Pregnant women’s diet composition and transitional milk fatty acids: factor analysis
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(5) 3 1. University of Bielsko-Biala, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bielsko-Biała, Poland National Food and Nutrition Institute, Chemical Safety of Food Laboratory, Warsaw, Poland 3 Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Specialist Teaching Hospital in Tychy, Tychy, Poland 2. Abstract Introduction: The variation in the nutrients contained in the milk is the result of changes to the breast metabolism, placenta metabolism and the diet of pregnant women. Various factors influence fatty acid composition which are one of the major components of woman’s breast milk. In our research, we wanted to determine the relationship between the components of the diet of and the transitional milk fatty acid composition mothers who delivered healthy full-term babies, preterm and small for gestational age neonates. Materials and methods: The study group comprised of 95 healthy women who were divided into three subgroups: mothers of appropriate for gestational age (AGA) neonates (group A); mothers of preterm neonates (group B); and mothers who gave birth to small for gestational age (SGA) babies (Group C). The women’s elements diet and the content of biochemical components were estimated based on the dietary questionnaire. The FAs in the mother’s milk were analyzed using GCMS chromatography. The results of the studies of the dietary components and fatty acids of the milk underwent factor analysis. Results: In group A, 10 correlations (5 positive and 5 negative) were found between the components of the mother’s diet and the FAs in the milk (correlation varying from 0.285 - 0.366). In group B, only negative correlations were observed and these had higher absolute correlation values (0.354-0.500). The most correlations between dietary components and FAs in the milk were found in group C (0.537 - 0.800). Conclusion: Nature of the correlations between the variables examined in groups A, B and C are different.. Key words: transitional milk / fatty acids / preterm infants / / / / factor analysis /. Adres do korespondencji: Rafał Bobiński University of Bielsko-Biala, Faculty of Health Sciences Poland, 43-309 Bielsko-Biala, ul. Willowa 2 Tel: +48 33 82-79-197, Fax: +48 33 82-79-403 e-mail: rbobinski@ath.bielsko.pl. Nr 2/2015. © Polskie Towarzystwo Ginekologiczne. Otrzymano: 10.01.2014 Zaakceptowano do druku: 29.09.2014. 113.
(6) Ginekol Pol. 2015, 86, 113-118. P R A C E O R Y G I N A L N E poł ożn i ct wo. Rafał Bobiński et al. Pregnant women’s diet composition and transitional milk fatty acids: factor analysis.. Streszczenie Wstęp: Zmiana składników w mleku kobiet karmiących jest rezultatem zmian w metabolizmie gruczołów piersiowych, funkcjonowaniu łożyska oraz diecie kobiet ciężarnych. Liczne czynniki modulują skład kwasów tłuszczowych, będących jednym z najważniejszych komponentów mleka kobiecego. W naszych badaniach chcieliśmy określić wzajemne relacje pomiędzy składnikami diety a kwasami tłuszczowymi mleka pierwotnego kobiet, które urodziły dzieci o czasie, przed czasem oraz urodziły dzieci małe w stosunku do wieku ciążowego. Materiały i metody: Do badań zakwalifikowano 95 kobiet, które urodziły zdrowe dzieci o czasie (AGA) (grupa A), przed czasem (grupa B) oraz dzieci małe w stosunku do wieku ciążowego (SGA) (grupa C). Jakość i ilość składników diety matek była określana za pomocą kwestionariusza żywieniowego. Skład kwasów tłuszczowych mleka pierwotnego określono techniką chromatografii gazowej sprzężonej z detektorem mas. Wyniki badań składników diety oraz kwasów tłuszczowych mleka poddano analizie czynnikowej. Wyniki: W grupie A otrzymano 10 korelacji (5 pozytywnych i 5 negatywnych) pomiędzy składnikami diety a kwasami tłuszczowymi mleka matek (współczynnik korelacji kształtował się na poziomie 0,285 – 0,366). W grupie B wszystkie otrzymane korelacje miały znak ujemny oraz charakteryzowały się większą wartością współczynnika korelacji (0.354 – 0.500). Największą liczbę korelujących ze sobą związków wykryto w grupie C. W grupie tej obserwowano także najwyższe wartości współczynników korelacji (0,537 – 0,800). Wnioski: Natura korelacji pomiędzy badanymi zmiennymi w grupie A, B i C jest inna dla każdej z badanych grup.. Słowa kluczowe: mleko pierwotne /
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(202) Ginekol Pol. 2015, 86, 113-118. P R A C E. O R Y G I N A L N E po ł o ż n i c t wo. Rafał Bobiński et al. Pregnant women’s diet composition and transitional milk fatty acids: factor analysis.. Table I. Characteristic of the studied population. Results are mean (±SD). AGA (A). SGA (C). Age (y). 28.6 ± 4.7. 27.7± 3.7. 29.0 ± 5.1. BMI (kg/m2). 22.7 ± 3.8. 23.2 ± 4.1. 23.1 ± 4.8. Delivery (wk). 39.2 ± 1.2. 34.65 ± 1.1. 38.0 ± 1.0. Neonatal weight. 3535.9 ± 392.9. 2402 ± 424.5. 2297 ± 158.9. Placental weight. 499.2 ± 103.1. 320.4 ± 98.6. 358.6 ± 82.8. Mode of delivery. 42n/12cs=54. 21n/11cs=32. 12n/11cs=23. 9-10. 9-10. 9-10. Apgar score. #.
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(641) Ginekol Pol. 2015, 86, 113-118. P R A C E. O R Y G I N A L N E po ł o ż n i c t wo. Rafał Bobiński et al. Pregnant women’s diet composition and transitional milk fatty acids: factor analysis.. Table II. List of biochemical nutritional components included in the diet. Nutritional component Fat. fat, cholesterol, C4:0, C6:0, C8:0, C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, C15:0, C16:0, C17:0, C18:0, C20:0, C14:1, C15:1, C16:1, C17:1, C18:1, C20:1, C22:1, C18:2, C18:3, C18:4, C20:3, C20:4, C20:5, C22:5, C 22:6. Protein. Total protein, animal protein, vegetable protein. Carbohydrates. Total carbohydrates, lactose, saccharose, starch, cellulose. Vitamins.
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(645) . Other. Water, ash, waste, energy, alcohol. Table III. List of fatty acids analyzed in transitional milk. C4:0, C6:0, C8:0, C10:0, C11:0, C12:0, C13:0, C14:0, C14:1, C15:0, C15:1, C16:0, C16:1t, C16:1, C17:0, C17:1, C18:0, C18:1t, C18:1c, C18:2c, C18:2cc, C18:3n6, C18:3n3, C20:0, C20:1, C20:2, C 20:3n6, C20:4n6, C20:3n3, C22:0, C22:1, C20:5n6, C24:0, C24:1, C22:5n3, C22:6n6, C21:0, C23:0, C18:3t, C22:2,. Fatty acids analyzed in transitional milk (n=40). Table IV. Biochemical diet components with absolute value of factor load higher than 0.7 (FL>0.7). Factor. Factor. Factor. Factor. Factor. Factor. Factor. Factor. Factor. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. C4:0. VIT C. C18:4. ENERGY KJ. %EN FAT. VIT A. LACT. ALC. ANIMAL P. C6:0. FOLIC AC. C20:5. FAT. %EN CARB. BETA CAR. C8:0. C22:5. C20:0. C10:0. C 22:6. C18:1. C12:0. C22:1. C14:0. C18:2. C15:0. C18:3. Table V. Fatty acids of transitional milk with absolute value of factor load higher than 0.7 (FL>0.7). Factor. Factor. Factor. Factor. Factor. Factor. Factor. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. C20:0. C10:0. C16:1C. C13:0. C18:3n3. C24:0. C18:1t. C20:1. C12:0. * )
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