159 AMPHORA HANDLE STAMPS IN THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL MUSEUM IN KRAKÓW

The department of the Mediterranean Archaeo- logy of the Archaeological Museum in Kraków posses- ses twenty unpublished and one published amphora handle stamps. Twelve out of the twenty-one stamps are on the exhibition.

These handles were collected and later donated by Jarosław Sagan, the curator of the Museum before the Second World War, in which he joined the British Force in Palestine and collected archaeological materials in Egypt and Sudan.

Seven- teen out of the twenty-one stamps are from Ras el- -Soda near Alexandria in Egypt, famous for its temple of Isis built in the second century CE. One stamp is from El-Kantara, which I tentatively identify with El-Qantarah el-Sharqiyya in northern Sinai, about 50 kilometres south of Port Said.

Another stamp is also from Egypt but from unknown provenance. The other three are from unknown provenance. What follows is the catalogue of the stamps categorised according to the place of production. One stamp is Thasian, one is unidentifi ed, and the other nineteen are Rhodian.

I basically follow G. Finkielsztejn (2001) in dating the eponyms.

1

This study was made possible by generous permission given by Krzysztof Babraj of the Department of the Mediterranean Archae- ology and by kind assistance of him and Anna Drzymuchowska of the same department. The study was conducted on September 19–20, 2011, supported by the research grant of the Konosuke Matsushita Memorial Foundation.

2

For more details, see Dawson and Uphill 1995, 369–370.

MATERIAŁY ARCHEOLOGICZNE XXXIX, 2013

SHUICHI HASEGAWA

AMPHORA HANDLE STAMPS IN THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL MUSEUM IN KRAKÓW

I. Rhodian Stamp 1. MAK/AS/84

Provenance: Ras el-Soda, Egypt Date of Acquisition: 1942

Rectangular stamp (33 × 17[L]–20[R] mm); Helios head on the left

Reading: Έ[π]ì Καλ [λικ]ρα τί[δα]

The type of the head of Helios was catego-

rised into Finkielsztejn’s Style S1b (2001: 99,

Pl. IV: 61), and thus the eponym was identifi ed

with Καλλικρατίδας I, who is dated to Period IIa,

ca. 233–220 BCE. However, the publication of the

combination of this eponym in a round stamp with

cornucopia in the centre being a pair with the fabri-

cant Άριστοφάνης should correct this identifi cation

and this eponym of our stamp should be identifi ed

with Καλλικρατίδας II (Nicolaou 2005: 288–289),

and thus can be dated to ca. 175/173 BCE (Finkiel-

sztejn 2001: 192). For examples of this stamp, see

Nilsson 1909: 441, no. 265/1; Grace 1950: 144,

no. 70; Gentili 1958: 69–70; nos. 124/1–17; Le Roy 1975: 242, no. 11; Calvet 1972: 30, no. 52; Sztetyłło 1976: 46–47, nos. 102–104(a); Calvet 1978: 226, no.

26; Ariel 1990: 52, no. 197; Sztetyłło 1991: 43–45 nos. 51–58; Börker and Burow 1998: 31–32, nos.

223–245; 92, nos. 227–231; Jöhrens 1999: 27, nos.

46–47; Finkielsztejn 2001, Pls. IV: 61; Jöhrens and Il’jašenko 2001: 392–393, no. 72–75; 459, no. 130;

465, no. 161; Nicolaou 2005: 80–82, nos. 169–176;

226, no. 610; 289–290, nos. 84–86; 363, no. Ω 18;

425, no. 103(b); Sztetyłło 2010: 55–56, nos. 39–41.

2. MAK/AS/85

Provenance: Ras el-Soda, Egypt Date of Acquisition: 1942

Rectangular stamp (40 × 11 mm); anchor below the name

Reading: Λυσίωνος

The fabricant Λυσίων is dated to Period V and the combination of this fabricant and the eponym Νικασαγόρας II has been found. See Ariel and Fin- kielsztejn 1994, 210, no. SAH 65; Finkielsztejn 2001, 135–136; Nicolaou 2005, 96–97, no. 222(b); 186–

187, nos. 477–478.

3. MAK/AS/86

Provenance: Ras el-Soda, Egypt Date of Acquisition: 1942 Rectangular stamp (51 × 15 mm) Reading: Τιμου ˜ ς

The female fabricant Τιμώ II is dated to Period IV–V. For more details on this fabricant, see Nico- laou 2005, 216–217, nos. 573–575. Stamp bearing this name is widely distributed. See Nilsson 1909, 493, nos. 417/1–7; Grace 1950, 143, no. 57; Gen- tili 1958, 89, nos. 183/1–11; Calvet 1972, 34, no.

66; Sztetyłło 1975, 191, no. 110; 1976, 52–53, nos.

134–135; 1983, 101, no. 92; Ariel 1990, 65–66, nos.

323–324; Calvet 1983, 68, no. 87; Rosenthal-He- ginbottom 1995, 192, no. 77; Coulson et al. 1997, 56–57, no. 29; Jöhrens and Il’jašenko 2001, 432, no.

265; Suto 2005, 141–144, nos. 247–254; Sztetyłło 2010, 127, no. 119.

4. MAK/AS/87

Provenance: Ras el-Soda, Egypt Date of Acquisition: 1942

Rectangular stamp (41 × 15 mm); double cornucopia on the left; double axe at the bottom?

Reading: Πολυαράτου

The fabricant Πολυαράτος is dated to Pe- riod V. For more details on this fabricant, see Ni- colaou 2005: 203–204, no. 531. Compared with similar examples, double axe might exist under the name. The combination of double cornucopia and double axe is similar to the stamp of the fabricant Μηνοθέμις dated to Period IV (Nicolaou 2005: 330, no. 252). Stamp with the name Πολυαράτος is wi- dely distributed. See Nilsson 1909: 473, no. 356/2 (with double cornucopia on the left and double axe at the bottom); Gentili 1958: 80, nos. 160/1–3 (with double cornucopia on the left and double axe at the bottom); Calvet 1972: 35, no. 70 (with thyrsos); Szte- tyłło 1976: 67, no. 203 (with thyrsos); Landau and Tzaferis 1979: 155, no. 9 (with thyrsos); Ariel and Finkielsztejn 1994: 212, no. SAH 72 (with thyrsos);

Jöhrens and Il’jašenko 2001: 430, no. 259 (with win-

ged thyrsus toward left); Nicolaou 2005: 370–371,

no. Ω 52 (with thyrsos); 388, no. *+P 10(b) (with

fi lleted thyrsos?); 434, no. 129(a) (with fi lleted thyr-

sos); Suto 2005: 138, no. 238 (with double cornuco-

pia on the left and double axe at the bottom); Szte-

tyłło 2010: 122, no. 111 (with thyrsos).

5. MAK/AS/88

Provenance: Ras el-Soda, Egypt Date of Acquisition: 1942

Rectangular stamp (42 × 17 mm); torch on the right Reading: Σωκράτευς

The fabricant Σωκράτευς II is dated to Period II–III. For more details on this fabricant, see Nico- laou 2005: 208–209. Stamp bearing this name is quite widely distributed. See Grace 1950: 141, no. 32; Gen- tili 1958: 85, nos. 171/1–23; Gramatopol and Bordea 1969: 264, no. 1151; Grace and Savvatianou-Pétropo- ulakou 1970: 302, no. E 3; Sztetyłło 1975: 186, nos.

95–96; 1976: 51, nos. 128–130; Empereur 1977: 227, nos. 81–82; Calvet 1978: 227, no. 39; Halpern-Zylber- stein 1980: 249, no. 51; Calvet 1982: 33, nos. 87–88;

Ariel 1990: 37–38, nos. 52–55; Sztetyłło 1991: 83–84, nos. 153–155; Rosenthal-Heginbottom 1995: 192, no. 72; Börker and Burrow 1998: 51, nos. 507–510;

99, nos. 336–347; Jöhrens 1999: 50, nos. 126–127;

Finkielsztejn 2000: 145, nos. 16–17; Jöhrens and Il’jašenko 2001: 431, no. 262; Nicolaou 2005: 208–

211; nos. 544–557; 277, no. 43; 399, nos. 288–291;

Suto 2005: 139, nos. 241–242; Chaby 2009: 24, no. 52

6. MAK/AS/89

Provenance: Ras el-Soda, Egypt Date of Acquisition: 1942

Rectangular stamp (28 × 11 mm); grape cluster on the right (?)

Reading: Έρμογέ [νευς]

The fabricant Έρμογένευς is dated to Period V–

VI based on the cluster of grape (Grace 1952: 538;

Ariel and Finkielsztejn 1994: 205). Both cluster type and caduceus type are known. Stamp bearing this fabricant’s name is quite rare. See Macalister 1912:

357, no. 208 (caduceus; corrected by Grace); Grace 1952: 538, no. 28 (cluster); Grace and Savvatianou-

7. MAK/AS/90

Provenance: Ras el-Soda, Egypt Date of Acquisition: 1942 Rectangular stamp (52 × 13 mm) Reading: Ε[ ]?

[ ]ει[ν ]?

[ ]μιο[ ]?

8. MAK/AS/91

Provenance: Ras el-Soda, Egypt Date of Acquisition: 1942

Rectangular stamp (23 × 17 mm); caduceus below the name and cornucopia (?) on the left

Reading: Ίμã

The fabricant Ίμãς is known from Period IV, fi rst half of the second century BCE. See Finkiel- sztejn 2001: 131–134. The handles with this fabri- cant have been widely found. Nilsson 1909: 436–

437, nos. 254/1–9; Gentili 1958: 68, nos. 121/1–15;

Gramatopol and Bordea 1969: 264, nos. 1147–1148;

Grace and Savvatianou-Petropoulakou 1970: 303–

304, nos. E7–E9; Calvet 1972: 31, no. 56; Sztetyłło 1975: no. 137; 1976: 65, no. 193; Empereur 1977:

221, no. 63; Sztetyłło 1983: 91, nos. 64–65; Ariel

1990: 51–52, nos. 190–191; Sztetyłło 1991: 73–74,

2005: 180–181, nos. 458–461; 327, nos. 235–238;

369, no. Ω 47; 385, no. *P 4(b); 409, no. 22(a); 413, no. 40(a); 436, no. 133(b); Suto 2005: 120–123, nos. 194–201; Sztetyłło 2010: 108–110, nos. 92–94.

9. MAK/AS/92

Publication: Babraj and Szymańska 2000: 116 Provenance: Ras el-Soda, Egypt

Date of Acquisition: 1942 Rectangular stamp (47 × 17 mm) Reading: Έπì Θέρσαν

δρου Δαλίου

The eponym Θέρσανδρος is dated to 137/136 BCE. See Finkielsztejn 2001: 119, 195. See Nilsson 1909: 430–431, nos. 233/1–12; Sztetyłło 1975: 198, nos. 134–136; 1976: 64–65, nos. 188–190; Empereur 1977: 218–219, nos. 54–56; Nicolaou and Empereur 1986: 529, no. 14; Börker and Burow 1998: 90, no.

206; Nicolaou 2005: 285–286, no. 73; 406, no. 6(b);

417, no. +59(a); 421, no. 80(b).

10. MAK/AS/93

Provenance: Ras el-Soda, Egypt Date of Acquisition: 1942 Rectangular stamp (37 × 14 mm) Reading: Διοκλη ˜

Δαλίος

The female fabricant Διόκλεια is dated to 167–137 BCE (Finkielsztejn 2001: 172–173; Chaby 2009: 11). See Nilsson 1909: 415–416, nos. 175/1–6;

Grace 1950: 143, nos. 54–55; Gentili 1958: 58–59, nos. 83/1–8; Grace and Savvatianou-Petropoulakou 1970: 308, no. E 19; Sztetyłło 1975: 196, nos. 126–

127; 1976: 63, no. 181; Empereur 1977: 213, nos. 36–

37; Calvet 1978: 225, no. 17; Sztetyłło 1983: 124, no.

163; Börker and Burrow 1995: 88, no. 169; Jöhrens and Il’jašenko 2001: 417, no. 190; Nicolaou 2005:

157–159; nos. 399–401; 405, no. 2(b); 407, no. 8(b);

422, no. 84(a); Suto 2005: 101, no. 153; Chaby 2009:

11, no. 19.

11. MAK/AS/94

Provenance: Ras el-Soda, Egypt Date of Acquisition: 1942 Rectangular stamp (44 × 15 mm) Reading: Έπì Άναξά[ν]

δρου Πανάηου

The eponym Άναξάνδρος is dated to 143/142 BCE (Finkielsztejn 2001: 123, 127, 195). See Nils- son 1909: 366–367, nos. 46/1–16; Gramatopol and Bordea 1969: 229, no. 702; Le Roy 1975: 236, no. 2;

Sztetyłło 1976: 35, nos. 41–42; Empereur 1977: 206, no. 13; Nicolaou and Empereur 1986: 525–526, no.

10; Sztetyłło 1991: 24, no. 15; Rosenthal-Heginbot-

tom 1995: 193, no. 85; Börker and Burrow 1998: 82,

no. 57; Jöhrens 1999: 84, no. 221; 274, no. AS 21;

Nicolaou 2005: 34–35, nos. 48–52; 418, no. 63(a);

420, no. 77(b); Suto 2005: 34–35, nos. 10–11; Chaby 2009: 5, no. 4; Sztetyłło 2010: 31–33, nos. 6–9.

12. MAK/AS/95

Provenance: Ras el-Soda, Egypt Date of Acquisition: 1942

Rectangular stamp (44 × 15 mm); unidentifi ed device (winged thyrsos?)

Reading: [ ]λ?[ ]

13. MAK/AS/96

Provenance: Ras el-Soda, Egypt Date of Acquisition: 1942 Ivy leaf stamp (27 × 27 mm) Reading: Έπίγό

[ ]

This fabricant Έπίγονος with ivy leaf stamp is identifi ed with Έπίγονος I, dated to Period II, ca.

216–205 BCE (Finkielsztejn 2000: 143–144; 2001, 103) but on the archaeological ground may be dated to the fi rst half of the third century BCE (Nicolaou 2005: 166–167). Chaby (2009: 12) identifi ed the fa- bricant with rectangular stamps as Έπίγονος II and dated to Period IVa. Since such a simple identifi ca- tion is questionable to me, I list in the following the stamps with this fabricant name according to the stamps’ features.

Ivy leaf: Nilsson 1909: 419, nos. 192/1–2; Gen- tili 1958: 60, no. 92/1; Sztetyłło 1975: 169, no. 16;

Calvet 1982: 23, no. 47; Sztetyłło 1983: 67, no. 3;

Rosenthal-Heginbottom 1995: 193, no. 82; Jöhrens 1999: 29, no. 53; 32, no. 64; 270, no. AS 12; Nico- laou 2005: 166, no. 419. Cf. Ariel 1990: 37, nos. S 47–48; Finkielsztejn 2000: 143–144, no. CRh 7.

Rectangular: Nilsson 1909: 419, nos. 192/3, 6;

tainly dated to Period IVa, since it accompanies the eponym name Ίεροκλη ˜ ς).

Rectangular with secondary stamp: Nilsson 1909: 419, nos. 192/4, 5, 7; Suto 2005: 105, no. 161 (dated to Period IV).

Rose with secondary stamp: Sztetyłło 1976: 28, no. 7; 1991: 68, no. 113.

14. MAK/AS/97

Provenance: Ras el-Soda, Egypt Date of Acquisition: 1942

Round stamp (32 mm) rose in the centre Reading: [ ]ΣΟ[ ]

15. MAK/AS/98

Provenance: Ras el-Soda, Egypt Date of Acquisition: 1942

Rectangular stamp (43 × 19 mm); winged caduceus below the name

Reading: [Eυ ΄ κλ]ε[ίτου]?

The fabricant Eυ ΄ κλείτος is known from the end of Period IV to Period V, the second century BCE.

See Nilsson 1909: 422–423, nos. 203/1–17; Genti-

Sztetyłło 1983: 95–96, nos. 76–77; 1991: 69–70, nos.

115–119; Coulson et al. 1997: 52–53, nos. 15–17;

Jöhrens 1999: 88–89, nos. 236–237; Ariel 2001:

157–158, no. 12; Nicolaou 2005: 168–170, nos. 422–

431; 236, no. 673; 321, no. 219; 368, no. Ω 43; 379, no. Γ 7; 382, no. ΑΣ 4; 387, no. *P 8(a); 408, no.

17(b); 413, no. 41(b); 421, nos. 78(a), 80(a); 424, no.

101(a); Suto 2005: 107–108, nos. 165–167; Chaby 2009: 13, nos. 23(a)–(b).

16. MAK/AS/100

Provenance: Ras el-Soda, Egypt Date of Acquisition: 1942

Round stamp (30 mm); rose in centre Reading: Δαμοκράτευς

This fabricant with round stamp is identifi ed with Δαμοκράτευς I, and dated to Period II–III (Ni- colaou 2005: 149–153, nos. 370–384).

Nilsson 1909: 411–412, nos. 165/1–61; Grace 1950: 145, no. 73; Gentili 1958: 34, no. 5(b); 35, no.

12(b); 56, 58 nos. 79/1–35, 40–42; Calvet 1972: 26, nos. 40–42; Sztetyłło 1975: 179, nos. 64–66; 1976: 42, nos. 77, 78(a), 79–82; Empereur 1977: 211–222, nos.

30–33; Calvet 1978: 225, no. 15; 227, no. 47; Hal- pern-Zylberstein 1980: 248, nos. 45–46; Calvet 1982:

22–23, nos. 38–42; Sztetyłło 1983: 82–83, nos. 43–

44; Ariel 1990: 49–50, nos. 169–177; Sztetyłło 1991:

65–66, nos. 104–106; Rosenthal-Heginbottom 1996:

61, no. 8; Börker and Burow 1998: 46, nos. 432–435;

Jöhrens 1999: 23, no. 34(b); 39–41, nos. 92–94; 269, nos. AS 9–10; Finkielsztejn 2000: 136, no. ARh 2;

Jöhrens and Il’jašenko 2001: 415, nos. 183–185; Clar- ke 2005: 178–179, nos. JK SH.53; Nicolaou 2005:

110, no. 256(a); 149–153, nos. 370–384; 317–319, nos. 196–205; 366, no. Ω 35; 441, no. 145(b); Suto 2005: 97–98, nos. 146–149; Sztetyłło 2010: 92–95, nos. 78–79.

17. MAK/AS/178 Provenance: unknown

Date of Acquisition: 15.06.1982 Round stamp (35 mm); rose in centre Reading: Έπì Άριστ[οδάμ]ου Δαλίου

The eponym Άριστοδάμος II is dated to ca.

166/164 BCE (Finkielsztejn 2001: 109, 192). Both rectangular and round stamps of this eponym are known.

Nilsson 1909: 385, no. 99/1 (round stamp);

385–386, nos. 99/2–15 (rectangular stamp); Gracce 1950: 141, no. 28 (rectangular stamp); Gentili 1958:

49, nos. 56/1–2 (rectangular stamp), no. 56/3 (round stamp); Gramatopol and Bordea 1969: 230, no. 710 (rectangular stamp); Grace and Savvatianou-Petropo- ulakou 1970: 315, no. E 41; Landau and Tzaferis 1979:

156, no. 23 (rectangular stamp); Sztetyłło 1983: 77, no. 30 (rectangular stamp); Nicolaou and Empereur 1986: 518–519, no. 4(b) (rectangular stamp); Ariel 1990: 45, no. 135 (round stamp); Sztetyłło 1991: 28, no. 23 (rectangular stamp); Börker and Burrow 1998:

22–24, nos. 91–94, 97, 99, 101–106, 110–111 (rectan- gular stamps); 22–24, nos. 95–96, 98, 100, 107–109 112 (round stamp); Jöhrens and Il’jašenko 2001: 383, no. 23 (round stamp); Nicolaou 2005: 47–48, nos.

85–+87; 276, no. 38; 384–385, no. *P 3(a); 419, no.

72 (all rectangular stamps); Suto 2005: 40, no. 23

(rectangular stamp); Sztetyłło 2010: 37–38, no. 15

(rectangular stamp).

18. MAK/AS/1780 Provenance: El-Kantara Date of Acquisition: 31.01.1946 Round stamp (31 mm); rose in centre Reading: Μένα[ν]δρου

The fabricant Μένανδρος is dated to Period III (?). I could not fi nd any parallels with this fabricant name in round stamps.

Rectangular stamps bearing this fabricant name can be found in Nilsson 1909: 249–250, nos. 302/1–

13; Grace 1934: 232, no. 66; 1965: 15, no. 5; Sztetyłło 1975: 208, no. 170.

19. MAK/AS/1781

Provenance: Egypt, unknown site Date of Acquisition: 31.1.1946

Rectangular stamp (40 × 15 mm); a fi nger mark on the lower side of the handle; caduceus below the name and cornucopia (?) on the left

Reading: Ίμã

See above no.8 (MAK/AS/91).

II. Thasian Stamp 20. MAK/AS/194 Provenance: unknown

Date of Acquisition: 12.06.1982

Round stamp (29 × 18 mm); Thasian amphora and winged caduceus

Thasian stamps with amphora can be found in Sztetyłło 1976: 97, no. 364; Börker and Burrow 1998:

108, no. 466.

The exact dating cannot be determined but the shape of amphora may suggest the fourth century BCE (cf. Garlan and Blondé 2004: 126, esp. Fig. 7).

III. Unidentified Provenance 21. MAK/AS/99

Provenance: Ras el-Soda, Egypt

Date of Acquisition: 1942

Round stamp (23 mm)

Reading: H[ ]o?

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INDICES Fabricant

Δαμοκράτευς I 16 Διόκλεια 10 Έπίγονος I 13 Έρμογένευς 6 Eυʼκλείτος 15 Ίμãς 8, 19 Λυσίων 2 Μένανδρος 18 Πολυαράτος 4 Σωκράτευς II 5 Τιμώ II 3 Eponym Άναξάνδρος 11 Άριστοδάμος II 17

Month Δαλίου 9, 17 Πανάηου 11 Device (Rhodian) anchor 2

caduceus 8, 19 cornucopia 8, 19 double axe? 4 double cornucopia 4 grape cluster 6 Helios head 1 rose 14, 16, 17, 18 torch 5

winged caduceus 15

SHUICHI HASEGAWA

Stemple na imadłach amfor w krakowskim Muzeum Archeologicznym Streszczenie

Dział Archeologii Śródziemnomorskiej Muze- um Archeologicznego w Krakowie jest w posiada- niu dwudziestu nieopublikowanych i jednego opub- likowanego stempla z uchwytów amfor. Dwanaście spośród dwudziestu jeden stempli znajduje się na wystawie. Uchwyty zostały zebrane a następnie ofi a- rowane przez Jarosława Sagana, kustosza Muzeum przed drugą wojną światową, w trakcie której dołą- czył on do wojsk brytyjskich stacjonujących w Pale- stynie gdzie oddał się zbieraniu materiałów archeo- logicznych z Egiptu i Sudanu. Siedemnaście spośród dwudziestu jeden stempli pochodzi z Ras el-Soda nieopodal Aleksandrii w Egipcie, gdzie znajdowała

się słynna świątynia Izydy zbudowana w drugim stu- leciu n.e. Jeden stempel pochodzi z El-Kantara, któ- rą wstępnie utożsamiłem z El-Qantarah el-Sharqiyya w północnym Synaju, około 50 kilometrów na po- łudnie od Port Said. Kolejny stempel jest również z Egiptu, ale jego pochodzenie jest nieznane. Pocho- dzenie pozostałych trzech jest także nieznane. Wy- stawie towarzyszy katalog stempli sklasyfi kowanych według miejsca powstania. Jeden stempel powstał na Tazos, jeden jest niezidentyfi kowany, a pozostałe dziewiętnaście zostało wyprodukowane na Rodos.

W kwestii datowania eponimów, zasadniczo zgadzam

się z G. Finkielsztejnem (2001).