O ʹͲͺ͵Ǧ͵ʹͷǡǤͳǡʹͲͳͶ
ǤǤǤ
ͷ
RES INVESTMENTS AS AN INSTRUMENT OF ECONOMIC ACTIVATION
INWESTYCJE OZE JAKO INSTRUMENT AKTYWIZACJI GOSPODARCZEJ
Bartosz D¦browski
Ȁ Streszczenie: Ï Ă ǡ×Ï Ï Ñ Ï ¸ ¦ Ǥ ¦¸ ¦¦Ǥ ¦ צ¸Ǥ Ǧ ×ä Ïä© ä¦ Ă Ï Ā ǡ ä Ǥ ¦ Ǧ ǡ ×à ׸ ÑĂ×Ǥ SÏowa kluczowe: ǡǡǦ × Wst¸p Ǧ ¦ ¸ ¦ Ǥ Ā×ÏȋȌǡ Ā×Ï Ǧ ¦¦ ¸¦ ¸ ×ǡ ××Ǥ× Ǧ × ¦ ¸ Ā×Ï ä© ¦Ñ ǡ äǤ× ϐ ¦¸¦ Ǧ ¸Ǥ ĂǦ ä×ä ¸ ¦ʹͲͲǡͲǡ ͶͲǤȋ¦Ǧ ǡʹͲͳ͵Ȍ¦ ¦ Ā×Ǧ Ï ä© ǡ Ï ǡÏĂ© ¦ Ǧ ä ǤǦ ä¦×ĂÏĂ ϐ Ăä ¦ ä×Ѧ ¸ǤǦ ¦¦ ¦ ä× Ǥ Ā×ÏǦ ǡצ ¦Ǧ Summary: ǡǯ Ǧ Ǧ Ǥ ϐ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ϐǡ ǤǡǦ ϐǡ ϐ Ǥ Keywords:ǡǡ Introduction Ǥ Ǧ ȋȌǡ Ǧ ǡ Ǥ ǯ Ǧ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ϐ ʹͲͲ ǡ ͲǡͶͲ ȋ ǡ ʹͲͳ͵ȌǤ Ǧ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǧ ǤǦ ǡǡ Ǥ ǡ Address for corespondence: Ph.D. Bartosz D¦browski, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Narutowicza St. 12, Szczecin 70-240, Poland, Phone: + 48 602 69 59 69, e-mali: bdabrowski@zut.edu.pl; Full text PDF: www.ers.edu.pl; Open-access article.
Copyright © Pope John Paul II State School of Higher Education in BiaÏa Podlaska, Sidorska 95/97, 21-500 BiaÏa Podlaska; Indexation: Index Copernicus Journal Master List ICV 2013: 6.73; Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education 2013: 4 points.
× ä Ǥ ©Ïͳͳ ©ÏʹͲʹ͵ǦʹͲʹͷǤȋ ¦ǡʹͲͳͲȌǤ ¦ Ǧ ʹͲʹͳ¦© Ǧ ä ¦ ¸ Ǧ ¦Ǥ¦ æ ¸ Ā×Ï ȋǡʹͲͳʹȌ ¦ Ā×Ï ȋʹͲͳͲȌ Ǧ ×Ï ¸Ǧ ¸ Ǥ ä ¸ ǣ ǡ Ïä© Ȃ Ǧ ¦ Ăä© ǡ ×Ă Ăä© Ǧ × ä ×Ă Ȃ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ï ǤÏä ¦ ä Ϧ ǤǦ Ï Ï Ǧ × Ǥ
Uwarunkowania rozwoju OZE w Polsce i na äwiecie ¦¦ ǡ ×ä ×ÏȋͳͻͻǤȌǦ ȋ Ă × ¦Ȍ ¦ ä© ¸ Ï Ā×Ï Ǥ äÏ× ¦ǣä©Ā×ÏȂ Ăä© ǡ ÏǦ ä ǡ Ï×Ǧ Ǧ ǡÏ × Ǥ ׸¦ ¸ ǣ Ȉ ʹͲͲͻȀʹͺȀʹ͵ʹͲͲͻǤǦ Ā×Ï ǡ¦ ¸ Ǧ ¦ ʹͲͲͳȀȀ ʹͲͲ͵Ȁ͵ͲȀ ȋǤǤͳͶͲͷǤǤʹͲͲͻȌǡ Ȉ ͳ ʹͲͳ͵ǤǦ ¦ Ñ Ï Ǧ ¦ Ï ×Ă ÏǤͷǦ ʹͲͲͻȀʹͺȀǡ ȈÏ ¸ Ȃ Ïä ǣ Ǧ Ā×ÏȋͳͻͻȌǡ Ȉ¸ȂǦ Ñ ȋʹͲͲͳȌǤ Ǥ Ǧ ͳͳ ʹͲʹ͵Ǧ ʹͲʹͷǤȋ ǡʹͲͳͲȌǤ ǡȋ ʹͲʹͳȌ Ǧ Ǥ ȋǡ ʹͲͳʹȌǤ ȋʹͲͳͲȌ Ǧ ǤǦ ǣ ǡǦ ǡ Ǧ ȂǡǦ ǡǡ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ
Determinants for the development of RES in Poland and all over the world
ǡǦ ȋͳͻͻȌ ȋ Ȍ Ǧ Ǥ ǡ Ȃ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǤȋǦ Ȍ ǣ Ȉ ʹͲͲͻȀʹͺȀ ʹ͵ ʹͲͲͻ Ǧ ʹͲͲͳȀȀʹͲͲ͵Ȁ͵ͲȀȋǤ ǤͳͶͲͷǤǤʹͲͲͻȌǡ Ȉ ͳ ʹͲͳ͵ǡǦ Ǧ Ǧ ͷ ʹͲͲͻȀʹͺȀ Ȉ ǣǦ ȋͳͻͻȌ ȈȂ ȋʹͲͲͳȌǤ
ÏĂ Ǧ Ï ä ¦ Ïǣ Ƿ Ǧ dzȋ¸ʹ͵ ʹͲͲͳǤȌ ǣǷ ʹͲ͵Ͳdzȋ¸¸× ͳͲ ʹͲͲͻ ǤȌǡ Ƿ dz ȋ¸ ¸ × ʹͺ ʹͲͲǤȌǤ Ñ ¸ ͳͳ × ǡÏϐǦ Ă ¦¦ÏʹͲʹͲͳͷΨǤ ä× Ā×ÏĂ ©ǣ Ȉ¸¦ǡ Ȉ¸¦Ï ¦ǡ Ȉ¸¦ǡ Ȉ¸¦ǡ Ȉ ¦ Ï Ï Ǥ ǡĂ Ï ǣ Ȉ Ǧ ǡ × ÏÏϐĂ ͳͷΨǢ Ȉ Ǣ Ȉ ʹͲʹͲ Ǥ ä Ǧ × Ï ͵ͷΨ Ï× ××Ǥ Ȉ ȋ ǡ Ă Ï ǡȌǤ Ï ʹͲͳʹ ¦¸Ï ͳͲǡͷͷ Ψ Ï Ā×Ï ȋͳǡͺ ȌǤ × ʹͲΨ Ā×Ï Ǥ ©ǡ Ă Ï ϐͳʹÏ× × ä ȋ¦Ǧ ¸ͲǡͷʹǡͷȌǡ ¸ ×Ï Ǧ ȋǦ ȌǤ Ï× ÏĂÑ ǡ × Ñ ÏǦ ×Ǧ Ï×× Ǥ ¦ ¸ ȋÏä ¸Ǧ ʹͲͳʹǤǡ ʹͲͳ͵Ȍ ä© Ă Ǧ × Ñ ʹͲͳʹ Ǥ Ǧ ͳʹͳǤͳǤͺ͵ͻǡͻͳͺǤ ͵ͳǦ ʹͲͳʹǤǡÏ Ā×Ï ʹͲͳʹǤ×Ïǣ ȈǤ ä ͳͲǡͲͺΨǡ ȈǤ ä ͶǡͻΨǡ Ǧ Ǧ DzǦ dz ȋ ʹ͵ ʹͲͲͳȌ ǣDz ʹͲ͵Ͳdzȋ ͳͲǦ ʹͲͲͻȌǡDzǦ dzȋ ʹͺ ʹͲͲȌǤ Ǧ ͳͳ ǡϐ ͳͷΨʹͲʹͲǤ ǣ Ȉǡ Ȉǡ Ȉǡ Ȉǡ ȈǤ ǡ Ǧ Ǧ ǣ Ȉ ǡ ϐ ͳͷΨǢ Ȉ Ǣ Ȉ ʹͲʹͲǦ ϐ ͵ͷΨ Ǥ Ȉ ȋ ǡ ǡȌǤ ǡ ʹͲͳʹ ͳͲǡͷͷΨ ȋͳǤͺȌǤ ǡ ʹͲΨ Ǧ Ǥ ϐ ͳʹ ȋ Ǧ Ͳǡͷ ʹǡͷȌǡ Ǧȋ ȌǤ Ǥ Ǧ ϐ ȋ ϐ ʹͲͳʹǡ ʹͲͳ͵Ȍ Ǧ ʹͲͳʹͳʹͳǤͳǤͺ͵ͻǡ ͻͳͺ ͵ͳ ʹͲͳʹǡ Ǧ ʹͲͳʹǣ Ȉ ϐ ͳͲǡͲͺΨ Ȉ ϐ ͶǡͻΨ
ͺ ͳͲǡͶΨǤ ȋ Ǧ Ȍ ͳ ¦ ¦ ä Ǥͷ©Ă ä æ¸Ǥ Ā×Ï ȋȌ × ¦ ¸ Ǧ Ï ǤǦ ¸¸×Ͷ ʹͲͲͷ ¦ Ƿ Ǧ ʹͲʹͷ dzǡ × ä ¸ ä Ïä ¦ǡÏǦ ¦ ¸ Ǧ Ǥ× Ǧ Ā×Ï ä Ñ Ǥ Ǧ ¸ ʹͲͳʹ ȋ Ïä ¸ ʹͲͳʹǤȌ Ǧ ÏѸ Ā×Ï Ǧ ǡ Ǧ ǡ Ăä Ăä ǡ Ï Ï ¸ Ñ Ï Ǥ¦ÏĂǦ Ϧ Ǥ¦ ǡä×Ǧ Ă× ȋȌ©Ăǣ Ȉ ¸äǦ ǡ Ȉ×Ă×ǡ ͳͲǤͶΨǤ ȋ Ǧ Ǧϐ Ȍ ͳ Ǧ Ǥͷ ǡ Ǥ ȋȌ Ǧ Ǥǡ Dz ʹͲʹͷdzǡ Ͷ ʹͲͲͷ ϐǡǤǤ ǡ ǡ ǤǤ Ǥ Ǥ Ǧ ϐ ʹͲͳʹȋ Ǧ ϐ ʹͲͳʹȌ Ǧ ǡ ǡ Ǧ ǡ ǡ Ǧ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ ǡϐ Ǧ ȋȌ ǣ Ȉ Ǧ ǡ Ȉǡ Table 1. ʹͲͲͷǦʹͲͳͳȏȐȋ Ǧ Ȍ Tabela 1. ʹͲͲͷǦʹͲͳͳȏȐȋ ×ÏȌ Rodzaj OZE RES type 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Elektrownie na biogaz
Biogas power plants ͵ʹǡͲͲ ͵ǡͺͲ ͶͷǡͲ ͷͶǡͳ ͳǡʹ ͺʹǡͺͺ ͻͷǡͳ
Elektrownie na biomas¸
Biomase power plants ͳͺǡͺͲ ʹ͵ͺǡͺͲ ʹͷͷǡͶͲ ʹ͵ʹǡͲͲ ʹͷʹǡͶͻ ͵ͷǡͳͻ ͵Ͳͻǡͺ
Elektrownie wiatrowe
Wind power plants ͺ͵ǡ͵Ͳ ͳͷʹǡͲͲ ʹͺǡͻͲ ͶͷͳǡͲͲ ʹͶǡͺ ͳͳͺͲǡʹ ͳͶͺͻǡʹ
Elektrownie wodne
Water power plants ͻʹʹǡͲͲ ͻ͵ͳǡͲͲ ͻ͵ͶǡͺͲ ͻͶͲǡͷ ͻͶͷǡʹͲ ͻ͵ǡͲͶ ͻͶͻǡͲͳ
O¦cznie
Total ͳʹʹǡͳͲ ͳ͵ͷͺǡͲ ͳͷʹ͵ǡͺͲ ͳͺǡͳͺ ͳͻͻ͵ǡͻͻ ʹͷͷǡͶʹ ʹͺͺͶǡʹ͵
ǣϐ 06.09.2011 r.
ͻ Ȉ ǡ Ȉϐ Ā×ϸǦ Ñ ǡ Ȉ ¸ × Ǧ ¸ ȋ Ă Ï Ǥ ǡ× ǤȌǤ ¸Ǥ ȋʹͲͲͶȌ ¦¦ Ǧ Ïä©ǡĂǦ Ā×ÏȂä©Ǥ ä©× Ǥ ¸ × ¦ Ǧ ¸ ¦ ¦ ¸¸Ǧ ä ȋȌǡצ©Ǧ ÏǤ ä× ×¦ Ǧ ×Ă©Ăǣ Ȉǡ Ȉä© ÏǦ ǡ Ȉ¸ ¦ǡ ȈĂä©ǡ ȈÏ ä© ¦Ǥ Ï ÑȋʹͲͲͶȌǡä×Ï× Ñ ǣ Ȉ¸ ǡ Ȉ¸ǡ Ȉ¸Ā×Ïϐǡ Ȉ¸×Ǥ Ǥ¦¸ Ǧ ¦ ǡ ¦ ¸ ϐ Ǧ Ǥ Ă × ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǧ Ǧ × ǤǦ ȋǤ ä©ǡ Ï ǡ Ȍ ¦ ǡ ¦ Ï Ǧ ¦×ǡÏ ¦¸ǤǦ ¦ ÏÑ ǡĂ Ï Ïä ¦ Ïä¦ Ǥ Ǥä× ×Ă©ĂǦ ä©ǡ ä©ǡ ¦Ïä© ×Ǧ ¸ ϐ ×Ǥ Ϧ ¦ǡ Ă Ǥ Ă × Ï× Ȉ ǡ Ȉϐ ǡ Ȉ ȋ Ǧ ǤǤ ǡ ǡ ǤȌǤ ǤȋȌȋʹͲͲͶȌ Ǥ ϐ ȂϐǦ Ǥǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǧ Ǧ ȋϐ Ȍ ϐ ȋȌǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǧ ǣ Ȉ ǡ Ȉ Ǧ ǡ Ȉ ǡ Ȉǡ Ȉ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲͶȌǡ ȋȌǣ Ȉ ǡ Ȉ ǡ Ȉ ǡ Ȉ Ǧ ǡ ϐ Ǧ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǧ ǡǡǡ ϐ Ǧ Ǥ ȋǤǤ ǡ ǡ Ǧ Ȍ ǡ Ǧ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǧ ϐ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ
Ͳ ǡ × ÏǦ Ïä Ǥ Ǧ Ă©ǡĂ ¸ Ă ȋ ʹͲͳ͵ Ǧ ȌǤ
Inwestycje OZE na poziomie regionalnym – szanse i bariery ¦ Ǧ Ï ǡ¦ ¸ Ǧ Ïǡ Ǧ Ï Ǥ¦ Ă Ǧ ¦ ÏϐǦ Ă ǡ ×Ă ¦äǤ ¦Ǧ ǡ Ï ǡ ä©ǡ Ï ǤĂä Ǥ Ă Ǧ Ǥä Ǥ Ǧ × Ȃ ¦ǤǤ Ï ¸ǡ Ă ¸ Ǧ ¦ ä Ǥ ǡ ¸ Ϧ Ă Ǥ Ïǡ Ǧ צ×ĂȋĂǡ Ï Ï ä Ȍ Ǥä× Ǧ ǡĂ ×Ǧ ×Ă×Ă©ĂǦ Ñ Ñ ä Ǥ ¸ ʹͲͲͲǡ ǡ Ǧ ǡ Ǥ¸ × © ¸¦ Ï ǡ Ă Ǧ Ă ʹͷͲͲ Ăä© Ǥ ¦¦Ă¸© Ï Ǧ Ǧ Ï ä Ǥä©ĂǡĂ×Ï ä Ā×Ï ǡ ¸ Ǧ Ă Ă Ǥ Ϧ ä ¦ ¦ Ă Ā×ÏǦ ¦ǡ¦ ×Ǥ ä© ¸Ï ¦ ¸ ȋǤǦ ȌǤÏĀʹͲͳ͵ǡ ͺͻΨ× Ï©¸ ǡ ͲΨ ¦ × ǡ Ǧ Ǥ ϐ Ǧ ȋʹͲͳ͵ ȌǤ
Investments in RES at the local level – chances and barriers ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǧ ϐ ǡ ǡǡ Ǥǡ ǡ ǣǡǡǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǧ ǡǤǤǤϐ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ Ǧ ϐ ǡ Ǧ Ǧ Ǥǡ ȋ ǡ Ȍ Ǥ ǡ ǡǦ ǡǤǤ Ǧ ʹͲͲͲǡ Ǧ ǡ ǡǡ Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǧ ʹͷͲͲ Ǥ ϐ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ǡ ϐ ǡǦ Ǥǡ ȋǤǤ ȌǤ ȋ Ȍ ʹͲͳ͵ǡͺͻΨǦ ǡͲΨ
ͳ Ā×ÏǤ¸ Ā×Ï ͳͺΨǡ¦ͳΨǤǦ ʹͲͳ͵ǡ Ā×Ï ȋ͵Ͳ ΨȌ ÏÑ ȋʹͺΨȌ¸ȋͳͺΨȌǤÏ ä© Ï Ï Ǧ Ā×ÏȋǤʹͲͲͺȌǤ× Ï ää ǡ Ï Ǧ Ǥ Ï ©ǡ¦ Ǧ Ï ¸Ǥ¸Ǧ ©Ă×Ï Ǧ Ǥä×Ï× ×Ă© Ïǡ × ǡÏ Ǧ ä ä Ǧ ¦ ǤÏ ĂǦ ȋÏ Ǧ ȌÏ ¦ Ǧ ϐ×Ï Ǥ Ï ¸ Ϧ © Ñ × Ǧ Ï Ï©ĂǤ ĂǡĂ Ă Ï ǡ Ï ǤĀ×Ϧ Ï©¸Ï Ǧ Ǥ ÏǦ © Ă ĂĂǡ ä Ǧ ǡ Ϧ ¸ ¦ǡ Ăä ¦ Ï ä© ¦ × Ǥ Ă ×Ă © ǡ Ï Ǧ ¦ Ǧ æ×ǡ ¸Ǧ ¦ Ǥ ǡ Ñ ¦ ǡ ×ø ä©Ǥ ϦÏȂÏĂ Ǧ ×ǤǦ Ï ää© ¦Ï ä Ǥ ȋʹͲͲͶȌ¸¸Ǧ ¦ ø ǣ ȈȀ ǡ Ȉ ×ǡ Ȉ ϐǡ Ȉäǡ Ȉ ȋĂǦ ȌǤ Ǥ ǡ ͳͺΨ ͳΨ Ǥ ʹͲͳ͵ǡȋ͵ͲΨȌǡȋʹͺΨȌȋͳͺΨȌ ϐ Ǥ Ǧ ȋǡʹͲͲͺȌǤ Ǧ ϐ Ǧ Ǥ Ǧ ϐ ϐ ǡ Ǧ Ǥ Ǥ ǣǡ Ǧ ǡ Ǧ Ǧ Ǥ ϐ ǡ ǡ ȋ Ȍ ϐ Ǧ Ǥ ǡ Ǧ Ǥ ǡ ϐǤ Ǧ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǧ Ǧ ǣ ǡ Ǧ ǡ ϐ Ǥ ǡ Ǧ Ȃ Ǧ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǧ ǡ Ǧ Ǥ Ǧ Ȃ ǤǦ ϐ Ǥ ϐ ȋʹͲͲͶȌǣ ȈȀ ǡ Ȉ ǡ Ȉ ǡ Ȉǡ Ȉ ȋ Ǧ Ȍ
ʹ ×Ă© Ă ä ǡǣ Ȉ ää Ï ä ǡ Ȉ× Ǧǡ Ȉ ä Ǧ ǡ Ȉä ϐȋÏ ä ȋʹΨä Ȍ Ï Ï Ȍ Ȃ ×ǡĂ ǡ¦Ǧ ¸ ä ǡ Ȉ ǡ Ȉ¦¸ × ȋǤ Ăä© ¦Ă × ǡ Ȍǡ Ȉ Ȃ ¸ Ñ ǡ × Ă ¦© Ā×ÏǤ ϐ Ǧ ä ¸¦ǣ Ȉ¸ Ϧ ǡ ȋ Ȍ Ȉ¸ ¦ ǡ Ȉǡ ȈÏ ä©ǡ ȈÑǤ ×Ă ǡ Ïǡ ȋ ʹͲͳ͵ȌǤ ÏĂ© Ǧ ×ä æǤ Ǧ ǡÏ Ǧ ¦ ¸ ǡ ǡ Ï Ă Ï ¦Ǥ ǡ¸¦ ¦ ¸Ǧ ä ¦ ǡ©Ǧ Ï ÑǦ ¦× Ǥ ¸ ¸© ×Ă Ǧ Ǥ ¸ǡĂ×ĂǦ ȋ ʹͲͳ͵ȌǤ ǡ × ǡ Ă × ¸ ȋǤ ¸Ǧ Ȍǡ Ǧ ¦ ¦Ǥ ä ¸Ǧ Ñ Ă ä Ǥ ¸ Ăä©Ñ ׸×ä ×ȂÏȂ¦ĀÏ Ǥ ǯǡ Ǧ ϐǡ ǣ Ȉ ǡ Ȉ ǡ Ȉ ǡ Ȉ ϐ ȋ ȋʹΨȌ ȌȂǦ ϐ Ǧ Ȉǡ Ȉ ȋǤǤǦ ǡ Ȍǡ Ȉ Ȃ ǡ ǡ ϐ ǣ Ȉǡȋ ǡ Ȍǡ Ȉǡ Ȉ ǡ Ȉ ǡ Ȉ ǡ ǡ ȋ ʹͲͳ͵ȌǤ Ǥ ǡϐ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǧ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ȋ ʹͲͳ͵ȌǤ ǡ ǡ ȋǤǤȌǡ Ǥ Ǥǡ Ǧ Ǧ Ǧ ȂǤ