"Zur Geschichte der diligentia quam suis", H. J. Wolff, "Iura", VI, 1955 : [recenzja]

SURVEY OF LITERATURE 1953—1955 519

inst t h e m the a u t h o r gives his own explanation relying on t h e t e x t s on t h e s u b j e c t . Accordingly γη έν άφέσει means t h e land, the revenues of which are t o be released b y t h e royal government and t h e cultivation of which is controlled b y t h e state. The land revenues were released if a f t e r h a v i n g delivered t h e harvested corn q u a n t i t y t o the village trashingfloor, t h e relative t a x e s b y keeping of a certain q u a n t i t y of t h e delivered corn were paid off. Μ. К a s e r , Wesen und Wirkungen der Detention in den antiken

Rechten (estr. dagli Atti del III Congresso di Diritto comparati-ve I 1953).

P a r t I V of t h i s s t u d y is dedicated to t h e Greek and the Greco-- E g y p t i a n law. T h e author comes t o t h e conclusion t h a t in the Greek sphere a terminological differentiation of between the de-tentio a n d t h e legally protected possessio was evidently missing. T h e words έχε iv and κατέχειν are used not only for every actual power b u t also for t h e p r o p e r t y in t h e Greek meaning of the word. The difference between νομή meaning possessio and κατοχή meaning detentio is f i r s t to be found under t h e influence of the R o m a n sour-ces in the B y z a n t i n e period and even t h e n it is n o t observed consis-t e n consis-t l y (cf. m y Law2 174).

G e r m a i n e R o u i l l a r d , La vie rurale dans VEmpire byzantine (Col-lège de F r a n c e , F o n d a t i o n Schlunberger pour le byzantinisme Paris 1953).

n o t seen.

R. T a u b e n s c h l a g , Rechtsverhältnisse an der Grenzmauer im Rech-te der Papyri (estr. dagli Studi in onore di U.E. Paoli [1955] 683—684) cf. Law2 242 ff.

O b l i g a t i o n s

J . M o d r z e j e w s k i , Additional Provisions in Private Legal Acts in Greco-Roman Egypt (JJP V I I — V I I I [1954] 211—229). H . J . W o l f f , Zur Geschichte der diligentia quam suis (Iura V I [1955]

152 ff.).

I n t h i s s t u d y t h e author deals w i t h Mert. 24 (200 A.D.) where in a p r i v a t e letter t h e diligentia quam suis is mentioned not as we

520 JOURNAL OF JURISTIC PAPYROLOGY

are a c c u s t o m e d t o — in t h e sense of a decreased diligence b u t r a t h e r in t h e sense of an increased one. T h i s idea comes n o t f r o m a j u -rist b u t it r e p r e s e n t s t h e c o m m o n opinion. T h e a u t h o r tries t o explain h o v t h e R o m a n law developed a n idea q u i t e opposite t o t h e l a t t e r .

L. G e r n e t , Sur Vobligation contractuelle dans la vente hellénique (AHDO + RIDA I I [1953] 229—247).

T h i s article is also w o r t h consideration of t h e p a p y r o l o g i s t s b e c a u s e of its o f t e n r e f e r r i n g t o t h e p a p y r i (cf. p . 2351 7, 2 4 4 — 5 ,

246 ff.).

T h e same holds good of:

J . D e m e y r e , Le contrat de vente en droit grec classique: les obliga-tions des parties (AHDO + RIDA I I [1953] 197—228). cf. p . 209 or 22 1 98 on βασιλικόν κώλυμα,

a n d :

H . P e t s c h o w , Der Surrogationsgedanke im naubaby loni sehen Recht (RIDA, I I I Serie, vol. I [1954] 125—171).

cf. p . 1276, 128, 141, 150 151, 155.

F . P r i n g s h e i m , Gegen die Annahme von „Vorstufen" des kon-sensualen Kaufes im hellenistischen Recht (Iura Y I [1955] 18—30). N e i t h e r t h e a g r e e m e n t a b o u t t h e f u t u r e sale on cash nor t h e a s s u r a n c e of a f u t u r e p a y m e n t b y an arrha or lien c r e a t e an obli-gation. D e m . 41, 8—8 and B G U 1146 do n o t a t t e s t t h e responsi-bility for t h e price a n d P . H i b . 84 is a sale on delivery where t h e obligation t o deliver is modelled a f t e r t h e p a t t e r n of a loan.

F . P r i n g s h e i m , Griechische Kauf-Horoi (Festschrift H. Leivald [1953] 143—160).

T h e a u t h o r seeks t o prove t h a t t h e r e was a sort of δροι w h i c h a t t e s t for Greece t h e existence of t h e " s a l e on c r e d i t " or t h e " s a l e on d e l i v e r y " . H e m a k e s also use of t h e papyrological m a t e r i a l (cf. e. g. p. 1449).