M .C.T., S t. John Street Chambers, D eansgate, Manchester, 3.
Registered Office : 49, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W .C .2.
A SSIST A N T SE C R E T A R Y : J. Bolton.
A U D IT O R S
Messrs. J . A A. W . Sully & Co., 19/21, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C.4.
C O U N C IL
D E L E G A T E S E L E C T E D A T A N N U A L G E N E R A L M E E T IN G : H. B unting, 11, N orth A venue, B a r le y A bbey, near D erby.
V. D elport, 7, K en ton Gardens, K enton, Harrow, M iddlesex.
A. B. E verest, P h .D ., B .S c., The Mond N ickel Co., L td ., Grosvenor H ouse, Park Lane, L ondon, W .l.
J . W . Gardom, 31, W ye Cliff R oad, H andsw orth, Birm ingham , 20.
E . Longden, A .M .I.M ech.E., 11, W elton A venue, D idsbury Park, M anchester.
R . A . Miles, 16, D eansgate, M anchester.
F. K . N eath , B .S c., H ollyw ell H ouse, Arm ley, Leeds, 12.
H . J . Roe, 29, Park R oad, Moseley, Birm ingham , 13.
P . A . R ussell, B .Sc., B a th Lane, Leicester.
A . W . W alker, “ Ailsa Craig,” 113, D alton Green Lane, Huddersfield.
B R A N C H D E L E G A T E S : (Branch represented shown in brackets.)
H . J . Beck, Barton H ouse, 12 R osam u n d ’s R ide. N orm anton, D erb y. (E a st M idlands).
L. W . B olton, A.M .I.M ech.E., 21, S t. P a u l’s Square, Birm ingham , 3. (Birm ingham .) W. N . Cook, B .S c., 10, S tan ley R oad, H eaton Moor, Stockport. (Lancashire.)
J. W . D onaldson, D .S c., S co tt’s Shipbuilding & E ngineering Co., L td ., Greenock, S cotland. (S c o ttish .) G. E lston, R . & W. Hawthorn, Leslie & Co., L td., S t. P eter’s W orks, N ew castle-upon-T yne. (N e w
castle.)
T. H . Gameson, 47, Som erset R oad, H andsw orth W ood, Birm ingham . (Birm ingham .) A. H ares, 648, S tap leton R oad, Bristol, 5. (W ales and M onm outh.)
J . Jackson, Howard & Bullough, L td ., A ccrington. (Lancashire.) R . A. Jones, B u tley H all Close, Prestbury. (Lancashire.)
C. H . K ain, Lake & E llio t, L td ., Albion W orks, Braintree, E ssex. (London.) B. B . K en t, Cem e Easter, W esterham , K en t. (London.)
H . W . Lockwood, Stew arts & Lloyds, L td ., W inchester H ouse, Old Broad S treet, London, E.C.2 (London.)
G. T. Lunt, “ San S im eon,” New bridge Crescent, W olverham pton. (Birm ingham .) N . McManus, M .B .E ., The Argus Foundry, T hom liebank, near Glasgow. (Scottish.) A . E . Peace, Caerhayes, E van s A venue, Allestree, near D erby. (E a st M idlands.) A. Phillips, 1, M elfort A venue, off Edge Lane, Stretford, M anchester. (Lancashire.) N . D . R idsdale, F.C .S., F a m le y Grange, Ingerthorpe, near M arkington, H arrogate.
T. Shanks, L eslie Park, D en n y, Stirlingshire. (Scottish .)
W . H. Salm on, A ssoc. M et., 38, Glebe R oad, Crookesmoor, Sheffield. (Sheffield.) J . N . Sim m , 61, Marine D rive, M onkseaton, N orthum berland. (N ew castle.) F. E . Steele, 130, Birley Moor R oad, Frecheville, Sheffield. (Sheffield.)
W. G. Thornton, “ R iverslea,” C ottingley Bridge, B ingley, Yorks. (W est R iding o f Y orkshire.) A. S. W orcester, Toria H ouse, 162, Victoria R oad, Lockwood, Huddersfield. (W est R iding o f Y ork shire.)
J. G. Pearce, M .Sc., M .I.E .E ., M .I.M ech.E., F .In st.P ., 21, St. P a u l’s Square, Birm ingham , 3.
Branch Presidents and Honorary Branch Secretaries
(Ex-officio members o f the Council.)
BIRM ING HA M . N . C. B ly th e, 24, Bagnell R oad , K in g’s H eath , Birm ingham , 14.
A. A. Tim m ins, A .I.C ., 21, S t. P aul’s Square, Birm ingham , 3.
E A ST M ID LA N D S.
S. E . D aw son, F .I.C ., 21, M iddleton Crescent, B eeston , N o tts.
S. A. H orton, Three, M ostyn A venue, Littleover, D erby.
L A N C A SH IR E . W . H olland, 24, Tresco Avenue* K in g ’s R oad , Stretford, M anchester.
A. Boyes, “ R o sev ille ,” 7, K irk stall R oad, D avyhulm e, M anchester.
LONDON.
B arrington Hooper, C .B .E ., 3, Am ersham R oad, H igh W ycom be, Bucks.
H . W . Lockw ood, Stew arts and Lloyds, L td., W inchester H ouse, Old Broad Street, London, E.C.2.
( Vice-President and Acting Secretary.)
M ID D L E SB R O U G H A N D DISTR IC T.
D . R . K innell, A .M .In st.B .E ., Surrendon, M arton-in-Cleveland, Yorks.
J . K . Sm ithson, The N orth Eastern Iron Refining Co., L td ., Stillin gton, Stockton-on-Tees. (Acting Secretary.)
N E W C A ST L E -U PO N -T Y N E A N D D IST R IC T.
E . B . E llis, 36, K in g ’s R oad, M onkseaton, Northumberland.
C. Lashly, M.C., Sir W . G. Arm strong W hitw orth & Co. (Ironfounders), L td ., Close Works, Gateehead- on-Tyne.
SCOTTISH.
N . A . W . Erskine, Gartcows D rive, Falkirk, Scotland.
J . B ell, 60, S t. E noch Square, Glasgow, C .l.
S H E F F IE L D . M. Brown, 14, Oakholme R oad, Sheffield, 10.
T. R . W alker, M .A., 11, Broom grove Crescent, Sheffield, 10.
SO U TH A FR IC A N .
W . J . Petersen, A .M .I.M ech.E ., A ustral Iron W orks, P.O . B o x 1098, Johannesburg, South Africa.
F. C. W illiam s, M utual B uildings (Third Floor), Comer H arrison and Commissioner Streets.
Johannesburg, South Africa.
W A LES A N D MONMOUTH.
S. Protheroe, 65, Bangor Street, Cardiff.
J . J . McClelland, 12, Clifton Place, N ew port, Mon.
W E ST R ID IN G OF Y O R K S H IR E . H . A. MacColl, B . Sc., 87, Lincoln R oad, W alsall.
S. W . W ise, 110, P ullan A venue, E ccleshill, Bradford, Yorks.
Presidents and Honorary Secretaries of Sections
These Sections are part o f the Branches w ith w hich th e y are associated. The Presidents and Secretaries o f Sections receive in v ita tio n s to atten d m eetings o f the Council.
EA ST M ID L A N D S— L IN C O LN SECTIO N.
A. Codd, 48, M oorlands A venue, Lincoln.
E. R . W alter, M .Sc., The Technical College, Lincoln.
L A N C A SH IR E — B U R N L E Y SECTION.
J . R ichardson, 38, W illow s Lane, A ccrington, Lancs.
H . Buckley, “ E llesm ere,” N orfolk A venue, Burnley, Lancs.
L O N D O N — E A ST A N G L IA N SECTION.
H . H . Shepherd, Crane, L td ., N acton W orks, Ipsw ich, Suffolk.
J. L. Francis, A.M .I. Mech. E ., R anelagh Works, Ipsw ich, Suffolk.
SCOTTISH— F A L K IR K SECTION.
Alex. Cunningham, 430, Main S t., Stenhousem uir, Larbert.
T. R . Goodwin, “ View field,” 126, Main S t., Bonnybridge, Stirlingshire.
W A LE S A N D MONM OUTH— B R IST O L SECTION.
M. W aym an, J . Jefferies & Sons, L td ., H otw ells Foundry, Bristol.
A . Hares, 648, Stapleton R oad, B ristol 5.
Honorary Corresponding Members of Council
A U ST R A L IA .
W. T. Main, T. Main & Sons (Proprietary), L td., Lam bert Street, R ichm ond, E . 1, Victoria, A u stralia.
SO UTH A FR IC A .
A. H . Moore, Standard Brass Foundry, Benoni, Transvaal.
A W A R D S 1939-40
T H E “ O LIV E R S T U B B S " G O LD M ED AL
1940 Award to Mr. A . E. PEA C E
and a t A nnual Conferences, and in recognition o f the considerable experim ental work which he has carried out as Convener o f th e M alleable Cast Iron Sub-C om m ittee.”
The Oliver Stubbs Medal has been awarded as follow s :—
TH E M ERITO RIO US SER VICES M EDAL
The 1940 Award was m ade to Mr. J O H N B E L L , in recognition o f his valuable services to the In stitu te,
The Meritorious Services Medal has been awarded as follow s :—
1933.— F . W . Finch.
1934.— J . J . McClelland.
1935.— H . Bunting.
1936.— J . Sm ith.
1937.— N o Award.
1938.— N o Award.
1939.—J . E . Cooke.
1940.— J . Bell.
TH E ‘‘ E. J. F O X ” G O LD M EDAL
1940 Award was m ade to Mr. W. J . D A W SO N , Sheffield, in recognition o f the valuable work lie hat- lone as Chairman o f the Steel C astings R esearch C om m ittee.
The E . J . Fox Gold Medal has been awarded as follow s :—
1937.— Professor Em eritus Thom as Turner, M.Sc.
1938.— J . E . H urst, D .M et.
1939.— Dr. H arry A . Sohwartz.
1940.— W . J . Dawson.
C<in recognition o f the m any valuable papers which he has presented to the Branches o f the In stitu te
1922.— F . J . Cook, M .I.M ech.E.
1923.— W . H . Sherburn.
1924.— John Shaw.
1925.— A. Campion, F.I.C . 1926.— A. R . B artlett.
1927.— Professor Em eritus Thom as Turner,
1932.— J . E. H urst, D.M et.
1933.— J . W . Gardom.
1934.— V. C. Faulkner.
1935.— N o Award.
M.Sc. 1937.— P. A. R ussell, B.So.
1938.— S. E. D aw son, F.I.C . 1939.— J . G. Pearce, M.So., M.I.E.K 1928.— J . W . D onaldson, D .Sc.
1929.— W esley Lam bert, C.B.E . 1930.— Jam es E llis.
1931.— John Cameron, J .P .
M .I.M ech.E., F .In st.P . 1940.—-A. E. Peace.
particularly as Honorary Secretary o f the Scottish Branch, which position he had held for seventeen years.
DIPLOM AS O F T H E IN S T IT U T E
were awarded to :—
Mr. A. H O PW O O D, for his paper on “ Phosphor-Bronze C astings o f H ea v y S ectio n s,” presented to the London Branch.
Mr. A. J . SH O R E , for his paper on “ Principles o f F oundry M anagem ent,” presented to the Birm ingham Branch.
Mr. J. L A IN G , for his paper on “ G ating and Pouring Temperatures in N on-Ferrous F oundry P ra ctice ,”
presented to th e Lancashire Branch.
Mr. H. G. H A LL, for his paper on “ M alleable Cast Iron,” presented to the Birm ingham Branch.
Mr. A. M A R SH A L L, for his paper on “ Production o f Som e E ngineering C astings,” presented to the Lancashire and S cottish Branches.
Mr. F. G. JA C K SO N , for his paper on “ Som e Jobbing P roblem s,” presented to the W ales & M onm outh Branch.
Diplomas for Papers prepared for the cancelled Cheltenham Conference, were Awarded to :—
Mr. R . C. T U C K E R , for his paper on “ Chromium H eat-R esistin g Cast Iron s.”
Mr. J . L. F R A N C IS, for his paper on “ The Production o f Pressure-R esisting and H ig h -D u ty Iron C astings.”
Mr. E . W. DO W SO N, for his paper on “ The D esign o f T est Pieces for Carbon Steel C astings,” prepared jo in tly w ith Mr. C. H . K ain.
The “ Edward W illia m s ” Lecture
The follow ing Lectures have now been delivered :—
1935.— “ Man and M etal ” (delivered a t Sheffield).— Sir W ILLIA M J . L A R K E , K .B .E .
1936.— “ Cast Iron and the Engineer ” (delivered at G lasgow).— Prof. A. L. M E L L A N B Y , L L .D ., D .Sc.
1937.— “ F actors in the Casting o f M etals ” (delivered at D erb y).—-C. H . D ESC H , D .S c., P h .D ., F .R .S . 1938.— N o t delivered.
1939.— “ The A tom ic P attern o f M etals ” (delivered in London).— Prof. W. L. BRA GG , O .B .E ., M.O., D .S c., M .A., F .R .S .
1940.— N o t delivered.
C O N T E N T S
io
PAPER
NO. b a u e
A n n u a l R e p o r t 1
A n n u a l R e p o r t o f th e T e c h n ic a l C o m m itte e 7
Papers Prep ared fo r the cancelled Cheltenham Conference :—
7 0 6 C h ro m iu m H e a t-R e s is tin g C a s t I r o n s ; b y R . C. T u c k e r, M .A . 11 7 0 7 P ro d u c tio n o f P re s su re -R e s is tin g a n d H ig h D u ty Ir o n C a s tin g s ; b y J . L. P ra n c is , A .M .L M e ch .E . 2 1
D iscu ssio n 4 0
7 0 8 D ev e lo p m e n t o f S o m e G a tin g a n d F e e d in g M eth o d s fo r H ig h D u ty A lloys ; b y C. C. B risb o is an d
A . E . C a rtw rig h t 4 5
D iscu ssio n 5 6
7 0 9 E x te n d e d U ses o f C ast I r o n , w ith S p ec ia l R e fe re n c e to W a r C o n d itio n s ; b y J . G. P e a rc e , M .Sc., F .I n s t .P ., M .I .E .E ., M .I.M e e h .E ... 5 7 7 1 0 D esig n o f T e s t P ie c e s fo r C arb o n S te e l C a s tin g s; b y C. H . K a in a n d E . W . D ow son 61
D iscu ssio n 6 5
7 1 1 G as in L iq u id C ast I r o n ; b y W m . Y . B u c h a n a n 67
7 1 2 Som e O b se rv a tio n s on C o n tra c tio n in G rey C ast Iro n ; b y E . L o n g d en , A .M .I.M ec h .E . 7 7 D iscu ssio n
Papers Presented to Branches : —
8 4
7 1 3 D esig n in R e la tio n s h ip to C o n tra c tio n a n d D i s t o r t i o n ; b y E . L o n g d e n , A .M .L M e c h .E ... 8 7 7 1 4 C a s t I r o n fo r L a rg e C a s tin g s ; b y E . L o n g d e n , A .M .I.M ec h .E . 9 5 7 1 5 S o m e N o te s o n L iq u id S h rin k a g e a n d C o n tra c tio n ; b y E . L o n g d e n , A .M .I.M ec h .E . 9 9
D isc u ssio n 1 0 3
7 1 6 P rin c ip le s o f F o u n d r y M a n a g e m e n t; b y A. J . S hore 1 0 9
D iscu ssio n 1 1 9
7 1 7 M a lle a b le C a s t I r o n ; b y H . G. H a ll 1 21
D iscu ssio n 1 3 4
7 1 8 E le c tric M o to r C astin g s in G reen S an d ; b y J . H ird 1 3 7
D iscu ssio n 1 4 6
7 1 9 S y n th e tic M o u ld in g S an d ; b y A. T ip p e r , M .Sc. 1 4 9
D iscu ssio n 1 5 6
7 2 0 C a s t I r o n a n d it s R e la tio n to M ach in e T o o ls ; b y P . A . R u sse ll, B .S c. 1 5 9
D iscu ssio n 1 6 4
7 2 1 G a tin g a n d P o u rin g T e m p e ra tu re s in N o n -F e rro u s F o u n d r y P ra c tic e ; b y J . L n i n g ... 1 6 7
D iscu ssio n 1 7 2
7 2 2 M e ltin g O p e ra tio n s in th e N o n -F e rro u s F o u n d r y ; b y F . H u d so n ... 1 7 7
D iscu ssio n 1 8 5
7 2 3 P r o d u c tio n o f S om e E n g in e e rin g C astin g s ; b y A. M arsh all 1 8 9
D iscu ssio n 201
7 2 4 P h o sp h o r-B ro n z e C a stin g s o f H e a v y S ectio n s ; b y A. H o p w o o d 2 0 3
D iscu ssio n 2 1 2
7 2 5 C astin g s fo r E n a m e llin g ; b y J . A. D o n ald so n 2 1 7
D iscu ssio n 2 2 1
7 2 6 A P r e lim in a r y S tu d y o f G ases in C ast I r o n ; b y W m . Y . B u c h a n a n 223 7 2 7 S an d T e s tin g w ith S p ecial R e fe re n c e to D e fo rm a tio n ; b y W m . Y. B u c h a n a n ... 233 7 2 8 P r a c tic a l A p p lic a tio n o f M o n o lith ic L in in g s in C upolas : b y F . O l d e r s h a w ... 2 4 1
D iscu ssio n 2 4 4
7 2 9 S o m e J o b b in g P ro b le m s : b y F . G. J a c k s o n 2 4 7
D isc u ssio n . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... 258 T h e P ro p e rtie s o f G rey C ast Iro n : D iscu ssio n o n S p ec ia l R e p o r t N o . 1
N a m e I n d e x . Su b j e c t In d e x.
2 5 9
VOLUME XXXIII
It will be noted that this volume contains no report o f the 38th Annual Conference which was to have been held at Cheltenham on June 7th and 8th, 1940; the Conference had to be cancelled at short notice. The Annual General Meeting arranged to be held concurrently was postponed.
Later His M ajesty’s Privy Council directed that during the present war the Council o f the Institute should have power to dispense with the holding o f Annual General Meetings if this was found necessary or desirable. The Council o f the Insti
tute availed itself o f this authority, and no Annual General Meeting was held during 1940.
The Papers prepared for the cancelled Cheltenham Conference are included in this volume.
The restrictions placed upon the consumption o f paper have necessitated a reduction in the size o f this volume.
Due to the postponement o f the June Council meeting, the annual awards o f Diplomas were not made until after the preparation o f this volume had been commenced, and for this reason it was not found possible to group together those Papers in respect o f which Diplomas were awarded.
Such papers are, however, indicated by footnotes.
Editor.
The Institute of British Foundrymen
T H E 37th A N N U A L R E P O R T
This rep o rt covers the period M ay 1, 1939, to A pril 30, 1940. T he first four m onths o f the period under review, nam ely, M ay to A ugust, was a tim e o f considerable activity, the most notable feature being the In ternational F oundry Congress.
T he o utbreak o f w ar found m ost o f the Branches w ith their winter program m es arranged, but consequent upon the general un
certainty some delay was experienced by some Branches in com m encing their w inter’s work.
By the end o f 1939 m any of the Institute’s activi
ties were functioning under alm ost norm al con
ditions, and it is satisfactory to be able to record that the Institute’s m em bership shows an increase over that of twelve m onths ago, and the finan
cial condition is satisfactory.
Deaths
I t is with regret th at the C ouncil reports the deaths of ten m em bers; am ongst some of those who were well know n were the follo w in g : —
M r. W . H. Sherburn, a Life M em ber o f the Institute, which he joined in 1906. H e was the second P resident of the Lancashire Branch, and was prom inently associated with that Branch for m any years. H e was aw arded the Oliver Stubbs M edal in 1923.
M r. J. E. Fletcher, who was one of the best- known personalities in the ironfoundry indus
try, and also in the w rought-iron industry.
H e was responsible for m any new develop
ments, was the author o f num erous Papers, and was for m any years consultant to the British C ast Iro n R esearch Association.
M r. J. H. Quicke, o f M adeira, who took a close interest in the Institute’s w ork in spite o f his being resident so far away from this country.
M r. C. M . Tate, a well-known m em ber of the L ancashire Branch, who was a consistent and strong supporter o f the Burnley Section o f th a t Branch.
M r. J. C h a d w ic k , o f Bolton, a Life Member.
T he Council also records with regret the Heaths o f the follow ing non-m em bers:—
Mr? J H e p w o r th , wife o f Mr. J. H epw orth, J P., M .P., P r e s i d e n t i n 1938-39.
M r. R . S. MacPherran, an A m erican m etal
lurgist o f world-w ide reputation, who was par
ticularly well know n in this country, which he had visited on m any occasions.
M r. F. W . Bridges, who was responsible for the organisation o f the num erous Foundry Exhibitions which were held in L ondon, and whose hospitality h ad been enjoyed by m em bers of the Institute on m any occasions.
H o n o u rs C o n ferre d U po n M em bers A m ongst those m em bers who received honours during the period covered by this R eport are the follow ing:—
Sir R obert A . Hadfield, Bart., F.R.S., was made a Freem an o f the City of Sheffield.
Prof. Sir H . C. H. Carpenter, F .R .S., was aw arded the H onda Prize of the Japan M etal
lurgical Society and was the first foreigner to receive this award.
M r. J. E. H urst, Past-President, has received the H onorary Degree o f D octor o f M etallurgy of the U niversity of Sheffield.
Lord A ustin o f Longbridge has been elected President o f the British C ast Iro n Research Association.
M r. C. W. Bigg. Past-President, was a p pointed D irector for Iron Castings of the Iron and Steel C ontrol o f the M inistry o f Supply.
Prof. J. H. Andrew , D.Sc., has been elected President of the Institute of V itreous Enam el- lers.
Finance
The year 1939 was som ew hat difficult finan
cially, bu t it is satisfactory to report that the year’s w orking show ed a surplus o f £25 incom e over expenditure. T he very heavy expenditure incurred on account of the International F oundry Congress was entirely m et by the funds o f the Congress itself, which were derived from volun
tary contributions and by paym ents from those who participated. T he heavy cost o f printing the Papers was largely m et by the registration fees.
The item o f printing and stationery, however, shows an increase over the same item in 1938,
B
and this is due to a reserve having been m ade for the increased cost o f the exceptionally large volum e o f “ Proceedings ” published in A pril, 1940. T his reserve is a special item o f expendi
ture, a n d will no t be a recurring charge.
A w a rd s
E. J. F ox G old M edal.— On the recom m enda
tion o f the Assessors, Sir W. J. L arke, an d P rof.
Sir H . C. H . C arpenter, the E. J. F o x G old M edal for 1939 was aw arded to D r. H. A.
Schw artz, o f Cleveland, O hio, “ in recognition of the outstanding services which he has rendered to the developm ent o f m alleable iron castings.”
The M edal was presented to D r. Schw artz by the L o rd M ayor o f L ondon at the opening m eet
ing of the International F o u n d ry Congress.
T he Council has accepted the recom m enda
tion o f the A ssessors to m ake the 1940 aw ard to M r. W. J. Daw son, chairm an o f the Steel Castings R esearch Com m ittee, “ in recognition of his services to the industry as ch airm an o f this Com m ittee, and in other capacities.”
Oliver Stubbs G old M edal.—The Oliver Stubbs G old M edal for the year 1939 was aw arded to M r. J. G . Pearce, director of the British Cast Iron R esearch A ssociation, and a m em ber o f the C ouncil o f the Institute, “ in recognition o f the m any Papers w hich he has presented to the Institute, and for the w ork he has done in p ro m oting the aims and objects thereof.” T he pre
sentation was m ade to M r. Pearce by the L ord M ayor o f L ondon at the Intern atio n al Foundry Congress.
M eritorious Services M edal.—The M eritorious Services M edal was aw arded to M r. J. E. Cooke for his services in an adm inistrative capacity, particularly as H o n o ra ry Secretary of the L anca
shire Branch.
Diplom as.—The following D iplom as were aw arded in June, 1939, for Papers presented to Branches during the previous w inter session:—
M r. S. C arter and M r. A. W. W alker, West Riding o f Y orkshire Branch.
M r. W. W. B raidwood, Scottish Branch.
M r. R. D. Law rie, Lancashire Branch.
Mr. W. W est and M r. C. C. H odgson, L an ca
shire Branch.
Mr. J. D earden, Scottish Branch.
D iplom as were also aw arded to the following authors for Papers presented to the International F oundry Congress:-—M r. G. L. Bailey, M r. F. A.
M elm oth, M r. A. J. M urphy, Mr. J. J. Sheehan, an d M r. G. R. Shotton.
Buchanan M edals and Prizes.—T he aw ards of the B uchanan M edals and Prizes are given later in this R eport under the section, Educational W ork.
John Surtees M em orial C om petition.— The exam inations for the aw ard o f the Jo h n Surtees
M edals an d Prizes are held alternately by the Scottish and N ew castle Branches. T h e aw ards in the 1940 com petition conducted by the Scot
tish B ranch are as follow :—
G old M edal.—Jo h n A llan, G lasgow.
Silver M edal.— C hristopher A. K ay, M other- well.
Supplem entary Prizes.— R obert B. Jam ieson, G lasgow; A. M ackintosh, Glasgow.
Edw ard W illia m s Lectu re
The F o u rth E dw ard W illiams L ecture was delivered by P rof. W. L. Bragg, O.B.E., M.C., D.Sc., M .A., F.R .S., a t the opening session o t the Intern atio n al F o u n d ry C ongress in June, and was on “ T he A tom ic P atte rn o f M etals.”
Internatio nal F oun dry C on gre ss
This Institute was entrusted by the In tern a
tional C om m ittee o f F o u n d ry T echnical A ssocia
tions w ith the organisation o f the 1939 Inter
national F o u n d ry Congress. T h e Congress was held in the D orchester H otel, L ondon, from June 12 to 17, and was attended by som e 650 m em bers o f various foundry associations, and ladies, representing 22 countries. M r. W. B.
Lake, J.P ., presided over the opening meeting, and he and the V ice-Presidents, M a jo r R. Miles and M r. D. H. W ood, together w ith M r. F. J.
C ook, Past-President, presided over other meetings.
On the Sunday previous to the opening of the Congress a num ber o f overseas visitors to gether with som e o f the visitors to the Congress from this country, a a d their ladies, were en ter
tained at a garden p arty by M r. B arrington H ooper, C.B.E., an d Mrs. H ooper, at their hom e
S outhw ard,” H arrow .
T he Congress was officially opened by the Rt. H on. the L o rd M ayor o f L o n d o n , Sir F ra n k Bow ater, on T uesday, Ju n e 13. T he P resident then delivered his address, and the E dw ard W illiams L ecture was delivered by P rof. W. L.
Bragg.
On the evening o f the sam e day, the Congress was honoured by H is M ajesty’s G overnm ent, who gave a reception in h o n o u r of the Congress at L ancaster H ouse, at w hich the guests were received by the Rt. H on. V iscount R uncim an, P.C. (Lord P resident o f the C ouncil), and the V iscountess R uncim an.
O n the evening o f W ednesday, Ju n e 14, the banquet was held, at w hich the Rt. H on. Oliver Stanley, M .C., M .P., P resident o f the B oard o f T rade, and D r. G uido V anzetti, P resident of the Intern atio n al C om m ittee o f F o u n d ry T ec h nical A ssociations, were the principal guests.
On T hursday, June 15, m em bers o f the C o n gress and ladies were entertained at a reception
an d dance by the President, M r. W. B. Lake, J.P ., and M rs. Lake, and on Saturday, Ju n e 17, m em bers and ladies participated in a trip to W indsor and on the Tham es.
N o few er than 35 Papers on a variety of subjects o f interest to the m odern foundrym an were presented by authors of several different nationalities. O f special interest were a num ber of Papers on light alloys, and a special session on steel-foundry practice, held in con
jun ctio n with the Iro n and Steel Institute.
M em bers visited a num ber of works in the L ondon area, also at Ipswich, D unstable, D art- ford, and in other towns easy of access from London. V arious visits to works, a rt galleries and other places o f interest were arranged for ladies, including a visit to the interesting B arbers’
Hall.
Considerable hospitality was accorded by various individuals, especially by the directors o f some o f the w orks which were visited.
All the authors of Papers presented to the Congress, and to their respective firms.
D r. G uido V anzetti, P resident of the In ter
national C om m ittee o f F o u n d ry Technical A sso
ciations, and to the officials o f the various A sso
ciations represented on the Com mittee.
All who acted as Stewards, and to the m any members o f the Institute, particularly of the L ondon Branch, who undertook willingly the very considerable am ount o f w ork involved.
Post-Congress T o u r
The Post-Congress T o u r which followed the International Congress enabled a num ber o f the overseas visitors to see m uch of the industrial activities and som ething o f the scenic beauty of G reat Britain.
The tour lasted for two weeks, ab o u t 100 visitors participated in the first week, whilst nearly 40 rem ained for the second week. Six
Ta b l e I .— Changes in M em bership, 1939—1940.
Sub- S scribing
firms.
Members. Associate members.
Associates. A ssociates (students).
Total.
A t April 30, 1939 ... 74 974 1,094 133 32 2,307
A dditions and transfers from other grades 6 63 77 7 6 159
80 1,037 1,171 140 38 2,466
Loss and transfers to other grades. . . . 2 41 49 10 1 103
A t April 30, 1940 ... 78 996 1,122 130 37 2,363
The Council expresses its indebtedness to :—
His M ajesty’s G overnm ent, and the Rt. Hon.
V iscount R uncim an and Viscountess Runcim an.
Sir F rank Bowater, Kt.
The Rt. H on. Oliver Stanley, M.C., M.P.
The P atrons o f the Congress.
Prof. W. L. Bragg, O.B.E., M.C., D.Sc., M.A., F.R.S.
Mr. and Mrs. B arrington H ooper.
Mr. J. H epw orth, J.P., M .P., Ex-President.
The F o rd M otor C om pany (England), Lim ited Crane, Limited.
Mr. A. W. G. and M r. T. G. Bagshawe for their hospitality, and to all other firms who arranged visits to their w orks, and arranged hospitality.
The W orshipful Com pany o f Barbers.
The Congress O rganisation Com mittee.
M r. V. D elport, Secretary o f the London Branch O rganisation Com m ittee, and to other m em bers of the Com m ittee.
Mr. V. C. F aulkner, Past-President, and staff o f “ T he F oundry T rade Jo u rn al.”
Subscribers to the Congress funds, especially to the F oundry T rades’ E quipm ent and Supplies A ssociation, for their very handsom e donation.
3
Branches of the Institute participated, and enter
tained the visitors for periods in their respective areas; these Branches were the Birmingham, East M idlands, Sheffield, Lancashire, Scottish and Newcastle Branches.
T hrough the efforts of the Branch m embers, and by the courtesy of various firms, visits were m ade to some of the m ost im portant foundries in the country. Considerable hospitality was given to the visitors, and especially to the ladies, for whom program m es were carried out in each centre.
This tour was considered by all the visitors to be m ost successful, and they were profuse in their expression o f thanks for the kindness and hospitality w hich they received.
F or the success o f this tour, the Institute is greatly indebted to:—
Presidents, Secretaries, Councils and m em bers o f the Branches which were visited.
T he various firms who invited the visitors to inspect their plants.
T he Civic A uthorities in various cities and towns for their interest and practical help, par
B i
ticularly to the L ord P rovost o f G lasgow for the m agnificent R eception which he gave.
All those w ho provided the necessary funds, and to all w ho dispensed hospitality in any way.
Branch Activitie s
All the Branches with the exception o f two have carried ou t program m es o f m eetings w ith P apers and discussions. Special local difficulties prevail in the case o f the two Branches whose session’s program m es were cancelled, bu t even these Branches endeavoured to hold m eetings in the spring.
T he energetic m anner in w hich Branch officials and Branch Councils faced the difficult situation has been responsible for the successful winter’s w ork, w hich is just concluding, and the
N o. o f candi
dates.
Pass 1st class.
Pass 2nd class.
P ercen
tage o f passes.
Patternm aking—
Interm ediate grade 61 17 27 7 2 .6
Patternm aking—
F in al grade 24 18 3 8 7 .5
Foundry practice and
science 110 35 39 6 7 .2
Prizes were aw arded t o : — •
Pa t t e r n m a k i n g—Interm ediate Grade
Mr. Lance Bell, C onstantine Technical C ol
lege, M iddlesbrough. Bronze M edal o f the City and G uilds of L ondon Institute.
Pa t t e r n m a k i n g—Final Grade
Mr. W alter G lover, C oventry T echnical Col-
Tabi.i: II .— A n a ly s is of M em bership at A p r il 30, 1940.
Branch.
Subscrib
ing firms. Members.*
A ssociate
members. A ssociates.
A ssociates
(stu dents). Total.
Birm ingham 8 (8) 160 (157) 157 (157) 16 (15) 8 (7) 349 (344)
E a st M idlands 4 (4) 70 (67) 97 (102) 3 (5) 2 (2) 176 (180)
Lancashire 14 (14) 133 (127) 209 (198) 27 (25) 1 ( - ) 384 (364)
London 10 (10) 205 (203) 121 (125) 3 (5) — ( - ) 339 (343)
M iddlesbrough 1 (1) 30 (27) 48 (44) 8 (8) 7 (7) 94 (87)
N ew castle 6 (7) 32 (34) 27 (30) 55 (56) 11 (11) 131 (138)
Scottish 7 (7) 90 (99) 193 (185) 4 (6) 1 (2) 295 (299)
Sheffield 7 (6) 97 (97) 68 (69) 2 (2) 1 (1) 175 (175)
Sou th African 13 (10) 46 (41) 32 (27) 9 (7) — (—) 100 (85)
W ales and Mon 3 (2) 49 (44) 53 (51) — ( - ) 6 (2) 111 (99)
W .R . o f Yorks 4 (5) 57 (55) 95 (89) 3 (3) — ■ ( - ) 159 (152)
U nattach ed 1 ( - ) 27 (23) 22 (17) — (1) — (—) 50 (41)
76 (74) 996 (974) 1,122 (1,094) 130 (133) 37 (32) 2,363 (2,307) Figures in brackets ore for April 30, 1939. * Including representatives o f Subscribing Firm M embers.
C ouncil expresses its gratitude to these officials, and to the m em bers o f the Branches for their efforts. I t is significant th a t a large proportion o f the Branch meetings have been well attended, a n d the stan d ard o f Papers and discussions has been high.
T he South A frican B ranch m akes steady p ro gress, an d is undertaking certain special w ork for the benefit o f its m em bers, in addition to its routine activities. A new departure was insti
tuted by this Branch, in th a t it contributed a P aper to the In ternational F o u n d ry Congress, the P aper being presented by the Branch Presi
dent, M r. A. H . G uy.
Educational W o r k
T he following are the results o f the exam ina
tions held under the auspices o f the City and G uilds o f L ondon Institute and in co n ju n ctio r with this Institute, in A pril and M ay, 1939: —
lege. Silver M edal of the City and G uilds of L ondon Institute.
Fo u n d r y Pr a c t i c e a n d Sc i e n c e
M r. Lance Bell, C onstantine T echnical C ol
lege, M iddlesbrough. Bronze M edal of the City and G uilds of L ondon Institute.
B uchanan Silver M edals and Book Prizes were aw arded t o : —
Pa t t e r n m a k i n g—Final
Buchanan Silver M edal— Mr. W illiam C harles M arshall, A bbey Street School, D erby.
Buchanan B ook Prizes— M r. W alter G lover, C oventry T echnical College.
Mr. A lfred E ric H arlow , Coventry Technical College.
M r. M aurice T hurlow , C oventry Technical College.
Fo u n d r y Pr a c t i c e a n d Sc i e n c e
B uchanan Silver M edal— M r. Jo h n Noel Sherar, A bbey Street School, D erby.
Buchanan B ook Prizes— M r. Lance Bell, C on
stantine Technical College, M iddlesbrough.
Mr. A lbert H orton, Sheffield University.
M r. Jo h n M atthew Costello, Sheffield U ni
versity.
N ational Certificates in M echanical Engineering T hese certificates are issued by the B oard of E ducation an d the Institution o f M echanical E ngineers, and endorsed by the President o f this Institute in respect of special foundry subjects.
F orty -fo u r N atio n al Certificates have been so endorsed during the year, m aking a total of 220 since the scheme was com m enced.
T he D egree C ourse in F o u n d ry M etallurgy at the U niversity of Sheffield continues to m ake progress.
T he British Foundry School has com pleted four successful years, but has unfortunately been suspended tem porarily due to the war.
T he first Fellow ship offered by the W orship
ful C om pany o f F ounders for advanced training in foundry w ork has been won by M r. Ludlow, a student o f the British F o u n d ry School.
Kindred A ssocia tions
Close relations continue between the Institute and kindred Institutions, a num ber o f joint meetings having taken place during the year.
T he Council is particularly gratified that the Iron and Steel Institute accepted an invitation to participate in a joint meeting on steel castings at the recent International F oundry Congress and thus enabled the Institute to reciprocate the Iron and Steel Institute’s hospitality which has been enjoyed on several occasions.
In ternational Relations
T he close relations which have existed for m any years between the Institute and corre
sponding bodies in other countries were further cem ented by the International F oundry Congress held under the auspices of the Institute in June last. T he outbreak o f w ar has naturally inter
rupted any further developm ent o f this charac
ter and the International F oundry Congress arranged to be held in Italy during 1940 has been postponed until a m ore opportune time.
T he International C om m ittee o f Foundry Technical A ssociations and the International C om m ittee on Testing Cast Iron held meetings in L ondon in June, the form er under the Presi
dency o f D r. G uido V anzetti, of M ilan, a m em ber o f the Institute, and the latter under Dr.
J. E. H urst, a Past-President o f the Institute.
T he Secretary o f the Institute was appointed H o n o rary Secretary o f the latter C om m ittee and continues to act as Secretary o f the form er. The active w ork o f both Com m ittees has now been suspended.
D r H urst attended the forty-third annual con
vention o f the A m erican F oundrym en’s A sso
ciation at Cincinnati in M ay, 1939, and presented the Institute’s official Exchange Paper, the au th o r o f which was M r. F. W hitehouse. T he Exchange Paper on behalf o f the Institute which has been prepared by M r. J. J. Sheehan will be presented at the forthcom ing convention of the A m erican F oundrym en’s A ssociation to be held at Chicago.
A m ong the m any Papers presented to the International F oundry Congress, were no fewer than eleven Papers presented on behalf o f various overseas foundry associations, and this year a P aper is being presented on behalf of the A m erican F oundrym en’s Association by two C anadian authors, namely, Mr. A. E. C artw right and Mr. C. C. Brisbois.
By-Laws and Su p p le m en tary C h a rt e r The By-laws which were approved at the adjourned annual general meeting on O ctober 15, 1938, were subm itted to His M ajesty’s Privy Council, together with an application for a Supplem entary C harter rendered necessary in order to give the necessary powers to adopt certain o f the new By-laws. The Privy Council has not been able to grant this C harter and it has been decided to leave the m atter in abeyance until the end of the war.
Publications
F or some years the B oard o f D evelopm ent has given careful consideration to improvements in the m ethods and dates of publication o f the Institute’s “ Proceedings ” in order to give better service to members. T he first step in the realisa
tion of the objects has been achieved in Volume X X X II of the “ Proceedings ” published in April this year. A larger-sized page has been intro
duced, the lay-out has been altered drastically and a new binding has been used. M any letters of appreciation and approval o f the new form at have been received. It is hoped that the next issue will be further enhanced by the use o f a m ore m odern type face. Special R eport N o. 2, being a report of the M elting Furnaces Sub- Com m ittee, was also issued during the year.
British C ast Iron Research A ssocia tion The work of the British Cast Iron Research Association proceeded norm ally until the o u t
break of war. F rom July, 1939, the abstracts on vitreous enam elling previously published in the quarterly Bulletin were issued as a separate publication— “ Enam elling A bstracts ”— sent to m em bers o f the British C ast Iro n Research A sso
ciation and the Institute o f V itreous Enam ellers and available to others interested. The publica
tion is quarterly.
The A ssociation is registered by the D ep a rt
ment of Scientific and Industrial R esearch as a b3
ce ntral scientific agency for the industry an d will act as an organised scientific unit, so th at the services norm ally available are being continued.
A t the suggestion o f the H om e Office, the A sso
ciation is acting through the A nti-G lare C om m ittee, o f which the director is chairm an, as the body approving schemes for elim inating glare from foundry furnaces, in accordance with the requirem ents o f the Civil D efence Act. F o u n dries m ay obtain a State grant up to 50 per cent, o f the capital cost o f an approved scheme.
Both as p a rt o f its o rdinary w ork an d also through the Iro n fo u n d ers’ N atio n al C onfedera
tion, the A ssociation is actively assisting in the extended uses o f cast iron, in view o f the
national emergency.
Council
F o u r meetings o f the Council and fifteen meetings o f the Executive C om m ittee and other standing com m ittees have been held. These meetings have been held in L ondon and B irm ing
ham.
Of the ten m em bers o f the C ouncil who are elected by ballot for a period o f two years, five retire each year and the five w ho were to have retired at the annual general m eeting which was arranged to be held on Ju n e 8 w ere:— Mr.
H. Bunting, D r. A. B. Everest, M r. J. W. G ar- dom , Mr. B. H ird, and M r. F. K. N eath. These gentlem en offer themselves for re-election and are eligible for re-election for a further period o f two years.
Officers
T he Council has unanim ously requested the President and the Senior and Ju n io r V ice-Presi
dents to accept nom ination for re-election to their respective offices for the year 1940-41, and the officers concerned have agreed to accede to these requests.
The C ouncil wishes to express its thanks to M r. S. H . Russell, Past-President and H onorary T reasurer, for the care with which he has m a n aged the finances o f the Institute and also for the w ork w hich he has carried ou t as C hairm an o f the O rganisation Com m ittee. This office has involved an im m ense am ount o f detailed work which M r. Russell has carried out with consider
able devotion a n d ability.
T he C ouncil also wishes to rem ind m em bers h a t M r. Russp’1 continues to act as C hairm an
o f the A dvisory C om m ittee o f the C ity an d G uilds o f L ondon Institute in connection with E xam inations in F o u n d ry Practice and Science and P atternm aking, a position which he has held with considerable success for several years.
T he Council also wishes to th an k M r. J. W.
G ardom , C onvener o f the T echnical Com m ittee, for his w ork and his devotion to the interests o f the C om m ittee during an exceptionally diffi
cult period.
T he Council has agreed to loan the services o f the Secretary to the Iro n an d Steel C ontrol o f the M inistry o f Supply and suitable arrange
m ents have been m ade to continue the secretarial w ork o f the Institute through the A ssistant Secretary and under the direction o f the Secre
tary.
Annual C o n fere n ce
In accordance with the norm al ro ta, it had been arranged th a t the C onference in 1940 should take place at M iddlesbrough an d the M iddlesbrough B ranch had already m ade co n siderable progress w ith the arrangem ents. T he outbreak o f w ar necessitated that the m atter be reconsidered and it was decided to hold a short C onference at an easily accessible centre; after careful consideration C heltenham was chosen.
T he Thirty-Seventh A nnual C onference will, therefore, be held at C heltenham on F rid ay and Saturday, June 7 and 8. T he C ouncil gratefully acknow ledges the assistance which it is receiving in the organisation o f the C onference from the civic authorities in C heltenham and the hos
pitality which is being tendered by H is W orship the M ayor. T he C ouncil is grateful to the M iddlesbrough Branch for agreeing to postpone its claim to a C onference until a later date.
W. B. La k e, President.
T. Ma k e m s o n, Secretary.
T he Council feels that it is expressing the feelings o f all m em bers o f the Institute in ten
dering its congratulations to the P resident, M r.
W. B. Lake, on the attain m en t o f his seventieth birthday, which occurred during the Post-C on
gress T o u r in Ju n e last. A presentation was m ade to him by the m em bers o f the tour in M anchester, and on his return to B raintree he was the recipient o f several presentations in
cluding a p o rtra it in oils from his co-directors, staff, and w orkpeople.— T .M
(5
EIG H T H A N N U A L R E P O R T O F T H E T E C H N IC A L C O M M ITT EE
The w ork o f the Technical C om m ittee is one of the few activities o f the Institute which have been interrupted by the war. M em bership of the C om m ittee necessitates the carrying out of a certain am ount of w ork o f a technical nature, which is done by the m em bers voluntarily in their own time. T he w ar has brought its own especial problem s and intense activity to most of these m em bers in regard to the firms with which they are associated, and it has no t been possible therefore for them to devote quite the same am ount o f time to the Technical C om mittee activities.
In spite o f these preoccupations, the m em bers have accom plished a good deal o f w ork during the year. Close co-operation has been m ain
tained in the preparation and revision o f speci
fications o f interest to the industry. Several sub
com m ittees have m ade progress with some of the investigations which they have in hand, and the M elting Furnaces Sub-C om m ittee has com pleted a valuable piece o f w ork by the publica
tion of Special R eport No. 2 on “ M elting Furnaces for G rey C ast Iro n .”
T he question o f policy during the w ar period has been given very careful consideration, and w hilst realising that some o f the ordinary w ork o f the C om m ittee m ay have to be suspended for the w ar period, it is recognised that the war conditions have brought their problem s to the industry, in the solving of which the members o f the C om m ittee are particularly fitted to assist.
As far as possible their experience and know ledge will be placed at the disposal o f the indus
try, and of the various official bodies who are working in conjunction with it. The C om m ittee will keep its organisation intact, but it will hold its meetings less frequently than before the war. Its present work will be com pleted as far as possible, and put into a condition where it can be resum ed when circum stances are more favourable. T he Com m ittee will offer its ser
vices in an advisory capacity to various official bodies.
J. W. Ga r d o m, Convener.
B A L A NC E SH EE T 31 st D e ce m b e r, 19 39
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