HUMANISTYKA I PRZYRODOZNAWSTWO 20 Olsztyn 2014
Walentyn N. Wandyszew Narodowy Agrarny Uniwersytet w Sumach
(Ukraina)
COBPEMEHHAfl nOHMTMHECKAfl PMTOPMKA:
MrHOPMPOBAHME CMblCHOB KAK CTPEMHEHME BHACTBOBATb
Contemporary Political Rhetoric:
Ignoring the Meanings as the Desire to Dominate Współczesna retoryka polityczna:
ignorowanie znaczenia j
S ł o w a k l u c z o w e : retoryka polityczna, władze bankowe i ekonomiczne, polityka, zna
czenia, siła komunikacji, siła korporacji, władza konceptualna, protesty, rewolucja.
S t r e s z c z e n i e
Retoryka polityczna jako środek wpływania na masy leży u podstaw właściwie każdej orga
nizacji politycznej - niezależnie od przydzielo
nych jej zadań. Bieżąca sytuacja ukazuje obec
ne na świecie sprzeczności objawiające się w masowych akcjach protestacyjnych. Przyczy
ną tych konfrontacji są olbrzymie nierówności w podziale środków oraz zdolności finanso
wych. Wobec nadmiernego bogactwa nielicz
nych niepokoi sytuacja milionów biednych lu
dzi, stąd też retoryczne osobliwości w polityce są typowe dla apologetów dominujących sił w krajach o odmiennych systemach politycz- nych.Szczególnie dobrze to widać w retoryce graczy politycznych podczas kampanii wybor
czych. Kładą oni nacisk na problemy, których nie uważają za najważniejsze, ale traktują opor- tunistycznie. Chociaż krytykują władzę poli
tyczną jako całość, to nie podejmują kwestii re-
ko pragnienie dominacji
K e y w o r d s : political rhetoric, banking and economic power, politic, meanings, power, communication, corporative power, conceptual power, protest actions, revolution.
A b s t r a c t
Political rhetoric as a means of influencing the masses lies at the core of practically every political organization, regardless of the assigned tasks.
The situation today shows the contradic
tions in the world, manifested in mass protest actions. The reason for confrontation - an enor
mous inequality in the distribution of resources and financial capacity among humans. Against excessive wealth alarming is the situation of many hundreds of millions of poor people.
Hence, political rhetoric peculiarities, which are characteristic for apologists dominant power in countries with different political regimes. Par
ticularly clearly visible are the rhetoric of poli
tical players during the election campaign. Em
phasis on something they do not explicitly paramount, but opportunistic. Criticism do not avoid of political power, in its entirety, but in
formowania uprawnień banków w sektorze kor
poracyjnym, zniesienia monopolu państwowego na pobór podatków czy tajemnicy bankowej oraz walki z korupcją. Co prawda mówi się o zmianie zapisów konstytucyjnych, ale w odle
głej przyszłości. Nie wspomina się natomiast o potrzebie stworzenia nowego systemu infra
struktury społecznej.
Przedstawiciele władzy konceptualnej w za
ciszu swoich gabinetów tworzą nowe koncepcje i znaczenia, nowe marki, udzielają rekomenda
cji władzom politycznym, ekonomicznym i ban
kowym, tworzą „idoli teatru”. Ponieważ nie przyczynia się to do wzrostu ich wiarygodności, niechętnie mówią o sile informacji i komunika
cji wykorzystywanej przez ideologię. W tle rze
czywistych problemów i pomijanych treści poja
wia się coraz bardziej dojmująca potrzeba nowego, o wiele bardziej otwartego świata, pod
stawowych koncepcji i pojęć, które kiełkują w umysłach myślącej części rodzaju ludzkiego.
Trzeba na to jednak jeszcze poczekać w obliczu retoryki jako zjawiska masowego.
their speeches is no question of reforming cor
porate banking authorities, the abolition of the state monopoly on the collection of taxes, bank secrecy, providing survivability corruption. If talking about constitutional reform legislation in the distant future. Do not talk about the need to create a new system of social infrastructure of society.
Topics are closed conceptual power, who
se representatives in quiet offices create new ideas and meanings, new brands, make recom
mendations political and banking and economic power, are at the origin of the adoption of new regulations form the “idols of the theater”. Did not cause the speakers authorities reluctantly speak about the power of information and com
munication, its hosts and ideology.
On the background of the existing problems and omissions of material becomes more acute need for a new much more open world, the ba
sic ideas and meanings which germinate in the minds of the thinking part of mankind. But whi
le this rhetoric, as a mass phenomenon, not yet.
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KOHuenTyaabHOH BaacTH. BnpoaeM, He HcKaroaeHo, h t o MHorHe H3 BaacTB npeflep^a^H x h noHaTHa He HMeroT o TaKoa BaacTH. Ba^Ho, h t o HeMHorHe cB ea y ^ H e b 3t o m flea e yMeroT pa3aHHaTB aKTHBHBix npeflcTaBHTeaea KoHpenTyaaBHon BaacTH cpeflH Maccw HMHfl^MemepoB, noaHTTexHoaoroB, KoMMeHTaropoB h aHaaHTHKoB, xoTa o h h He raaBHBie HrpoKH. A BeflB HMeHHo npeflcTaBHTeaH KoHpem yaaBHoM BaacTH co3flaroT HoBMe HfleH h cMHcau, HoBMe SpeHflM, flaroT peKoMeHflapHH noaHTHHecKoa h SaHKoBcKo-3KoHoMH- HecKon BaacTH, cToaT y h c t o k o b npHHaTHa h o b m x npaBoBMX HopM. B cBoe BpeMa OpeHcHc Eb k o h HMeHHo b 3t o m cMMcae nHcaa o6 «Hfloaax TeaTpa».
3flecB peHB HfleT o BaacTH Hafl oS^ecTBoM caM oa KoHpenpHH b $opM e coBoKynHocTH Hflea, BBipa^aro^HX peaH ^H3HH oS^ecTBa, nyTH h cpeflcTBa h x
flocTH^eHHa, HocHTeaeM k o t o p m x oco3HaHHo HaH HeBoaBHo aBaaeTca caMo oS^ecTBo, 6e3oTHocHTeaBHo k ToMy, ecTB aH b oS^ecTBe KoHpem yaaBHo BaacTHBie aroflH h cKoaBKo h x ecTB. OaeBHflHo, h t o b noflaBaaro^eM SoaB- mHHcTBe cBoeM oS^ecTBo cocTaBaaroT KoHpemyaaBHo HecocToaTeaBHMe 3aao^HHKH Tex HaH h h m x KoHpenpHH.
noHaTHo, h t o cnHcoK h o b m x KoHpenToB, oTBeaaro^Hx flyxy BpeMeHH
h noTpeÓHocTaM oS^ecTBa, BaeaeT 3a coSoa HoBMe ^H3HeHHBie oTHomeHHa, HoBoe noHHMaHHe 3THo-HapHoHaaBHBix, KoH^eccHoHaaBHMx h aKcHoaorH- HecKHx H3MeHeHHH, Bo3BoflHMMx b H3BecraoH Mepe b MeflHa, b paHr anpHopHMx xapaKTepoB. CnHcoK KoHpenryaaBHBix nepcom ^eM HHKeM h HHKorfla He Mo^er
6m t b 3aKpMT, a noceMy HrpaeT Ba^Hyro poaB b pa3BHTHH h nepeMeHax KaK
^Haoco^HH, TaK h b oS^eKyaBiypHoM npocrpaHcTBe b peaoM.
B HcTopHKo-^Haoco^cKoM cMMcae KoHpenT KaK HHHoBapHoHHaa Hflea coflep^HT b ce6e 3HaHHTeaBHBiH TBopaecKHH noTeHpHaa h KpearHBHBiH cMBica.
H3 HccaefloBaHHH cy^H ocr a h h c t o p h h KoHpenra, KoHeHHo, HaHSoaee ^yHfla- MeHTaaBHoa aBaaeTca paSoTa ^ H a a fleae3a h OeaHKca rBarrapH4. Ab t o p m
yTBep^flaroT: „^Haoco^Ha - He npocro HcKyccTBo ^opMHpoBarB, H3oSpeTarB HaH ^ e H3roTaBaHBaTB KoHpenTBi, hSo KoHpenTM - 3t o He oSa3aTeaBHo ^opMBi, HaxoflKH HaH npoflyKTM. ToHHee SyfleT cKa3aTB, h t o ^Haoco^Ha - flHcpHnaHHa, cocroa^aa b TBopaecTBe k o h upoto b [...] Tb o p h t b Bce HoBMe KoHpenTBi - TaKoB
4 ^ . ^ e a e 3 , ® . T B a T T a p a , ¥ m o maKoe (punoco(puH?, n e p c $ p . C . H . 3 e H K H H a , H H O T H T yT 3 K c n e p 0 M e H T a a B H o f i c o q0o a o r00; A a e T e a a , C n S . 1 9 9 8 , 2 8 6 c .
CoepeuemaH nojiumunecKcw pumopuKa: uznopupoeanue cMucnoe... 3 9 1
npeflMeT ^m o c o^h h. nocKoaBKy KOHpenT flo a ^ e H Sbitb coTBopeH, oh cBa3aH c ^aao co ^ O M KaK HeaoBeKOM, KoropBiń oSaaflaeT hmb noreHpHH, y KOToporo ecTB flaa 3Toro noreHpHa h MacTepcTBO. H a 3to HeaB3a BO3pa^aTB, hto o «TBopecTBe»
oSbihho roB opaT npHMeHHTeaBHO k HyBctbeHHBiM B e^aM h k HCKyccTBaM, - HCKyccTBo ^ H a o c o ^ a c o o S ^ a e T cy^ecTBO BaH H e T aK ^ e h yMCTBeHHBiM c y ^ H o c ra M , a ^H aoco^C K H e KOHpenTBi T0^ e cyTB
sensibilia.
CoScTBeHHo, HayKH, HCKyccTBa h ^ H ao co ^ H H HMeroT paBHO TBopHecKHń xapaKTep, npocTO OflHa aHmB ^ a a o c o ^ H a cnocoS H a tbophtb KOHpenTBi b CTporoM CMBicae caoBa.KoHpenTM He ^ f l y r Hac y ^ e totobbimh, HanofloSHe HeSecHBix Tea. y kohuphtob
He SwBaeT HeSec. H x flo a^H o H3oSpeTaTB, H3roTaBaHBaTB HaH, cKopee, tboph tb,
h Se3 noflnHCH coTBopHBmero ohh hhhto” 5.
C oflep^aH H e h CMBica npHBefleHHoń BBime pHTaTBi no3BoaaeT npoacHHTB
b 3HaHHTeaBHOH Mepe tot $aKT, hto caM ^eHOMeH KOHpenTOTBopnecTBa He ho b. y ^ e O pH flpH x H H p m e HacTaHBaa Ha to m, ^ H a o c o ^ B i flo a * H H He npocTO npHHHMaTB flaHHMe HM KOHpenTM, HToSbI HHCTHTB HX H HaBOflHTB Ha HHX aOCK.
H anpoTH B, ^ H a o c o ^ flo a ^ e H caM hx npoH3BOflHTB, t b o p h t b, yTBep^flaTB
h ySe^flaTB arofleń hm h noaB3OBaTBca.
B hctophoco^ckom CMBicae KOHpenTyaaBHaa BaacTB - 3to c ^ e p a BaHaHHa
„BaacTHTeaeń flyM” , 3to BaacTB arofleń, cnocoSHBix oSm py^H BaTB aKTyaaBHBie npoSaeM M , HaMenaTB p eaH , BBipaSaTBiBaTB KOHpenpHH flocTH ^eH H a HaMe- HeHHMX p e a e ń h BHeflpaTB hx b n p o p e c c ynpaB aeH H a ^H3HBro o S ^ ec T B a . B c ^ e p e peaHrHH TaKHe aroflH - aHHHOCTH xapH3MaTHHecKHe. HcTopHa noKa- 3WBaeT, KaK ocM BicaeHHO-peaecoo6pa3Haa fleaTeaBHOCTB B cero aHmB oflHoro HeaoBeKa M o^eT 0Ka3BiBaTB BO3fleńcTBHe Ha flaaB H eńm ee TeaeHHe coSw thh b raoSaaBH Bix M acm TaSax Ha npoTa^eH H H BeKOB h TBicaHeaeTHń (M oH ceń, n H ^ a r o p , ApHCTOTeaB, HHcyc, MyxaMMefl).
D) Ectbh e ^ e OflHa BaacTB, 0 KOTopoń 3HaroT, 0 KOTopoń HacTO roBopaT KaK O HeTBepTOń BaaCTH - 3T0 HH^OpMapHOHHO-KOMMyHHKapHOHHaH BaacTB, npeflCTaBHTeaH KOTopoń BaafleroT HaH KOHTpoaHpyroT cpeflCTBa M accoB oń HH^opMapHH h HHTepHeT. B 3Toń HacTH h fleń cT B y ro ^aa BaacTB, h onno3H- pHOHHMe noaHTHKH He CTecHaroTca b cpeflCTBax h BBipa^eH H ax, BcaHecKH CTpeMacB noKa3aTB ko3h h h npoHCKH npoTHBHoń ctopohm, xoTa flaaBm e npH- BBIHHOń KpHTHKH He HflyT, Ha3BIBaa MeflHa BaaCTH npOfla^HMMH H a^HBMMH.
HeCOMHeHHO, pa3BHTHe HH^OpMapHOHHOrO M eHefl^M eHTa H KOMMyHH- KapHOHHMx T exH oaorH ń - OflHa H3 raaBHMx npHHHH copH aaB H oro h KyaB- T ypH oro n p o r p e c c a , xoTa p acnpocT paH eH H e HH^opM apHH h flocTOBepHBix 3HaHHń - 3T0 He OflHO H TO ^ e . n o Mepe Toro, KaK HH^OpMapHa CTaHOBHTCa KaroHeBMM TOBapOM HOBOń 3K0H0MHKH, a MHp TOHeT B oKeaHe xaoTHHeckhx
HH^opMapHOHHMx cH rH aaoB, Bce SoaB m yro peHHocTB npH oSpeT aeT c y ^ e -
5I b i d e m , c. 1 4 - 1 5 .
CTBeHHoe h 3KCKnro3HBHoe 3HaHHe, KOTopoe Mo^eT Sb i t b nonepnHyTo H3 noTOKa HH^opMapHH. CeropHH BcecoKpymaro^HH HH^opMapHoHHBiń noToK He CTpyKTy- pHpoBaH h He oTcopTHpoBaH. M o^ h o npepnono^HTt, h t o TpeBora yneHBix
h HccnepoBaTeneń, 3aHHTBix npoSneMoń cHcTeMaTH3apHH 3HaHHń o MepHa,
b KaKoń-To cTeneHH cBH3aHa c oco3HaHHeM Toro, KaK cp en aT t noToK HH^opMapHH h c t o h h h k o m 3HaHHH, a He 3aSny^peHHń. Hm a p en t y BnacTHMX no^HTHKoB, KoTopwe 3KcnnyaTHpyroT nnropanroM b cBoeKopwcTHMX penax.
Bh p h cKnapBiBaro^yroca TeHpeHpHro, nana nHń XII e ^ e b 1950 r. 3aMem n: „He SypeT npeyBe^HHeHHeM cKa3aTB, h t o Sypy^ ee coBpeMeHHoro oS ^ ecraa h cra-
Sh h b h o c t b ero BHyTpeHHeń ^ h3h h 3aBHcaT b 3HaHHTentHoń cTeneHH o t coxpa- HeHHH paBHoBecHH M e^py M o^tro TexHHHecKHx cpepcTB KoMMyHHKapHH
h cnocoSHocTtro HenoBeKa k HHpHBHpyantHoń peaKpHH”6.
Ho rpe KpHTepHH pa3nHHeHHH none3Hoń HH^opMapHH o t nneBen h menyxH,
o t BBopa^eń b 3aSjiy^peHHe nponaraHpBi? B npe^HHe BpeMeHa annapaT BnacTH, a ToTanHTapHo-pecnoTHHecKHH b ocoSeHHocTH, orpaHHHHBan HH^op- MapHro peroypoń. A HBiHemHHń annapaT BnacTH, Bnacrnaa BepxymKa peMoKpa-
t h h, aKTHBHo cnocoScTByeT 3anonHeHHro Bcex KaHanoB MepHa noToKaMH t o
npoTHBopeHHBoń, t o n on p ocT y SeccBH3Hoń HH^opMapHH, 3$$eKTHBHo poSHBaact Toro ^ e pe3y.ntTaTa. Ha cMeHy o p h h m ^aKTaM TyT ^ e noaBnaroTca onpoBepraro^He h x ppyrHe. 3 t o t cneKTaKnt pna Macc npH3BaH BBi r aapeTt
^H3Hecnoco6Hoń peMoKpam eń, h b h h h c b no cyTH co3Hare.ntHoń cTpaTerHeń noppep^aHHH KoHTpona Hap oS^ecraoM.
CoBpeMeHHMe MepHa Hcnont3yroT 3HaHHTentHoe h h c h o 3KcnepToB, KoHcyntTaHToB h aHa^HTHKoB, Boopy^eHHMx HacTontKo SontmHM KonHHe c t b o m
HH^opMapHH, h t o HHcTHTyT ceMtH, BocnHTaHHe peTeń, ^opMHpoBaHHe y h h x
TpypoBMx HaBMKoB, cHcTeMa oSpa3oBaHHH h nponaa h n pon aa, „apry- MeHTHpoBaHo poKa3WBaeTca” ceropHH c npoTHBonono^HBix no3HpHń, BBi3BiBaa y aypHTopHH coMHeHHH h cMHTeHHe. TaKHM oSpa3oM, neperoSbrroK HH^opMapHH
h HcKa^eHHe cMBiona TecHo Me^py coSoń cBH3aHBi, h b^h h c b pBynHKHM HHycoM HMHemHHx MepHa.
HMHemHee oS^ecTB o - oS^ecTB o HH^opMapHoHHoe, a xapaKTepHMM npH3HaKoM nepexopa o t KanHTanH3Ma k HH^opMapHoHHoMy o S ^ e cr ay aBnaeTca o S ^ a a MepHanroapHH. C nnropanroapHeń cpepcTB MaccoBoń HH^opMapHH,
c p o c t o m peKnaMHoń HHpycTpHH, oSpa^eH H oń k oSmHpHoń aypHTopHH,
cpepcTBa MaccoBoń HH^opMapHH 3a^H^H cB oeń coScTBeHHoń ^H3Htro,
^opMHpya ocHoBaHHe pna HoBoń BnacTHoń cTpyKTypM, h c r a m Bce Sontm e npHoSpeTaTt xapaKTepHcTHKH napapHrMM HH^opMapHoHHoro oS ^ ecraa h ero npaBH^ero Knacca - HeToKpaTHH7. n o cm n tK y ^ e Macc-MepHa cTpeMHmct
6 Cm.: r.M. MaKnro3H, noHUMtmue Medua. Bnewnue pactuupenuH uejioeeKa, ^yKoBcKHń:
„KAHOH-npecc-U” ; „KyHKoBo none”, MocKBa 2003, c. 26.
7 A. Eapp, Hh. 3opepKBHcT, HemoKpamun, CnS. 2004, c. 71.
CoepeuemaH nojiumunecKcw pumopuKa: uznopupoeanue cMucnoe... 3 9 3
b nepByro OHepeflB H3SaBHTBca ot flaBreHHa norHTHKOB, H3SpaHHBiX HapoflOM,
to OHH h cflerarH 3thx caMMX norHTHKOB rraBHOH MHmeHBro cBoeń aTaKH,
„flOKa3BiBaa”, htobfleHcTBHTerBHocTH flOBepHe 3reKTopara kcbohmH3SpaHHHKaM He3HaHHTenBHo. TaK BBiSpaHHBie norHTHKH npeflcrarH nepefl H3SHparereM KaK rpynna KoppyMnHpoBaHHMX flerBpoB, ycrpaHBaro^HX rHmB cBoe SraronoryHHe.
y Ka^floro Hapofla cBoa BepcHa 3Toro MH^a: aMepHKaHcKHe norHTHKH - 3TO, KaK npaBH.ro, HeBepHBie My^Ba; eBponeHcKHX norHTHKOB bochobhom yrm aroT
b MaxHHapHax c KpeflHTHBiMH KapTOHKaMH h yKTOHeHHH ot yn aarn HaroroB;
yKpaHHcKHX nOrHTHKOB - B npHcBOeHHH Srofl^eTHMX cpeflcTB, BO r^H H npo-
^eccHOHarBHOH HecocToaTerBHocTH: 3flecB Bcerfla bhhobhbi„npeflmecTBeHHHKH”
(yKp.:
nonepedmKu
).nocToaHHo TBepfla o6 3tom npeflnoraraeMOM npe3peHHH k norHTHKaM, MeflHa npoH3BerH Ha cBeT MeflHa-^eHOMeH, a oS^ecraeHHoe MHeHHe nonaro nofl BrHaHHe cTepeoTHnoB, cKOHcTpyHpoBaHHBiX h c^opMHpoBaHHBiX cpeflcTBaMH MaccOBOH HH^OpMapHH. norHTHKH cTarH npOH3BOflHTeraMH, H36HpaTerH - noTpeSHTeraMH, a caMH MeflHa npHcBOHrH ce6e porB KyparopoB norHTHHecKOH apeHM, h, TaKHM o6pa3OM, ocy^ecrararoT TOTarBHBiH KOHTporB Hafl norHTHHeckhmh npopeccaMH b HH^opMapHOHHOM oS^ecTBe, b norHOM cOOTBeTcTBHH c npHHpHnaMH HeTOKpaTHH. npOH3OmrO TaK, HTO BcaKHH norHTHK TenepB He S o ree HeM yracTHHK nocraHOBKH, cpeHapHH KOTopoH HanHcaH b KopHflopaX MeflHa-HMnepHH, npH 3tom HeflOBepHe h npe3peHHe
knorHTHKaM ecTB ocHOBHaa Hflea 3Toro airpaKpHOHa, htoXopomo npocMarpH- BaeTca b norHTHHecKHX Teremoy Ha yKpaHHcKHX TereKaHaraX.
O BrHaHHH TereBHfleHHa Ha ^opMHpoBaHHe oS^ecTBeHHoro MHeHHa mo^ho
cyflHTB no pe3yrBTaTaM copHororHHecKoro onpoca, npoBefleHHoro KMHC
b KOHpe aHBapa 2 0 1 4 r. Pe3yrBTaTM o n p o c a noKa3arH, hto o c h o b h b im h
HcTOHHHKaMH HH^opMapHH aBraroTca TereBHfleHHe - 94%, HmepHeT - 40%, flpy3Ba, coceflH, poflcTBeHHHKH - 42%, MecTHoe perHOHarBHoe TereBHfleHHe - 37%. OS^eHapHOHarBHBie hMaccoBBie peraoHarBHBie neaaTHBie H3flaHHa He flOTarHBaroT hflo 20%, a TeX, kto HHTepHeTOM He norB3yeTca - 37%.
HcKa^eHHe cmbiotob norHTHKaMH b cpeflcTBaX MaccOBOH HH^opMapHH ocoSeHHo XapaKTepHo flra crpaH c oTHocHTerBHOH cBoSoflOH croBa b ycroBHaX craSoH fleMOKpaTHH, rfle norHTHKaM HeoSXOflHMo xotbH3peflKa oSBacHaTBca no nOBOfly MOTHBOB cBOHX fleHcTBHH. B 3TOH cHTyapHH OHeBHflHO, HTO HeM SorBme BracTH, TeM SorBme oTKpoBeHHOH r^H , TeM SorBme Ha croBaX nporoBa- pHBaeTca BepHoctb npHHpHnaM h HHcTOTa noMBicroB. 3pHTerH h crymarerH BocnpHHHMaroT cMBicr croB TaKHX norHTHKOB Ha ypoBHe noflco3HaHHa.
HanpHMep, Korfla norHTHK yTBep^flaeT Ha SHrSopflaX h npoBO3rramaeT c 3KpaHOB TereBH3OpOB, HTO BMcmHMH peHHOcTaMH B yKpaHHe ecTB „eflHHeHHe”
(yKp.:
coóopnocmb
) h „cBoSofla”, a b 3to BpeMa npH noflflep^Ke BracTHBiX opraHOB npoHcXOflaT apecTBi rrofleń hpacmarBiBaerca perocTHocTB rocyflapcTBa,to b co3HaHHH pepHnHeHTa ^opMHpyeTca npeflcTaBaeHHe o ^aaBcH^HKapHH CMMcna caoBa, npoHcxoflHT peBaaBBapna npHBBiHHBix peHHocTeH. Ho mo^ct
TaK craTBca, hto peaaBHO oSMaHBiBaa ppyrax, noaHTHK oSMaHBiBaeTca caM, eMy Ka^eTca, hto oh oto y ^ e fleaaeT, oh BepHT b oto h oSH^aeTca, Korpa ero yamaroT b ^aaBmH. Hy, npHMepHO TaK, KaK oto npoHcxoflHao c XaecraKOBBiM, H3BecTHMM nepcom ^eM roroaeBcKoro
Peeu3opa.
B otom cMBicae Hapo OTflaTB poa^Hoe MeflHa, xo3aeBa KOTopwx h mTarHBie Bepy^He TeaeBH3HOHHBix nporpaMM ycnemHO BO3peMcTByroT Ha yMBi h cepppa 3HaHHTenBHOH HacTH 3pHTeHBcKOH ayflHTOpHH, ^OpMHpyroT HeoSxOflHMMe o6pa3W
h cooTBeTcTByro^He cmmchm. noHaTHO, hto KOMMyHHKapHa MO^eT npoflBHraTB HOBMe cmhcah tohbko npH oTcyTcTBHH peroypBi. Ho HMHemHHe MeflHa, noflBaacTHBie TBoppaM hobbix KOHpenTOB h cmbiotob b flyxe He3pHMBix otpob
HeTOKpaTHH, y ^ e 3axBamaH MHorHe KOMaHflHBie bbicotbi oS^ecTBeHHOH ^h3hh. HBrnemHaa peH3ypa Bce SoaBme opHeHTHpoBaHa He Ha SaoKHpoBaHHe KaKoro-TO cooS^eHHa hhh copep^aHHa, a Ha npopBH^eHHe TaKHx cooS ^chhhhcmbiotob, KOTopwe QHnraTQT noTpeSHTeaa bo3mo^hocth npoaHaaH3HpoBaTB peMcTBHa B SaHKOBO-OKOHOMHHecKOH H HH^pacTpyKTypHOH c^epax oS^ecTBeHHOH ^H3HH.
OcraeTca npepnoao^HTB, hto peaB OToro npopecca - cay^HTB HHTepecaM Macc-MeflHa. AaeKcaHflp Eapp h ^h 3oflepKBHcT nopaepKHBaroT, hto Te, kto
3aHHMaeT BaacTHBie no3HpHH BHyTpH MeflHa-HMnepHH, He Ha3HaaaroTca HapoflOM (HHTepecw KOToporo ohh SecnpecTaHHo oTcTaHBaroT), b otthhhc ot
nO-THTHKOB. MeflHa-pyKOBOflHTeaH H3ÓHparoTca BHyTpH coScTBeHHBix KpyrOB, T^aTenBHO OTÓHparoTca b ppy^ecK H x r p y n n a x h noayaaroT 3apaHHe oScny^HBaTB 3aKpBiTBie ao^H h rHaBflHH HeTOKpaTHH. B cepflpeBHHe caMoro HacToa^ero KpH3Hca peMOKparHH HaxoflHTca HeTOKpamaecKoe npepcTaBaeHHe O TaHHOH, HeBHflHMOH BaacTH8.
TaKHM o6pa3OM, aHaaH3 copHaaBHO-OKOHOMHaecKHx h noaHTHaecKHx npopeccoB, npoHcxopa^Hx b coBpeMeHHOM raoSaaH3OBaHHOM HH^opMapHOHHOM MHpe, noKa3WBaeT pocTaTOHHo raySoKoe hccootbctctbhc caoBa h cMBicaa, BBi3BaHHoe cTpeMaeHHeM BaacTHBix cTpyKTyp coxpaHHTB cBoro BaacTB. CoBpe- MeHHaa noaHTHaecKaa pHTopHKa onpefleaeHHO xapaKTepH3yeTca, c OflHOH cto- poHM, cTpeMaeHHeM ckpbitb peaBiń pap oSbckthbhbix ^aKTopoB h cySteKTOB BaacTH, peaaBHO BaHaro^Hx Ha pa3BHTHe h ^yHKpHOHHpoBaHHe rocypapcTBeHHBix
h HaprocypapcTBeHHMx oSpa3OBaHHH, a c flpyroH ctopohm, ySeflHTB rpa^paH
b cTpeMaeHHH BaacTH oTcraHBaTB b oS^ecTBe npHHpHnM cnpaBepaHBocTH, cbo- SoflM h peMOKparHH. Ho TecHaa cBa3B noaHTHaecKOH pHTopHKH h noaHTHaecKOH fleaTeaBHocTH oSHapy^HBaeTca b pe3yaBrarax copHaaBHoro peMcTBHa, KOTopoe BM3MBaeT b coBpeMeHHOM MHpe Bce SoaBme npoTecTOB, peMOHcTpapHH h aKTOB HacHaHa.
8 I b i d e m , c . 7 6 .
CoepeuemaH nojiumunecKcw pumopuKa: uznopupoeanue cMucnoe... 3 9 5
Bca Macca npoTecm tix flencTBHH, nponcxopa^nx npe^pe Bcero no npnnnHe rocnoflCTByro^en b Mnpe copnanBHon HecnpaBepnnBocTn b pacnpepeneHnn MarepnanBHBix Snar, HeoSxopnMo noSy^paeT aKTHBHyro nacTB rpa^paH ncKarn nyTn BMxo^a H3 cy^ecT B yro^ero nono^eHna. EcTecTBeHHo, Ha o t o m nyTn noaBnaroTca HHHoBapnoHHMie npen. noaBnaeTca n o^ y^ eH n e Toro, h t o h o b m i h
Mnp, Ha npnxop KoToporo HaperoTca, He SypeT n p o ^ e HBrne cy^ ecrayro^ ero, KaK HMHemHnn He n p o ^ e SwBm ero n p e ^ p e . E on ee Toro, y n p o ^ e H n e npepcraBneHnn o h o b o m Mnpe Mo^eT npnBopnTB k nenoBenecKHM ^epTBaM cpepn Tex, k t o noBepnT b n p o c m e pepenTMi oSHoBneHna n nonpoSyeT nx ocy^ecTBnTB. OneBnflHo, crponTenrcTBo HoBoro Mnpa pon^Ho HannHaTBca BHyTpn nenoBeKa, b ero co3HaHnn, b ero pyme. H TaKnx nropen pon^Ho Sbit b
pocTaronHoe KonnnecTBo, h t oSmi nocTpoeHHMin h m h pyxoBHBin Mnp Mor Sb i t b
Bonno^eH KaK peanBHocTB pna ppyrnx. 3 t o t Mnp KoHpemyanBHo cno^eH, ero Moflenn Hy^paroTca b rnySoKon npopaSoTKe, n oHn ceroflHa po^paroTca BHyTpn KaKon-To y3Kon rpynnMi oS^ecTBa. EoprSa 3a h o b m h Mnp - o t o SoprSa BHyTpn ceSa, o t o SoprSa co cBonMn ycroaBranMnca cTepeoTnnaMn, npepySe^peHnaMn n npnBMHKon noBepxHocTHo cypnTB o Be^ax. H 6o no cyTn h o b m h Mnp Mo^eT noaBHTBca b nHoM MHoroMepHoM npocTpaHcTBe-BpeMeHn. H ^ h t b b h o b o m
Mnpe SypeT nHTepecHee, xoTa n cno^H ee. KaKne TaM SypyT npeoSnapaTB
h p h h o c t h, KaKaa Mopanr - ceroflHa oflHo3HanHoro oTBeTa HeT. Ho t o, h t o b o t o m
Mnpe SypeT pnTopnKa ^roHeyraep^peHna, a He BnacTHBix aMÓnpnn, h t o b o t o m
Mnpe cnoBa n c m m c b m Sypyr oflHo3HanHo coBnapaTB - o t o t o h h o. 3t o t Mnp SypeT nenoBenHMM, o h Bo3Mo^eH, ecnn b b o3m o^ h o c t b ero yBepyroT MHorne, KaK b cBoe BpeMa yBepoBann b cnny napa, b cnny oneKTpnnecTBa, b cnny aroMa.
A Bce OTn cnnM cy^ecTBeHHo n3MeHnnn Mnp. O cranocr yBepoBarr b cnny SecTenecHon npen n cpenarr ee MarepnanBHon cnnon, Bo3Bpa^aro^en, HaKoHep, nenoBeKy nenoBenecKoe.
He Mory 3aBepmnTB cTaTBro nnm r npocTMM ynoBaHneM, h o 3aBepmy npocTon KoHcTaTapnen. npepcTaBHM, h t o SaHKoBcKon TanHM He cTaHeT, SaHKoBcKne cneTa Sypyr oTKpMTMMn, - npeKparnTca Koppynpna. npepcTaBHM,
h t o Hanorn Sypyr coSnparrca Ha MecTHoM ypoBHe n ocHoBHaa Macca TaM ^ e pacxopoBarrca, - npeKpararca HeHy^HBie rnoSanBHBie npoeKTM, ^nmHcnpyeMBie rocypapcTBaMn 3a pem rn HanoronnarenB^nKoB Se3 h x cornacna. CnpaBepnnBocTB n cBoSopa oSperyr HoBMe oSpa3M, - noaBaTca HoBMe peHHocTn, a c HnMn n HoBMe KoHpenpnn SMTna. H Torpa pnTopnKa cTaHeT h h o h, b o3m o^ h o, BepHeTca k cBoeMy KnaccnnecKoMy copep^aHnro, co3paHHoMy ApncToTeneM, Se3 arpeccnn n cno- BecHon araKn.
