To Harness the unlimited potential of the oceans

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WAVE ENERGY UTILIZATION BREAKWATER

[Wave power generation breal<water)

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> cover 360 million km^ 70% of the earth's surface. An important source of food for man, e.g., ind seaweed, the oceans now offer unlimited potential for the future.

of such potential is the clean and unlimited energy of the ocean, including waves, tides, curr-ea temperature difference.

the effort to establish technology to effectively utilize the energy of the oceans, the Ministry 'rt has developed a new type of caisson which is capable of generating electricity through use ergy, with improved wave dissipation capability to protect ports and harbors,

•ification experiment on the caisson being conducted at Sakata port, Yamagata Prefecture, is as the world's f i r s t full-scale experiment on a wave energy utilizing system, and is receiving tion from many countries.

Wave Energy in Japan

Japan, consisting of 6,800 islands of various sizes, has 34,325km of coastline, providing unli-mited opportunities to utilize the energy of the oceans.

In particular, the side facing the Japan Sea is estimated to receive 17kw of wave energy per meter of coast in the winter, which is equivalent to the total energy consumption of 54 avera-ge households.

Field verification experimentation on the full-scale wave power generation system, therefore, is expected to serve as a major step toward commercialization of wave energy utilization sy-stems.

104

October November December January February

1989

March

COASTAL WAVE ENERGY

Unit:kw/m

District Spring Summer Fall Winter Annual Average Hokkaido 3.1 1.7 5.7 6.5 4.3

Main Island

facing Pacific Ocean 7.2 5.3 9.8 6.4 7.2 Main Island

facing Japan Sea 5.0 1.0 • 6.4 17.4 7.5 Main Island

facing East China Sea 0.6 1.2 0.4 0.5 0.7 Amami and Okinawa 4.0 4.3 6.9 7.3 5.6

Location

Completed in 1988

Experimentation Schedule

Research and experimentation on wave energy ab-sorbing (utilization) breakwater have been conduc-ted since 1982 by the Port and Harbor Research Institute under the Ministry of Transport.

As a result, such characteristics as function and stability were clarified.

Based on these results, a system to convert wave energy into electric energy was developed.

The field verification experimentation has been conducted under the cooperation of many corpora-tions and research organizacorpora-tions.

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 Design Construction Measurement Basic Design Detailed Design Selection of Construction method Designing of Measurement Systems

P

and Processing Systems Data A n a l y s i s

The Ministry of Transport Power Generation Power Utilization Designing of P o w e r Generation Systems Designing of Power Utilization Systems Installation of Machines Local Investigation Data Analysis Private Industries

Shape of Experimental Caisson

Wave Period TM 14.5sec Incidence Angle 25°

The experimental caisson has a sloped upper portion with openings on the front side, capable of reducing wave reflection and pressure. The experimental caisson consists of an air chamber to convert wa-ve energy into air pressure, a generator room, and a data measure-ment room.

(Unit:m)

Wave Power Generation System

Electricity is generated by using air pressure produced by the vertical movement of waves.

The wells turbine, which rotates in a specified direction regardless of air flow, is directly connected to a generator having a maximum output of 60KW.

Data Collection

During the field verification experiments, a variety of data are collected by instruments and w i l l be use¬ d to establish wave power generation technology using caisson breakwaters, including design, construct-ion, and operation of the wave energy utilizing caisson.

Data transmission between the experimental caisson and an onshore observation station is provided by submarine optical/power cables.

Uplift Gague, Speed Meter Ware Pressure Gauge Differential Pressure Gauge Reinforcement Gauge

Power Meter, Step-Type Wavemeter

Investigation Items

Oceanographic Conditions

Ph enomenon Measurement Items

Wave Height, P e r i o d and D i r e c t i o n Ultrasonic Wavemeter Quantity ) H lUnit

.Water Pressure Type I .

' Wavemeter ' ' 5 ' ^ " " Stability of Caisson E x t e r n a l F o r c e Up l i f t Wave Pressure 2Unit 5Unit S a f e t y of Members A i r Output Efficiency Power Generation Efficiency

Internal Stress Energ>' Absorption Efficiency Pressure in the A i r Chamber S t r e s s in R e i n f o r c e m e n t B a r s Water Levels in the

A i r Chamber

Turbine Speed Differential Pressure between Incoming and Outgoing

A i r to and from the Turbine Generated Power and Voltage

P o w e r Source P r o t e c t i o n System Valve Conditions ^ Step-Type ^ Wave meter IBUnit 20Unit ISet lUnit Each Battery Voltmeter lUnit ( Monitor ) _4Unit

Demonstration on Electricity Utilization

The observation station consists of a data monitoring room and a display room.

The display room w i l l include a system to breed seawater fish using the electricity generated by the ex-perimental caisson, as well as an experiment on electrodeposition (electrolysis), and w i l l display curre-nt wave conditions and power generation on a CRT screen.

In addition, a mobile model demonstrating the principles of wave power generation and panels on wave e¬ nergy w i l l be displayed.

This experiment is being conducted under the cooperation of the following persons. C O A S T A L D E V E L O P M E N T I N S T I T U T E O F T E C H N O L O G Y

• OHMOTOGUMI C O . , L T D • KAJIMA CORPORATION

• KAWASAKI S T E E L CORPORATION • JAPAN INDUSTRIAL LAND

D E V E L O P H E N T C O . , L T D • PENTA-OCEAN CONSTRUCTION C O . , L T D • S A E K I K E N S E T S U KOGYO C O . , L T D • SHIMIZU CORPORATION • SUMITOMO M E T A L I N D U S T R I E S , L T D • T A I S E I CORPORATION • DAITO KOGYO C O . , L T D • TOA CORPORATION • TOYO CONSTRUCTION C O . , L T D • P . S . C O N C R E T E C O . , L T D • Fuji Electric Co.,Ltd • HONMA CORPORATION

• MITSUI ENGINEERING & SHIPBUILDING CO.,LTD • MITSUI HARBOUR & URBAN CONSTRUCTION

C O . , L T D • RYOKUSEISHA CORPORATION • RINKAI CONSTRUCTION C O . , L T D • WAKACHIKU CONSTRUCTION C O . , L T D YOKOHAMA NATIONAL U N I V E R S I T Y MURORAN I N S T I T U T E OF TECHNOLOGY TOKYO UNIVERSITY

JAPAN MARINE S C I E N C E AND

TECHNOLOGY C E N T E R YAMAGATA P R E F E C T U R E

OCEAN ENERGY RESOURCES

Natural energy has unlimited potential

Wave Power

Temperature Difference in Ocean

Tidal Difference

Current

Wind Power

Sun Light

THE FIRST DISTRICT PORT CONSTRUCTION BUREAU

MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT

SAKATA PORT CONSTRUCTION OFFICE

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