ISSN 1509-1619
Ɇɚɪɢɧɚ Ȼɨɧɞɚɪɟɧɤɨ
Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ
ɅɂɇȽȼɈȾɂȾȺɄɌɂɑȿɋɄɂɃ ɉɈɌȿɇɐɂȺɅ ȽɈȽɈɅȿȼɋɄɈȽɈ ɌȿɄɋɌȺ.
„ ɋɅɈȼɈ ȽɇɂɅɈ ȾȺ ɇȿ ɂɁɕȾȿɌ ɂɁ ɍɋɌ ɇȺɒɂɏ...”
Key words: Russian language, linguistic education, Gogol’s style, speech variety
ɍɞɢɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɝɨɝɨɥɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɢɪɨɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɹ, ɧɚɲɟɞɲɟɝɨ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɟ, ɛɵɥɚ ɫɨɛɨɪɧɨɫɬɶ, ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨ, ɫɨɨɛɳɧɨɫɬɶ. ȼ ɷɩɨɯɭ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɧɚɫɭɳɧɵɦ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɜɪɟ- ɦɟɧɢ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɥɚɜɹɧɫɤɢɣ ɦɢɪ, ɤ ɫɨɠɚɥɟɧɢɸ, ɧɟɪɟɞɤɨ ɞɟɦɨɧɫ- ɬɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɧɟ ɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ, ɚ ɪɚɫɳɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɥ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɹɡɵɤ. ɉɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɟɝɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɚ, ɤ ɫɨɠɚɥɟɧɢɸ, ɢɫɬɨɧɱɚɟɬɫɹ, ɜɨɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ „ɜɟɥɢɤɚɹ ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɚɹ ɫɬɟɧɚ” ɦɟɠɞɭ ɞɜɭ- ɦɹ ɧɚɪɨɞɚɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɢ, ɫɭɞɶɛɟ ɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɇɢɤɨɥɚɹ Ƚɨɝɨɥɹ ɛɵɥɢ ɟɞɢɧɵ. ɂ ɬɟɩɟɪɶ ɭɠɟ ɝɨɝɨɥɟɜɫɤɨɟ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ, ɫ ɟɝɨ ɧɟɩɨɜ- ɬɨɪɢɦɨɣ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɸ, ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜ ɧɟɝɨ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɫɭɳɟɝɨ – ɨɬ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫ- ɤɨɝɨ ɞɨ ɜɫɟɥɟɧɫɤɨɝɨ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɵɝɪɚɬɶ ɪɨɥɶ ɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɫɥɚɜɹɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ.
ɉɨɠɚɥɭɣ, ɧɢ ɨɞɢɧ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶ ɧɟ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɫɹ ɫ Ƚɨɝɨɥɟɦ ɜ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɜɨɡ- ɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ – ɟɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ, ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɩɚɫɚ, ɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɇɧɨɝɨɚɫɩɟɤɬɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɫ ɝɨɝɨɥɟɜɫɤɢɦ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɟ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɣ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɦɟɪɧɭɸ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɭɸ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɹɡɵɤɨ- ɜɭɸ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ ɦɢɪɚ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜɭɸ ɪɭɫɫɤɭɸ ɪɟɱɶ, ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɬ ɜɧɭɬ- ɪɟɧɧɢɟ, ɫɤɪɵɬɵɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɦ ɜɡɝɥɹɞɟ ɫɦɵɫɥɵ, ɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɭɸ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɜɵɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣ ɜɤɭɫ ɢ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɢ.
ɋɬɨɢɬ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɢɟ Ƚɨɝɨɥɹ, ɩɨɦɢɦɨ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫ- ɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɡɵ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɩɢɫɬɨɥɹɪɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ, ɩɭɛɥɢɰɢɫ- ɬɢɤɭ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨ-ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɹɡɵɤɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɫɟɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɨɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɪɟɱɢ – ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ.
ɇɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɚɪɫɟɧɚɥ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɟɱɟɜɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɣ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɥɨɞɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɛɵɥɨ ɛɵ ɩɨ ɦɟɧɶ- ɲɟɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɧɟɞɚɥɶɧɨɜɢɞɧɨ, ɬɟɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɬɨ ɢ ɰɟɥɶɧɨe ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢe ɨ ɬɜɨɪ- ɱɟɫɬɜɟ Ƚɨɝɨɥɹ, ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢe ɨ ɛɥɟɫɬɹɳɟɦ ɢ ɧɟɩɨɜɬɨɪɢɦɨɦ ɫɬɢɥɟ ɩɢɫɚ- ɬɟɥɹ ɭ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ, ɤ ɫɨɠɚɥɟɧɢɸ, ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ. ɂ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɨɥɨɞɵɟ ɥɸɞɢ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬ Ƚɨɝɨɥɹ ɫ ɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɟɦ, ɧɟ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɸɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɩɨ ɬɨɣ, ɜɢɞɢɦɨ, ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ, ɱɬɨ ɟɝɨ ɬɨɧɤɢɣ ɸɦɨɪ, ɚ ɩɨ- ɪɨɣ ɢ ɫɚɪɤɚɡɦ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɩɨɧɹɬɧɵɦ, ɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɦ, ɢ ɜɨɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ – ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ.
Ʉɨɪɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɠɢɡɧɢ Ƚɨɝɨɥɹ – „ɫɥɨɜɨ ɝɧɢɥɨ ɞɚ ɧɟ ɢɡɵɞɟɬ ɢɡ ɭɫɬ ɧɚ- ɲɢɯ” – ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɫɥɨɝɚɧɨɦ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹ, ɭɛɟɠɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɤ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɸ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɩɪɢɣɬɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɢɫ- ɬɢɧɧɨ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɤ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɟ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɝɨɝɨɥɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ, ɧɨ ɢ ɥɨɡɭɧɝɨɦ-ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɨɣ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɧɟɩɥɨɯɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɛɵ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɭ, ɬɨɦɭ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ
„ɧɟɫɟɬ” ɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɹɡɵɤ ɫɩɭɫɬɹ 200 ɥɟɬ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɫɜɟɬ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɢɫɚ- ɬɟɥɹ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɜɲɟɝɨ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɷɬɨɬ ɫɪɨɤ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɪɚɡ- ɜɢɬɶ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɭɸ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ.
ȼ ȼɵɛɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɟɩɢɫɤɢ ɫ ɞɪɭɡɶɹɦɢ Ƚɨɝɨɥɶ ɫ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɬɪɟɩɟɬ- ɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɥɸɛɜɢ ɤ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɭ ɹɡɵɤɭ:
ɧɟɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɹɡɵɤ ɧɚɲ ɟɫɬɶ ɟɳɟ ɬɚɣɧɚ. […] ȼɫɟ ɷɬɨ ɟɳɟ ɨɪɭɞɢɹ, ɟɳɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚ- ɥɵ, ɟɳɟ ɝɥɵɛɵ, ɟɳɟ ɜ ɪɭɞɟ ɞɨɪɨɝɢɟ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɵ, ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɵɤɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɚɹ, ɫɢɥɶɧɟɣ- ɲɚɹ ɪɟɱɶ1,
ɢ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɞɚɟɬ ɛɥɟɫɬɹɳɭɸ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɭ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɪɭɫ- ɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɷɬɚ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɪɚɡɜɟɪɧɭɬɨɣ ɚɧɬɢ- ɬɟɡɵ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɪɟɡɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɬɟ- ɝɨɪɢɣ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜ, ɧɨ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɢɯ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ ɫɨɡɢɞɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɜɦɟɳɚɬɶ ɜ ɫɟɛɟ ɷɬɢ ɤɪɚɣɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶ- ɧɨɦ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɫ ɱɭɠɟɡɟɦɧɵ- ɦɢ ɧɚɪɟɱɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɧɟɦɭ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ. ɉɥɚɧ ɠɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧ ɤ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɭ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫ- ɬɟɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɚɧɬɢɬɟɡɵ, ɛɥɟɫɬɹɳɟ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɚ
1 ɇ.ȼ. Ƚɨɝɨɥɶ, ȼɵɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɟɩɢɫɤɢ ɫ ɞɪɭɡɶɹɦɢ, ɜ: Ƚɨɝɨɥɶ ɇ.ȼ. Ⱦɭɯɨɜɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɡɚ, Ɇocɤɜa, Ɋɭɫɫɤɚɹ ɤɧɢɝɚ 1992, c. 267.
ɷɬɢɯ ɩɥɚɧɨɜ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɫɨɜɦɟɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɢ ɧɢɡɤɨɣ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɢ („ɜɨɫɯɨɞɢɬɶ, ɦɥɚɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɣ” – „ɜɵɛɨɥɬɚɥɢ, ɞɪɹɧɶ”), ɢ ɛɥɟɫɬɹɳɢɦɢ ɪɚɡɜɟɪɧɭ- ɬɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɚɦɢ („ɧɟɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɶɹ ɜɟɳɟɣ – ɞɟɬɢ ɦɵɫɥɟɣ ɧɟɜɵɹɫɧɢɜɲɢɯ- ɫɹ ɢ ɫɛɢɜɱɢɜɵɯ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɬɟɦɧɹɸɬ ɹɡɵɤɢ”), ɢ ɫɨɱɧɵɦ ɮɨɪɦɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ („ɩɨɱɟɪɩɚɹ”, „ɧɟɩɨɧɹɬɥɢɜɟɣɲɟɝɨ”, „ɨɳɭɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ”, „ɩɨɬɟɦɧɹɸɬ”), ɢ ɚɧɚɮɨ- ɪɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ („ɩɨɬɟɦɧɹɬɶ – ɩɨɫɦɟɬɶ – ɩɨɦɪɚɱɢɬɶ”; „ɟɳɟ ɨɪɭɞɢɹ, ɟɳɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ, ɟɳɟ ɝɥɵɛɵ, ɟɳɟ ɜ ɪɭɞɟ ɞɨɪɨɝɢɟ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɵ”). ɂ ɯɨɬɹ ɜɟɥɢɤɢɣ ȼɢɫɫɚɪɢɨɧ Ȼɟɥɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɜ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɦ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɩɢɫɶɦɟ ɨɬɤɚɡɚɥ Ƚɨɝɨɥɸ ɞɚɠɟ ɜ ɧɚ- ɦɟɤɟ ɧɚ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɟɝɨ ȼɵɛɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɫɬ:
ɂ ɱɬɨ ɡɚ ɹɡɵɤ, ɱɬɨ ɡɚ ɮɪɚɡɵ!.. ɤɬɨ ɛɵ ɩɨɞɭɦɚɥ, ɱɬɨ ɷɬɚ ɧɚɞɭɬɚɹ ɢ ɧɟɨɩɪɹɬɧɚɹ ɲɭɦɢ- ɯɚ ɫɥɨɜ ɢ ɮɪɚɡ – ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ Ɋɟɜɢɡɨɪɚ ɢ Ɇɟɪɬɜɵɯ ɞɭɲ?2,
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɦ ɫɟɛɟ ɧɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɢɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɦɧɟɧɢɟɦ „ɧɟɢɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ȼɢɫɫɚɪɢɨɧɚ”, ɬɟɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɬɨ ɢ ɧɟɩɪɚɜ ɨɧ ɛɵɜɚɥ ɧɟ ɪɚɡ (ɜɫɩɨɦɧɢɦ ɯɨɬɹ ɛɵ ɟɝɨ ɧɟɥɢɰɟɩɪɢɹɬɧɨɟ ɦɧɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɉɨɜɟɫɬɹɯ Ȼɟɥɤɢɧɚ). Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɠɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɭɛɟɠɞɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɪɢ- ɬɢɤɚ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɬɨɬ ɜɵɜɨɞ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɨɢɬ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɫɹ, ɩɨɫɬɢɝɚɸ- ɳɢɦ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɵɫɥɢ Ƚɨɝɨɥɹ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɚ, ɪɚɧɟɟ ɢɦ ɜ ɬɚɤɨɦ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɧɟ ɜɫɬɪɟ- ɱɚɜɲɟɝɨɫɹ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɨ ɩɨɬɪɹɫɚɸɳɟɣ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɢ ɟɝɨ ɦɵɫɥɢ ɢ ɫɥɨɜɚ.
Ȼɚɝɚɠ ɝɨɝɨɥɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɢɹ ɧɚɫɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɟɥɢɤ, ɱɬɨ ɦɵ ɛɭɞɟɦ ɜɵɧɭɠɞɟɧɵ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɶɫɹ ɥɢɲɶ ɦɚɥɨɣ ɬɨɥɢɤɨɣ Ɇɟɪɬɜɵɯ ɞɭɲ ɢ ɉɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɫ- ɫɨɪɢɥɫɹ ɂɜɚɧ ɂɜɚɧɨɜɢɱ ɫ ɂɜɚɧɨɦ ɇɢɤɢɮɨɪɨɜɢɱɟɦ, ɜ ɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɚɤ ɥɸɛɚɹ ɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɚ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɬɧɵɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɦ ɩɨɥɟɦ.
ɉɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɹ ɪɚɫɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɨɛ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦ ɤɨ- ɧɟɰ ɩɹɬɨɣ ɝɥɚɜɵ Ɇɟɪɬɜɵɯ ɞɭɲ ɢ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɦ ɞɜɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɚɛɡɚɰɚ. ɗɬɨ ɩɨ- ɦɨɠɟɬ ɭɜɢɞɟɬɶ, ɤɚɤ ɜ ɫɥɨɜɟ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɨɜɨɪɹɳɟɝɨ, ɤɚɤ ɦɝɧɨɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɫɦɟɧɚ ɬɨɧɚ – ɩɪɨɡɚɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ, ɫ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɪɟɱɢɹɦɢ, ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨ-ɫɦɟɯɨɜɨɣ ɨɤɪɚɫɤɨɣ, ɧɚ ɜɨɡɜɵɲɟɧɧɨ-ɩɨɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ, ɜɞɨɯɧɨɜɟɧɧɨ-ɩɚɮɨɫɧɵɣ.
ɋɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɦ ɪɟɱɟɜɭɸ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɭ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɟɣ, ɜɵɞɟ- ɥɢɜ ɬɢɩɢɱɧɵɟ ɱɟɪɬɵ, ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɢ:
ȼɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɪɨɞ! ɢ ɟɫɥɢ ɧɚɝɪɚɞɢɬ ɤɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɰɨɦ, ɬɨ ɩɨɣɞɟɬ ɨɧɨ ɟɦɭ ɜ ɪɨɞ ɢ ɩɨɬɨɦɫɬɜɨ, ɭɬɚɳɢɬ ɨɧ ɟɝɨ ɫ ɫɨɛɨɸ ɢ ɧɚ ɫɥɭɠɛɭ, ɢ ɜ ɨɬɫɬɚɜɤɭ, ɢ ɜ ɉɟ- ɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, ɢ ɧɚ ɤɪɚɣ ɫɜɟɬɚ. ɂ ɤɚɤ ɭɠ ɩɨɬɨɦ ɧɢ ɯɢɬɪɢ ɢ ɧɢ ɨɛɥɚɝɨɪɚɠɢɜɚɣ ɫɜɨɟ ɩɪɨ- ɡɜɢɳɟ, ɯɨɬɶ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɶ ɩɢɲɭɳɢɯ ɥɸɞɢɲɟɤ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɡɚ ɧɚɟɦɧɭɸ ɩɥɚɬɭ ɨɬ ɞɪɟɜ- ɧɟɤɧɹɠɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ, ɧɢɱɬɨ ɧɟ ɩɨɦɨɠɟɬ: ɤɚɪɤɧɟɬ ɫɚɦɨ ɡɚ ɫɟɛɹ ɩɪɨɡɜɢɳɟ ɜɨ ɜɫɟ ɫɜɨɟ ɜɨɪɨɧɶɟ ɝɨɪɥɨ ɢ ɫɤɚɠɟɬ ɹɫɧɨ, ɨɬɤɭɞɚ ɜɵɥɟɬɟɥɚ ɩɬɢɰɚ. ɉɪɨɢɡɧɟɫɟɧɧɨɟ ɦɟɬɤɨ, ɜɫɟ ɪɚɜɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɩɢɫɚɧɧɨɟ, ɧɟ ɜɵɪɭɛɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɩɨɪɨɦ. Ⱥ ɭɠ ɤɭɞɵ ɛɵɜɚɟɬ ɦɟɬɤɨ ɜɫɟ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜɵɲɥɨ ɢɡ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ Ɋɭɫɢ, ɝɞɟ ɧɟɬ ɧɢ ɧɟɦɟɰɤɢɯ, ɧɢ ɱɭɯɨɧɫɤɢɯ, ɧɢ ɜɫɹɤɢɯ ɢɧɵɯ ɩɥɟɦɟɧ, ɚ ɜɫɺ ɫɚɦ-ɫɚɦɨɪɨɞɨɤ, ɠɢɜɨɣ ɢ ɛɨɣɤɢɣ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɭɦ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟ ɥɟɡɟɬ ɡɚ ɫɥɨɜɨɦ ɜ ɤɚɪɦɚɧ, ɧɟ ɜɵɫɢɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɟɝɨ, ɤɚɤ ɧɚɫɟɞɤɚ ɰɵɩɥɹɬ, ɚ ɜɥɟɩɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɪɚɡɭ, ɤɚɤ ɩɚɲɩɨɪɬ ɧɚ ɜɟɱɧɭɸ ɧɨɫɤɭ3.
2 ȼ.ȼ. ȼɟɪɟɫɚɟɜ, Ƚɨɝɨɥɶ ɜ ɠɢɡɧɢ: ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɜɨɞ ɩɨɞɥɢɧɧɵɯ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧ- ɧɢɤɨɜ, Ɇocɤɜa, Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɣ 1990, c. 413.
3 ɇ.ȼ. Ƚɨɝɨɥɶ, ɋɨɛɪɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɲɟɫɬɢ ɬɨɦɚɯ, ɬ. 5, Ɇocɤɜa, ȽɂɏɅ 1959, c. 113.
Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɞɢɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɦɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɪɨɞ- ɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɟ „ɪɚɡɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ” ɤɧɢɠɧɨɝɨ, ɛɥɚɝɨɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ, ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɫɚ (ɪɹɞɵ ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɱɥɟ- ɧɨɜ, ɦɧɨɝɨɫɨɸɡɢɟ, ɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɵ), ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɬɢɩɢɱɧɨ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɝɨ, ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɞɚɠɟ ɨɛɢɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ („ɫɥɨɜɰɨɦ”, „ɥɸɞɢɲɟɤ”, „ɤɭɞɵ”, „ɫɚɦ-ɫɚɦɨɪɨɞɨɤ”,
„ɜɥɟɩɥɢɜɚɟɬ”, „ɩɚɲɩɨɪɬ”) ɢ ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɤɪɵɥɚɬɵɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɧɟɪɟɞɤɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ („ɤɚɪɤɧɟɬ ɫɚɦɨ ɡɚ ɫɟɛɹ ɩɪɨɡɜɢɳɟ ɜɨ ɜɫɟ ɫɜɨɟ ɜɨɪɨɧɶɟ ɝɨɪɥɨ”, „ɩɢɫɚɧɧɨɟ ɧɟ ɜɵɪɭɛɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɩɨɪɨɦ”, „ɧɟ ɥɟɡɟɬ ɡɚ ɫɥɨɜɨɦ ɜ ɤɚɪɦɚɧ”, „ɧɟ ɜɵɫɢɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɟɝɨ, ɤɚɤ ɧɚɫɟɞɤɚ ɰɵɩɥɹɬ”, „ɩɨɣɞɟɬ ɨɧɨ ɟɦɭ ɜ ɪɨɞ ɢ ɩɨɬɨɦɫɬɜɨ”, „ɧɚ ɜɟɱɧɭɸ ɧɨɫɤɭ”).
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɚɛɡɚɰɚ ɝɥɚɜɵ („Ʉɚɤ ɧɟɫɦɟɬɧɨɟ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɰɟɪɤɜɟɣ […]
ɤɚɤ ɦɟɬɤɨ ɫɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ”4) ɜɵɹɜɥɹɟɬ ɭɠɟ ɧɚ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɟɝɨ ɬɨɪɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɢɩɨɞɧɹɬɨɫɬɶ, ɨɪɚɬɨɪɫɤɭɸ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ („ɧɟɫɦɟɬɧɨɟ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ”, „ɛɥɚɝɨɱɟɫɬɢɜɚɹ Ɋɭɫɶ”, „ɡɚɥɨɝ ɫɢɥ”, „ɞɚɪɵ Ȼɨɝɚ”, „ɬɜɨɪɹɳɢɟ ɫɩɨ- ɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɭɲɢ”, „ɫɟɪɞɰɟɜɟɞɟɧɶɟ”, „ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɠɢɡɧɢ”, „ɠɢɜɨɬɪɟɩɟɬɚɥɨ”), ɪɚɫ- ɲɢɪɹɸɳɭɸɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɚɡɜɨɪɚɱɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɚɛɡɚɰɟ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɭ ɜɨɫɯɨɞɹɳɟɣ ɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɸɬ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɥɨ- ɠɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɚɦɩɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ.
Ɍɚɤɨɟ ɠɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɫɬɧɨɟ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɦɵ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɨɩɢɫɚ- ɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɉɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɫɫɨɪɢɥɫɹ ɂɜɚɧ ɂɜɚɧɨɜɢɱ ɫ ɂɜɚ- ɧɨɦ ɇɢɤɢɮɨɪɨɜɢɱɟɦ. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ-ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɧɨɱɢ ɜ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɣ ɝɥɚɜɟ ɢ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɚɫɫɚɦɛɥɟɢ ɜ ɲɟɫɬɨɣ. ɗɬɢ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɦɵ ɩɨ ɬɨɣ ɭɠɟ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ, ɱɬɨ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɱɢɤ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɱɢ- ɬɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɤɚɤ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤ.
ɉɟɪɜɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ:
ɇɚɫɬɚɥɚ ɧɨɱɶ... Ɉ, ɟɫɥɢ ɛ ɹ ɛɵɥ ɠɢɜɨɩɢɫɟɰ […] ɇɨ ɜɪɹɞ ɥɢ ɛɵ ɹ ɦɨɝ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɶ ɂɜɚɧɚ ɂɜɚɧɨɜɢɱɚ, ɜɵɲɟɞɲɟɝɨ ɜ ɷɬɭ ɧɨɱɶ ɫ ɩɢɥɨɸ ɜ ɪɭɤɟ5
ɹɜɧɨ ɬɨɪɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɩɪɢɩɨɞɧɹɬɨ, ɢ ɩɨɹɜɢɜɲɢɣɫɹ ɛɵɥɨ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɧɚɦɟɤ ɧɚ ɢɪɨ- ɧɢɸ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɫɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɫɟɩɨɝɥɨɳɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɚɡɞɧɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɛɥɚɝɨɝɨɜɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɟ- ɪɟɞ ɱɭɞɧɵɦ ɦɢɪɨɦ. ɉɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɤ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɸ ɦɢɪɚ ɩɨɲɥɨɝɨ ɢ ɧɟɩɨɷɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɧɭɬ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɢɝɭɪɨɣ ɢ ɫɦɟɧɨɣ ɩɥɚɜɧɨ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɣ, ɪɢɬɦɢɱɧɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɣ ɫɥɭɠɟɛɧɵɯ ɫɥɨɜ. ɂɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɨ ɩɪɨɫɥɟɞɢɬɶ ɡɚ ɬɟɦ, ɤɚɤ ɛɥɟɫɬɹ- ɳɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ ɪɚɡɜɟɪɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ – „ɫɜɟɪ- ɯɭ ɜɧɢɡ”: ɨɬ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɦɢɪɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ, ɛɟɫɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɜɟɡɞ ɧɚ ɛɟɡɞɨɧɧɨɦ ɧɟɛɟ – ɤ ɫɩɹɳɟɦɭ ɝɨɪɨɞɭ ɫ ɛɟɥɵɦɢ ɞɨɦɚɦɢ ɢ ɬɟɦɧɵɦɢ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɹɦɢ – ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɜɧɭɬɪɶ ɨɞ- ɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɷɬɢɯ ɞɨɦɨɜ. ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɟɱɟɜɵɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɵ, ɜɵɞɟɥɢɦ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɢɡɦ ɫ ɢɡɥɸɛɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɝɨɝɨɥɟɜ- ɫɤɢɦ ɬɪɨɟɤɪɚɬɧɵɦ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɨɦ – ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ-ɚɧɚɮɨɪɨɣ „ɹ ɛɵ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɡɢɥ”.
4 Ibidem, ɫ. 114.
5 Ibidem, ɬ. 2, c. 213.
ɗɬɨ ɩɨɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɚɦ ɩɨɧɹɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨ ɫɭɬɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɨɬɪɵɜɨɤ, ɯɨɬɹ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ, ɬ.ɟ. ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɰɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɞɥɨ- ɠɟɧɢɟɦ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɵɦ ɧɚɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɟɦ ɢɧɬɨɧɚɰɢɢ ɨɬ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɤ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ – ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɣ ɩɚɭɡɨɣ, ɤ ɬɨɦɭ ɠɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧ- ɧɨɣ ɦɧɨɝɨɬɨɱɢɟɦ, ɢ ɪɟɡɤɢɦ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɨɧɚ ɫɨ ɫɥɨɜ „ɧɨ ɜɪɹɞ ɥɢ ɛɵ ɹ ɦɨɝ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɶ”. ɉɪɢɱɟɦ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨ- ɞɚ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦ, ɤɚɤ Ƚɨɝɨɥɶ ɩɨɞɜɨɞɢɬ ɧɚɫ ɤ ɚɩɨɞɨɡɢɫɭ – ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɧɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɭɸ ɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɸ: ɩɟɪɜɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɱɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɥɨɠ- ɧɨɩɨɞɱɢɧɟɧɧɵɦ ɫ ɞɟɜɹɬɶɸ ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɞɚɬɨɱɧɵɦɢ, ɜɬɨɪɨɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɭɠɟ ɞɜɚ ɩɪɢɞɚɬɨɱɧɵɯ, ɬɪɟɬɶɟ – ɨɞɧɨ. Ɂɚɦɵɤɚɸɳɟɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɩɪɟɞɵ- ɞɭɳɢɦɢ ɫɨɱɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɶɸ ɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɦ.
ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɟɪɧɭɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɜɢɞɟɬɶ, ɤɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɨɛɚɹ ɪɢɬɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɪɝɚ- ɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ: ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɹɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɟɬ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɬɶɫɹ ɫɨɸɡ „ɤɚɤ”, ɡɚɬɨ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɩɥɚɧ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɢɡɦ ɩɪɟɞɢɤɚɬɨɜ – „ɛɟɥɟɟ – ɬɟɦɧɟɟ – ɱɟɪɧɟɟ – ɞɭɲɢɫɬɟɟ”. Ɂɚɤɚɧɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɠɟ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɫɦɟɥɵɦ ɝɨɝɨɥɟɜɫɤɢɦ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɜɟɪɱɤɨɜ ɫ ɧɟɭɝɨɦɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɪɵɰɚɪɹɦɢ ɧɨɱɢ.
(Ɋɵɰɚɪɫɤɢɣ ɨɛɪɚɡ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɷɬɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɬɪɨɟɤɪɚɬɧɨ: „ɫ ɪɵɰɚɪ- ɫɤɨɣ ɛɟɫɫɬɪɚɲɧɨɫɬɢɸ” ɩɟɪɟɥɟɡɚɟɬ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɥɟɬɟɧɶ ɩɨɧɨɦɚɪɶ, ɚ ɱɟɪɧɨɛɪɨɜɨɣ ɝɨɪɨɠɚɧɤɟ ɫɧɹɬɫɹ ɲɩɨɪɵ – ɧɟɩɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬ ɪɵɰɚɪɹ. Ɂɚɦɟɬɢɦ ɤɫɬɚɬɢ, ɱɬɨ, ɯɨɬɹ ɮɢɝɭɪɚ ɩɨɧɨɦɚɪɹ ɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɟɥɟɩɨɣ, ɭɥɵɛɤɚ ɧɚ ɥɢɰɟ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɹ ɩɨɹɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɧɟ ɭɫɩɟɜɚɟɬ: ɟɝɨ ɜɥɟɱɟɬ ɡɚ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɢɥɚ ɝɨɝɨɥɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɪɢɡɦɚ.)
ɋɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɨɬɪɵɜɤɚ („Ƚɨɪɨɞɧɢɱɢɣ ɞɚɜɚɥ ɚɫɫɚɦɛɥɟɸ!
[…] Ʉɚɤɢɯ ɛɪɢɱɟɤ ɢ ɩɨɜɨɡɨɤ ɬɚɦ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ!”6) ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɶ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɢɥɹ Ƚɨɝɨɥɹ ɩɪɢɟɦɨɜ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɨɜ ɪɟɱɢ. Ʉɚɫɤɚɞ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɳɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɶ ɩɵɲɭɳɢɣ ɜɨɨɞɭɲɟɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɨɫɬɨɪɝ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɱɢɤɚ: ɜɨɫɤɥɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɢɦɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞ- ɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ, ɪɢɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɢ ɜɨɫɤɥɢɰɚɧɢɹ – ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɬ ɪɟɱɶ ɩɪɟɭɜɟ- ɥɢɱɟɧɧɨ ɪɚɫɬɹɧɭɬɚɹ, ɫ ɪɹɞɚɦɢ ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ, ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɧɰɢ- ɩɭ ɱɟɬɤɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɢɡɦɚ „ɨɞɧɚ – ɞɪɭɝɚɹ”, „ɢɧɚɹ – ɞɪɭɝɚɹ”, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɢɡ ɷɬɢɯ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯ ɩɚɪ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧ ɫɜɨɣ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ: „ɢ… ɢ”
– „ɧɢ… ɧɢ” – „ɩɨɯɨɠɚ ɧɚ… ɧɢ ɧɚ ɱɬɨ ɧɟ ɩɨɯɨɠɚ”. ɂɡɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɹɞɵ:
ɷɤɢɩɚɠɢ – ɩɪɢɝɥɚɲɟɧɧɵɟ – ɞɚɦɵ – ɧɚɪɹɞɵ – ɫɬɨɥ – ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɵ – ɪɚɡɛɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɢɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɜɨɫɤɥɢɰɚɧɢɹɦɢ: „Ʉɚɤɢɯ ɛɪɢɱɟɤ ɢ ɩɨɜɨɡɨɤ ɬɚɦ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ! – ɑɬɨ ɡɚ ɚɫɫɚɦɛɥɟɸ ɞɚɜɚɥ ɝɨɪɨɞɧɢɱɢɣ! – Ⱥ ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɞɚɦ! – ɋɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɱɟɩɰɨɜ, ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɥɚɬɶɟɜ! – Ⱥ ɤɚɤɨɣ ɞɥɢɧɧɵɣ ɫɬɨɥ ɛɵɥ ɜɵɬɹɧɭɬ! – Ⱥ ɤɚɤ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɢɥɨɫɶ ɜɫɟ, ɤɚɤɨɣ ɲɭɦ ɩɨɞɧɹɥɢ!”. ɂɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɫɬɢɥɹ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɪɚɬɧɨ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɟɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɨɫ- ɬɢ ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɹɞɨɜ: „ɋɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɱɟɩɰɨɜ! ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɥɚɬɶɟɜ! ɤɪɚɫɧɵɯ, ɠɟɥɬɵɯ, ɤɨɮɟɣɧɵɯ, ɡɟɥɟɧɵɯ, ɫɢɧɢɯ, ɧɨɜɵɯ, ɩɟɪɟɥɢɰɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ, ɩɟɪɟɤɪɨɟɧɧɵɯ; ɩɥɚɬɤɨɜ,
6 Ibidem, ɫ. 233.
ɥɟɧɬ, ɪɢɞɢɤɭɥɟɣ!” ɫ ɹɜɧɵɦ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ, ɡɟɜɝɦɨɣ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ- ɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ Ƚɨɝɨɥɹ ɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɢɝɭɪɨɣ. ɋɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ, ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭ Ƚɨɝɨɥɹ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚ- ɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɨɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ, ɡɞɟɫɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɪɚɬɧɨ, ɧɨ ɟɳɟ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨ:
„ɩɨɯɨɠɚ ɧɚ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɭɸ ɤɨɩɧɭ ɫɟɧɚ” – „ɩɨɯɨɠɚ ɧɚ ɫɤɟɥɟɬ, ɟɳɟ ɧɟ ɫɨɜɫɟɦ ɨɫɜɨɛɨ- ɞɢɜɲɢɣɫɹ ɨɬ ɤɨɠɢ” – „ɛɵɥɚ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɚɹ ɬɪɭɛɤɚ ɫ ɱɭɛɭɤɨɦ” – „ɩɨɞɨɛɢɟ ɤɚɪɟ- ɬɵ ɫ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɧɵɦ ɫɜɟɬɨɦ” – „ɬɨɥɫɬɵɯ, ɤɚɤ ɂɜɚɧ ɇɢɤɢɮɨɪɨɜɢɱ” – „ɬɚɤɢɯ ɬɨɧɤɢɯ, ɱɬɨ, ɤɚɡɚɥɨɫɶ, ɤɚɠɞɭɸ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɭɩɪɹɬɚɬɶ ɜ ɲɩɚɠɧɵɟ ɧɨɠɧɵ ɝɨɪɨɞɧɢɱɟɝɨ”
– „Ʉɭɞɚ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɦɟɥɶɧɢɰɚ ɫɨ ɜɫɟɦɢ ɫɜɨɢɦɢ ɠɟɪɧɨɜɚɦɢ, ɤɨɥɟɫɚɦɢ, ɲɟɫ- ɬɟɪɧɟɣ, ɫɬɭɩɚɦɢ!”, ɱɬɨ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ, ɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɨɫɥɟɞɢɬɶ ɬɟɩɟɪɶ ɭɠɟ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɭɪɨɜ- ɧɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɚ ɜɨɫɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɟɪɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɭ Ƚɨɝɨɥɹ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɹ ɞɟɜɹɬɭɸ ɝɥɚɜɭ Ɇɟɪɬɜɵɯ ɞɭɲ, ɦɵ ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɢɦɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɵɹɜɥɟ- ɧɢɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɡɵ Ƚɨɝɨɥɹ ɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɵɯ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ, ɬɪɨ- ɩɨɜ ɢ ɮɢɝɭɪ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɢɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɬɨɝɨ, ɤɚɤɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɜ ɝɨɝɨɥɟɜɫɤɨɦ ɫɬɢɥɟ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɩɪɢɟɦɵ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟ- ɧɢɢ ɨɬ ɪɟɱɟɜɨɣ ɧɨɪɦɵ.
ȼ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɝɢɩɟɪɛɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɤɪɚɫɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɜɟɫ- ɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɫɬɪɵɦ ɰɜɟɬɨɜɵɦ ɪɚɤɭɪɫɨɦ – „ɨɪɚɧɠɟɜɵɣ – ɝɨɥɭɛɨɣ – ɤɥɟɬɱɚɬɵɣ – ɡɨɥɨɬɨɣ”. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɨɞɧɨ ɡɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɬ ɧɚɧɢɡɵ- ɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɧɟɬɨɪɨɩɥɢɜɨ ɪɚɡɜɨɪɚɱɢɜɚɸɳɟɟɫɹ ɩɨɜɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɨɬ ɧɨɪɦɵ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɵ ɪɟɱɢ: „ɥɚɤɟɣ… ɡɚɯɥɨɩɧɭɥ ɞɚɦɭ ɞɜɟɪɰɚɦɢ, ɡɚɤɢɞɚɥ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɶɤɚɦɢ”, „ɞɚɦɚ… ɨɱɭɬɢɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɩɥɚɬɶɟ ɦɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɭɡɨɪɚ ɢ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɢ ɜ ɞɥɢɧɧɵɯ ɯɜɨɫɬɚɯ ɧɚ ɲɟɟ”, „ɫɨɛɚɱɨɧɤɢ… ɛɵɥɢ ɯɥɨɩɧɭɬɵ ɩɥɚɬɤɨɦ” ɢ ɞɪ.
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɭɮɮɢɤɫɨɜ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɛɟɫɟɞɵ „ɞɚɦɵ ɩɪɢɹɬɧɨɣ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟ- ɧɢɹɯ” ɢ „ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɩɪɢɹɬɧɨɣ ɞɚɦɵ” ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɜɢɞɟɬɶ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɧɚɤɚɩɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫɭɮ- ɮɢɤɫɚɦɢ („ɛɚɪɟɥɶɟɮɱɢɤɚɦɢ”, „ɞɟɪɟɜɰɚ”, „ɫɨɛɚɱɨɧɤɢ”, „ɤɨɛɟɥɶɤɚ”, „ɦɚɦɟɧɶ- ɤɢ”, „ɲɢɪɦɨɱɤɚɦɢ”, „ɭɝɨɥɨɱɟɤ” ɢ ɬ.ɞ.), ɞɨɯɨɞɹ ɜ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɟ ɨ ɮɟɫɬɨɧɱɢɤɚɯ ɞɨ ɤɭɥɶɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ: ɧɚ 24 ɡɧɚɦɟɧɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɚ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ 10 „ɮɟɫɬɨɧ- ɱɢɤɨɜ” (42%). ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɟ, ɪɚɡɜɟɪɧɭɬɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɚ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɢɡ 13 ɫɥɨɜ, ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ 7 „ɮɟɫɬɨɧɱɢɤɨɜ” (54%) ɞɚ ɟɳɟ „ɩɟɥɟɪɢɧɤɭ”
ɢ „ɷɩɨɥɟɬɰɵ” (ɢɬɨɝɨ – 69%). Ⱦɢɚɥɨɝ, ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɚɜɬɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ, ɪɚɡɭɦɟɟɬɫɹ, ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɟ ɜɥɟɱɶ ɡɚ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɚɥɥɢɬɟɪɚɰɢɸ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɜɭɤɨɜ /ɮ/ ɢ /ɱ/.
Ɍɚɜɬɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɟɦɨɦ ɢ ɩɪɢɡɜɚɧɚ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɧɭɬɶ ɬɪɚɮɚɪɟɬɧɨɫɬɶ, ɛɟɡɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɟɣ; ɨɞɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɫɥɨ- ɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ – ɨɞɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɥɢɰ, ɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɤɚɡɭɟɦɨɫɬɶ, ɧɟɫɩɨɫɨɛ- ɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɉɞɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɩɪɨɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɞɟ- ɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫɭɮɮɢɤɫɚɦɢ: ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ ɷɬɨ ɫɥɨɜɨ „ɬɨɧɟɧɶɤɢɟ” – „ɬɨɧɟɧɶɤɢɟ ɞɟɪɟɜɰɚ” ɢ ɞɜɚɠɞɵ „ɉɨɩɭɪɢ ɧɚ ɬɨɧɟɧɶɤɢɯ
ɧɨɠɤɚɯ”; ɡɚɬɟɦ ɞɜɚ ɪɚɡɚ ɜ ɫɨɫɟɞɧɢɯ ɪɟɩɥɢɤɚɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɨ ɫɥɨɜɨ „ɜɟɫɟ- ɥɟɧɶɤɢɣ”, ɚ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɣ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ, ɫɚɦɨɣ ɪɚɡɜɟɪɧɭɬɨɣ – ɫɥɨɠɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
„ɭɡɟɧɶɤɢɟ-ɭɡɟɧɶɤɢɟ”, ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɬɪɨɹɳɟɟɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɭɛɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɞɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɞɨ ɝ ɟ ɦ ɢ ɧ ɚ ɰ ɢ ɢ (ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɨɜɚ, ɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɢ ɢɥɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɡɚ) – „ɜɫɺ ɝɥɚɡɤɢ ɢ ɥɚɩ- ɤɢ, ɝɥɚɡɤɢ ɢ ɥɚɩɤɢ, ɝɥɚɡɤɢ ɢ ɥɚɩɤɢ… ɋɥɨɜɨɦ, ɛɟɫɩɨɞɨɛɧɨ!”. ɋɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɱɭɜɫ- ɬɜɚ „ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɩɪɢɹɬɧɨɣ ɞɚɦɵ”, ɤɚɤ ɦɵ ɜɢɞɢɦ, ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɜɵ- ɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ – ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɚ. ɉɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɦ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɞɢɬɶ ɬɚɤɭɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɢɝɭɪɵ ɜ ɪɟɱɢ ɬɟɩɟɪɶ ɭɠɟ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɞɚɦɵ. Ɉɧɚ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɟɟ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɧɟɝɨɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ: „ɜ ɝɥɚɡɚ ɫɤɚɠɭ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧ ɧɟɝɨɞɧɵɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ, ɧɟɝɨɞɧɵɣ, ɧɟɝɨɞɧɵɣ, ɧɟɝɨɞɧɵɣ” ɢ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧ- ɧɨ ɧɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɪɟɩɥɢɤɟ: „Ɋɚɫɩɭɫɬɢɥɢ ɫɥɭɯɢ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧ ɯɨɪɨɲ, ɚ ɨɧ ɫɨɜɫɟɦ ɧɟ ɯɨɪɨɲ, ɫɨɜɫɟɦ ɧɟ ɯɨɪɨɲ, ɢ ɧɨɫ ɭ ɧɟɝɨ… ɫɚɦɵɣ ɧɟɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɣ ɧɨɫ”.
ɋɥɟɞɭɸɳɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɚ ɞɜɭɯ ɞɚɦ ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ „ɫɦɟɲɟ- ɧɢɟ ɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɫɤɨɝɨ ɫ ɧɢɠɟɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɢɦ” – ɫɨɫɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɫɥɨɜ ɹɜɧɨ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɧɵɯ, ɱɚɫɬɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɪɟɱɧɵɯ, ɢ ɦɚɤɚɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɤɪɚɩɥɟɧɢɣ. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜɵɩɹɱɟɧɵ Ƚɨɝɨɥɟɦ, ɛɪɨɫɤɢ ɢ ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɜɞɜɨɣɧɟ ɫɦɟɲɧɵ: „ɛɟɥɶ-ɮɚɦ” – ɩɵɲɧɚɹ ɠɟɧɳɢɧɚ;
„ɫɤɨɧɚɩɟɥɶ ɢɫɬɨɚɪ” – ɱɬɨ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ; „ɫɤɚɧɞɚɥɶɨɡɭ”; „ɫɤɚɧɞɚɥɶɨɡ- ɧɨɫɬɟɣ”; „ɩɚɫɫɚɠ”; „ɤɨɦɟɪɚɠɢ” – ɫɩɥɟɬɧɢ. ȿɫɬɶ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɧɢɯ ɢ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɨɣ ɤɨɧ- ɬɚɤɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɜɬɨɪ – „ɨɪɪɺɪ, ɨɪɪɺɪ, ɨɪɪɺɪ!..” – ɭɠɚɫ.
ɉɨɜɬɨɪɵ ɜ ɪɟɱɢ ɤɚɤ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɟɣ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɵ ɨɞɧɢɯ ɢ ɬɟɯ ɠɟ ɫɥɨɜ ɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ, ɢ ɬɚɤ ɭɠɟ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɟɣ, ɚ ɬɭɬ ɟɳɟ ɢ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɧɵɯ (ɤ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɭ, „ɛɥɟɞɧɚɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɦɟɪɬɶ” ɩɨɜɬɨɪɟɧɨ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɪɚɡɚ, ɚ „ɩɟɪɟɬɪɟɜɨɠɢɥɚɫɶ” ɞɟɜɹɬɶ: ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɪɚɡɚ ɜ ɪɟɱɢ ɞɚɦɵ ɢ ɟɳɟ ɩɹɬɶ ɪɚɡ ɜ ɪɟɱɢ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ), ɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɬ ɜɵɣɬɢ ɤ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɟ ɟɳɟ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɝɨɝɨ- ɥɟɜɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɫɬɢ – ɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɢ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ, ɤɚɤ ɜ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɹɹ ɢɡ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚ ɝɪɭɩɩ: „ɉɪɢɹɬɧɚɹ ɞɚɦɚ, ɭɫ- ɥɵɲɚɜ ɷɬɨ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɨɤɚɦɟɧɟɥɚ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ, ɩɨɛɥɟɞɧɟɥɚ, ɩɨɛɥɟɞɧɟɥɚ, ɤɚɤ ɫɦɟɪɬɶ, ɢ, ɬɨɱɧɨ, ɩɟɪɟɬɪɟɜɨɠɢɥɚɫɶ ɧɟ ɧɚ ɲɭɬɤɭ” cɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɦ ɫ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ, ɩɨɞ- ɜɨɞɹɳɢɦ ɤ ɤɭɥɶɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ – ɪɚɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɸ ɫɥɭɯɨɜ: „ɗɬɨ, ɜɵɯɨɞɢɬ, ɩɪɨɫɬɨ: Ⱥɧ- ɞɪɨɧɵ ɟɞɭɬ, ɱɟɩɭɯɚ, ɛɟɥɢɛɟɪɞɚ, ɫɚɩɨɝɢ ɜɫɦɹɬɤɭ! ɷɬɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɱɟɪɬ ɩɨɛɟɪɢ!”.
Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɭɠɟ ɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɹ ɩɹɬɢɱɥɟɧɧɚɹ, ɧɨ ɢ ɷɬɨ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɟɥ: ɡɚ ɧɟɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɰɟ- ɥɵɣ ɪɚɡɜɨɪɨɬ („Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɯɨɪɶ ɜɡɦɟɬɧɭɥɫɹ ɞɨɬɨɥɟ, ɤɚɡɚɥɨɫɶ, ɞɪɟɦɚɜɲɢɣ ɝɨɪɨɞ!
[…] ɢ ɡɚɜɚɪɢɥɚɫɶ ɤɚɲɚ”), ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɹ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɭɠɟ ɧɟ ɫɥɨ- ɜɚɦɢ ɢ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹɦɢ, ɚ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɨɧɚ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɫɹ ɢ ɩ ɚ ɪ ɰ ɟ ɥ ɥ ɹ ɰ ɢ ɟ ɣ, ɢ ɚɧɚɩɨɞɨɬɨɧɨɦ, ɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɫɨɸɡɢɟɦ. ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɹ, ɜ ɱɚɫ- ɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɚɧɚɩɨɞɨɬɨɧ (ɪɚɫɱɥɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɫɬɚɜɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤ- ɰɢɟɣ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ), ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɦ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɢ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɨɛɳɢɟ ɱɟɪɬɵ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɜɫɬɚɜɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɟɪɧɭɬɨɝɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨ- ɪɨɟ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɨ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɜ ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɟɦ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ: „ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɦɢɧɭɬɭ” – „ɬɚɤɨɜɨ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɦɢɧɭɬɭ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ”, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɫ ɢɧɜɟɪɫɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɦɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ.
ɉɪɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɤɭɥɶɦɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɝɥɚɜɵ ɩɪɨɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ- ɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ Ƚɨɝɨɥɹ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, „ɫɤɚɧɢɪɭɹ” ɬɟɤɫɬ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɫɨ- ɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ- ɢ ɛɥɚɝɨɡɜɭɱɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɢ ɧɢɡɤɨɣ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɢ, ɩɪɨɫɬɨ- ɪɟɱɧɵɯ, ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɬɢɩɢɱɧɨ ɤɧɢɠɧɵɯ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ, ɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɧɢɠɧɨ-ɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɯ ɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɵɯ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ, ɯɚɪɚɤ- ɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɜ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɟɞ- ɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɭ Ƚɨɝɨɥɹ ɨɩɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɩɚɪɭ – ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɣ ɢ ɤɧɢɠɧɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɞɚɧɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɧɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭ- ɟɬɫɹ ɞɢɚɥɨɝ, ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɝɥɚɜɵ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ.
Ɋɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɜ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɹɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɨɬ ɧɟɣ- ɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɟɬ- ɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɹ: „ɩɨɲɥɚ ɝɭɥɹɬɶ ɩɨ ɫɜɟɬɭ”; „ɧɚɲɚ ɛɪɚɬɶɹ”; „ɩɨɞɴɟɡɠɚɟɬ ɩɨɞɥɟɰɨɦ”; „ɫɛɢɥɢ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɫ ɬɨɥɤɭ”; „ɜɵɩɭɱɢɜ ɝɥɚɡɚ”; „ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɥ- ɫɹ, ɤɚɤ ɛɚɪɚɧ”; „ɧɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɬɭɦɚɧɚ ɜ ɝɥɚɡɚ”; „Ⱥɧɞɪɨɧɵ ɟɞɭɬ”; „ɫɚɩɨ- ɝɢ ɜɫɦɹɬɤɭ”; „ɱɬɨ ɡɚ ɩɪɢɬɱɚ”; „ɫɜɚɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɜɢɧɭ”; „ɛɚɛɚ ɱɬɨ ɦɟɲɨɤ: ɱɬɨ ɩɨ- ɥɨɠɚɬ, ɬɨ ɧɟɫɟɬ”; „ɧɚ ɪɭɫɫɤɭɸ ɧɨɝɭ”; „ɭɯɨɞɢɥɢ ɧɚɫɦɟɪɬɶ”; „ɛɥɭɞɥɢɜ, ɤɚɤ ɤɨɲɤɚ”; „ɞɟɥɨ ɨɛɞɟɥɚɧɨ”; „ɩɨɬɟɪɩɟɬɶ ɩɨ ɫɥɭɠɛɟ ɡɚ ɩɪɚɜɞɭ”; „ɧɟ ɩɪɢɛɟɪɟɬ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɜ ɝɨɥɨɜɭ”; „ɜ ɧɨɫɭ ɭ ɧɟɝɨ ɫɢɞɢɬ ɝɭɫɚɪ”; „ɜɫɤɢɩɹɬɢɬɶ ɧɟ ɧɚ ɠɢɡɧɶ, ɚ ɧɚ ɫɚ- ɦɭɸ ɫɦɟɪɬɶ”; „ɱɟɪɬ ɩɨɛɟɪɢ”; „ɨɛɪɭɝɚɬɶ ɛɚɛɚɦɢ ɢ ɸɛɤɚɦɢ”; „ɡɚɜɚɪɢɬɶ ɤɚɲɭ”;
„ɡɚɞɚɜɲɢɦɢ ɩɢɪɭɲɤɭ”; „ɩɨɞ ɦɢɤɢɬɤɢ”; „ɧɟ ɩɪɢɛɟɪɟɬ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɜ ɝɨɥɨɜɭ”, ɩɪɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɥɭɱɲɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɢ (ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ, ɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɨɜ, ɷɬɢɦɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ, ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪɚ Ⱦɚɥɹ), ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɨɜ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɜɚɪɶɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ.
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɭɹ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɬɢɩɢɱɧɨ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ („ɰɢɬɭɟɬ”,
„ɩɨɡɚɛɵɜɚɟɬ”, „ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɞɭɪɟɧɢɹ”, „ɪɚɫɯɥɟɛɤɚ”, „ɡɚɬɨɪɱɚɥ”, „ɝɭɛɟɪɧɚɬɨɪɲɚ”,
„ɫɞɟɥɚɜɲɢ”, „ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɶ”, „ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɧɭɥɢɫɶ”, „ɩɚɲɩɨɪɬɨɜ”, „ɩɪɨɬɨɩɨɩɲɚ”,
„ɩɨɩɪɢɦɪɭɬ”, „ɩɪɢɛɟɝɧɭɥɢ”, „ɩɪɢɥɢɩɱɢɜɟɟ”, „ɮɢɡɢɨɝɧɨɦɢɹ”) ɢ ɫɥɨɜɚ („ɞɨɤɚ”,
„ɜɩɪɨɫɨɧɤɚɯ”, „ɡɚɝɨɝɭɥɢɧɵ”, „ɞɭɪɚɤ”, „ɱɟɩɭɯɚ”, „ɛɟɥɢɛɟɪɞɚ”, „ɬɸɪɸɤ”, „ɛɚɣ- ɛɚɤ”, „ɩɪɢɬɤɧɭɬɶ”, „ɡɚɯɪɚɩɵ”, „ɬɨɥɤɨɜɧɹ”, „ɪɚɫɩɟɤɚɧɶɹ”, „ɧɚɞɭɬɶ”, „ɫɚɞɤɚ”), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɤɤɚɡɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɬɢɩɭ ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɪɚɡ- ɝɨɜɨɪɧɵɯ („ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬ ɪɵɫɶ”, „ɞɪɟɛɟɡɠɚɥɤɚ”, „ɤɨɥɟɫɨɫɜɢɫɬɤɚ”, „ɜɡɛɭɬɟɬɟɧɢ- ɜɚɧɶɹ”), ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɦ ɫɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɦɧɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɯ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɤɚɤ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɱɟɜɨɣ ɚɫɩɟɤɬ ɯɚ- ɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ ɩɨɜɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ.
ɋ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ Ƚɨɝɨɥɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɬɢɩ ɩɨɜɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɟ- ɥɹ-ɫɤɚɡɢɬɟɥɹ, ɱɟɣ ɞɨɜɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ, „ɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɣ”, „ɫɜɨɣɫɤɢɣ” ɝɨɜɨɪɨɤ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɚ ɛɥɢɡɤɢɦ, ɤɚɫɚɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ, ɚ ɧɟ ɡɚɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɚɥɟɤɢɦ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ Ƚɨɝɨɥɶ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ, ɫɨɩɪɢɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɪɚɡ- ɜɢɜɚɹ ɭɠɟ ɫɜɨɢɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɬɨɬ ɩɪɢɟɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɛɵɥ ɝɟɧɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧ ɉɭɲɤɢɧɵɦ ɜ ɉɨɜɟɫɬɹɯ Ȼɟɥɤɢɧɚ. ɋ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶ- ɧɨ ɫ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɵɦɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɬɢɩɢɱɧɨ ɤɧɢɠɧɵɯ ɫɥɨɜ ɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɞɟɥɨɜɨɝɨ
ɢ ɩɭɛɥɢɰɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ, ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɞɚɠɟ ɫ ɩɪɟɬɟɧɡɢɟɣ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɯɭɞɨ- ɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɵɫɥɢ („ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɢɸ ɧɚɫɱɟɬ ɪɭɤɢ ɞɨɱɟɪɢ”,
„ɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɜɡɹɬɨ ɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɯ ɦɟɪ”, „ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɚɹ ɛɟɫɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɦɧɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɜɟɱɧɨɣ ɛɨɹɡɧɢ”, „ɧɟɠɧɨɟ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɫɟɪɞɰɚ” ɢ ɞɪ.), ɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟ- ɥɢɬɶ ɫɨɫɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢɥɟɜɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɤɚɤ ɛɥɟɫɬɹɳɢɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɢɪɨ- ɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɗɬɨ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɭ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɱɢɤɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɣ, ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɶ ɜ ɧɟɦ ɧɟ „ɩɪɨɫɬɚɱɤɚ”, ɚ ɦɭɞɪɨɝɨ, ɩɪɟɤɪɚɫɧɨ ɪɚɡ- ɛɢɪɚɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɜ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɟɥɹ, ɞɚɠɟ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɚ.
ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ (ɫɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɚɛɡɚɰɚ) ɬɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɝɥɚɜɵ, ɝɞɟ ɡɚ- ɤɚɧɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɢɚɥɨɝ ɞɜɭɯ ɞɚɦ ɢ ɜ ɩɨɥɧɵɟ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɜɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɱɢɤ, ɨɧ ɩɪɟɞ- ɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ „ɭɦɧɵɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ”, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɞɚɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɨɬ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ, ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɢ ɫɟɛɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɹ ɤ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɥɸɞɟɣ:
ɇɚɲɚ ɛɪɚɬɶɹ, ɧɚɪɨɞ ɭɦɧɵɣ, ɤɚɤ ɦɵ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦ ɫɟɛɹ, ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ, ɢ ɞɨɤɚ- ɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɫɥɭɠɚɬ ɧɚɲɢ ɭɱɟɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ. ɋɩɟɪɜɚ ɭɱɟɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɴɟɡɠɚɟɬ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɧɟɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɨɞɥɟɰɨɦ7.
ɋɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɢɪɨɧɢɢ (ɫɚɦɨɢɪɨɧɢɢ) ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɨɬɪɵɜɤɟ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɧɭɬɚ ɥɸɛɢɦɵɦ ɝɨɝɨɥɟɜɫɤɢɦ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɨɦ – ɝ ɪ ɚ ɞ ɚ ɰ ɢ ɟ ɣ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɢ ɫ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɩɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ. ȼ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɠɟ ɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɮɢɝɭɪɚ ɬɪɢɠɞɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɜ ɚɛɡɚɰɟ ɢ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɫɚɦɚ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɟɣ: ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɷɬɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɢ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ, ɡɚ- ɬɟɦ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɜ ɢɬɨɝɟ – ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɪɚɡɜɟɪɧɭɬɵɣ ɩɚɫɫɚɠ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɣ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɜɫɟ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɵ ɪɟɱɢ. Ɂɟɪɤɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɧɭɬɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ („ɧɚɱɢ- ɧɚɟɬ ɪɨɛɤɨ, ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɨ, ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɫɦɢɪɟɧɧɵɦ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɨɦ” – „ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬ ɪɵɫɶ”, „ɛɨɞɪɢɬɫɹ”, „ɪɚɡɝɨɜɚɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɬɨ” ɢ ɞɪ.), ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɢ ɨɬɜɟɬɨɜ („ɧɟ ɨɬɬɭɞɚ ɥɢ? ɧɟ ɢɡ ɬɨɝɨ ɥɢ ɭɝɥɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɚ ɢɦɹ ɬɚɤɚɹ-ɬɨ ɫɬɪɚɧɚ?”
– „ɬɚɤ ɷɬɨ ɜɨɬ ɤɚɤ ɛɵɥɨ, ɬɚɤ ɜɨɬ ɤɚɤɨɣ ɧɚɪɨɞ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɪɚɡɭɦɟɬɶ, ɬɚɤ ɜɨɬ ɫ ɤɚɤɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ!”). Ɂɞɟɫɶ, ɤɚɤ ɦɵ ɜɢɞɢɦ, ɩɨɦɢɦɨ ɚɧɚɮɨɪɵ, ɩɪɟɤɪɚɫɧɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɢɧɬɨɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜɨɩ- ɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɡɧɚɤɚɦ, ɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɸɳɢɦ ɪɨɛɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɧɟɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜɨɫɤɥɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ – ɩɟɪɟɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɧɟ ɫɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɞɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɹ, ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚ- ɞɨɫɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɫɬɜɚ. ɉɨɬɨɦɭ ɢɪɨɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟ- ɧɢɹ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɪɟɥɶɟɮɧɚ: ɨɧɚ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɦ ɪɚɡɜɨɪɨɬɨɦ ɢ ɭɜɟɥɢ- ɱɟɧɚ ɛɥɟɫɬɹɳɢɦ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟɦ ɤɧɢɠɧɵɯ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ, ɞɚɠɟ ɩɚɮɨɫɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɚɦɢ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ: „ɜɨ ɜɫɟɭɫɥɵɲɚɧɶɟ”, „ɩɨɲɥɚ ɝɭɥɹɬɶ ɩɨ ɫɜɟɬɭ”, „ɧɚɛɢɪɚɹ ɫɟɛɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɩɨɤɥɨɧɧɢɤɨɜ”.
ɉɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɦ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɣ ɢ ɤɧɢɠɧɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɫɚ, ɞɥɹ ɱɟɝɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɦ ɬɢɩɢɱɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɢɡ ɫɮɟɪ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨ- ɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɵ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɹ ɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɞɚɜɚɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧ- ɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ.
7 Ibidem, ɬ. 5, c. 196.
Ɉɛɪɚɳɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɫɟɛɹ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ, ɪɚɡɜɟɪɧɭɬɨɫɬɶ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɨɛɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɪɚɡɜɟɪ- ɧɭɬɨɝɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ – ɷɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɹɹ ɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɮɢɝɭɪɚ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫ- ɤɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɪɨɥɶ ɦɢɤɪɨɬɟɤɫɬɚ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɜɡɹɬɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɫ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ, ɱɬɨ ɭɠɟ ɡɚɫɥɨ- ɧɹɸɬ ɟɝɨ ɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɫɚɦɨɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɦɢ. ɗɬɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɨɝɨɥɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɪɚ – ɜɫɟɨɛɴɟɦɥɟɦɨɫɬɶ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɨ- ɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚ, ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɲɬɪɢɯɚ, ɞɟɬɚɥɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ ɦɢɪɚ.
Ɍɚɤɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ ɞɚɠɟ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɬɪɟɡɤɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɦɧɨɝɨ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɚɹ ɞɥɹ ɧɢɯ ɚ ɦ ɩ ɥ ɢ ɮ ɢ ɤ ɚ ɰ ɢ ɹ (ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɹ) ɫɬɚɜɢɬ ɢɯ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɪɹɞ ɩɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɢɯ ɫɨ- ɫɬɚɜ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɟɦɨɜ ɢ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ. ɉɪɨ- ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɜɵɲɟ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɨ „ɧɚɲɟɣ ɛɪɚɬɶɟ” ɦɵ ɢ ɛɭɞɟɦ ɬɪɚɤ- ɬɨɜɚɬɶ ɥɢɛɨ ɤɚɤ ɨɬɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ (ɞ ɢ ɝ ɪ ɟ ɫ ɫ ɢ ɸ, ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɵ), ɥɢɛɨ ɤɚɤ ɪɚɡɜɟɪɧɭɬɨɟ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ, ɬɟɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɬɨ ɨɧɨ ɢ ɜɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚ- ɧɢɟɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ – „ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ”. Ⱥ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ ɷɩɢɱɟɫ- ɤɨɟ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ – ɨɲɟɥɨɦɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɨ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɜ ɧɨɫ ɡɚɫɭɧɭɥɢ ɝɭɫɚɪɚ, – ɤɚɤ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɥɭɱɲɟ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɡɢɫ: ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɪɚɡɜɟɪɬɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ – ɷɬɨ ɨɞɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɢɡ 90 ɫɥɨɜ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ 30% ɨɬ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɫɥɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ.
ɉɪɢɱɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɞɢɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɦɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ. ɋ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ – „ɛɭɦɚɠɤɚ”, „ɧɨɫ”, „ɬɚɛɚɤ”, „ɫɨɧ- ɧɵɣ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤ”, ɜɫɤɚɤɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ, „ɤɚɤ ɞɭɪɚɤ, ɜɵɩɭɱɢɜ ɝɥɚɡɚ”, „ɫɦɟɯ ɬɨɜɚɪɢ- ɳɟɣ”, ɚ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ – „ɨɡɚɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɥɭɱɨɦ ɫɨɥɧɰɚ ɫɬɟɧɵ”, „ɩɪɨɫɧɭɜɲɟɟɫɹ ɭɬɪɨ”,
„ɡɜɭɱɚɳɢɟ ɩɬɢɱɶɢ ɝɨɥɨɫɚ”, „ɨɫɜɟɬɢɜɲɚɹɫɹ ɪɟɱɤɚ”, „ɩɪɨɩɚɞɚɸɳɚɹ ɛɥɟɳɭɳɢɦɢ ɡɚɝɨɝɭɥɢɧɚɦɢ”.
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɭɸ ɪɚɡɜɟɪɧɭɬɭɸ ɮɢɝɭɪɭ: „ɑɬɨ ɠ ɡɚ ɩɪɢɬɱɚ, ɜ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɞɟɥɟ, ɱɬɨ ɡɚ ɩɪɢɬɱɚ ɷɬɢ ɦɟɪɬɜɵɟ ɞɭɲɢ?”, ɜɵɞɟɥɢɦ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɨ-ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɢɡɦ, ɚɧɚɮɨɪɵ, ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɢ ɪɢɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ, ɜɨɩɪɨɫɧɨ-ɨɬɜɟɬ- ɧɵɣ ɯɨɞ, ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɹɞɵ, ɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɸ, ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɸ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɩɨɜ- ɬɨɪɨɜ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɦ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢ ɧɚ ɬɨ, ɤɚɤɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɢɝɪɚɸɬ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɡɧɚɤɢ ɩɪɟɩɢɧɚɧɢɹ (ɧɚ 21 ɫɬɪɨɤɭ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ 12 ɜɨɩɪɨɫɢ- ɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɤɨɜ), ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ („ɠɟ/ɠ” ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ 10 ɪɚɡ), ɚ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɤɪɚɬɧɨ ɩɨɜɬɨ- ɪɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ „ɦɟɪɬɜɵɟ ɞɭɲɢ” ɜ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɢ ɫ ɷɬɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɟɣ ɩɨɧɟɜɨɥɟ ɡɚɞɚɸɬ ɱɟɬ- ɤɭɸ ɚɥɥɢɬɟɪɚɰɢɸ – ɩɨɜɬɨɪ ɲɢɩɹɳɢɯ „ɠ” ɢ „ɲ”, ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɟɬɫɹ
„ɱ”, ɢ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɬɪɟɡɤɟ (ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜ 190 ɫɥɨɜɚɯ) ɲɢɩɹɳɢɟ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɵ 48 ɪɚɡ, ɬ.ɟ. ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɨɦ ɫɥɨɜɟ.
ɂɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɥɭɠɟɛɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɪɟɱɢ, ɹɜɧɚɹ ɪɚɡɨɪɜɚɧ- ɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɨɜ, ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɬɢɩɢɱɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɚ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ – ɜɫɟ ɷɬɨ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɢɦɢɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɦɧɨɝɨɝɨɥɨɫɢɟ ɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɣ, ɤ ɬɨɦɭ ɠɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɸɳɟɟɫɹ ɪɚɫɬɟ- ɪɹɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɧɟɞɨɭɦɟɧɢɟɦ, ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɯ,
ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɜɫɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɨ, ɬɨɱɧɨ ɢ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɢɦɨ, ɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɹɳɟɟ ɡɚ ɷɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ – ɧɟɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɚɸɳɟ. ȼɫɟ ɷɬɨ ɭɞɢɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɬɨɱɧɨ ɤɨ- ɩɢɪɭɟɬ ɩɨɜɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ, ɬɟɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɬɨ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɬɨɥɤɢ, ɫɥɭɯɢ, ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɵ ɬɟɩɟɪɶ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɜɫɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɝɥɚɜɵ, ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɪɚɡɜɨɪɚɱɢɜɚɹɫɶ, ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɹɫɶ, ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɞɨɯɨɞɹ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɞɨ ɦɨɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣ, ɞɨɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟ- ɪɢɫɬɢɤɨɣ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɩɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ, ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɨɛɡɨɪɨɦ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɞɟɥ ɜ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɜ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚ- ɸɳɭɸɫɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ, ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɧɭɸ ɜ Ɋɟɜɢɡɨɪɟ. Ⱥ ɞɭɯ „ɢɧɤɨɝɧɢɬɨ ɩɪɨɤɥɹɬɨɝɨ”
ɩɪɨɧɢɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɝɨɝɨɥɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ.
Ɋɚɡɜɟɪɬɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɛɡɚɰɚ (ɨɧ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɬɪɢ ɫ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ, ɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣ ɚɛɡɚɰ ɝɥɚɜɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɫ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ
„ɩɟɪɟɦɵɱɤɚ”, ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɟɬ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɩɹɬɢ!) ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɜɨɫɤɥɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ, ɭɫɢɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟɦ: „Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɯɨɪɶ ɜɡɦɟɬɧɭɥɫɹ ɞɨɬɨɥɟ, ɤɚ- ɡɚɥɨɫɶ, ɞɪɟɦɚɜɲɢɣ ɝɨɪɨɞ!”. Ɂɚɦɟɬɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɬ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɟɬ ɛɨɝɚ- ɬɵɪɫɤɢɦ ɪɚɡɦɚɯɨɦ, ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɳɢɦ Ɍɚɪɚɫɚ Ȼɭɥɶɛɭ, ɜɬɨɪɚɹ ɪɟɞɚɤɰɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɫ ɩɟɪɜɵɦ ɬɨɦɨɦ Ɇɟɪɬɜɵɯ ɞɭɲ. ɂ ɜɫɩɨɦɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɛ ɷɬɨɦ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɜɨɜɫɟ ɧɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨ: ɦɨɳɶ ɢ ɧɚɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɜɨɪɚɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɚɯ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɣ, ɢɯ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɫɬɶ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɟɟ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬ ɤɚ- ɫɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ, ɤɚɤ ɷɬɨ ɛɵɜɚɟɬ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɛɟɞɵ, ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɤɪɢɜɵɦ ɡɟɪɤɚɥɨɦ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɣ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɜ ɝɟɪɨɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɫɬɢ.
ɉɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦ, ɤɚɤ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ „ɝɟɪɨɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ” ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ Ɇɟɪɬɜɵɯ ɞɭɲ (ɬɭɬ, ɤɫɬɚɬɢ, ɟɳɟ ɪɚɡ ɧɟɩɥɨɯɨ ɛɵ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɠɚɧɪɨɜɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟ- ɪɢɫɬɢɤɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ „ɝɟɪɨɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ” ɢ „ɩɨɷɦɚ”, ɜɵ- ɹɜɢɜ ɢɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɶ ɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ). ȼɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɹ ɜɜɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɜ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɟɣ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ: „ɜɵɥɟɡɥɢ ɢɡ ɧɨɪ ɜɫɟ ɬɸɪɸɤɢ ɢ ɛɚɣɛɚɤɢ”. ɂ ɪɚɡ- ɜɨɪɚɱɢɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɭ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɪɟɱɶ, ɤɚɤ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɭ Ƚɨɝɨɥɹ, ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɚ: ɨɧɚ ɨɫɥɨɠɧɟɧɚ ɩɚɪɰɟɥɥɹɰɢɟɣ, ɚɧɚɩɨɞɨɬɨɧɨɦ, ɚɧɚɮɨɪɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ, ɧɚɧɢɡɵɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɚɞɟɠɟɣ, ɪɹɞɚɦɢ ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɫɨɸɡɢɟɦ.
Ɍɟɩɟɪɶ ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɢɦ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɟ ɞɜɭɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɝɨɪɨɞɟ ɩɚɪɬɢɣ – ɦɭɠɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɠɟɧɫɤɨɣ, ɜɵɞɟɥɢɜ ɬɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ, ɩɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɫɬɪɨɢɬ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɱɢɤ ɢɯ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ: ɨɛɳɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ „ɩɚɪɬɢɣ”; ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ (ɜɟɪɫɢɹ) ɢ ɟɟ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ, ɢɯ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ, ɩɨɫɥɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚ- ɜɢɦ ɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ.
Ɂɚɦɟɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɢɦɩɚɬɢɹ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɱɢɤɚ ɧɚ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɟ ɠɟɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɚɪɬɢɢ. Ɉɧɚ ɜɵɪɚ- ɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɜ ɩɪɹɦɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɯ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨ- ɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɩɚɪɬɢɟɣ, ɫɚɦɢɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɰ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ („ɧɟɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɧɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɢ ɨɫɦɨɬɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ”, „ɯɨɪɨɲɢɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɤɢ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɪɹɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɢɰɵ”); ɢ ɜ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɦɢ ɜɟɪɫɢɢ („ɠɢɜɨɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɜɢɞ”, „ɹɫɧɵɟ ɢ ɨɱɟɜɢɞ- ɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ”, „ɜɵɲɥɚ ɨɤɨɧɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɤɚ”); ɢ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɥɨ- ɝɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ („ɫɸɠɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɜ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɭɲɢ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɚɬɨɪɲɢ”).
Ɋɟɱɟɜɵɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɚɦɚɦɢ ɜɟɪɫɢɣ, ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɨɜɧɵ, ɪɚɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɵ, ɹɫɧɨ ɪɚɡɜɟɪɧɭɬɵ. ȼ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɷɬɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɩɨɞɱɢɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɱɢɤ ɢɫ- ɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɬɪɟɦɹ ɫɤɚɡɭɟɦɵɦɢ, ɢɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɞɜɭɯ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɚ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ. Ɍɪɟɯɱɥɟɧɧɚ ɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɚɹ ɡɚ ɷɬɢɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ „ɝɭɛɟɪɧɚɬɨɪɲɢ”: „ɤɚɤ ɦɚɬɶ ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɚ, ɤɚɤ ɩɟɪɜɚɹ ɜ ɝɨɪɨɞɟ ɞɚɦɚ, ɧɚɤɨɧɟɰ ɤɚɤ ɞɚɦɚ, ɧɟ ɩɨɞɨɡɪɟɜɚɜɲɚɹ ɧɢɱɟɝɨ ɩɨɞɨɛ- ɧɨɝɨ”, ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɹɸɳɚɹ ɢ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɟɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɚ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɢ ɢ ɤɧɢɠɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɫɚ: „ɛɵɥɚ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɨɫɤɨɪɛɥɟɧɚ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɦɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɲɥɚ ɜ ɧɟɝɨɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯ ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɨɟ”.
ɂɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ „ɦɭɠɫɤɚɹ ɩɚɪɬɢɹ”, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɤɨɬɨ- ɪɨɣ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɱɟɬɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ: „ɋɨɜɫɟɦ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɬɚ- ɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ, ɤɚɤ ɜ ɠɟɧɫɤɨɣ”. ȼ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ „ɩɚɪɬɢɢ” ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɨ- ɪɹɞɤɚ ɫɬɚɧɟɬ ɥɟɣɬɦɨɬɢɜɨɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ. ɗɬɨ ɧɚɝɪɨɦɨɠɞɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ, ɞɨɯɨɞɹɳɚɹ ɞɨ ɛɟɫɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɡɚɯɥɚɦɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ (ɢɦɹ ɉɥɸɲɤɢɧɚ, ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɧɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨ – ɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ) ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɯ ɭɪɨɜ- ɧɹɯ – ɮɨɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ, ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ, ɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ, ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɢ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ.
ɇɚɱɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ „ɦɭɠɫɤɨɣ ɩɚɪɬɢɢ” ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɸ- ɳɢɦ, ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɦ ɜɟɫɶ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɣ ɨɬɪɟɡɨɤ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ (ɞɨ ɤɨɧ- ɰɚ ɝɥɚɜɵ):
ȼɫɟ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɛɵɥɨ ɤɚɤ-ɬɨ ɱɟɪɫɬɜɨ, ɧɟɨɬɟɫɚɧɧɨ, ɧɟɥɚɞɧɨ, ɧɟɝɨɠɟ, ɧɟɫɬɪɨɣɧɨ, ɧɟɯɨɪɨɲɨ, ɜ ɝɨɥɨɜɟ ɤɭɬɟɪɶɦɚ, ɫɭɬɨɥɨɤɚ, ɫɛɢɜɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ, ɧɟɨɩɪɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɦɵɫɥɹɯ, – ɨɞɧɢɦ ɫɥɨ- ɜɨɦ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜɵɡɧɚɱɢɥɚɫɶ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɩɭɫɬɚɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɦɭɠɱɢɧɵ, ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɝɪɭɛɚɹ, ɬɹɠɟɥɚɹ, ɧɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɚɹ ɧɢ ɤ ɞɨɦɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭ, ɧɢ ɤ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɵɦ ɭɛɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɦ, ɦɚɥɨɜɟɪɧɚɹ, ɥɟɧɢɜɚɹ, ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɚɹ ɛɟɫɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɦɧɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɜɟɱɧɨɣ ɛɨɹɡɧɢ8.
Ɉɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɹɞɵ ɫɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɨɞɢɧ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ, ɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɬ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɨ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦ ɜ 2 ɪɚɡɚ. ɇɚ 36 ɡɧɚɱɚɳɢɯ ɫɥɨɜ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɟɞ- ɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ 21 ɜɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ 5 ɪɹɞɨɜ ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ, ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɤɨɥɟɛɥɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɞɨ ɫɟɦɢ. ɉɪɢɱɟɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɨ ɩɨɫɦɨɬ- ɪɟɬɶ ɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɪɹɞɨɜ ɢ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɢ: ɧɚɪɟɱɢɹ – ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢ- ɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ – ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ, ɫɮɟɪɨɣ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɤɪɚɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɚɥɤɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ: „ɤɭɬɟɪɶɦɚ”,
„ɫɭɬɨɥɨɤɚ”, „ɫɛɢɜɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ”, „ɧɟɨɩɪɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ” – „ɞɨɦɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ”, „ɫɟɪɞɟɱ- ɧɵɟ ɭɛɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ”, „ɫɨɦɧɟɧɢɹ”, „ɜɟɱɧɚɹ ɛɨɹɡɧɶ”. Ɉɛɪɚɳɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɫɟɛɹ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɦɨɪɮɟɦɧɚɹ ɚɧɚɮɨɪɚ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɦ ɪɹɞɭ: ɧɟɨɬɟɫɚɧ- ɧɨ – ɧɟɥɚɞɧɨ – ɧɟɝɨɠɟ – ɧɟɫɬɪɨɣɧɨ – ɧɟɯɨɪɨɲɨ.
ɋɥɟɞɭɸɳɚɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɭ ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫ- ɬɢ, ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɷɬɨ ɭɠɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɩɨɞɱɢɧɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɢ-
8 Ibidem, ɫ. 201.
ɞɚɬɨɱɧɵɦɢ, ɬɨɠɟ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɟ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɚɧɚɮɨɪɵ: 7 ɪɚɡ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧ ɫɨɸɡ „ɱɬɨ”, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɟɬ ɪɢɬɦ ɡɜɭɱɚɳɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ. ɉɪɢɱɟɦ „ɱɬɨ”
ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɟɫɶ ɬɟɤɫɬ (ɷɬɨ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɜɟɞɶ „ɱɬɨ” ɬɢɩɢɱɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ, ɜɜɨɞɹɳɢɣ ɤɨɫɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɪɟɱɶ), ɬɟɫɧɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɹ ɫ „ɟɫɥɢ” ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɩɨɞ- ɱɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫɨɸɡɚɦɢ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɪɚɡɜɟɪɧɭɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɢɠɟ ɜɟɪɫɢɢ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɹɬ ɩɭɬɶ ɨɬ ɧɟɞɨɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɩɨɜɨɞɭ ɩɨɤɭɩɚɟɦɵɯ ɑɢɱɢɤɨɜɵɦ ɦɟɪɬɜɵɯ ɞɭɲ ɞɨ ɜɫɟɨɛɴɟɦɥɸɳɟɝɨ ɫɬɪɚɯɚ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɡɚ ɫɚɦɢɯ ɫɟɛɹ.
ɂ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɬɟɦ, ɤɚɤ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɜɟɪɫɢɢ ɩɭɫɤɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɭɞ, ɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɵ ɫɭɟɬɵ ɢ ɬɪɟɜɨɝɢ: „ɩɨɣɞɭɬ ɩɟɪɟɛɨɪɤɢ, ɪɚɫɩɟɤɚɧɶɹ, ɜɡɛɭɬɟɬɟɧɢɜɚɧɶɹ ɢ ɜɫɹɤɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɩɨɯɥɟɛɤɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɭɝɨɳɚɟɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɢɤ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɩɨɞ- ɱɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ”, ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɜɵɹɜɥɹɟɬ ɩɟɫɬɪɨɬɭ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɢ, ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɩɨ ɜɨɫɯɨɞɹɳɟɦɭ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɭ ɧɟ ɫɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɟɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɢɯ ɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɤɪɚɫɤɢ.
ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɨɫɨɛɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ, ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨ, ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɫ- ɥɟɞɧɟɣ ɩɚɪɵ. „ȼɡɛɭɬɟɬɟɧɢɜɚɧɶɹ” ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɤ ɫɟɛɟ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ: ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɧɢ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ (ɤɚɤ ɷɬɨ ɢ ɩɨ- ɥɨɠɟɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɨɤɤɚɡɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɦɚ), ɧɨ ɢ ɩɨɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɨ- ɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɜɵɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ. ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜ ɋɥɨɜɚɪɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɚɪɚ „ɜɡɛɭɬɟɬɟɧɢɬɶ – ɜɡɛɭɬɟɬɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ” ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ, ɫ ɩɨɦɟɬɨɣ „ɭɫɬɚɪɟɜɲɟɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɪɟɱɧɨɟ”9, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɹ ɠɟ ɫɨ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɟɦ Ⱦɚɥɹ, ɦɵ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɟɦ ɝɥɚɝɨɥ „ɛɭɬɟɬɟɧɢɬɶ”, ɫɨ- ɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɦɵɣ ɩɨɦɟɬɨɣ „ɨɪɟɧɛɭɪɝɫɤɨɟ”, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɣ ɨɬ „ɛɭɛɟɧ” ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟ- ɥɹɟɦɵɣ ɤɚɤ „ɬɪɟɡɜɨɧɢɬɶ”, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ „ɛɢɬɶ, ɤɨɥɨɬɢɬɶ, ɫɟɱɶ”10. Ɍɚɤɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɤ ɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɫɥɨɜɭ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɨɫɦɵɫɥɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɲɢɪɨɬɭ, ɧɟ ɭɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɭɸ ɞɚɠɟ ɫɥɟ- ɞɭɸɳɟɦɭ ɡɚ ɧɢɦ ɪɚɡɜɟɪɧɭɬɨɦɭ ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɢɱɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɭ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɹ ɜɟɪɫɢɸ ɢɧɫɩɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɜɪɚɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɵ, ɨɛɪɚɬɢɦ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɬɨ, ɤɚɤ ɜɩɥɟɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɱɶ ɩɨɜɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ „ɤɚɧɰɟɥɹɪɫɤɢɟ” ɨɛɨɪɨɬɵ, ɞɟɥɨɜɚɹ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ, ɰɟɩɨɱɤɚ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɚɞɟɠɟɣ ɜ 4 ɡɜɟɧɚ ɢ ɞɪ. Ȼɪɨɫɚɸɬɫɹ ɠɟ ɜ ɝɥɚɡɚ ɨɧɢ ɩɨɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨ ɨɤɨɥɶɰɨɜɚɧɵ ɬɢɩɢɱɧɨ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɵɦɢ, ɞɚɠɟ ɫɧɢɠɟɧ- ɧɵɦɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ: „ɜɞɪɭɝ ɩɨɛɥɟɞɧɟɥ; ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɥɨɫɶ ɛɨɝ ɡɧɚɟɬ ɱɬɨ; ɜɡɞɨɪ, ɜɞɪɭɝ ɩɨɛɥɟɞɧɟɥ ɫɚɦ”. Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɢɦ, ɤɨɥɶɰɨ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɱɟɬɤɨ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɨ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫ- ɤɢɦ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɨɦ.
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɞɟɥɨɜɵɯ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨ- ɪɨɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ, ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɹɪɤɢɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɯɚ- ɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɟɣ: ɞɟɥɨɜɚɹ ɪɟɱɶ, ɪɚɡɜɨɪɚɱɢɜɚɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɭɫɬɨɣ- ɱɢɜɵɯ, ɤɥɢɲɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ, ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯ, ɩɪɢɜɵɱɧɵɯ, ɥɟɝɤɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ, ɢɞɟɬ ɤɚɤ ɩɨ ɦɚɫɥɭ. ɉɟɪɟɞ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɤɚɤ ɛɭɞɬɨ ɜɫɬɚɸɬ ɬɟ ɞɨɤɭ- ɦɟɧɬɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜ ɜɟɥɢɤɨɦ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɬɪɨɱɚɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɤɚɧɰɟɥɹɪɢɹɯ
9 ɋɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ, ɜ 20 ɬ., ɬ. 2, 2-ɟ ɢɡɞ., ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛ. ɢ ɞɨɩ., Ɇocɤɜa, Ɋɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɹɡɵɤ 1991, c. 189.
10 ȼ.ɂ. Ⱦɚɥɶ, Ɍɨɥɤɨɜɵɣ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɠɢɜɨɝɨ ɜɟɥɢɤɨɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ, ɜ 4 ɬ., ɬ. 1: Ⱥ–Ɂ, Ɇocɤɜa, ɌȿɊɊȺ 1994, c. 135.
ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ ɩɨɜɨɞɚɦ: ɡɞɟɫɶ ɢ ɞɟɥɨɜɵɟ ɩɢɫɶɦɚ, ɢ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ, ɢ ɚɤɬɵ, ɢ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɵ, ɢ ɫɭɞɟɛɧɵɟ ɞɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɢ ɞɨɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ, ɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ.
Ɋɚɫɫɤɚɡɱɢɤ, ɩɪɟɤɪɚɫɧɨ ɜɥɚɞɟɹ ɞɟɥɨɜɵɦ ɫɥɨɝɨɦ, ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɜ ɫɰɟɧɟ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɑɢɱɢɤɨɜɚ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤɚɦɢ. Ɂɚ ɷɬɨɣ „ɧɚɤɚɬɚɧɧɨɣ” ɪɟɱɶɸ ɧɟɬ, ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨ, ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɫ ɞɭɲɨɣ, ɜɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ, ɫɨɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɟɦ, ɧɨ ɡɚɬɨ ɛɟɡ ɦɟɪɵ ɜɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ, ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɩɪɟ- ɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɹɡɵɤɚ „ɞɟɥɚ”. Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɠɟ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɜɵɯɨɞɢɬ ɢɡ-ɩɨɞ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ, ɬɨɝɞɚ ɢ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɞɥɢɧɧɚɹ ɢɯ ɫɭɬɶ. Ⱦɟɥɨɜɨɣ ɥɨɫɤ ɫɥɟɬɚɟɬ, ɢ ɢɯ ɪɚɫ- ɬɟɪɹɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɬɪɚɯɭ, ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɟɱɶ ɪɚɡɨɪɜɚɧ- ɧɚɹ, ɷɥɥɢɩɬɢɱɧɚɹ, ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɚɦɢ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ, ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ-ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ- ɪɟɱɧɨ-ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɵɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ ɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ. ɋɩɨɧɬɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɧɟɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜ- ɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ (ɡɞɟɫɶ, ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨ, ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɟ: ɧɟ ɡɚɛɭɞɟɦ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɯɭɞɨ- ɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɢ ɛɟɡ ɜɨɥɢ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ ɧɢɱɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɣɬɢ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ, ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɟɝɨ ɜɡɝɥɹɞ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɟɣ), ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪ- ɧɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ, ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɦɟɪɟ, ɱɟɦ ɱɬɨ-ɥɢɛɨ ɞɪɭɝɨɟ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɜɨɫɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɢɫɬɢɧ- ɧɵɣ ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬ ɪɢɫɭɟɦɵɯ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɟɣ.
Ɉɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɦɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɤɢ ɩɨɞɜɨɞɹɬ ɧɟɤɢɣ ɩɪɨ- ɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɢɬɨɝ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɧɵɦ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɦ:
Ʉɨɧɟɱɧɨ, ɧɢɤɚɤ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɬɭɬ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɥɨɫɶ ɱɬɨ-ɧɢɛɭɞɶ ɤ ɑɢ- ɱɢɤɨɜɭ; ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɠ ɜɫɟ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɪɚɡɦɵɫɥɢɥɢ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɫ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɢɩɨɦɧɢ- ɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɟɳɟ ɧɟ ɡɧɚɸɬ, ɤɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɞɟɥɟ ɟɫɬɶ ɑɢɱɢɤɨɜ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧ ɫɚɦ ɜɟɫɶ- ɦɚ ɧɟɹɫɧɨ ɨɬɡɵɜɚɥɫɹ ɧɚɫɱɟɬ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ, ɝɨɜɨɪɢɥ, ɩɪɚɜɞɚ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɬɟɪɩɟɥ ɩɨ ɫɥɭɠɛɟ ɡɚ ɩɪɚɜɞɭ, ɞɚ ɜɟɞɶ ɜɫɟ ɷɬɨ ɤɚɤ-ɬɨ ɧɟɹɫɧɨ, ɢ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜɫɩɨɦɧɢɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧ ɞɚɠɟ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɥɫɹ, ɛɭɞɬɨ ɢɦɟɥ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɧɟɩɪɢɹɬɟɥɟɣ, ɩɨɤɭɲɚɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ ɠɢɡɧɶ ɟɝɨ, ɬɨ ɡɚɞɭɦɚɥɢɫɶ ɟɳɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ: ɫɬɚɥɨ ɛɵɬɶ, ɠɢɡɧɶ ɟɝɨ ɛɵɥɚ ɜ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɬɚɥɨ ɛɵɬɶ, ɟɝɨ ɩɪɟɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɢ, ɫɬɚɥɨ ɛɵɬɶ, ɨɧ ɜɟɞɶ ɫɞɟɥɚɥ ɠɟ ɱɬɨ-ɧɢɛɭɞɶ ɬɚɤɨɟ... ɞɚ ɤɬɨ ɠɟ ɨɧ ɜ ɫɚ- ɦɨɦ ɞɟɥɟ ɬɚɤɨɣ?11
ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ 105 ɫɥɨɜ, ɱɬɨ, ɤɚɤ ɦɵ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɦ, ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɞɥɢɧɵ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ, ɧɨ ɭ Ƚɨɝɨɥɹ ɜ ɪɟɱɢ ɩɨ- ɜɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɷɬɨ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɪɟɞɤɨɟ. ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɨɪɮɨ- ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ: ɜɯɨ- ɞɹɳɢɟ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɰɟɥɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ 6 ɫɥɨɜ; ɫɥɭɠɟɛɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɪɟɱɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ 30% ɨɬ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɫɥɨɜ (ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɭ Ƚɨɝɨɥɹ – 14%); ɦɟɫɬɨɢɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɥɨɜ ɬɨɠɟ 30%
(ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɭ Ƚɨɝɨɥɹ – 15%), ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɫɥɨɜ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɚɳɢɯ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ – ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ. ɂɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɨ ɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ ɡɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɞɥɢɧɨɣ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɡɞɟɫɶ ɨɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 2 ɫɥɨɝɚ (ɩɨɞɫɱɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ 100 ɫɥɨɜ, ɬ.ɤ. 5 ɫɥɨɜ ɫɥɨɝɨɜ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ). ɉɪɢɱɟɦ ɨɞɧɨɫɥɨɠ- ɧɵɯ ɫɥɨɜ 36, ɞɜɭɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ 38 (ɜ ɫɭɦɦɟ 74%), ɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɥɢɧɧɵɯ ɫɥɨɜ ɜɫɟɝɨ 26.
Ɇɨɠɧɨ, ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨ, ɫɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɤɨɫɧɨɹɡɵɱɢɟ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɵɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ,
11 Ibidem, ɫ. 203–204.
