Результатив як об'экт логичной семантики та функцийной граматики : на материал украинской мови

Юлия Голоцукова

Результатив як об’экт логичной

семантики та функцийной

граматики : на материал

украинской мови

2016

PRZEGLĄD WSCHODNIOEUROPEJSKI YII/1 2016: 153-162

r o n i ą ra n o u Y K O B A

MapiynontctKHH flep^aBHHH yHiBepcHTeT

PE3YTBTATHB HK OE’€KT ^OriHHOI CEMAHTHKH

TA OYHKU,IHHOI TPAMATHKH

(HA MATEPLATI YKPAIHCŁKOI MOBH)

A Resultative as an Object of Logical Semantics and Functional Grammar

(on the Material in the Ukrainian Language)

KnronoBJ cnoBA: rpaHHHHicTt, pe3yntTaT, pe3ynbTaTHB, p y 6 i * flii, cTaTHB, cTaH / flia, nacHB, n ep ^eK T

Key w o r d s: lim itiv e n e s s , re s u lt, r e s u lta tiv e , th e m e a s u re o f th e a c tio n , sta tiv e , sta te / a c tio n , p a s s iv e , p e rfe c t

Abstract: T h e a rtic le d e a ls w ith th e r e s e a rc h o f th e re s u lta tiv e s o f th e U k ra in ia n la n g u a g e : o f th e fo rm a l-g ra m m a tic a l ty p e s , o f th e p e c u lia ritie s o f fu n c tio n in g . T h e p a p e r p re s e n ts a n in te rp re ta tio n o f th e n o tio n “ r e s u lta tiv e ” in th e m o d e rn lin g u is tic lite ra tu re , it d is tin g u is h e s ty p e s o f th e fo rm s o f th e re s u lta tiv e s . F u rth e r, a d e fin itio n o f th e te rm “ r e s u lta tiv e ” is o ffere d . R e s u lta tiv e c o n s tru c tio n s a re d e s c rib e d in c o n n e c tio n w ith th e e x tra lin g u is tic p h e n o m e n a b y m e a n s o f re c e p tio n o f e x te rn a l in te rp re ta tio n . T h e re c e p tio n o f in te rle v e l in te rp re ta tio n a llo - w e d to tra c e c o n n e c tio n s o f re s u lta tiv e s w ith o th e r la n g u a g e u n its . R e s u lta tiv e c o n s tru c tio n s a re in v e s tig a te d o n th e b a s is o f o th e r u n its in t h e ir p r o x im ity in a c o n te x t: in f lu e n c e o f c o n te x t o n re s u lta tiv e / s ta tiv e / p a s s iv e / p e rfe c t v a lu e o f le x e m e o n th e b a s is o f th e m e th o d o lo g y o f a d is trib u tiv e a n a ly sis o f a stru c tu ra l m e th o d . T h e re c e p tio n o f s u b s titu tio n is a p p lie d fo r a u th e n tic a tio n o f la n g u a g e u n its.

y Bcix MOBax cBiTy BiflÓHBaroTtca neBHi norinm Kareropii', icHyBaHHa akhx

3yMOBneHo no3aMOBHoro peantmcTro. HaaBHicTt nofliÓHHX Kareropiń noacHro- eTtca th m, ^ o ocHOBy Syflt-aKoi mobh cTaHOBHTt eflHicTt nroflctKoro m h- cneHHa, o ck m b k h po3yMoBa fliantmcTB nroflMHM, ii HaroaranBHimi bhabh

BnnMBaroTt Ha cTpyKTypy mob y HanpaMi ^opMyBaHHa b hhx cnintHHX pHc.

ToMy icHyroTt noHarra, BnacmBi nroflctKoMy MHcneHHro B3arani, afl^e noHaT-

tgbhh 3MicT e ymBepcantHHM, gahhhm flna Bcix m o b. 3 u;toro npHBofly ^ . BaHflpHec nHme:

^KHMi HeCXO*HMH He 6ynH 6 pO3yMOBi HaBHHKH pi3HHX HapofliB, icHyBaHHa

fleaKHX oc ho bhhx pHC He MO*Ha 3anepeayBaTH. IcHye 3aranBHonroflCBKa noriKa,

i ronoBHi noriam KaTeropii m h cnocTepiraeMO y Bcix nrofleń, 3flaTHHX MHcnHTH:

b o h h, acHa pin, ne*aTB bocHoBi rpaMaTMHHMX KaTeropiń (1937, 112).

Cepefl BMKopMCToByBaHMX MoBoro noriHHMX KaTeropiń BHpi3HaeTBca oco6nHBHń ixHiń pi3HoBHfl - «noHaTTeBi KaTeropii». Ochobh Teopii noHaTTeBHX KaTeropiń po3po6neHi O. CcnepceHoM Ta I. I. Me^amHoBHM. YHiBepcanBHicTB nofli6HHx KaTeropiń niflKpecnroBaB CcnepceH y po6oTi «® inoco$ia rpaMaTHKH», fle po3KpMBaeTtca TaKo^ cniBBiflHoraeHHa noHaTTeBHX i CMHTaKCMHHMX KaTeropiń:

nopafl 3 chhtekchhhhmh KaTeropiaMH, a6o KpiM h h x, a6o 3a p h m h KaTeropiaMH,

^ o 3ane*art Bifl CTpyKTypH ko*hoi m o b h, y ToMy BHrnafli, b aKoMy BoHa icHye,

HaaBHi ń no3aMoBHi KaTeropii, He 3ane*Hi Bifl 6inBra a6o MeHra BHnaflKoBHX

^aKTiB m ob, ^ o icHyroTB. fli KaTeropii e yHiBepcanBHMMM, ock^bkhbohh3acTocoBHi

flo Bcix m o b, xoaa boh h piflKo BHpa*aroTBca b p h x MoBax acHo i HeflBo3HaaHo

(2002, 57).

Me^amHoB HaronorayBaB Ha MoBHiń npHpofli noHaTTeBHX KaTeropiń. noHaT- TeBi Kareropii «e Biflo6pa^eHHHM y MoBi flińcHHx HopM cBifloMocTi» (M eqa- HiHoB 1949, 196), BoflHonac,

BHaBnaroaHCB y ceMaHTHHHoMy nafli neKCHKH, y CHHTaKCHHHoMy nafli peaeHHa Ta Mop^onorinHoMy o^opMneHHi cnoBa, noHarreBi KaTeropii 3anHraaroTBca TaKHM

hhhom cepefl m o b h h xKaTeropiń (1949, 196).

Hapa3i Teopia noHaTTeBHX Kareropiń po3BHBaeTBca y npapax O. B. BoHflapKa, M. M. TyxMaH, C. fl. KapHenBcoHa, B. M. #ppeBoi Ta iHraHX. #k KnroaoBi yHiBepcanBHi noHarreBi BHCTynaroTB TaKi Kareropii, aK BnnHB / ^aKTHTHBHicTB, o6’eKT BnnHBy, iHCTpyMeHTanBHicTB, o6’eKT BonofliHHa, Kareropia nepeMi- ^eHHa y npocTopi (KapHenBcoH), noHaTTa nocecHBHocTi, aacy, npocTopoBHx BiflHoraeHB, KaTeropia HHcna (#ppeBa), Mo^nHBicTB, Heo6xiflHicTB, iMne- paTHBHicTB, oflHoaacHicTB, nocnifloBHicTB, Kay3aTHBHicTB, nnropanBHicTB (BoHflapKo) i nofli6He.

flo noHaTTeBHX KaTeropiń 3apaxoByroTB TaKo^ i KaTeropiro pe3ynBTa- THBHocTi (O. B. BoHflapKo, T. C. TnyraaK, C. K. CeMeHoBa), ocklabkh penpe- 3eHTapia pe3ynBTary flii 3HaxoflHTB Biflo6pa^eHHa y Bcix MoBax CBiry. HaaB- HicTB piei Kareropii b MoBi 3yMoBneHa Heo6xiflHicTro, nepefl aKoro nocTaBneHi yaacHHKH KoMyHiKapii o6’eKTHBHoi flińcHocTi.

YHiBepcanBHi noHaTTeBi KaTeropii Biflo6pa^aroTB 3aranBHi aBH^a no3aMoBHoi flińcHocTi y CBifloMocTi nrofleń, ane cnoco6H mobhoI iHTepnpeTapii

Pe3yjibmamue mk06 ’eKm jioziuHoi ceMaHmuKU ma (pyHKąiuHoi zpajuamuKU... ₁₅₅ ymBepcantHHX noHaiTeBHX Kareropifi y pi3HHX MOBax He yHiBepcaaBHi h y KO^HOMy KOHKpeTHOMy BHnapKy yTBoproroTB cBoro cnepH^iHHy cncTeMy.

TepMiH «pe3yaBTaTHB» Ha cBoropHi He Mae opHO3HaHHoro TayMaaeHHa, xoaa BHBHeHHro pBoro noHaTTa npncBaHeHO SaraTo HayKOBHX npapB. flocaip^eHHa pe3yaBTaTHBa 3piHcHroBaaHca Ha MaTepiaai KHTaHcBKoi, hhb- xcbkoi, MOHroaBcBKoi, ecKiMOctKOi, HyKOTcBKOi, apHHHctKOi, y36epBKo'i, eBeH- KiMcBKOl, rpy3HHcBKOi, paBHBOrpepBKOi, pOciMcBKOi, aHTOBcBKOi, apaScBKOi, iH3OHe3iMcBKOi, HiMepBKOi, HOpBe3BKOi, BipMeHcBKOi, ^iHcBKOi, ^yna MOB i nopiSHe. He3Ba^aroaH Ha BeaHKy KiaBKicTB npapB, npoSaeMa pe3yaB- TaTHBHocTi Bce ^ e 3aaHraaeTBca Hepo3B’a3aHoro, ocKiaBKH Ha Ko^HOMy HOBOMy eTani HayKOBoro ni3HaHHa nocTaroTB HOBi nHTaHHa, noB’a3aHi 3 aKTyaai3apiero pe3ynBTaTHBHoi ceMaHTHKH.

Hapa3i b yKpamctKOMy MOBO3HaBcTBi Bipcyrna piaicHa xapaKTepHcTHKa mobhhx 3acoSiB Ha no3HaneHHa BipHoraeHB pe3yaBTaTHBHocTi / Hepe3yaB- TaTHBHocTi. Y paMax KaTeropii BHpy pe3yaBTaTHBHicTB po3raapaaH H. C. ABiaoBa, O. B. EoHpapKo, B. B. BHHorpapoB, M. # . TaoBiHctKa, O. B. IcaaeHKo, ro. C. MacaoB, I. n . MyHHHK, M. O. ffleaaKiH Ta m mi. I. P. BHXoBaHepB, A. n . 3arHiTKo, O. O. noTeSHa BBa^aroTB, ^ o pe3yaBTaTHB Haae^HTB po KaTeropii cTaHy piecaoBa i nopiSHe. nonpH cKaapHicTB i 3Haay^icTB, pe3yatTaTHBHicTB Ha rpym i yKpaiHcBKoi' mobh ^yHpaMernaaBHo He BHBHaaaca i po3raapaaaca an rae cnopapHHHo. HeoSxipmcTB aHaai3y h Kaacn^iKapii mobhhx 3acoSiB BHpa^eHHa pe3yatTaTHBHHX BipHoraeHB b yKpaiHctKiń MOBi 3yMOBaroroTB a K T y a a B H i c T B Haraoro pocaip^eHHa.

M e t a pocaip^eHHa - BcTaHOBaeHHa ^yHKpiHHo-ceMaHTHHHoi' THnoaorii pe3yatTaTHBHHX KOHcTpyKpiH. Peaai3apia nocTaBaeHoi MeTH nepepSaaae po3B’a3aHHa TaKHX 3 a b 3 a h b: po3raaHym eBoaropiro arnrBicTHHHHX noraapiB KiHpa XX - noaaTKy XXI cToam a Ha cTaTyc i ceMaHTHKy pe3yaBTaTHBiB; npoaHaai3yBaTH cTpyKTypHo-aiHeapHi ocoSaHBocri pe3yaBTaTHBHHX KOHcTpyK- piH; BHaBHTH napapHrMaTHKy pe3yaBTaTHBiB.

AcneKToaoria, ^ o pHHaMiaHo po3BHBaeTBca y caaBicTHpi, Ha ^aaB, Maao 3aTop- Kye npoSaeMH pe3yaBTaTHBa 3araaoM, yKpaiHcBKoro ^ 3OKpeMa. Ta h 3araaB- HOTHnoaoriHHa npoSaeMaTHKa pe3yaBTaTHBa HepocTaTHBo oxonaroe yKpaiH- cbkhh MaTepiaa. BopHoaac yKpaiHcBKi pe3yaBTaTHBHi KOHcTpyKpii nocTaroTB Hap3BHHaMHO pO3MaiTHMH, iXHi cTpyKTypHi H ceMaHTHKO-^yHKpiMHi ocoSaH- BocTi He e piBHopapHHMH, TOMy iXHe BHBHeHHa po3BoaHTB no-iHraoMy po3raaHyTH cHcTeMy piecaiBHHX KaTeropiH, iXHro BHyTpiraHBopeaeHHeBy 3Haay- ^icTB, BHaBHTH piBHi B3aeMopi'i / B3aeMO3yMOBaeHocTi piecaiBHHX Ta iMeHHHX KaTeropiH, HaBarna^eHHa pe3yaBTaTiB y TpaHc$opMapińHHX npopecax opHo- Ta pi3HoapycHoro THniB.

Y cyaacHOMy MOBO3HaBcTBi nHTaHHa, noB’a3aHi 3 pe3yaBTaTHBaMH, ^ e He OTpHMaaH cBoro ocTaTOHHoro po3B’a3aHHa. Cepep MOBO3HaBpiB HeMae

opHo-CTaHHOCTi ^opo BH3HaHeHHa CTaTycy KaTeropii pe3yntTaTHBa b CHCTeMi piecniB- hhx KaTeropiń, HaBaHTa^eHHa y BHyTpimHBopeaeHHeBiń CTpyKTypi.

ABinoBa, BoHpapKo, BHHorpapoB, TnoBrnctKa, IcaaeHKo, MaCnoB, MyHHHK, fflenaKiH po3rnapanH KaTeropiro pe3yntTaTHBHocTi b paMax KaTeropii BHpy. Pe3yntTaTHBHiCTt pa3oM i3 rpaHHHHicTro ń pinicHicTro po3rnapanHca aK oCHoBHi KaTeropiantm ceMaHTHHHi o3HaKH. Ono3Hpia BHpiB TpaKTyBanaca aK npHBa- THBHa, toSto MapKoBaHHM HneHoM bhpoboi ono3Hpii BBa^aBCa poKoHaHHń bhp, a HepoKoHaHHń po3rnapaBca aK TaKHń, ^ o e ochobok, HeńTpantHoro Sa3oro BHpoBoro CniBBipHomeHHa. y npapax iHmHX niHrBiCTiB ono3Hpia BHpiB TnyMaHHnaca aK eKBinoneHTHa: nep^eKTHB no3Haaae pe3yntTaTHBHy, HeTpHBany piro, a iMnep^eKTHB - TpHBany, Hepe3yntTaTHBHy.

Pe3yntTaTHBHiCTt i rpaHHHHicTt aK oCHoBHi KaTeropińHi ceMaHTHHHi o3HaKH po3rnapanHca aK TaKi, ^ o airao He Mo^yTt SyTH po3Me^oBam. 3oKpeMa, MyaHHK nHcaB npo Te, ^ o noH arra «rpaHHHHicTt» i «pe3yntTaTHBHicTt» Mo^Ha BBa^aTH b peaKoMy ceHci toto^hhmh, toSto pi o3HaKH «b HańSintm icToTHoMy nopiSHi Mm coSoro» (1971, 97). MyHHHK po3rnapaB pe3yntTaTHBHicTt aK iHBapiaHT nep^eKTHBa. noHaTTa «rpaHHHHicTB» BHKopHCToByBanoca b poSoTax TaKHX niHrBicTiB, aK BHHorpapoB, ABinoBa, fflenaKiH, a Tarom y poSoTax MacnoBa i BoHpapKa pa3oM 3 o3HaKoro pinicHocTi.

Be3cyMHiBHo, ^ o nocTaBHTH 3HaK piBHocTi Mm rpaHHHHicTro i pe3ynt- TaTHBHicTro He Mo^Ha. TpaHHHHicTt i pe3yntTaTHBHicTt - pe pBa acneKTH HanpaMy, 3a aKHM Mo^Ha po3rnapaTH KoHKpeTHy CHTyapiro. #k 3a3Haaae TnoBiHCtKa, Teopia pe3yntTaTHBHocTi «po3rnapae KoHKpeTHHń MoMeHT 3 nornapy HacnipKy pii», a Teopia rpaHHHHocri - «3 nornapy $a3H, ^ o nepepye bhhhk- HeHHro pe3yntTaTy» (2001, 270).

BHxoBaHept, ^oBToSprox, 3arHiTKo, noTeSHa BBa^aroTt, ^ o pe3yntTaTHB Hane^HTt po KaTeropii CTaHy piecnoBa. BopHoaac caMy KaTeropiro CTaHy KBani^iKyroTt Tarom no-pi3HoMy. TaK, HanpHKnap, noTeSHa BBa^aB ii chh- TaKCHHHoro KaTeropiero; ^oBToSprox KBani^iKyBaB KaTeropiro CTaHy aK Mop^onoriaHy KaTeropiro. Hapa3i 3anepeaeHo cyTo Mop^onoriaHHń hh CHHTaKCHHHHń xapaKTep piei piecniBHoi KaTeropii. HaronomyeTtca Ha ii MmpiBHeBocTi (BoHpapKo, BHxoBaHept, 3arHiTKo Ta iHmi).

BoHpapKo 3ayBa^ye, ^ o CTaH piecnoBa - pe Mop^onoro-CHHTaKCHHHa KaTeropia. BHxoBaHept, 3arHiTKo, BBa^aroTt, ^ o Bci nHTaHHa, ^ o crocyroTtca piecniBHHx $opM cTaHy, 3ocepep^yroTtca b neKCHHHiń c^epi Ta cHHTaKCHci.

Ha pyMKy BHxoBaHpa i 3arHiTKa, i3 Mop^onoriaHHMH KaTeropiro CTaHy noB’a3ye nHme Te, ^ o piecnoBa e KaTeropińHHMH opHHHpaMH 3 BipnoBipHHM Mop^onoriaHHM BHaBoM. TpaHC^opMapia penem i3 piecnoBaMH aKTHBHoro CTaHy oxonnroe cyTTeBi 3MiHH poni aKTaHTiB, ^ o i 3yMoBnroe BHxip npoSneMaTHKH piecniBHoro CTaHy 3a Me^i Mop^onorii Ta 3ocepep^eHHa b cnoBoTBipHiń CHCTeMi mobh Ta CHHTaKCHci. noxipHe piecnoBo BHCTynae

Pe3yjibmamue mk06 ’eKm jioziuHoi ceMaHmuKU ma (pyHKąiuHoi zpajuamuKU... ₁₅₇ mmoro aeKCHHHoro oflHHHpero, y Moro CTpyKTypi HaaBHi 3Haam BHflo3MiHH, ^o 3aropKyroTB rjiHÓHHHi M noBepxHeBi HanpaMH aiBo- Ta npaBoSiaHoi ceMaHTHKo- CHHTaKCHHHoi' BaaeHTHocTi. BiflHomeHHa flo caoBoTBopy Mae nacHBHe 3HaaeHHa fliecaoBa, 6o boho noB’a3aHe i3 TBopeHHaM HoBoi aeKceMH, ocKmtKH cyTt TpaHC^opMapii' aKTHB / nacHB noaarae b ceMaHTHHHoMy nepeTBopeHHi fliecai- BHoro npeflHKara flii Ha npeflHKar pe3yni>TaTHBHoro CTaHy, ^ o e HacaiflKoM BHKoHaHHa flii. BHxoBaHept pe nepeTBopeHHa BiflHocHTt flo aBH^ aeKCHHHoi flepHBapii b ii MoflH$iKapiHo-TpaHcno3HpiMHoMy pi3HoBHfli, ockwbkh

neKCHHHe 3HaaeHHa flii BHxiflHoro fliecaoBa MoflH^iKyeTtca b HanpaMi 3aBep-

meHHa nepe6iry flii, Ha6yrra pe3yatTaTHBHoro CTaHy, to6to ii CTyneHeBoi MoflH-

^iKapii, 3 oflHoro 6oKy, a oco6oBi $opMH TaKoro BHxiflHoro fliecaoBa 3BHaaMHo

TpaHcnoHyroTtca b flienpHKMeTHHKoBi $opMH nacHBHoro CTaHy, 3 iHmoro 6oKy

(1993, 15).

HeniTKicTB ^opMaatHoi ^iKcoBaHocTi 3HaaeHHa aKTHBHocTi / nacHBHocTi 3yMoBHPa pi3Ho6iM y BH3HaaeHHi Ta BCTaHoBaeHHi ixHtoro CTarycy b CHCTeMi fliecniBHHX 3HaneHB.

HaMnomnpeHimHMH b cyaacmM aiHrBicTHpi e flBa niflxoflH flo KBaai^iKapii 3HaaeHHa aKTHBHocTi / nacHBHocTi, npH ptoMy aKpeHTyeTtca, ^ o ceMaHTHPHa cnepn^iKa nacHBa - Biflxifl cy6’eKTa 3 no3Hpii niflMeTa. Pe3ynBTaroM TaKoro TnyMapeHHa e Heo6xiflHicTt 3apaxyBaHHa flo nacHBa 6e3oco6oBHx i Heo3Ha- HeHo-oco6oBHx ^opM fliecaoBa.

nomHpeHHM e ^yHKpiMHo-ceMaHTHPHHM niflxifl flo BHBaeHHa KaTeropii CTaHy, y aKoMy BifloMi flBa pi3HoBHflH: TeMamPHHM Ta iHTeHpiMHHM. TeMarHPHa KoHpenpia nepeflSaaae, ^ o nacHB, Ha BiflMiHy Bifl aKTHBa, oSHpaeTtca Tofli, koph He-areHc BHCTynae TeMoro noBifloMaeHHa, ockwbkh TeMamamcTB - pe KoHCTHTyTHBHa BaacTHBicTB niflMeTa.

IHTeHpiMHHM niflxifl ipyHTyeTtca Ha HaaBHocri y npeflHKara BHSipKoBoi cnpaMoBaHocTi Ha oflHoro 3 yaacHHKiB CHTyapii (iHTeHpii). U,eM niflxifl rayMa- HHTtca aK ^oKycyBaHHa: oflHH 3 yaacHHKiB CHTyapii (apryMeHTiB) oSHpaeTtca aK ToaKa BiflaiKy, a6o ^oKycy, ^oflo aKoi (aKoro) BH3HaaaroTtca poai iHmHx yaacHHKiB CHTyapii. nepeflSapaeTtca, ^ o aKpa3 nepmoMy aKTaHToBi (Tpa- flHpiMHo, niflMeToBi) ceMaHTHPHo BiflnoBiflae $oKyc. Xoaa «$oKycyBaHHa» - acneKT KoMyHiKaTHBHoro aaeHyBaHHa, a6o KoMyHiKaTHBHoi opraHi3apii CKaaflHHx peaeHHeBHx CTpyKTyp, i cnepH^iaHHM flaa peaeHHa, ^ o npoTH- CTaBaae oflHH aaeH peaeHHa (niflMeT) iHmHM Moro aaeHaM, $oKyc He toto^hhm TeMi.

Xoaa ^yHKpiMHo-ceMaHTHHHHM noraafl Mae Sararo nepeBar, no3a yBaroro 3aaHmaeTtca BCTaHoBaeHHa «Mop$oaoriPHocTi» CTaHy fliecaoBa. 3arHiTKo aKpeHTye, ^ o He^iKcoBamcTt ^opMaatHoro BHpa^eHHa 3HaaeHHa nepeSyBae

no3a MesaMH Mop$onoriaHHx npoSneM i He BKnaflaeTtca y BH3HaaeHHa Mop^onoriHHHX KaTeropiń aK cncTeMH npoTHCTaBneHHX oflHH oflHoMy pafliB Mop$onoriHHHX $opM 3 oflHopiflHHM 3HaaeHHaM i cBiflHHTt npo npHHane^HicTt aKTHBa - nacHBa flo CTpyKTypH KaTeropii BanerornocTi fliecnoBa (3arHiTKo 1996).

y pe3yntTaTHBHHX KoHcTpyKpiax penpe3emyeTtca BiflMiHHa ceMaHTHHHa BaneHTHicTt fliecniBHoi neKceMH. Ha fleHoTaTHBHoMy piBHi «nepBHHHa» cmyapia aKicHo TpaHc^opMyeTtca, nepeTBoproroaHct Ha iHray, ^ o BHHHKae nmiTe aK pe3yntTaT nonepeflHtoi, He icHyroaH no3a Hero: Hic cxowuu na Macy kojioh, 3 a 6 u m u x e 3eMnw no Kpymiu zopi (I. Heayft-.neBHptKHM) - saóueamu

- 3a6umu — 3a6umuu (3a6umo); Ha HyKuni 6yna m onm 6ina copouKa, zonoea

3 a e ’H 3 a n a noeow Kapmamow xycmKow (I. HeayM-.neBHptKHM)

- 3ae’n3yeamu — 3ae’u3amu — 3ae’M3anuu (3ae’M3ano); Xnon’nma cmonnu 6e3

manoK, 3 nu3enbKo n o c m p u w e n u M u zonoeaMu (naH ac Mh p h h h)

- cmpuzmu — nocmpuzmu — nocmpuwenuu (nocmpuweno) to^ o.

3arHiTKo, BBa^ae, ^ o 3 pe3yntTaTHBHicTro Kopenroe TaKa flia, ^ o y npopeci cBoro nepeSiry Mo^e neBHHM hhhom aKicHo BHflo3MiHroBaTHca, flocararoaH

cBoei npHpoflHoi Mem, i noTiM nepeTBoproBaTHct i3 flii y cTaH aSo BnacTHBicTt oflHoro 3 yaacHHKiB (3arHiTKo 1996). BiflHoraeHHa Mm nepBHHHoro i noxiflHoro pe3yntTaTHBHHMH KoHcTpyKpiaMH e Hafl3BHaańHo cKnaflHHMH, flna hh x

BnacTHBa 3arantHa KoHpenTyantHa nno^HHa, aKa TnyMaaHTtca no-pi3HoMy 3 nornafly 3HaaeHHa iMnnipHTHoi acneKTyantHocTi, oScary cHTyapii, nepeTHHy cHTyapiń. 3a 3HaaeHHaM iMnnipHTHoi' acneKTyantHocTi nepBHHHa KoHcTpyKpia BHpa^ae fliro, a noxiflHa - pe3yntTaT flii aSo cTaH.

3 nornafly oScary cHTyapii y nepBHHHiń KoHcTpyKpii fliero oxonneHHń oS’eKT i cyS’eKT, y noxiflHiń pe3yntTaTHBHiń KoHcTpyKpii - nHrae pe3yntTaT nepBHHHoi' flii i npe3eHToBaHa oflHa ocoSa. 3a nepeTHHoM cHTyapiń - nepBHHHa i noxiflHa pe3yntTaTHBHi KoHcTpyKpii He HaKnaflaroTtca oflHa Ha oflHy, a ńflyTt oflHa 3a oflHoro. 3arHiTKo Haronoraye, ^ o pe - flBa pi3Hi eTanH oflHoro MaKponpopecy. Ee3 3flińcHeHHa nonepeflHtoi nepBHHHoi flii HeMo^nHBa pe3yntTaTHBHa cmyapia (3arHiTKo 1996).

flna flH^epeHpiapii pe3yntTaTHBHHx KoHcTpyKpiń aBTopH THnonorii pe3yntTaTHBHHx KoHcTpyKpiń HaronorayroTt Ha HeoSxiflHocTi Biflpi3HaTH noHaTTa «cTaH» Bifl noHaira «flia» Ta «o3HaKa» (HeflanKoB 1983, 5).

He3ane^Ho Bifl cnocoSy BHpa^eHHa bMoBi B. n . HeflanKoB, C. G. #xohtob

po3pi3HaroTt nepBHHHHń (cudimu, po3yMimu, newamu i nofliSHe) i btophhhhh

cTaH (6ymu nanucanuM, 6ymu no(pap6oeanuM, 6ymu po36umuM, 6ymu no6ydoeanuM i TaKe iHrae). nepBHHHHń cTaH Mo^e BHHHKHyTH caMocTińHo,

btophhhhh3aB^flH e pe3yntTaToM aHeict cBifloMoi' flii' hh fliantHocTi.

KpiM Toro, MoBo3HaBpi BHflinaroTt cTaH THMaacoBHń, cTińKHń, He3Bo-

Pe3yjibmamue mk06 ’eKm jozinH oi ceManmuKU ma (pyHKąiuHoi zpajuamuKU... ₁₅₉ cTaH, nerKo Mo^e Sym nepepBaHHH piero cyS’eKTa hh hhimocb

BTpyHaHHaM: mou, xmo jew um b, Mowe ecmamu caM, a6o uozo Mowymb niÓHnmu i nopiSHe. CriHKHH CTaH TaKo^ He 3aB^pH 3anHraaeTtca He3MiHHHM, opHaK 3MiHa TyT BHKnHKaHa nepeSiroM Hacy, a He aKTHBHHM BTpynaHHaM aKoict

chhh: 3Hamu - nepe3 dem uu nac - 3a6ymu i TaKe iHrae. M e^i Mm THMHacoBHM

Ta cTińKHM cTaHoM e HeHiTKHMH, HacTo pochtb Ba^Ko po3pi3HHTH pi cTaHH.

He3BopoTHHH cTaH He SyBae BnacTHBHM npepMeToBi 3 caMoro nonaTKy, a 3aB^pH e pe3ynBTaroM aKoict pii hh npopecy, ane, BHHHKHyBraH, He Mo^e

SyTH 3MiHeHHM, toSto npepMeT He Mo^e HaSyTH nepBHHHoro cTaHy: po36umuu

hwk He Mowe cmamu ^jum; eapem u He Mowe cmamu cupuM i nopiSHe.

3a3BHHaM, He3BopoTHHH cTaH BHpa^aeTtca noxipHHMH ^opMaMH - pienpHKMeT- HHKaMH aSo BippiecniBHHMH npHKMeTHHKaMH (HepanKoB 1983, 6).

U,iKaBHMH b HanpaMi BHaBneHHa Mo^nHBocTi yTBopeHHa pe3yntTamBiB, Ha Hara nornap, e pocaip^eHHa 3arHiTKa, aKHH Haronoraye, ^ o pH^epeHpiapia neKceM Ha piecnoBa pii i piecnoBa cTaHy Mae BHpiraantHe 3HaHeHHa, ocKintKH iHBeHTap piecniBHHX rpaMaTHHHHX 3HaaeHB 3ane^HTB Bip Hane^Hocri piecnoBa po nepraoro hhppyroro po3papy cniB.

Ono3Hpia piecniB pii i piecniB cTaHy npoHH3ye Bcro rpaMaTHHHy cHcTeMy

mobh. noxipHicTro piecniB cTaHy 3yMoBnroeTtca, 3oKpeMa, ixHa cBoepipmcTt ^opo BHpoBoro npoTHcTaBneHHa (HenapmcTB nepeBa^Ho BnacTHBa piecnoBaM cTaHy; pe3ym>TaTHBHicTB - piecnoBaM pii').

3a KnacH^iKapiero piecniB pii 3arHiTKa, BHpinaeMo THnH pe3yni>TaTHBiB Ha no3HaHeHHa: 1) $i3HHHoi pii: npucmi6amu ^ npucme6Hymu ^ npucme6Hymuu (npucme6Hymo) - BiH He eidpueae pyKu eid KumeHi, e HKiu 6yju n p u c m e 6 -

H y m i mnujbKow zpom i (r. Tw t w h h h k); npuninjnmu ^ npunenumu ^

npmemeHuu (npunenjeHo) - Koju w dueumbcn - eipboeKa; nomnzHye myio eipboeKy - a w i mym zap6y3 cupuu n p u n e n j e H u u ! (I. KBiTKa- -OcHoB’aHeHKo); mumu ^ npumumu ^ npumumuu (npumumo) - Tejinajucb doezi KiHty noncKa, n p u m u m o z o 33ady do mna(ppoKa (I. HeHyM- -^eBHptKHH); eunpndamu ^ eunpndumu ^ eunpnweHuu (eunpnweHo) - B u n - p n w e H i eoju nacjucb y nm em ty; Haumumu cnaju nid eo3om (I.HeHyM- -^eBHptKHH); cinmu ^ eucinmu ^ eucinHuu (eucinHo) - 3eMjn He 3aewdu i HaciHHn e u c i n H e noeepmaja, eoeKu HonaMu 3aeueaju, zojod i 3judHi He eueodujucb (I. KyHep) i TaKe iHrae; 2) iHTeneKTyantHoi pii: MipKyeamu

euMipKyeamu ^ euMipKyeaHuu (euMipKyeaHo) - BoHa 6yja y6paHa no-

6ydeHHoMy, a je e moMy Hed6auHoMy y6 p a m i 6yjo 3Hamb do6pe e u M i p -

K y e a H e KoKemcmeo (I. HeHyM-^eBHpBKHH); nepeceidnyeamucb ^ nepe-

ceidnumucb ^ nepeceidneHuu (nepeceidneHo) - ffo6pe n e p e c e i d n e H a

y cnpaei ceaxa, C ojo xa 3 a ew d u 3Haja, 3 nozo m pe6a nonuHamb

(ro. ^hobcbkhh) to^ o; 3) MoBneHHa: euMoejnmu ^ euMoeumu ^ euMoejeHuu

winonuMU ycmaMU (narnc Mhphhh); ozonowyeamu ^ ozonocumu ^ ozono­

w em u (ozonoweuo) - CyMnoo 3eicmKoo, eMumb o z o n o w e n ow, HaM ua

zope npuuwnocb mym 3 ’neumucn (M.KponHBHHptKHM); npozonowyeamu ^ npozonocumu ^ npozonowenuu (npozonoweno) - 3a cnunaMU nonoeiKie 3noey

cnepenanucn w inK u. Oco6nueo odna, cm paw enno o6ypoeanacb, ^ o

P iuuucbKozo no cMepmi n p o z o n o w e n o 6anKpomoM (IpHHa Bintfle) i nofliÓHe; 4) flaBaHHa: 3a6upamu ^ no3a6upamu ^ no3a6upanuu (no3a6upano) - noKoi 6ynu nycmicinbKi, eci Kowmoeni o3Óo6u 6ynu n o 3 a 6 u p a n i (I. OpaHKo); nodaeamu ^ nodamu ^ nodaeanuu (nodaeano) - Bona nonueana w adi6no n o d a e a n u u lu po3izpieaouuu nanumoK (O. KoÓHnaHctKa); Kpacmu ^ noKpacmu ^ noKpadenuu (noKpadeno), 3a6upamu ^ 3a6pamu ^ 3a6panuu (3a6pano) - Kypu n o K p a d e n o ! Yci mpoe, ^ e u nienn e dodany 3 a 6 p a n o (O. floHaeHKo); eunnanyeamu ^ eunnamumu ^ eunnanenuu (eunnaneno) - Eanypa nepezopmae cmopinKu, i neped uozo onuMa Komunucn KpyznenbKi cyMU, e u n n a n e n i donpmM, ceunapKaM, nanKoeuM 3a nepe- euKonamn nnanie (M. BaSamBctKHM) i TaKe iHme; 5) npocTopy: cmenumu

^ eucmenumu ^ eucmenenuu (eucmeneno) - ffonieKa e u c m e n e n a

KunuMaMU, KpyzoM neeenunm zapni KpicnenKa (naHac Mhphhh); eiwamu

^ nepeeicumu ^ nepeeiwenuu (nepeeiweno) - Bidxununucn deepi i enycmunu

Andpin 3 nanbmoM, n e p e e i w e n u M nepe3 pyxy (I. OpaHKo) to^ o.

y poSoTi XonoaoBma Ta Moro nocnifloBHHKiB (XonofloBHH 1979) Haro- nomyeTtca, ^ o 3fle6intmoro nHme rpaHHHHi fliecnoBa Mo^yTt yTBoproBaTH pe3yntTaTHBH. flo rpaHHHHHx niHrBicTH BiflHocaTt nepeflyciM fliecnoBa, ^ o no3HaaaroTt nepexifl 3 oflHoro cTaHy flo iHmoro (cicmu, nnzmu, ynacmu, 3a6ymu i nofliÓHe) a6o HaSyrra aKocTi (do3pimu, no6inimu, nopo3yMniwamu,

nonepeonimu to^ o) - TaKi fliecnoBa 3a3BHHaM RBani^kyroTt aK npoHpcyantm.

TpaHHHHHMH nocTaroTt TaKo^ fliecnoBa, ^ o no3HaaaroTt ujnecnpaMoBam flii, aKi He Mo^yTt TpHBaTH floBro nicna Toro, KonH MeTa flocarHyTa (cMawumu, 6ydy- eamu, eapumu Ta iHme). HerpaHHHHHMH niHrBicTH BBa^aroTt fliecnoBa, ^ o Heo- 6oB’a3KoBo nepeflSaaaroTt oflHy neBHy Mery (dueumucb, 6izmu, cnieamu, npa-

ąoeamu to^ o), a Taram Ti, ^ o no3HaaaroTt cTaH (newamu, 3namu i TaKe iHme).

Ha flyMKy B. O. nnyHraHa, rpaHHHHicTt iMnni^iKye He BnacTHBicTt cHTyapii MaTH pe3yntTaT y3arani, a fle^o iHmy BnacTHBicTt - «nepefl- SaayBaHicTt, eflHHicTt, npHpoflHicTt pe3yntTaTy» (1989, 58). BiH Haronomye, ^ o Sintm afleKBaTHHM e TaKHM onHc pe3yntTaTHBHHX noxiflHHX, ^ o He nepeflSaaae oÓMe^eHHa Ha rpaHHHHicTt aK yHiBepcantHo o6oB’a3KoBe. O3HaKa rpaHHHHocTi iMnni^iKye BnacTHBicTt cHTyapii MaTH caMe nepeflSaayBaHHM pe3yntTaT. fliecnoBaMH 3 peani3oBaHoro rpaHHHHicTro e Bci nep^eKTHBH, 6o o3HaKa rpaHHHHocri e i'xHtoro KaTeropiHHoro o3HaKoro. TaKo^ rpaHHHHicTt npHTaMaHHa M aacTHHi iMnep^eKTHBiB, Toarnme neKcHKo-ceMaHTHHHHM BapiaHTaM fliecniB, ocKintKH b Ko^HoMy KoHKpeTHoMy 3HaaeHHi fliecnoBo Mo^e

Pe3yjibmamue mk06 ’eKm noziHHoi ceManmuKU ma (pyHKąiuHoi zpajuamuKU... ₁₆₁ BHaBMTH pi3He BipHomeHHa 30 rpaHHHHOCTi. rpaHHHHicTB iMnep^eKTHBiB Mae iHraHH xapaKTep, H is nep^eKTHBiB, TaM BOHa noTeHpinHa, noKH ^ 0 He peani30BaHa i Mose SyrH peari3OBaHa nnme 3a neBHHX yMOB.

TaKHM HHHOM, BHpinaeMO 3Ba THnH ^OpM pe3y3BTaTHBHHX KOHCTpyKpiń. flo nepmoro BipHOCHMo $opMH, yTBOpeHi Bip pieoriB, ^ o onHCyroTB CHTyapii 3 npHpOflHHM pe3yntTaTOM, ToSTO TaKHM, aKHH BHxOpHTB i3 CeMaHTHKH OCHOBH MOTHBaTopa: KysbMa HeKeanHoo xodo o dicmaembcn do ceoei koco6okoi, dpwHKaMU n i d n e p m o i xamu (M.CTeaBMax); TaM-mo uozo u c K a n i -

h eH o. PeMiHHi nacu, hozouku, naHąrnwKu, Kjii^i, meopHi, zyMoei nanuty,

mujia. Bce eucino Ha e 6 u m u x oxauHo do ^ u m a zeisdKax, e z e u HH e H u x zaKax (I. BeHpen); flo mampa 3aumna cmapa 3eM<pipa. npm ecna e id K o p -

ko e a Hy nmmKy, cKjMHKy i y eenuKiu Hepen’nHiu Muo4i cMaweHy rnpmonmo

(fl. TKan); W,acnuee wummn, e i d e o u o e a H e ąuMu pyrnMu, B Hami oHi noziMHe HezacHyHuM cnueoM ceoiM (B. 3a6amTa); B w e e u n u m o nepmy HapKy, i Monoduu, e i d e a p e H u u no-Ha6aHcbKoMy cnoco6y eanamoK, napye

e MucKax (O. Io rn ap ) i TaKe iHme. Pe3ynBTamBHiCTB phx aeKCeM 3yMOBaeHa

rpaHHHHiCTro ixHix MOTHBaTopiB. Pe3yrBTaTHBHiCTB p ie i rpynH MoSHa npoinroCTpyBaTH CxeMoro: npopeC / p ia ^ 3aBepmeHHa npopeC y / p ii ^ pe3yntTaT npopeCy / pii.

flo ppyroro - pemTy $opM - pe pe3ynBTamBH, yTBopeHi Bip pieoriB, ^ o onHCyroTB CHTyapii 6e3 npHpopHoro pe3ynBTary. OCoSamiCTro pe3ynBTamBHHx noxipHHx, ^ o onHCyroTB CHTyapii 6e3 npHpopHoro pe3ynBTaTy, e Te, ^ o bohh onHCyroTB TaKHH CTaH, TonHy npHpopy aKoro He MoSHa nepepSanHTH, BHxopanH i3 CeMaHTHKH BipnoBipHoro npepHKara. flo pBoro THny $opM mh BipHOCHMo aeKCHKo-CeMaHTHHHi BapiaHTH iMnep^eKTHBiB, ^ o noBHiCTro no3ÓaBaeHi TaKHx CeMaHTHHHHx o3HaK, aK CnpaMyBaHHa Ha ao rinH e 3aBepmeHHa pii, MeTa pii, HanpaM pii to^ o Ta pieoroBa CnpaMOBaHoro pyxy: B w e 6ynu n e p e c n i e a H i eci nicHi (A. XopyHSHn), cnieamu ^ nepe-

cnieamu - n e p e c n i e a H u u - sacnieamu - 3 a c n i e o h u u - npocnieamu

- n p o c n i e a H u u to^ o; BoHa newana i cnodieanacn, ^ o eoHo npuude 3Hoe,

me Hucme, 3 a 3 h a h e e dumuHcmei noHymmn (M. KoproÓHHCBKHn), 3Hamu ^

sasHamu - 3 a 3 ho h u u - eu3Hamu - e u 3 H a H u u - ni3Hamu - n i 3 H a H u u

Tom,o.

OTse, TpaKTyeMo pe3ynBTamB aK npepHKaTHBHy $opMy, BHpaseHy naCHB- HHMH pienpHKMeTHHKaMH Ta aKpioHaTBHHMH npepHKaTHBHHMH ^OpMaMH Ha -ho, -mo Bip rpaHHHHHx i HerpaHHHHHx nep^eKTHBiB Ta iMnep^eKTHBiB, aKa BHpasae btophhhhh He3BopoTHHH CTaH npepMeTa, ^ o nepepSanae nonepepHro piro.

BHpimeHHa TeopeTHnHHx Ta npaKTHnHHx npoSaeM Kareropii pe3ynBTamBa e BasaHBHM He TiaBKH paa BCeSinHoro 3’aCyBaHHa xapaKTepHCTHKH pieCaoBa, aae h paa onHCy 3araaBHoi CTpyKTypH mobh, aeKCHHHoro CKaapy mobh, 3’aCyBaHHa pHHaMiKH pO3BHTKy MOBH, CTBOpeHHa Kantia.TBHHx rpaMaTHK.

Bió.iioip;u])isi

Boh^apko, O. B. [Boh^apko, A . B.] (1971), TpaMMaT0 necKaa KaTeropaa 0 KOHTeKCT. ^ e H 0 Hrpaq. Boh^apko, O . B. [Boh^apko, A . B.] (1978), TpaMMaT0 necKoe 3HaneH0 e 0 CMHcn. ^ e H 0 Hrpaq.

Bah^phec, ^ . [Bah^phec, ^ . ] (1937), ^0 HrB0 CT0 necKoe BBeqeH0 e b 0 CTop0 ro. MocKBa.

Bhhotpapob, B . B . [Bhhotpa^ob, B . B.] (1 9 7 5 ), H ccneqoB aH0a no pyccK on rpaMMaT0 Ke. MocKBa.

Bhxobahepl, I. P. (1993), TpaMaT0 Ka yKpaiHctKoi MOB0 . C 0 HTaKc0 c: n iq p y n H 0 K. K01B.

TaOBHHCLKA, M . ^ . [TaOBHHCKA, M . ^ . ] (2 0 0 1 ), MHOrO3HaHHOcTb 0 c0 HOH0 M0 a B B0 flO- BpeMeHHon c0 cTeMe pyccK oro rn a ro n a . MocKBa.

GcnEPCEH, O. [EcnEPCEH, O.] (2002), ®0n o c o $ 0a rpaMMaT0 K0 . MocKBa.

3athjtko, A . n . (1996), TeopeT0 nHa rpaMaT0 Ka yKparnctKoi mob0 : M o p ^ o n o ria . ^oH eptK . Mactob, r o . C. [Macpob, r o . C.] (1984), OnepK0 n o acneKTonor0 0 . .HeH0 Hrpafl.

Me^ahjhob, 1.1. [Me^ahhhob, H. H.] (1949), T n aro n . ^ e H0 Hrpaq.

Myhhhk, I. n . [My hhhk, H . n . ] (1 9 7 1 ), TpaMMaT0 necK0 e K aTerop0 0 rn a ro n a 0 0 MeH0 b coBpeMeHHoM pyccKoM n0TepaTypHoM a3tiKe. MocKBa.

HE^anKOB, B. n . , ^xohtob, C . G. [HE^aaKOB, B . n . , ^xohtob, C. E.] (1 9 8 3 ),T 0 n o n o r0 a pe3yntTaT0BHbix KoHcTpyKq00: pe3yntTaToB, cTaT0 B, n a cc 0 B, nep^eKT. ^ e H 0 Hrpaq.

nnyH raH , B. O. [n a ra r a H , B. A .] (1989), K onpeqeneH0 ro p e 3yntTaT0 Ba (yH0 B epcaatH a n 0 cBa3t pe3yntTaT0 Ba 0 npeqenbHocT0 ?) B: « B o n p o c ti a 3biKo3HaH0a». 6, 5 5 -6 3 .

X o a o q o B H a , O . O . [X o a o q o B H a , A . A .] ( 1 9 7 9 ) , n p o B n e M ti rpaM M aT0 a ec K o n T eo p 0 0 . a e H0 Hrpaq.