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Economics as a Discipline of Instrumental Reason. Looking at Economics as a Science from the Perspective of the Frankfurt School of Philosophy

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Annales. Etyka w życiu gospodarczym / Annales. Ethics in Economic Life 2015 Vol. 18, No. 4, December 2015, 73–83 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1899-2226.18.4.05

Jagoda Komusińska

Cracow University of Economics,

Faculty of Economics and International Relations e-mail: [email protected]

Economics as a Discipline of Instrumental Reason.

Looking at Economics as a Science from the Perspective of the Frankfurt School of Philosophy

Abstract

The article is built around the analysis of The critique of instrumental reason by Horkheimer, applied to issues connected with the philosophy of economics. Positive economics is under-stood as an example of a discipline where the pragmatic para- digm has been implemented. Therefore, economics functions within the boundaries of what Horkheimer called instrumental rationality. The starting point is the intel- lectual source shared by economics and the Frankfurt School, namely Kant’s phi- losophy of rationality. In the first part of the article, three of Kant’s ideas that are fundamental to economics are presented, and then the development of their appli- cation in philosophy of science, as seen by Horkheimer in 1947, is laid out. The second part of the article consists of enumerating various distinctive features of eco- nomics that set it apart from other social sciences and which constitute factors for which it can be considered a realm of the reign of ‘instrumental rationality’, with all the threats such an approach provokes. The above-mentioned features concen- trate on treating humans in economics as a means, not as a goal. This aspect of the philosophy of science of the Frankfurt School (unlike its critique of capitalism as an economic system) has not been widely received.

Keywords: Frankfurt School of Philosophy, economics, Horkheimer JEL Classification: B40, B41

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