Palynostratigraphy and palynofacies of the Permian-Triassic transitional sequence in the Żary Pericline (SW Poland)

Geological Quarterly, Vol. 39, No.3, 1995, p. 307-332

AnnaFIJALKOWSKA

Palynostratigraphy and palynofacies of the Permian- Triassic transitional sequence in the Zary Peri cline

(SW Poland)

One spore-pollen assemblage representing the Lundbladl·.~pora obsoleta-Protohap{oxypinus panfii Zone was recognized within the lowermost Buntsandstein deposits in the Zary Pericline. For the first time possible fresh water algae were found in Early Triassic sediments of Polond. Moreover, four palynofacies were distinguished, which together with sedimentological features of the studied deposits, indicate deposition in a playa environment.

The palaeoclimatic model used in this study shows warm (tropical) dry climate during the Early Triassic in SW Poland.

INTRODUCTION

The Permian-Triassic sequence in the Zary Pericline has a transitional character. Its lower part (complex I) can be correlated with the Zechstein Top Terrigenous Series (pzt).

The middle part (complex II) represents boundary beds, within which at the boundary between Pzt Series and Lower Buntsandstein deposits is drawn at various positions on the basis of lithological, sedimentological as well as environmental features . In some sections (Bronk6w M27 or Lubiat6w M20 borehole) this boundary lies at the top of complex IT whereas in others (Nowa Wies PI) at the base of complex IT or within it (Kosierz M25).

The upper part (complex III) represents the Lower Buntsandstein

(0.

Czapowski

et at.,

in preparation). This approach corresponds generally to the characteristics of the Pzt Series presented by O. Pienkowski (1987,1989,1991) and R. Wagner (1987,1988, 1991, 1994).

The boundary complex II consisted of mostly aleuritic-pelitic heterolithes is especially

interesting. The appearance of heterolithes in the lithological Permian-Triassic succession

of the Polish Basin is generally connected with the Lower Buntsandstein (G. Pienkowski,

1989, 1991) but a detailed analysis of the heterolithes from the Zary Pericline, carried out

308 Anna Fijatkowska

A o .

^{10 20}

DYC~6WM~osierz

^M25

~

^...

jt' \

8ronkowM27

~LUbiat6wM2(P

^l!ELONA

GORA

I •

Ta'rpawa M21 )

G> t.azy

P7

Nowa Wies P 1 m

:::c :5:

l>

Z

-<

• 5

Fig. 1. Location of studied boreholes and present limit of Zechstein and Lower Buntsandstein deposit in the

Zary

Pericline and North Sudetic Trough (after G. Czapowski et al., in preparation)

1 - areas without Zechstein deposits, 2 - present limit of Lower Buntsandstein deposits, 3 - present limit of PZ4 evaporites, 4 - present limit of Zechstein deposits in Poland, 5 - studied boreholes

Lokalizacja badanych otwor6w wicrtniczych oraz obecny zasivg utwor6w cechsztynu i dolnego pstrego piaskowca w peryklinie

Zar

i niecce polnocnosudeckiej (wedlug G. Czapowskiego i in., w przygotowaniu)

1 - obszru:y pozbawione utwor6w cechsztynu, 2 - obecny zasi~g ulwor6w dolnego pstrego piaskowca, 3 - obecny zasivg ewaporat6w cyklu PZ4, 4 - obecny zasi~g utworOw cechsztynu w Polsce, 5 - otwory wiertnicze

by G. Czapowski et ai. (in preparation), made an attempt to divide them into those formed in a continental environment genetically connected with the Pzt Series and those deposited in marine environments, belonging to the Buntsandstein sequence.

Palynological studies of the Permian-Triassic sequence from the :lary Pericline were carried out in 1992-1994. Their aim was definition of microfloral characteristics and working out the palynostratigraphic scheme. In addition, a few palynofacies were recog- nized which were applied to palaeoenvironmental reconstruction.

Palynological investigation of the Permian-Triassic succession in Poland were started

by S . Dybova-Jachowicz, D. Laszko (1976, 1978, 1980). They concerned the Holy Cross

Mts. area, where a pore-pollen spectrum A was distinguished within the upper part of the

Middle Buntsandstein. Later

T.

Orlowska-Zwoliriska (1984, 1985) presented the first

palynostratigraphical zonation of the LowerBuntsandstein, based on borehole sections from

western Poland (among other Dach6w M24 borehole in the Zary Pericline). The microtloral

Palynostratigraphy and palynofacies of ... 309

studies of the Permian-Triassic deposits in the Holy Cross Mts. and SW Poland were continued by the author (G. Czapowski, A. Fijalkowska, 1993; A. Fijalkowska, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994a, b; A. Fijalkowska, A. Trzepierczyriska, 1990). They resulted in reworking the paIynostratigraphical scheme of the Zechstein and Buntsandstein deposits in the Holy Cross region as well the Lower Buntsandstein in the Zary Pericline. Moreover, palynofacial analysis of the uppermost Zechstein and Buntsandstein in the mentioned areas was started by author

(G.

Czapowski,

A.

Fijalkowska, 1993;

A.

Fijalkowska, 1994a; A.

Fijalkowska, M. Kuleta, 1994a, b; M. Kuleta,

A.

Fijalkowska, 1995).

METHODS AND MATERIALS

Palynological data for this study were gathered and compiled from 8 boreholes, located in the Zary PericIine: Lubiat6w M20 (1096.3-1140.0 m), Tarnawa M21 (985.1,986.0

m),

KosierzM25 (1100.5-1239.6 m),Dych6wM26 (l304.2-1314.9m),Bronk6wM27 (980.5- 983.2

m),

Nowa Wies PI (632.8-681.5 m), Jasien P4 (601.2-624.8

rn)

and Lazy P7(913.5- 913 .8,938.6-938.7 m) (Fig. 1).

In total, 70 samples were taken from a variety of lithologies although black, grey and greenish shales were preferred (Fig.

2).

The maceration process was based on the

HF

method.

In total, 51 species of miospores from 39 genera, as well as 4 genera of acritarchs, fungal spores and 5 types of planktonic possibly fresh water algae were recognized (Appendix 1, Tab. 1).

Organic matter was classified according to the "Amsterdam Organic Matter Classifica- tion 1993", where four main groups of organic particles are proposed: palynomorphs, structured matter, unstructured (amorphous) matter and indeterminate matter. Four palyno- facies were distinguished within the Pennian-Triassic transitional sequence on the basis of the organic matter relative frequency (Fig. 3).

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STUDIED LITHOSTRATIGRAPHICAL COMPLEXES

The first detailed lithostratigraphical characteristics of the Zechstein-Buntsandstein succession in the Zary Pericline was presented by J. Sokolowski (1967), who divided deposits between the Red Upper Clay of the PZ4 Cyclothem and the Lower Buntsandstein beds into four lithological complexes (18-21).

The most recent proposed lithostratigraphical division of these deposits was produced

by G. Czapowski, who distinguished 3 lithofacies complexes (G. Czapowski, A. Fijalkow-

ska, 1993; G. Czapowski et al., in preparation). Complex I can be correlated with the

Zechstein Pzt Series. The detailed sedimentological as well as geochemical analyses of

complex II showed that the environmental change from continental into marine shore facies,

identified with the Zechstein-Buntsandstein boundary, occurs in a different position within

this complex (A. G::tSiewicz, G. Czapowski, 1995). In some sections this boundary lies at

310 Anna Fijalkowska

- ^{f2Z1 0} ₀

^{1 2 3} 4 ^?-

•

^{10 7 B 9}

EJ

^{5 01 11}

0

^{6 ... 12}

,!,095.0 04

B k"

.02a ron ow

M27

---"_~...01

980.0 .038

1'40,,~---1012.o

Fig. 2. Correlation of the selected Permian-Triassic sections in the

Zary

Pericline (after G. Czapowski el a/., in preparation)

Lit h 0 fa c i e s : 1 - pelites, 2 - alcuritic-pelitic heterolithes, 3 - psammitic-aleuritic-pelitic helerolithes, 4 - core lacking; e n vir 0 n men t: 5 - marine shore, 6 - continental, 7 - pzt-Buntsandstein boundu(), based on lithological criteria, 8 - boundnry between environments based on palynological criteria; p a I y n 0 -

log y : 9 - studied intervaJs of cores, 10 - palynomorph occurrence) 1 I - palynofacies, 12 - Permian-Tria%ic boundary based on palynological criteria

Korelacja wybranych profiJi permsko-triasowych z perykliny Zar (wedlug G. Czapowskiego i in., w przygotown- niu)

Lit 0 f a c j e : 1 - pelity, 2 - heterolity aleurytowo-pelitowe, 3 - heterolity psamitowo-aleurytowo-pel itowe, 4 - brak rdzenin; S rod 0 w i s k 0 : 5 - morskie brzegowe, 6 - kontynentaloe, 7 - granica Pzt-pstry piaskowiec wyznaczona na podstawie kryteriow Iitofacjalnych, 8 - granica miedzy srodowiskami wyznaczona oa podstawie kryteri6w palinologicznych: p a lin 0 log j a : 9 - badane odcinki rdzeni, 10 - wystqpienia palinomorf, 11 - paHnofacje, 12 - gr::mica perm-trias wyznaczonn na podstawie kryteri6w palinologicznych

the top of the complex, whereas in others at its base or in the middle part. Therefore the name of "boundary complex" is suggested for these deposits. Complex III represents the Lower Buntsandstein and can be correlated with the Baltic Fonnation distinguished by R.

Wagner (1987,1991

1

1994) in northern Poland.

Complex I (a few to a dozen metres in thickness) consists of structureless red-brown

claystones with numerous anhydrite nodules and intercalations

. Sometimes thicker inter-

beds of sandstone occur.

Palynostratigraphy and palynofacies of... 311

eLI

A:

~ 9

c::J ¹ c:::::;:J 10

c:::J 2 C3 ¹¹

IIIID 3 !!;ill 12

-

^{o:JJ E7Ll} ~

^B:

^{4 5} 6 ^(ZZJ c::::J ^{_ 13 14} 15

^0:

IIDI ⁷

/

-

^~

^c:

⁸

Fig. 3. Palynofacies and palaeoenvironment

I, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4 - types and subtypes of palynofacies; A - organic matter: palynomorphs: I - pollen, 2 - spores, 3 - fungal spores, 4 - acritarchs nnd algae; B - structured matter: 5 - "woody", 6 - plant epiderm and cuticle, 7 - plant tissue, 8 - indeterminnte; C - unstructured (amorphous) matter: 9 - finely dispersed, 10 - homogeneous, 11 - heterogeneous, 12 - indetermine; D - organic matter colour: 13 - dark brown and black, 14 -light brown, 15 - yellow

Palinofacje i paleosrodowisko

1, 2a, 2b, 3a., 3b, 4 -typy i podtypy palinofacji; A - materia organiczna: palinomorfy: 1 - ziarna pylku, 2 - spory, 3 - spory grzyb6w, 4 - akritarchy i glony; B - materia strukturalna: 5 - "drewno", 6 - nablonki roslinnc i kutikule. 7 - tkanki roslinne, 8 - frogmenty nieokreslone; C - materia bezstrukturalna: 9 - drobno rozproszona, 10- homogeniczna, 11 - heterogeniczna, 12 - nieokreslona; D - barwa materii organiczncj: 13 - ciemnobrqzowa i czarna. 14 - jasnobrqzowa, 15 - z6lta

Complex II (1.5 to 49.8 m in thickness) is composed of dark brown and motley aleuritic-pelitic heterolithes, locally with sandstone or carbonate/oolitic interbeds, struc- tureless or with horizontal, wavy or ripple bedding. Dessication and syneresis cracks as well as convolutions are common here whereas sulphate nodules and bioturbation are scarce.

Complexes I and II correspond to the Upper Red Clays and three (19-21) complexes of the Lower Buntsandstein, distinguished by J. Sokolowski (1967)

.

Complex TIl (2.5 to over 102.3 m) is built of dark brown to greenich sandy-clayey heterolithes with clayey and carbonate interbeds, diagonal. wavy, ripple or horizontal bedding. Dessication and syneresis cracks as well as wash-out structures are common here.

It can be referred to complex 18 of J. Sokolowski (1967).

312 Anna Fijalkowska

Tab I e Stratigraphic distribution of palynomorphs in the Upper Permian and Lower Triassic

of the Zary Periclinc and North Sudetic Trough

SPECIES

Lueckisporites virkkiae NA Luecklsporites virkklae NB Lueckisporites vlrkkiae NE Jugasporites delasaucei Jugasporites paradelasaucei Jugasporites parvus Jugasporites lueckoides Jugasporites NB

1111nltes unicus

Protohaploxypinus latissimus Vittatina vittifera

Vittatlna subsaccata

Klausip~11enites schaubergeri Llmltlsporites moersensls Limitlsporites rectus Llmltlsporltes parvus Gardenasporltes leonardil Gardenasporites moroderi Gardenasporites oberrauchil Gardenasporltes heisseli Vesicaspora sp.

Trladispora visscheri Chordasporites sp.

Lycospora

cr.

permica Peri saccus granulatus Nuskoisporites klausi Endosporltes hexarecticulatus Trizonaesporites grandls Crustaesporltes globosus Guttulapollenites sp.

Falclsporites zapfei Nuskoisporites sp.

Trizonaesporites sp.

Lunatisporltes multiplex Gnetacaepollenites steevesii Lueckisporites sp.

Gardenasporites sp.

Platysaccus niger

Protohaploxyplnus samoilovichli Klausipollenites stapllnii Triadispora crassa Calamospora tener Cycadopites coxl1 Cycadopites fOllicularis Lunatisporites novlaulensis Klausipollenltes mlnlmus Lunatisporltes labdacus Lunatispor1tes alatus Lunatlsporites gracilis

LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY

(after G. Cz:e.powski ~IQ1 .• in prepanl1ion)

ZECHSTEIN BUNTSANDSTEIN Pzt Lower Buntsandstein PZ4

II III

3 4 5

Palynostratigrnphy and palynofacies of ... ³¹³

Tab. I continued

1 2 3 4 5

Strotersporltes richteri Sphaerlpollenites balmei Lunatlsporltes mlcrosaccatus

Lundbladispora brevicula

- - - -

Lundbladispora obsoleta -

----

Kraeuselisporites apiculatus

- ----

Kraeusellsporites cuspidus -

----

Baculatisporltes sp.

- - - -

Deltoispora minima

- - - - -

Densolsporites cr. nejburgii

-

^{- -- -}

Densoisporites playfordii

-

Protohaploxypinus pantii Duplicisporites granulatus Klausipol1enites decipiens

Punctatisporites triasslcus ^-

Cyclotrlletes microgranifer

-

Angustlsulcites gorpli

-

Angustisulcites klausii

-

£ndosporltes papillatus

-

Aculeisporites varlabilis·

-

Klausipollenites forma Y Cyclotr11etes oligogranifer

Apiculaiisporls sp.

Lophotrlletes sp. Guttatisporltes elegans Densolsporites holospongia Strlatoabietites balmei

Cycadopites hart1i - - - -

Lunatisporites hexagonalis

- - -

Lunatlsporltes obex

----

Luna t ispor ites transversundatus

- - -

Lunatlsporltes pellucidus

- - -

DulhuntYispora sp.

- - -

Protosacculina sp.

- --

Platysaccus papllionis

- - -

Lundbladispora willmottl

- - -

Play[ordiaspora sp.

----

Proprisporites pocockli

- - -

Naumovaspora sp.

- - - -

Klausipollenites vestltus

- - -

Sphaeripollenites scissus

----

Platysaccus leschiki Striatoabietites aytugii Striatopodocarpites sp. Lycospora sp:

Vitreisporltes koenigswaldii

REDEPOSITED CARBONIFEROUS SPORES REDEPOSITED PERMIAN MIOSPORES ACRITARCHS

ALGAE

FUNGAL SPORES

PALYNOLOGIAL ZONES L. vlrkkiae 8e

?

L. obsoleta-P. pant i i

I

Fcequency of palynomorph occurrence: --'- single, - seldolli. - ,'ommon; samples containing the Upper Permian miospores were taken from the Koscielnn Wid IG I borehok III Ihe North Sudetic Trough

314

PAL YNOS1RA TIGRAPHY

Presence of was stated within the

COnnp!I;X

II in the Bronk6w M27 borehole a 983.2

m),

Jasien P4 18.7 and Kosierz M25

1239.6 as well as within III the

1184.2 Lubiat6w M20 1116.S-U17.0

675.0-678.5 2).

sp.

Both the Permian and Carboniferous ...

u:,"',,. .... "', ...

have a darker colour and are more

"+ .. ,..,,...,,,1,,

than younger Triassic forms which are C01TIP,aratIvlely

Planktonic fresh water uni- and multicellular are a

';HF,'lJ.j,'.t"U.llL

of this Their content varies from a few to more than 50% in the

The most abundant are unicellular of type whereas the multicellular forms of

represen ts the

LU,nalJlaalSDO 1

the lowermost Buntsandstein

n:1I'JI'Hlta(':It':.~ of...

A similar was described

t' naJrKO\l/SKa

(1991, from the lowermost Buntsandstein of the Cross Mts. This

aSSerrlOli:lge

correlated with the LTl-1 Zone of the scheme W. A.

PALYNOFACIES

is very often limited.

Uh'LJI1,~"'L"U",V

within the Permian-Triassic transitional seq uenee

TYPE!

C h a rae t e r i s tic s. The contents oscillates between 1 and 20%

Both spores and occur in the same Planktonic are common. The is dominated the black structured matter among which

are the most whereas and tissue are less abundant. Unstructured matter is dominated the black no'mo,gene()us

n""-f""l,,,,,

state

.... "'J.JV;:;.'UI.,..H

not far from the source area. Characteristics of

detJOsltIClD in a near- shore environment.

o ^{c cur r} nee: KosierzM25 borehole 1-1213.8 Lubiat6w M20

Nowa Wies PI 1,668.0-677.1,681.5 and Jasien P4 610.0-

612.6

316 Anna Fijalkowska

TYPE 2

be divided into two

a cornpi:llratllvelly share of 2,

o c cur r e n c e: Kosierz M25 1233.0, 1239.0-1239.6 m) .. Lubiat6w M20(1104.0-1 17.0 andJasiefiP4 vv../.v ,.lvoJ.,,-,.615.0

2b

differs from ",,'"', ... ,"'- content of black unstructured

o c cur r e

n

c Kosierz M25

(1

1168.5-1176.1 Nowa WiesPl

TYPE 3

are dominated Acritarchs occur spC)raCl1C,lll are absent spores and are

scarce. this

nofacies can be divided into two

Vn(na(;leS

^{VH,F;UIUU .. ,U.}

in marine shore lakes. This

, ... ",''I''':

3a is characterized

are dominated

or are absent. spores and is

",rr,.", .. rrlu

the black structured matter and indeterminate which share is 50-94% of total matter. The black hOlnOl;;eneOllS .... ',,,..,,..,,,.,,, are the most abundant among unstructured matter

o c cur

r

e n c e: Kosierz M25 (1143.3-1 1176.7-1185.2 Bronk6w M27

3b contains more

are the most abundant oaJlvnOHICH:;S is dominated the black structured matter.

o

^C

cur r e nee: Kosierz M25 (l] 00.5-1 1156.2

TYPE4

'~T\'''T",u'r!

unstructured matter.

structured matter The

UVI-'V,,"' • ..:!

c()ntammg

a en vironment

o c cur r e n c e: Kosierz M25 102.3

Jasien P4 ,617.3-627.8 and

A II of the Lubiat6w M20 borehole (1140.0 does not

Palynostratigraphy ond palynofacies of. ..

%

a

40 30

20

10 5

01

[1]2

[IT] 3

.4

o~~~~~~~w-~~~ __ ^~~~

%

b

40 30 20

10 5 0

317

Fig. 4. Application of palaeoenvironmental model to the Permian and Triassic microOo(al assemblages from the Zary Pericline and North Sudetic Trough; a - Early Triassic assemblage, b - Late Permian assemblage 1 - hygrophyuc elements, 2 - fungal spores, 3 - xerophytic elements, 4 - rnicrophytoplankton; p n I y n 0 -

m 0 r phs g r 0 ups: A - trilete, acavate, laevigate spores, B - trilete, cingulate and zonate spores, C - monosu1cate pollen, 0 - fungal spores, E - bisaccate, monolete pollen, F - bisaccate, trilete pollen, G - bisaccnte, alete pollen, H - bisaccate, striatite pollen. I - Triadispora group, 1 - vesicate pollen, K - monosulcate pollen, L - circumpolJen group, M - chlorophyceae algae, N - Baltisphaeridium, 0 - Micrhys- tridium. P - Veryhachium, R - Leiosphaeridia

Zastosowanie modelu paleosrodowiskowego do permskich i triasowych zespot6w mikroflorystycznych z perykliny Zar i niecki polnocnosudeckiej; a - zcspot wczesnotriasowy, b - zesp6t poinopermski

1 - elementy hygrofilne, 2 - spory grzyb6w, 3 - elementy kserofilnc, 4 - mikrofytoplankton; g r u p y p a lin 0 m 0 r f: A - spory ze znakiem trilet, gladkie bez "cavy", B - spory ze znnkiem trilet z pierScicniem lub zon'1, C - ziarnapylku monosulcate, 0 - spory grzybaw, E - dwuworkowe ziama pylku ze znakiem monolet, P - dwuworkowe ziarna pylku ze znakiem trilet. G - dwuworkowe ziama pylku bez znaku, H - dwuworkowe,

p~kowane zinrna pylku, 1 - grupn Triadispora, J - ziama pylku vesicate, K - jednoworkowe ziama pylku, L - grupa circumpollen, M - glony zielone, N - Bajfisphaeridium, 0 - Micrhystridium., P - Veryhachium, R - Leiosphaeridia

PALAEOCLIMATIC AND PALAEOENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS

A combination of the H. Visscher, C. 1. Van Der Zwan (1981) and G. Jerenic, B. Jelen (1991) models, based on the statistical analyses of xerophytic and hygrophytic elements in microfloral assemblages. was used for palaeoclimatic reconstructions (Fig. 4).

The xerophytic elements (47.3% of the spectrum), belonging to conifers, are represented by striatite pollen grains of the

Lunatisporites and Protohaploxypinus (group H).

They predominate over the hygrophytic forms (22.3% of the spectrum) - mainly spores of ferns

(Cyclotriletes, Endosporites) and lycopods (Densoisporites, Lundbladispora) (groups A

and B). Pollen of cycadales are abundant (group C).

Planktonic, chlorophyceae algae (group M) are comparatively frequent whereas acri- tarchs (groups N-R) occur seldom.

The similar rates between hygro- and xerophytic elements are observed also in the Early Triassic assemblage from the Holy Cross Mts. (A. Fijalkowska,

1994a)

where xerophytic forms make up 53% of the spectrum.

A distinct difference in the quantity of hygro- and xerophytic components as well their

character indicates a dry, warm tropical or subtropical climate during the Early Triassic

318 Anna Fijatkowska

u .... ,"U" ... J

is observed in older Zechstein der;ioslts

This is confirmed by the

Dal.ae()ge~Ograr.:)hLC~a

reconstructions and

!J"'."''''';''''''

matie models. P. A. the Polish area at about 30

⁰

N

IGlLlLUUv,

The Lower Triassic

palae()DtlVtIOg(~O~~ralDh

shows that the zone of SulJtf()D1caJ continued to North China and this

a wide distribution in coastal and lacustrine environments

D.

seems to have achieved the Triassic A.

sedimentation in after the accumulation of the

Stage reflects the first of the Triassic

on the marine nearshore.

is connected with clastic

U,"",~jV,J'LJU'U

al1uvjaJ fan environments. After this and alluvial sedimentation of the Lower Buntsandstein of the Polish

CONCLUSIONS

obsoleta-Protoha-

"'VL"U'V""~"

II and III of the lowermost

dls;tlTlguflstled within the lowermost Buntsandstein

V"'lJV"""",

.:l"''-lllll'-'Bl,

indicate deI)OSltIOITI in marine

!JUIU'-'\)'-'lJ'lllClU,-,

model used in warm,

or

SU1)triCloical climate the Triassic.

A k,,,">"\,rht,,

is observed in

C01TlDan~)on

with earlier time of the PZ4

Dn(~nC)m(~ncm

in also

known from the Cross Mts.

Pal~fnO!;traljgn:iphy and palynofacies of... 319

4. can in the environmental evolution ofthePermian-Triassic sequence in the studied area; the first one is connected with the end of the Zechstein

the second reflects the first Triassic and the third linked with an initial of which took

. . ' ... A~ ^{... '}

area of the Polish Basin

5, The II and can be

l.Jeo!()glcal Institute in

correlation and environmental reconstruction as well remarks article.

DESCRIPTION OF CHLOROPHYCEAN ALGAE

and a few taxa:

0C,nl'lOC'VS[,/a

ClP'enlel.llil

sp. were found in the

Appendix l

A few forms were

re(:OfJ;nI~~ea

the author in the Lower Triassic

UYIJ'V~>L~"

Pericline.

Coelastraceae Genus Actinastrum 1894

S Y non y my: 1986 Synrieslrwrion Ecke.

1994

1986 Syndesmorionpaulii sp., H. H. Ecke: p. 73-74. Pl. 1-3.

1994 Actinastrum? sp.; W. Brenner. C. B. Poster: p. 220. PI. 2, 3.

320

Dimensions:

(based on 8 speCilrleD!~).

cell iegth 10-20 ).lin, width 7-10 ).lm, coenobium length 40-60 11m, width 17-28 ).lin

The coenobium is built of 8-40

with a short spine on the outer end. Exine is thin arrag(;m,ent and size of cmmoO]'tJlm) w.

t ... 't"·hUJ""hl "''''''1''~'''''rf

this form to Actinastrum.

Perlcllne, complex III of the Lower Ger- Australia: Perth Lower Triassic

Actinastrum stellatum n. sp.

7)

HoI 0 t

y

p e . Pl.

m.

Fig. 7.

T Y P e h 0 r i Z 0 n : LowerTrinssic.

T y P e Joe ali t y Kosierz M25 borehole, depth 1233.0 m, Peri cline.

D e r i vat jon 0 f n a In e : [LaL] stella star, stellatum - Slnrry; coenobium with a radial organization of ce lis, resem bl in g a star.

D i a g nos i : Colonial Dim ens ion s: single diameter 30-40).lm inolot'vue

one

the second end is

built of7 elongated cells, radially arranged on one

length 8-18 !J.m (holotype 10 ).lm). width 7-10 11m (h",r"I'"",,, 7 11m); coenobium (based on 7 specimens).

cens which are m axis whereas Exine thin

(l

laeVH1'ate with small sec:onclaI-Y

HJll...tlHM..

Dis c u s s o n . It differs framA. .l::Snemleret Foster in constant number of celIs in

of vesicle.

Occurren e.

Hoi 0 l Y P e . PL III.

Type ho

Type loc

D vat

Dingn s

and their radial orientation as well as smaller size

- . >'~ ">"'-', ' - ' V I "1-1''-'''

III of the Lower Triassic.

?Scenedesrnaceae Genus aft. Genicularia aff. GenicuLaria n. sp.

III,

1239.6 m, Pericline.

name pnlynologist T. Odowska-Zwolinska.

ulga of elongate, cylindrical shape, built rectangular cells

Palynostratigraphy and palynofacies of... 321

forming a regular, rhomboidal net.

Dim ens ion s : single cell length 8-10 ~m (holotype 9 )lm), width 3-5 ~m (holotype 3 )lID); length of coenobium 15-30 ~m (holotype 28 ~m), width 15 ~ (holotype 15 ~m); dimension offensters of net 6-8 ).lm.

Des c rip t ion . Multicellular alga built of elongated, rectangular cells which form a cylindrical coenobium in the shape of a regular, rhomboidal net. Exine of vesicles thin

(1 ~m)

and laevigate.

Dis c u s s ion. This alga shows a morphological similarity to recent alga of the genus Genicularia.

o c cur r e n c e . Zary Pericline, complex ill of the Lower Triassic.

Hoi 0 t y p e : PI. III, Fig. 2.

T y p e h 0 r i z 0 n : Lower Triassic.

Incertae sedis Alga type A

n.

sp.

(PI.

ill, Figs. 1-3)

T y p e l 0 c a lit y : Kosierz M25 borehole, depth 1107.0 m, Zary Pericline.

D i a g nos is: Unicellular, circular alga with secondary exinal folding in marginal part.

S i z e : 45-70 IJ.m (holotype 50 )lm).

Des c rip

t

ion. Circular shaped, unicellular alga. Exine is thin

(0.5-1 ~m),

laevi- gate with numerous secondary folds concentrated in marginal part of body.

Dis c u s s ion. Both shape and size of this alga make it very similar to the spore Calamospora plicata (Luber et Waltz) Klaus from which

it

differs in thinner, transparent exine and lack of trilete mark.

o c cur r e nee. Zary Pericline, complex III of the Lower Triassic.

Oddziat Swi~tokrzyski

Pruistwowego Instytutu Geologiczoego Kielce, ul. Zgoda 21

Received: 21.04.1995

REFERENCES

AL-AMERI T. K. (1993) - Acid-resistant microfossils used in the deternUoation of Palaeozoic palaeoenviron- ments in Libya. PaJaeogeogr., Palaeoecol., Palaeoclim., 44, p. 103-116.

BATTEN D. J. (1982) - Palynofacies, palaeoenvironments and petroleum. J. Micropalaeont., 1, p. 107-114.

BLONDEL T. J. A, GORIN G. E., DUCHENE R. J. (1993) - Sequence stratigraphy in coastal environments:

seclimentology and palynofacies of the Miocene in Central Tunisia. Spec. Publ. lost. Ass. Sed., 18, p. 161-179.

BOULTER M. C., RIDDICK A. (1986) - Classification and analysis of palynodebris from the Palaeocene sediments of the Forties Field. Sedimentology, 33, p. 871-886.

BRENNER W., FOSTER C. B. (1994) - ChJorophycean algae from the Triassic of Australia. Rev. Palaeobot.

Palynol., 80, p. 209-234.

BRUGMAN W. A. (1983) - Pennian-Triassic palynology. Univ. Press. Utrecht.

322 Anna Fijalkowska.

CZAPOWSKI G., FIJAtKOWSKA A. (1993) - Utwory pogranicza pennu i triasu w SW Polsce w swietle badari sedymentologicznych i palinologicznych. Mat. II Kraj. Spotkanin Sedyment., Wroclaw, p. 147-148.

CZAPOWSKIG .. FUAtKOWSKAA.) Gt\SIEWICZA, KRYSTKlEWICZE., LANGLER-KUZNIAROWAA.

NA WROCKI J. (in preparation) - Utwory pogranicza permu i triasu wSW Polsce.

DOBRUSKINA I. A. (1987) - Phytogeography ofEurussia during the early Triassic. Palaeogeogr., PalaeoecoJ., Palaeoclim., 58, p. 75-86.

DYBKJAER K. (1991) - Palynological zonation and palynofacies investigation of the Fierritslev Fonnution (Lower Jurassic- basal Middle Jurassic) in the Danish subbasin. Geo!. SUN. Denmark, DGV Ser. A, no. 30.

DYBOV A-JACHOWICZ S., LASZKO D. (1976) - Charakterystyka spektrum sporowo-pylkowego utwor6w z pogranicza pennu i triasu w G6rach Swi~tokrzysk.ich. In: Mat. II Kraj. Konfer. Paleont., Kielce, p. 23-24.

DYBOV A-JACHOWICZ S., LASZKO D. (1978) - Spore-pollen spectrum of Penni an-Triassic junction beds in the Holy Cross Mts. In: Guide of excursions part 2 (eds. R. Wagner, G. PieIlkowski). Symp. on European Central Permian, WaIsaw, p. 81-106.

DYBOV A-JACHOWICZ S., LASZKO D. (1980) - Spore-poUen spectrum of Permian and Triassic rocks in the Piekosz6w Syncline. G6ry Swi~tokrzyskie Mts. (in Polish with English summary). Kwart. Geo!., 24, p.

611-641, no. 3.

ECKE H. H. (1986) - Palynologie des Zechsteins und Unteren Buntsandsteins irn Germanischen Becken. PhD.

Thesis Univ. Gottingen (unpubl.).

FIJAI:.KOWSKA A. (1990) - Wyniki badan sporowo-pylkowych w profilu wiertniczym Tumlin-Podgrodzie IG 1. Kwart. Geo!., 34, p. 199-200, no. 1.

FUAI:.KOWSKA A. (1991) - Wystepowanie mikroflory w prof1lu wiertniczym Nie~win PIG 1 (NW cz~sc G6r Swi~tokrzyskich). Geo!. Quart., 35, p. 521-522, no. 4.

FIJAt.KOWSKA A. (1992) - Palynostratigraphy of the Zechstein and Lo,,!,er Buntsandstein in the north-western part of the Holy Cross Mts. (Central Poland) (in Polish with English summary). Prz. Geo\., 40, p. 468-473, no. 8.

FUALKOWSKA A. (1993) - Wyniki badan palinologlcznych osad6w triasu w profilu wjertniczym Opoczno PIG 2. Posiedz. Nauk. Panstw. lnst. Geo!., 49(1), p. 76-78.

FIJ AtKOWSKA A. (1994a) - Palynostratigraphy of the Lower and Middle Buntsandstein in north-western part of the Holy Cross Mts. Geo!. Quart .• 38, p. 59-96, no. 1.

FIJAtKOWSKA A. (1994b) - Palynological aspects of the Permo-Triassic succession in the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland. Documenta Naturae, 87. Monachium.

PUAtKOWSKA A., KULETA M. (1994a) - Palinostratygrafia omz aspekty pnieogeograficzne i paleoklima- tyczne dolnego i srodkowego pstrego piaskowca wNW czesci G6r Swi~tok.n.yskich. Posiedz. Nauk. PllllstW.

Inst. Geol., SO (2), p. 115-116.

FIJAtKOWSKA A., KULETA M. (1994b) - Environmental changes at the Permianrrriassic boundary in Southern Poland. Abstr. Inter. Symp. on Permian stratigraphy, environments and resources. Gu.iyang, China, p.9.

FIJAtKOWSKA A, TRZEPIERCZYNSKA A (1990) - The palynostratigraphy of the Upper Permian and Triassic formations in the borehole Radwan6w IG 1 (in Polish with English summary). Kwart. Geol., 34, p.

647-676, no. 4.

FRAKES L. A. (1979) - Climates through geologic time. Elsevier. Amsterdnm.

GASIEWICZ A., CZAPOWSKI G. (1995) - Granica perm-trias w profilu geochemicznym utwor6w przejsciowych (kontyneotaIno-morskich) w SW Polsce. Arch. panstw. lnst. Geol. Warszawa.

HABIB D. (1979) - Sedimentology and palynomorphs and palynodebris in the Cretaceous carbonaceus facies.

south of Vigo Seamount. D. S. D. P. Report, 48, p. 451-465, no. 2.

JANSONIUS 1. (1962) - Palynology of Permian and Triassic sediments of Peace River Area, Western Canada.

Palaeontographica B, 110, p. 35-98, no. 1-4.

JERENIC G., JELEN B. (1991) - Palynostratigraphy, depositional environment and climate of the Upper Triassic in Vlatka-l offshore well, SW of Vis Island (Adriatic Sea, Croatia). In: Mat 2nd Inter. Symp. on the Adriatic carbonate platform, Jadar, 1991.

KULETA M. (1985) - Kompleksowe badanja petrograficzno-sedymentologiczne osad6w piaskowca pstrego w NW obrzezeniu G6r Swiytokrzyskich i niecce miechowskiej. Arch. panstw. lost. Geo!. Warszawa.

KULETA M. (1993) - Piaskowiec pstry: dolny i ~rodkowy. In: Dokumentacja wynikowa otworu Opocmo PIG 2 (ed. Z. Kowalczewski), p. 102-112. Arch. panstw. Inst. Geo!. Warszawa.

KULET A M. (in preparation) - Piaskowiec pstry: dolny i srodkowy. In: Dokumentncjn wynikowa otworu Ostal6w PIG 2 (ed. Z. Kowalczewski).

Palynostratigraphy nnd palynofacies of ... 323

KULETA M., FIJALKOWSKA A. (1995) - Zmiany srodowisk sedymentacji na granicy pennu i triasu w poludniowej Polsce. Posiedz. Nauk. Paristw. lnst. Geol., 51(3), p. 114-115.

MADER D. (1990) - Polaeoecology of the flora in Buntsnndstein and Keuper in the Triassic of Middle Europe, I, Buntsandstein. Verlag. Stuttgart-New York.

ORLOWSKA-ZWOLINSKA T. (1984) - Palynostratigraphy of the Buntsandstein in sections of West em Poland.

Acta Palaeont. Pol., 29, p. 161-194, no. 3-4.

ORI:..OWSKA-ZWOLINSKA T. (1985) - Palynological zones of the Polish epicontinental Triassic. Bull. Acad.

Sc. Earth Sc., 33, p. 107-119. no. 3-4.

PARR Y C. C, WHITLEY P. K. J., SIMPSON R. D. H. (1981) -

r

ntegrati on of palynolo gienl and sedi mentol ogical methods in facies analysis of the Brent Formation. In: Petroleum geology of continental shelf of North-West Europe (eds. L. V. Illing, D. G. Hobson). Inst. of Petroleum. London, p. 205-215.

PIENKOW SKI G. (1987) - PennianiTriassi c and ZechsteinlBu ntsandstein bound aries in Poland - a sed imen- tological approach. Abstr. Posters Inter. Sym. Zechstein' 87, Bochurn, p. 42-43.

PIENKOWSKI G. (1989) - Sedimentological criteria for delimitating ZechsteinlBuntsandstein and Permian rTriassic boundaries in Poland (in Polish with English summary). Prz. Geol., 37, p. 237-244, no. 5.

PIENKOWSKI G. (1991) - Facies criteria for deHrnitating ZechsteinIBuntsandstein and PermianITriassic boundaries in Poland. Zb1. Geo!. Palaont., 1, p. 893-912, no. 4.

POLLARD D., SCHULZ M. (1994) - A model for the potential locations of Triassic evaporite basins driven by paleoclimatic GCM si.mulations. Global and Planetary Changes. 9, p. 233-249.

PRAUSS M. (1989) - Dinocyst stratigraphy and palynofacies in the Upper Liassic and Dogger of NW Germany.

Palaeontogrophica B, 214, p. 1-124.

RICHARDSON J. B., RASUL S. M. (1990) -Palynofacies in a late Silurian regressive sequence in the Welsh Border and Wales. J. Geo!. Soc. London, 147, p. 675-686.

SINGH A., MISRA B. K., SINGH B. D., NA VALE G. K. B. (1992) - The Neyveli lignite deposits (Cauvery basin), India: organic composition, age and depositional pattern. Intern. J. Coal Geol., 21, p. 45-97.

SOKOt.OWSKI J. (1967) - Geology and structure of Sudetic foreland (in Polish with English summary). Geol.

Sudetica,3,p.297-367.

TYSON R. V. (1984) - Palynofacies investigation of Callovian (Middle Jurassic) sediments from DSDP Site 534, Blake-Bahama Basin, Western Central Atlantic. Mar. Petrol. Geo!., 1, p. 3-13.

TYSONR. V. (1989) -LnteJumssic palynofacies trends, Piper and Kimmeridge Clay Formations, U. K. on shore and northern North Sea. In: Northwest European micropalaeontology and palynology (eds. D. J. Batten, M.

C. Keen). British Micropal. Soc. Ser., p. l35-172.

TYSON R. V. (1993) - Palynofacies analysis. In: AppJied micropalaeontology (ed. D. G. Jenkins), p. 153-19l.

Kulvier Acad. Pub!. Dordrecht-Boston-London.

TYSON R. V. (1995) - Sedimentary organic matter. Chapman et Hall. London-New York-Tokyo.

VAN BERGEN P. E, KERP J. H. F. (1990) - Palynofacies and sedimentary environments of a Triassic section in southern Gennany. Meded. Rijsk. Geol. Dienst, 45. p. 24-31.

VAN DE LAAR H. G. M., FERMONTW. J. J. (1990) -The impact of marine transgression on palynofacies; the Carboniferous Aegh Marine Band in borehole Kemperkoul-l. Meded. Rijsk. Geo!. Dienst. 45, p. 76-83.

VAN DER ZW AN C. 1. (1990) - Palynostratigraphy and palynofacies reconstruction of the Upper Jurassic to lowermost Cretaceous of the Draugen Field, offshore mid Norway. Rev. Palaeobot. PaJynol., 62, p. 157-182.

VISSCHER H., VAN DER ZWAN C. J. (1981) - Palynology of the Circum-Mediterranean Triassic: phytogeo- graphical and palaeoclimatological implications. Geo!. Rund., 70, p. 625-630.

WAGNER R. (1987) - Strntigraphy of the Uppermost Zechstein in North-Western Poland. Bull. Pol. Acad. Sc.

Earth Sc., 35, p. 265-273.

WAGNER R. (1988) - The evolution of the Zechstein Basin in Poland (in Polish with English summary). K wart.

Geol., 32, p. 33-52, no. 1.

WAGNER R. (1991) - Stratigraphy of the Uppennost Zechstein in [he central part of the Polish Basin (in Gennany with English summary). Zbl. Geol. PalaonL,

1.

p. 883-892, no. 4.

WAGNER R. (1994) - Stratigraphy and evolution of the Zechstein Basin in the Polish Lowland (in Polish with English summary). Pr. Panstw. Inst Geo\., 146.

ZIEGLER P. A. (1989) - Evolution of Laurussia. Kuwer Acad. Pub!. Dordrccht-Boston-London.

ZIEGLER A. M., PARRISH J. M., JIPING Y., GYLLENHAAL E. D., ROWLEY D. B., PARRISH J. T., SHANGYOU N., BEKKER A., HULVER M. L. (1994) - Early Mesozoic phytogeography and climate. In:

Palaeoclimates nod their modelling (eds. J. R. L. Allen. B. 1. Hoskins, B. V. Sellwood, R. A. Spicer, P. J.

Valdes). Chapman et HajJ. London-New York-Tokyo.

324 Anna FijnJkowska

Anna FIJALKOWSKA

PALINOSTRATYGRAFIA I PALINOFACJE OSADOW Z POGRANICZA PERMU I TRIASU NA OBSZARZE PERYKLINY

ZAR

Streszczenie

Osady z pogranicza permu i triasu na obszarze perykliny

Zar

maj& charakter przejsciowy. Dolna cz~sc tej sekwencji, obejmujq.ca kompleks I. stanowi odpowiednik stropowej serii terygenicznej (Pzt), wyr6zoionej w osadach gomego cechsztynu nn obszarze Polski centralnej i potnocnej przez G. Pierikowskiego (1987. 1989, 1991) i R. Wagnem(1987, 1988. 1991,1994). W srodkowej cz~sci (kompleksIJ), wr6znym polozeniu,przebiegagranica miedzy cechsztynem i pstrym piaskowcem, wyr6zniana na podstawie kIyteri6w litologicznych, sedymentologi.- cznych, jak rowniez cech srodowiskowych. W niekt6rych otworach (np. otw6r Bronk6w M27 czy Lubiatow M20) granica ta lezy w stropie kompleksu II, natomiast w innych (Nowa Wies PI) lokalizowanajest w sp~u kompleksu II lub w jego obr~bie (otw6r Kosierz M25). G6ma cz~c omawinnej sekwencji (kompleks IU) nalezy do dolnego pstrego piaskowca i moZe stnnowic odpowiednik fonnacji bahyckiej, wyr6znionej przez R. Wagnera (1987, 1991, 1994) oa obszarze Polski p6mocnej. Kompleksy te odzwierciedlajll r6wniez zmiany srodowiskowe i mag'! bye trnktowane jako jedoostki izochroniczne w stratygrafii sekwencyjnej.

W badanym materiale (kompleks II i lfJ) wyr6zniono jeden zesp6l sporowo-pylkowy, reprezentuj:jcy najnizszy poziom pstrego piaskowca - Lundbladispora obsoleta-Protohaploxypinus pantii. Granica biostra- tygraficzna mj~dzy permem j triasem, stawiana w obrebie kompleksu II, dose dobrze koreluje sic ze zmianarni srodowisk sedymentacji (od kontynentalnego do morskiego przybrzeznego).

Zidentyfikowano ponadto 4 palinofacje, kt6re wraz z cechami sedymentologicznyrni osadu wskazujq na

depozycj~ w srodowisku przybrzeza mOl'Skiego i playi.

Model paleoklimatyczny, zastosowany w badnniach, pozwolil na okreslenie klimatu paoujqcego we wczes- nym triasie jako suchy, cieply, 0 charakterze zwrotnikowym tub podzwrotnikowyrn. Obserwuje si~ jednoczesnie nieznaczny wuost wilgotnosci w por6wnaniu z wczesniejszym okresem p6znego permu. Sugestia ta znajduje potwierdzenie w rekonstrukcjach paleogeograficznych i paleoklimatycznych dIu obszaru europejskiego (por. L.

A. Frakes, 1979; P. A. Ziegler, 1989; A. M. Ziegler i in., 1994).

Geol. Quart., No.3, 1995 PLATE [

3

4

5 7

9

8 10

11

Anna FUAt.KOWS KA - Palynostratigraphy and palynofacies of the Permian-Triassic transitional sequence in the

Zary

Pericline (SW Poland)

PLATE I

Densoisporiles play/ordU (Balme) Dettmann Depth 1107.0 In

Fig. 2. Lundbtadispora brevicula Balme Depth 1225.6 m

Lundbladisporacf. obsoleta Balme

Depth} 156.2 m

5. Jansonius

1

m

Fig. 6. Lundbladispora obsoleta Balme Depth 1156.2 m

Fig. 7. Lundbladispora obsoleta Balme Depth 642.1

m

Fig. 8. Kraeuselisporites apiculatus Jansonius Depth 1107.0

m

9. Kraeuselisporites cf. cuspidus Balme 1151.0

Fig. 10. Kraeuselisporites cuspidus Balme

m

Protohaploxypinus pantii (Janson ius) Orlowska-Zwolinska 115LOm

Protohaploxypinussamoilovichii (Jansonius) Hart Depth 1100.5 m

Fig. 14. Nuskoisporites sp.

Depth 1156.2 m

Strotersporites richteri (Klaus) Wilson Depth 1100.5

m

Fig. 16. Striatopodocarpites sp.

11

Depth

1-6, 5, - Kosierz M25 borehole, Fig. 7 Nowa Wies PI borehole, Fig. 16 Lubiat6w M20 borehole; Figs. 3-7, 9-17 - x 500, Figs. 1,2, x 750; Lower Triassic

Fig. 1-6,8-15,17 - otw6r Kosierz M25, fig. 7 otwor Nowa Wies PI, fig. 16 otwor Lubiat6w M20; fig.

9-17 500 x, fig. 1, 2,8 - 750 x; trias dolny

Geot. Quart., No.3, 1995 PLATE II

1

6 7

4 5

9

¹⁰

12

13

19

17

18

21

22 23

Anna FIJAt.KOWSKA - Palynostratigraphy and palynofacies of the Permian-Triassic transitional sequence in the

Zary

Pericline (SW Poland)

PLATE II

nO\lia.~fle,,!sis (Leschik) Scheuring

LWflatisporiles hexagonalis (J anson ius ) Seheurin g 1102.5 In

Fig. 6. sp. (Carboniferous redeposited form) Depth I m

Fig. 7. Lunatisporites gracilis (jansonius) Fijalkowska Depth 1102.5 m

Fig. 8. Dttplicisporites grant/latus Leschik Depth 1152.0 In

Fig. 9. Triquitrites sp. (Carboniferous redeposited form) Depth 1156.2 m

Fig. 10. sp.

Depth

NAb

Fig. l2. Lueckispontes virkkiae Potonie et Klaus NAc (Permian redeposited form) Depth] 116.5 m

Fig. l3. Crllsfaesporites globosus Lesehik (Permian redeposited form) Depth] 100.5 m

Fig. 14. Gardenasporiles

cr.

leonardi; Klaus (Permian redeposited form) Deplh 1107.0 m

Fig. 15. Vitlatina subsaccafa Samoilovich (Permian redeposited Depth 1100.5 m

Figs. 16,20. Micrhystridiumsp.

Depth 1239.6 Fig. 17. LeIOJplUle·nd.r.a Depth) 102.5

Fig. 18. Gardenasporites Klaus (Permian redeposited fonn) Depth 1156.2

Fig. 19. (al. sp, (fungal spore)

Depth 1233.0 In

Fig. 21. Veryhachium sp.

Depth '1102.5 m

Figs. 22, 23. Ballisphaeridiu/tlsp.

Depth 1102.5 m

Figs. I-II, 13-23 Kosierz M25 borehole, Fig. 12 - Lubiatow M20 borehole; x SOD; Lower Triassic Fig. [-11, 13-23 - otw6r Kosierz M25, fig. 12 - otw6r Lubiat6w M20; trias dolny

Geo!. Quart., No.3, 1995 PLATE III

5

4

9

12

Anna FUAI:XOWSKA - Palynostratigraphy and palynofacies of the Permian-Triassic transitional sequence in the

Zary

Pericline (SW Poland)

Fig. 1. Alga type A n. sp.

Depth 1107.0 Alga type n.

Depth 1107.0 m Fig. 3. Alga type n. sp.

Depth 1107.0

Fig. 4. aff. Poiyadosporites spore) Depth 1100.5 m

Fig. 5. sp.

Depth

6. aft. zwolinskai sp.

Depth 1239.6 m

Fig. 7. Actinastrumstellatum n. sp.

Depth 1233.0

Figs. 8, Polyadosporites Depth II 02.5 m

Figs. 10-12. Actinastrumpaulii Ecke Depth 654,4 In

PLATE III

Figs. 1-4,6-9 - Koskrz M25 borehole, Figs. 5, tG-l2 - Nowa Wies PI borehole; Figs. 5,7,12 x 500, Figs. 2-4, 10, 11 x 750; Pzt Series, Lower

Fig. 6-9 otw6r Kosier,,; M25, 10-12 otw6r Wies Pl, fig. 1, - 500 x, fig.

10, 11 750 x; seria Pzt dolny trias

•

Geo!. Quart., No.3, 1995

.."

,,-

"

".

,~

" , .

~

,

, .

,.

II.

1

•

..

PLATE IV

. ^, '

^II'

^• _" ^,

•

• •

" ^{• 2}

4

,

^.,

Anna FlJAt.KOWSKA - Palynostratigraphy and palynofacies of the Permian-Triassic transitional sequence in the

iary

Pericline (SW Poland)

Fig. 1. Palynofacies type J

Depth 1209.1 m

Fig. 2. Palynofacies subtype 2a Depth 1239.6 m

Fig. 3. Palynofacies subtype 2a Depth 1233.0 m

Fig. 4. Palynofacies subtype 3a Deprh ! 183.7 m

Figs. 5,6. Palynofacies subtype 3b Depth J 100.5 m

Fig. 7. Palynofacie!1 subtype 2b Depth 1168.S m

Fig. 8. Palynofacies type 4 Depth 1 J 26.8 m

PLATE IV

Kosicrz M25 borehole; Figs. l-5, 7, R - x 160, Pig. 6 - x 250; Lower Triassic Otw6r Kosien M25; fig. 1-5,7,8 - 160 x, fig. 6 - 250 x; dolny Irins