Geo log i cal Quar terly, 2012, 56 (4): 821–832 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7306/gq.1057
The Beloveža For ma tion of the Rača Unit in the Beskid Niski Mts.
(Magura Nappe, Pol ish Flysch Carpathians) and ad ja cent parts of Slovakia and their equiv a lents in the west ern part of the Magura Nappe; re marks
on the Beloveža For ma tion – Hi ero glyphic Beds con tro versy
Jan GOLONKA and Anna WAŚKOWSKA
Golonka J. and Waśkowska A. (2012) – The Beloveža For ma tion of the Rača Unit in the Beskid Niski Mts. (Magura Nappe, Pol ish Flysch Carpathians) and ad ja cent parts of Slovakia and their equiv a lents in the west ern part of the Magura Nappe; re marks on the Beloveža For ma tion – Hi ero glyphic Beds con tro versy. Geol. Quart., 56 (4): 821–832, doi: 10.7306/gq.1057
Eocene thin-bed ded flysch, wide spread in the Al pine Tethys ocean, is pres ent within the Magura Nappe, the larg est Outer Carpathian unit in Po land and Slovakia. Thin-bed ded flysch sed i men ta tion ac com pa nied by hemipelagic shales took place accross the en tire Magura Ba sin dur ing Eocene times. The lithostratigraphic po si tion of these de pos its has been a sub ject of con sid er able dis cus sion. Dif fer ent names, such as the Hi ero glyphic Beds, Hi ero glyphic For ma tion, Łabowa Shale For ma tion, Grzechynia Sand stones and Beloveža Beds, Beloveža For ma tion have been used in the Outer Carpathians lit er a ture. We show a strik ing re sem blance of the Beloveža Beds (For ma - tion) from its type lo cal ity to the Hi ero glyphic Beds from the Beskid Wysoki area and to typ i cal Beloveža Beds from the Hańczowa Mts.
We pro pose to the name Beloveža For ma tion should be ap plied to thin-bed ded flysch within both Bystrica and Rača units of Magura Nappe and the name Hi ero glyphic For ma tion should be re stricted to the Skole Unit. The orig i nal type lo cal ity in Beloveža near Bardejov in Slovakia is se lected as type sec tion of the Beloveža For ma tion.
Jan Golonka and Anna Waśkowska, Fac ulty of Ge ol ogy, Geo phys ics and En vi ron men tal Pro tec tion, AGH Uni ver sity of Sci ence and Tech nol ogy, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Po land, e-mails: jgolonka@agh.edu.pl; waskowsk@agh.edu.pl (re ceived: March 28, 2012; ac cepted: Sep tem ber 20, 2012; first pub lished on line: November 30, 2012).
Key words: Outer Carpathians, Eocene, Magura Nappe, Rača Unit, Beloveža For ma tion, lithostratigraphy.
INTRODUCTION
The Magura Ba sin was formed in the Mid dle Ju ras sic as part of the Al pine Tethys (Golonka et al., 2006; Ślączka et al., 2006;
Golonka, 2011). Deep-wa ter sed i men ta tion of radiolarites and car bon ates dom i nated ini tially, then from the Late Cre ta ceous flysch sed i men ta tion pre vailed that in cluded the char ac ter is tic thin-bed ded flysch of the Ropianka and Beloveža type, prox i mal thick-bed ded sand stones of the Magura For ma tion and hemi - pelagic red shales. Eocene thin-bed ded flysch sed i men ta tion ac - com pa nied by hemipelagic shales took place across the en tire Magura Ba sin. Since the sec ond half of the 19th cen tury these de - pos its have been stud ied by many sci en tists from the Austro-Hun - gar ian mon ar chy and sub se quently from Po land, the Czech Re - pub lic and Slovakia (e.g., Paul, 1869; Uhlig, 1888; Świdziński, 1947; Książkiewicz, 1948, 1966; Matějka and Roth, 1956; Bieda, 1966; Geroch et al., 1967; Maheľ et al., 1968; Węcławik, 1969;
Sikora, 1971; Bogacz et al., 1979; Nemčok, 1990a, b; Oszczypko, 1991; Oszczypko et al., 2005; Ślączka et al., 2006; Waśkowska and Golonka, 2010 and ref er ences therein). Since 1869 they have been known as the Beloveža Beds (re cently the Beloveža For ma - tion; e.g., Nemčok, 1990a, b). Paul (1869) de scribed these de pos - its at Beloveža near Bardejov (Fig. 1) placed now in Slovakia.
Paul’s clas sic expousure still ex ists and is avail able for de tailed stud ies. It is lo cated on south ern side of the road from Bardejov to Beloveža, near Beloveža it self. One of the au thors (J. Golonka) vis ited this ex po sure forty years ago with the late Jan Nemčok and Tomáš Koráb, who said that the ob ject was known to many Slo - vak ge ol o gists and had re mained un changed since Paul’s time.
This ex po sure was re cently re vis ited and doc u mented. It be longs to the Magura Nappe, Rača Unit (e.g., Matějka and Roth, 1956;
Maheľ et al., 1968; Nemčok, 1990a, b and ref er ences therein) and is shown in Fig ure 1. Out crops of the Beloveža For ma tion are abun dant in the Hańczowa Mts., the west ern part of Beskid Niski moun tain range. We have stud ied these out crops and com pared
them with other Rača Unit lo cal i ties, where iden ti cal de pos its are known as the Hi ero glyphic Beds (Fig. 1). Here, we de scribe their li thol ogy and lithostratigraphic po si tion, micropalaeontological as sem blages within Beloveža For ma tion and de pos its as signed pre vi ously to the Hi ero glyphic Beds within the Rača Unit. We pro pose a uni fied strati graphic scheme of the Magura Paleogene strata in the west ern and east ern part of the Outer Carpathians in Po land and Slovakia.
BELOVEŽA FORMATION IN THE HAŃCZOWA MTS.
LITHOLOGY
A syn thetic pro file of the de pos its of the Rača Unit in the Hańczowa Mts. in the Uście Gorlickie–Wysowa area (Figs. 1
and 2) is de picted in Fig ure 3. The Up per Cre ta - ceous–Paleocene Ropianka For ma tion is over lain by var ie - gated shales of the Łabowa Shale For ma tion fol lowed by the Beloveža For ma tion and the Magura For ma tion (Fig. 4). Ac - cord ing to Węcławik (1969) the Beloveža For ma tion starts just above the last red shale unit of the Łabowa Shale For ma tion. It is rep re sented by thin-bed ded typ i cal flysch with shale dom i - nant (Fig. 5). The typ i cal sand stones are fine-grained gray, blue-gray, steel-gray, si li ceous with abun dant “hieroglyphs”, mainly biogenic in or i gin and rep re sent ing dif fer ent trace fos sil taxa. They com monly dis play lam i na tion, how ever due to their si li ceous ce ment and dense join ing they dis in te grate into pris - matic blocks, not plates. Shales are gray, green-gray, green-blue ol ive green in col our, with a pre dom i nance of clay and with small amounts of car bon ates. These fea tures are char - ac ter is tic of the in ner most part of the Rača Unit. The up per
Fig. 1. The geo log i cal map of the West Carpathians and ad ja cent ar eas with lo ca tion of the study ar eas
1 – Hańczowa Mts., with pro files Klimkówka Lake (Fig. 3), Stara Huta, Ropki, Skwirtne, Blechnarka; 2 – Beloveža area with stratotype pro files; 3 – Beskid Wysoki (Babia Góra) area, with pro file Zawoja (Fig. 3); 4 – Beskid Wysoki (Pilsko) area, con tains pro file Jeleśnia (Fig. 3); 5 – Beskid Wysoki (Milówka) area, with pro file Milówka (Fig. 3); 6 – Beskid Wysoki (Wielka Racza) area, with pro file Ujsoły (Fig. 3) (af ter Golonka et al., 2005, mod i fied)
bound ary is marked by the first thick sand stone of the Magura For ma tion. Many va ri et ies of sand stones and shales can be dis - tin guished within the Beloveža For ma tion as mapped across the en tire Hańczowa Mts. re gion (see Fig. 4). The shales are lo - cally dark with an abun dant ar gil la ceous com po nent, while 1–2 metre thick var ie gated in ter ca la tions are pres ent, par tic u - larly in the north ern part of the re gion. They oc cur at dif fer ent lev els of the Beloveža For ma tion and are usu ally of short lat - eral ex tent. Thicker in ter ca la tions of sand stones are also pres - ent, es pe cially in the up per most part of the for ma tion. The num - ber and thick ness of sandy in ter ca la tions in creases in the up per part, as the cal car e ous com po nent de creases (Sikora, 1971).
BIOSTRATIGRAPHY
Foraminiferal as sem blages from the Beloveža Fm. are usu - ally tax o nom i cally poor, cos mo pol i tan, long-life ag glu ti nated forms with dwarf spec i mens dom i nant. The typ i cal Eocene foraminifera pres ent within as sem blages from the Beloveža Fm. are rep re sented by: Eratidus gerochi Kaminski et Gradstein, Pseudonodosinella elongata (Grzybowski), Praesphaerammina subgaleata (Vašiček), Reticulophrag - mium amplectens (Grzybowski). There are in di vid ual spec i - mens of Ammodiscus latus Grzybowski as well as Chilo - stomella chilostomelloides Vašiček. These have been found in
The Beloveža Formation of the Rača Unit in the Beskid Niski Mts. (Magura Nappe, Polish Flysch Carpathians)... 823
Fig. 2. The geo log i cal map of the Uście Gorlickie–Wysowa area (af ter Rączkowski et al., 1992, mod i fied)
Sec tions stud ied: 1 – Klimkówka Lake, 2 – Uście Gorlickie, 3 – Hańczowa, 4 – Banica, 5 – Ropki, 6 – Regetów
the pelitic de pos its (usu ally in var ie gated in ter ca la - tions). As sem blages with Haplophragmoides parvulus Blaicher and Haplophragmoides nauticus Kender, Kaminski & Jones are com mon. These in di cate a lat est Mid dle Eocene–early Late Eocene age. Haplophrag - mo ides parvulus Blaicher, noted from the Eocene of the Outer Carpathians Bas ins as a good biostratigraphical marker in di cates a late Eocene (e.g., Blaicher, 1961;
Olszewska et al., 1996; Olszewska, 1997; Golon ka and Waśkowska, 2011b and ref er ences therein; Fig. 6). Pre - lim i nary study of Haplophrag moides nauticus Ken der et al. sug gests it is wide spread and im por tant biostratigraphically in Eocene de pos its of the Carpa - thians (Waśkowska-Oliwa, 2008).
Monospecific as so ci a tions of Praesphaerammina subgaleata (Vašiček) as well as as so ci a tions dom i nated by Bathisiphon–Recurvoides or Bathisiphon–Tro - cham mina–Haplophragmoides char ac ter ize the Belo - veža Foramation de pos its. Assemblages with nu mer ous Reti culophragmium amplectens (Grzybowski) oc cur in the lower part of this for ma tion sug gest ing a Lutenian age. Mass oc cur rences of Praesphaerammina subga - leata (Vašiček) are typ i cal, es pe cially of the up per part of the Beloveža For ma tion, as so ci ated with the up per part of the Reticulophragmium amplectens zone and the lower part of the Ammodiscus latus zone (Mid dle Eocene); the biozones are af ter Olszewska (1997; see also Golonka and Waśkowska, 2011a). Węcławik (1969) and Sikora (1971) de ter mined a Mid dle Eocene age for the Beloveža For ma tion at dif fer ent localities in the Beskid Niski Mts.
Sam ples col lected for foraminifera study from the up per most part of the Klimkówka Lake pro file rep re - sent as sem blages rich in Praesphaerammina subgaleata (Vašiček) with oc cur rences of Ammodiscus latus Grzybowski, in di cat ing a Bartonian age. The Magura Sand stones over ly ing the Beloveža For ma tion in this pro file con tain cal car e ous nannoplankton be - long ing to NP 17/18 Zone, in di cat ing the lat est Middle Eocene and ear li est Late Eocene (Oszczypko et al., 2011). Latest Middle Eocene monospecific as so ci a - tions of Praesphaerammina subgaleata (Vašiček) were de ter mined from sam ples taken from the type lo cal ity at Beloveža. Hanzlíková (in Macheľ et al., 1968) also quoted poor microfaunal as sem blages in di cat ing a sim - i lar age (as sem blages with Praesphaerammina subgale ata (Vašiček) and Chillostomelloides ovicula Nuttall).
BELOVEŽA FORMATION (HIEROGLYPHIC BEDS) IN THE BESKID WYSOKI MTS.
LITHOLOGY
The lithostratigraphic in ven tory of the Eocene de - pos its in the Magura–Rača Unit from the Zawoja area (Beskid Wysoki Mts., see Fig. 1) is rep re sented by var - ie gated shales of the Łabowa For ma tion, which pass
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up wards into thin-bed ded turbidites of the Mid dle Eocene Beloveža For ma tion (Hi ero glyphic Beds of Książkiewicz, 1948) with pack ages of thick-bed ded sandy strata lo cated in the lower part of the for ma tion. These pack ages be long to the Pasierbiec and Osielec sand stones and are wide spread only in the Beskid Wysoki (Figs. 1 and 3), Wyspowy and Makowski Mts. (Fig. 1). The Beloveža For ma tion is over lain by thick-bed ded sand stones with in ter ca la tions of the thin turbidites of the Magura For ma tion (Książkiewicz, 1966;
Geroch et al., 1967; Książkiewicz, 1971a, b; Golonka and Wójcik, 1978 a, b; Ryłko et al., 1993; Malata et al., 1996;
Ryłko, 2004; Golonka and Waśkowska, 2011a and ref er ences therein). This clearly starts with first thick-bed ded sandy unit.
The lithological se quence of Eocene thin-bed ded flysch of Beloveža For ma tion is very sim i lar to de pos its de scribed from Beskid Niski Mts. The thin- to thick-bed ded shaly com plexes are interbedded with thin- or me dium-bed ded sand stones (Fig. 7). Shale units con tain mudstones and thin claystones that are grey-green and ol ive in col our. The sand stones are hard, ce - mented by a si li ceous-car bon ate ma trix gray in col our and usu - ally with par al lel lam i na tion. They dis in te grate into small blocks. The nu mer ous “hieroglyphs” (mechano- and bioglyphs) oc cur on their bot tom planes. The flutecasts in di cate trans port of the clastic ma te rial gen er ally from the east (Książkiewicz, 1966, 1971a, b).
BIOSTRATIGRAPHY
Foraminiferal as sem blages are poor and of low tax o nom i - cally diversity. Monospecific as sem blages with Praesphaer - ammina subgaleata (Vašiček) are com mon. Char ac ter is tic Eocene taxa such as Pseudonodosinella elongata (Grzy -
bowski) and Chilostomella chilostomelloides Vašiček are present. As sem blages with Reticulophragmium amplectens (Grzybowski) were no ticed here and they un der lie de pos its with Praesphaerammina subgaleata (Vašiček) (Książkiewicz, 1971a, b; Golonka and Wójcik 1978a, b; Malata, 1981; Malata et al., 1996; Golonka and Waśkowska, 2011a and ref er ences therein). The composition as well as the struc ture of the foraminiferal as sem blages resemble those from the Beloveža For ma tion of the Hańczowa Mts. This micro fauna in di cates Middle/earliest Late Eocene age.
BELOVEŽA FORMATION – HIEROGLYPHIC BEDS CONTROVERSY
Paul (1869) rec og nized the Beloveža Beds at Beloveža near Bardejov in Slovakia (Fig. 1). He in cluded var ie gated shales and thin-bed ded flysch into this unit. Later Uhlig (1889) sep a rated thin-bed ded flysch of the Beloveža Beds from a unit of var ie gated shales (now the Łabowa For ma tion). This di vi - sion was com monly ap plied in the lithostratigraphy of the Magura Nappe in Po land (e.g., Świdziński, 1947; Węcławik, 1969; Bogacz et al., 1979; Malata et al., 1988; Waśkowska and Golonka, 2010) and the name Beloveža Beds was used for the char ac ter is tic shaly-sand stone Eocene de pos its be - tween var ie gated shales of the Łabowa For ma tion and thick-bed ded sand stones of the Magura For ma tion in the Beskid Niski and Sądecki re gion. A dif fer ent approch was taken by Slo vak ge ol o gists. They in clude the var ie gated shales (Łabowa For ma tion in Po land) within the Beloveža Beds (e.g., Maheľ et al., 1968; Leško and Sam uel, 1983; Nemčok, 1990a, b; Polák et al., 2002). They also re strict the term
The Beloveža Formation of the Rača Unit in the Beskid Niski Mts. (Magura Nappe, Polish Flysch Carpathians)... 825
Fig. 4. Strati graphi cal scheme of Paleogene de pos its of the Rača and neigh bour ing units in the Magura Nappe
Fig. 5. Beloveža Fm. in Beloveža–Hańczowa Mts. re gion
A – Beloveža (type sec tion), height of pic ture 15 m; B – Klimkówka Lake; C – Hańczowa (Ropa River val ley), height of pic ture 10 m; D – Ropki (Ropka Stream val ley), height of pic ture 5 m; E – Izby (Biała River val ley – the wa ter fall is at the bound ary be tween the Beloveža Fm. and the Poprad Sand stone Mb.), height of pic ture 5 m; F, G – bioglyphs (Klimkówka Lake sec tion); H – var ie gated shale in ter ca la tions in the up per part of Beloveža Fm.
(Klimkówka Lake sec tion)
The Beloveža Formation of the Rača Unit in the Beskid Niski Mts. (Magura Nappe, Polish Flysch Carpathians)... 827
Fig. 6. Microscope im ages of foraminifera from the Wysowa–Uście Gorlickie area
A – Psammosiphonella cylindrica (Glaessner); B, E – Bathysiphon sp.; C, D – Nothia excelsa (Grzybowski); F – Ammodiscus tenuissimus Grzybowski;
G, H – Glomospira charoides (Jones et Parker); I – Glomospira gordialis (Jones et Parker); J – Ammodiscus peruvianus Berry; K–M – Haplophragmoides parvulus Bleicher; N – Haplophragmoides walteri (Grzybowski); O – Trochamminoides cf. dubius (Grzybowski); P, R – Recurvoides walteri (Grzybowski); S – Trochammnina sp.; T – Karrerulina conversa (Grzybowski); U – Eratidus gerochi Kaminski et Gradstein; W – Paratrochamminoides gorayskii (Grzybowski); X–Z – Praesphaerammina subgaleata (Vašiček); scale bar – 100 mm
Fig. 7. The Beloveža Fm. in the Beskid Wysoki and Beskid Makowski re gions
A, B – Wilczna (Beskid Wysoki); C, D – Łętownia (Beskid Makowski re gion); E – Zawoja–Mosorny Stream (Beskid Wysoki re gion);
A – height of pic ture 25 m, C – height of pic ture 10 m
Magura For ma tion to the Krynica Unit, ap ply ing dif fer ent names such as Kycera Sand stone or Makovica Sand stone.
Potfaj (2003, sea also Potfaj et al., 2002) at tempted to sub di - vide the Beloveža For ma tion in the Kysuca re gion south-west of the Beskid Wysoki Mts., us ing pro vi sional terms such as
“Beloveža beds of Bystrica prov e nance”.
Si mul ta neously, in the Rača Unit in the more west ern area of the Beskid Wysoki Mts. the name Hi ero glyphic Beds was used af ter Książkiewicz (1948) who first ap plied this name to Eocene thin-bed ded flysch de pos its in the Magura Nappe north of the Babia Góra area. The term Hi ero glyphic Beds, how ever, has ex isted in the lithostratigraphical no men cla ture of the Outer Carpathians since 1879 when Paul and Tietze (1879) dis tin - guished thin-bed ded flysch within the Skole Nappe pro file (see Fig. 1). The Hi ero glyphic Beds in the Beskid Wysoki area (Sikora and Żytko, 1959; Żytko, 1962; Bieda, 1966;
Jednorowska, 1966; Książkiewicz, 1966; Golonka and Wójcik, 1978a, b; Golonka, 1981; Malata, 1981; Ryłko, 1992) are sim i lar to the Beloveža Beds in the Beskid Niski area both in lithological com po si tion and in their po si tion within the Magura Ba sin pro file. A term with a geo graph ical el e ment – the Grzechynia Hi ero glyphic sand stones or for ma tion (Golonka and Wójcik, 1978a, b; Wójcik et al., 1996) – has also been used. The name Hi ero glyphic Beds was later also in tro duced into the
Beskid Niski area (Sikora, 1971; Rączkowski et al., 1992;
Węcławik and Wójcik, 1995). The term Hi ero glyphic Beds is still in use within the Rača Unit in the Pol ish Carpathians (e.g., Malata et al., 1996; Ryłko, 2004; Ślączka et al., 2006;
Leszczyński, 2008). The Beloveža Beds sand stones sensu Książkiewicz (1966) con tain more car bon ate ce ment and dis in - te grate into plates. A si li ceous ce ment is char ac ter is tic of the Hi - ero glyphic Beds sand stones. This fea ture, to gether with a dense net work of joints, causes blocky, pris matic dis in te gra tion of the sand stones. The col our of shales within the Beloveža Beds in the Bystrica unit south of Babia Góra is brighter within gray, green-gray, green-blue ol ive green va ri et ies. The Czech and Slo - vak ge ol o gists ap plied the name Beloveža Beds to the un di vided red (var ie gated) shales and thin-bed ded flysch within the en tire Magura Unit (e.g., Matejka and Roth, 1956; Maheľ et al., 1968 and ref er ences therein).
Cur rently the name Beloveža For ma tion is in use for the Bystrica Unit (Fig. 1). Oszczypko (1991) for mal ized the lithostratigraphy for this unit and pro vided ref er ence sec tions in the Zbludza and Żeleźnikowski streams (lo cated within the oval in Fig. 1). Later he as signed the Hi ero glyphic Beds sensu Książkiewicz (1966) in the Rača Unit to the Beloveža For ma tion with out new type lo cal i ties or in-depth dis cus sion (see Oszczypko, 2002; Oszczypko et al., 2002, 2005; Oszczypko in Wag ner, 2008).
The Beloveža Formation of the Rača Unit in the Beskid Niski Mts. (Magura Nappe, Polish Flysch Carpathians)... 829
Fig. 8. Paleogeography of the Outer Carpathian bas ins dur ing the Late Eocene–ear li est Oligocene Du – Dukla, Fm – Fore-Magura Ba sin, ICP – In ner Carpathian Paleogene, SI – Silesian Ba sin, SK – Skole Ba sin,
SR – Silesian Ridge, SS – Sub-Silesian sed i men tary area from Golonka (2011), mod i fied
The age of the Beloveža For ma tion of the Rača Unit is still sub ject to dis cus sion. The Mid dle Eocene (Lutetian–Bartonian) to ear li est Late Eocene age was de ter mined on the ba sis of foraminiferal as sem blages (Sikora and Żytko, 1959; Bieda, 1966; Geroch et al., 1967; Książkiewicz, 1971a, b; Sikora, 1971;
Malata, 1981; Wójcik, 1992; Golonka and Waśkowska, 2011a and ref er ences therein). In the Lubomierz sec tion (lo cated within the oval in Fig. 1), the low er most part of the pro file was as signed to the Early Eocene us ing ag glu ti nated foraminifera, but nannoplankton as sem blages are rep re sen ta tive of the Mid dle Eocene–Lutetian (Oszczypko et al., 2005). The late Mid dle Eocene (Lutetian) to Late Eocene (Prabonian) in ter val was also in di cated (Oszczypko, 1992; Wag ner, 2008).
The Beloveža Beds (For ma tion) from Paul’s (1869) type lo cal ity dis plays strik ing re sem blance to the typ i cal Hi ero - glyphic Beds from the Zawoja area in the Beskid Wysoki area (Fig. 7) and to typ i cal Beloveža Beds from the Hańczowa Mts.
(Fig. 5). Their li thol ogy, strati graphi cal po si tion, sed i men tary en vi ron ment, age, fos sils and lo ca tion within the Magura Ba sin are very sim i lar. Lat eral vari a tions e.g., oc cur rences of thin var - ie gated shales, in ter ca la tions of sandy units (Osielec, Pasierbiec mem bers) or vari a tions in sil ica con tent re flect dif - fer ences within the lo cal sed i men tary en vi ron ment of the Magura Ba sin. By con trast, the Beloveža For ma tion at its type lo cal ity and in the ref er ence sec tion in the Zbludza Stream (Oszczypko, 1991) and at other lo cal i ties in the Bystrica Unit dis play dif fer ences in li thol ogy, strati graphic po si tion and lo ca - tion within the Magura Ba sin. The name Beloveža For ma tion may be still ap pli ca ble here, but re quires re def i ni tion.
The sys tem atic ar range ment of the lithostratigraphic units ac cord ing to their oc cur rence within the orig i nal bas ins and in other sed i men tary ar eas will lead to the uni fi ca tion of these units across the West Carpathians flysch out crops in Po land, the Czech Re pub lic and Slovakia (Golonka and Waśkow - ska-Oliwa, 2007). Palinspastic re con struc tions (Golonka et al., 2000, 2006, 2011 and ref er ences therein) show ing that sed i - men ta tion in the Carpathian bas ins took place within a few deep-wa ter bas ins sep a rated by ridges. The num ber of ridges and their po si tions changed through the Ju ras sic to Oligocene/Mio cene. The Paleocene/Eocene was pe riod of re - build ing of the Carpathian bas ins. As a re sult, two bas ins, the rem nant Magura Ba sin and the ex ter nal Menilite–Krosno (Silesian, Skole) Ba sin orig i nated at the end of the Eocene (Fig. 8) and were fully de vel oped dur ing Oligocene times (Golonka et al., 2000; Ślączka et al., 2006; Golonka and Waśkow ska-Oliwa, 2007; Golonka, 2011 and ref er ences
therein). The Hi ero glyphic For ma tion (Beds) of Paul and Tietze (1879) was de pos ited within the ex ter nal ba sin. This for ma tion rep re sents thin-bed ded Eocene flysch de pos its rich in hieroglyphs de pos ited. The type lo cal ity is lo cated within the Skole Nappe (see Paul and Tietze, 1879; Rajchel, 1990). Fol - low ing pri or ity, it is better to re strict the name Hi ero glyphic For ma tion to the Skole Nappe in the Outer Carpathians and to re de fine sim i lar de pos its in Silesian Nappe rep re sent ing the same Menilite–Krosno Ba sin. The term Beloveža For ma tion should be ap plied to Eocene de pos its of the Magura Ba sin (rep - re sented mostly in Magura Nappe), sep a rate from the Menilite–Krosno sed i men tary area.
CONCLUSIONS
We pro pose the fol low ing ap proach to the Hi ero glyphic Beds, Hi ero glyphic For ma tion, Łabowa Shale For ma tion, Beloveža Beds and Beloveža For ma tion:
– to ap ply name Łabowa Shale For ma tion to a mappable con tin u ous Paleocene–Lower/Mid dle Eocene var ie - gated shale unit in the Magura Nappe;
– to ap ply name Beloveža For ma tion to thin-bed ded flysch with in both Bystrica and Rača Units of the Magura Nappe;
– to use the orig i nal type lo cal ity of Paul (1869) at Beloveža near Bardejov (Slovakia) for the type sec tion of the Beloveža For ma tion. Lo cal i ties in Wilczna (Beskid Wysoki Mts.) and Uście Gorlickie (Beskid Niski Mts.) in Rača Unit should be used as ref er ence sec tions;
– to es tab lish new mem bers within the Beloveža For ma - tion; for ex am ple the Zbludza Shale Mem ber for thin-bed ded flysch in the Bystrica Unit, the Grzechynia Shale Mem ber for the north ern part of the Rača Unit;
also for thick-bed ded sand stone in ter ca la tions such as the Pasierbiec Sand stone Mem ber and Osielec Sand - stone Mem ber;
– to re strict name Hi ero glyphic For ma tion to the Skole Nappe in the Outer Carpathians and sim i lar re worked de pos its in the Silesian Nappe and other units con nected with the early stages of the Menilite–Krosno Ba sin, that orig i nated dur ing Eocene times.
Ac knowl edge ments. This re search has been fi nan cially sup ported by AGH Uni ver sity of Sci ence and Tech nol ogy in Kraków grant no. 11.11.140.173.
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