The Study of Fatigue Failure Performanceof Uehicle MetalStructures Used inTransportation of Corrosive Materials

Acta &le.han.a 5 ovaca 2t (l):43.t2,2016

A.ta Me.hahi.a Slovaca lsslll!!9.2]93

The

Study

of Fatigue

Failure

Performance

of Uehicle

MetalStructures

Used

in

Transportation

of Corrosive

Materials

Pavlo Popovychr. Liubov Poberezhna 2,0leg Lyashukl,0leg Tsonl,0ksana Shevchukl, Janette Brezinovd I and Anna Guzanovd 3F

Ternop llvan PulujNat 0nalTe(hnicalUniver5rty, Ruskd 5lr.56,Ternopi,lkra ne

'lvanoFrankivskNali0nalMedicalUnive6ity,6alytlkasl|2,lvan0-Frankiv5k,Ukraine rTechnica _{llnlveriily of Koi.e, Letnil 9, Koiice,SIovak a}

Abstfad: The processes of corrosio n-fatig u e failure of materials in contact with mineral fertilizers are insufficiently studied. As a result of joint influence of a t m o s p h e r i c c o r r o s i o n a n d m e c h a n i c a l l o a d s , a b o u t 7 0 b 8 A o / o o f m a c h i n e p a r t s get out of ordet 20 b 25a/o af which are fai ures caused by operating overload d u e to t h e s t r e n g t h l o s s b e c a u s e o f a t m o s p h e r i c c o r r o s i o n . A l a r g e p a r t o f m e t a l s t r u c t u r e s o f a g r i c u l t u r a l v e h i c l e s u s e d t o t r a n s p o r t m i n e r a l f e r t l l j z e r s i s u n d e r t h e d i r e c t i n f l u e n c e o f a g g r e s s i v e e n v i r o n m e n t s a n d d y n a m i c l o a d s t h a t o c c u r d u r i n g t h e m o t i o n b y f e l d r o a d s . S a t u r a t e d s o l u t i o n s o f t h e m o s t a g g r e s s i v e w o r k i n g e n v i r o n m e n t s u s e d in a g r i c u l t u r a l p r o d u c t i o n , i n p a r t i c u l a r a m m o n i u m s u l p h a t e and nitrophosphate are investigated to reduce fatigue resistance of ordinary steels g r o u p s - St3 and St5 (GOST 2 6 5 1 : 2 0 0 5 ; D I N 1 7 1 0 0 ) a n d q u a l i t y s r e e j s - 10 Sreel, 1 5 S t e e l , 2 0 S t e e l , 2 5 S t e e l ( G O S T 1 0 5 0 - 8 8 ; D I N 1 7 2 0 0 ) w h e n l o a d e d a t a l l le v e l s . T h e la t i g u e e n d u r a n c e l i m i t d e c r e a s e s i n c o m p a r i s o n w i t h a i r u p t o 2 . 0 2 t i m e s i n a s o l u t i o n o f a m m o n i u r n s u l p h a t e , a n d to 2 . 3 2 t i m e s i n a s o l u t i o n o l n i t r o o h o s D h a t e . I n o r g a n i c f e r t i l i z e r e n v i r o n m e n t s , c o m p a r e d t o d i s t i l l e d w a t e r , t h e c o n d i t i o n a l t a t i g u e e n d u r a n c e J i m i t i n c r e a s e d t o 9 % 0 . T h e p r o p e r t i e s o f t h e g i v e n m a t e r i a l s a s a n in h i b i t o r o f c o r r o s i o n f a t i g u e f a i l u r e w e r e d i s r o v e r e d a n d p r o v e o .

KeywotdS: Tractor-traiJer, metai structure, carbon steels, agficultural working environment, fatigue fracture, fatigue iimit.

1. lntroduction

The key factors of fatigue and corrosion-fatigue fa ilu re of vehicte metat structu res u s e d in a g r i c u l t u r a l p r o d u c t i o n d e t e r m i n e t h e s t a t e o f w o r k i n g s u r f a c e s , l o a d parameters, environments aggressiveness degrees in consideration ofthe different k i n d s o f f e r t i l i z e t w e a t h e r c o n d i t i o n s , e t c . [ 3 , 7 , 8 ] . O n e x a m i n i n g i h e t e c h n i c a l s t a t e of agricuitural machinery after 3 years of operation, it is observed that corrosion c o n t r i b u t e s t o a p p r o x i m a t e l y 8 0 7 0 o f a l l m e c h a n i c a l a i l u r e s o f a s s e m b l y u n i t s l g , 9 l , Fjg. 1, Fig. 2. The corrosion fatigue failure is the result of addirive effects of servjce l o a d s , e n v i r o n m e n t s , a n d t h e r m o d y n a m i c l a b i l i t v o f m e t a l s t r u c L u r e s m a r e n a s . C o r r o s i o n d a m a g e s a n d i g h t - g a g e s h e e t m e t a I fa i l u r e s c h a n g e a s t a t e o f w o r k p i e c e suri'ace and intensifl/ the wear processes. They significantly degrade trjbotechnical

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o r o p e n : e s a n d c o r r o s o n p o c e s s e s , . a u s : n g a s i m u l t a ^ e o u ( d e c r e a s e ; n f a t i g J e s t r e n g t h . A ( a r e s u l t , t h e r e l i a b i l i t y a n d d u r a b i l i t y o f v e h i c l e s a r e significantly reduced. - ^ e p ' o c e c s e s o ' c o r o s o n t a t i g L F 'a i l u r e o ' m a t e r i a l s i n c o n t a c t w i t h o r g a n i c a n d m i n e r a l fertilizers are insufficiently studied. The absence o f r e l a b i e d d t a 'n a k e s t d i f f i c u l t t o o e v e l o p _{" q w} effective methods of corrosion protection of a g r i c u l t u r a l f e r t i l i z i n g m a c h i n e s . l n p a r r i c u l a r , i n 1 2 , 3 , 5 1 , t w o s t e e l s a r e s t u d i e s w i t h o u t t a k i n g i n t o account Ihe fact that for manufacturing metal s t r u c t u r e s o f t h i s c l a s s m a c h i n e r y , t h e w h o l e r a ' r g e o ' ( - a n d a d a n d q u a l i L y s t e e l s a r e a p p l i e o . There is a need for experimental research of the whole range of metal materials of tractortrailers, fertilizing machines, etc. under the influence of corrosive agricultural environments. The results of such research could be used as input data for the objective and quantitative assessrnent of o p c a b i l i t y p a ' a r - e - e r s o f l h e g i v e n . y p e v e n c J F s .

Fig.1t Caffasian fatigue failures of machine units used in agticul-tutalptooucflan.

Fig. 2t Welded fotigue failures of light-gage sheet metal stucturcs

2. Materials

and

technique

For fatigue

and corrosion

fatigue

tests

11l,

the

cylindrical specimens (Fig. 3) with a diameter of 10 mm (GOST 23A26-78) made of standard steels 5t3, S t 5 (S O 2 6 5 1 : 2 0 0 5 ; D I N 1 7 T 0 0 ) a n d q u a l i t y s t e e l s ]0 Steel; 15 Steel, 20 Steel, 25 Steel (GOST 1050-88; DiN 17200) under supply condition were used. The working body was an aluminum oxide wheel 3B25SM|K. After turning, the grinding allowance was 0.35 mm. Rotation velocity of a specimen was 3 m/min, linear velocity of a stone - 30 m/sec, depth olgrinding during the final passage - 0.005 mrnlrev

< r r f ; r o r n r ^ h n a ( ( R 7 = l c | | m

b o l t r s p e c m e ^ l ' o l d e r ) f L g . 3). T h e p F ( \' o n o' measurements of the prepared specimens working area was 0.01 mm.

Fig.3: General appeor0nce and specimen designatian fat fatigue tests before and oftet study.

Distilled water as a standard test condensate of water or rainwater, saturated soluiions of a m m o n i u m s u l p h a t e a n d n i t r o p h o s p h a t e , m i x e d l i q u i d m a n u r e o f c a t t l e a n d p i g s i n p r o p o r t i o n 1/2 acted as corrosive environments 12, 3, 5, 101. Acidity levels of environments before and after L h e e x o e im e ^ l a t .. u d i e s w e . e m e a s u e d o y p - l meter | 160M. Fatigue tests were carried out on t h e e q u i p m e n t I M A 5 . T h e s p e c i m e n s w e r e lo a d e d by the scheme of rotating bend; cycle asyrnmetry coefficient was R= -1 11,2,5,61. Afast{peed cou nting device before fracture N fixed the nurnber ofcycles. Based on obtained data, the Wohler curves were built.Tests started at 2,/3 o", incrementally reducing the value to the limit of endurance d'-l within the framework of research (10i cycles - when tested in air, 5 '107 cycles - in environments under study). As a research material, 5-l5 specimens at a level ol stress (0.95 ... 1.05).o-r were used. Based on the l e s e a r r _{" l e s r . 1 1 s .} f L e f ) t n r . e li ' - r w a s d . t e r r i r e d . Two specimens under study remained non-failed d ' l e r ' e a ' h i ' g t h e s p e . li e d d d l a b a s e o l t e s . i n g . A f t e r e x a m i n i n g l0 - 1 5 s p e c i m e n s , t h e f a t i q u e c u r v e s w e r e b u i l t [1 ] .

V0tLl]\lE 21, No. 1,2017

3. Results

and

Discussion

The study of ordinary sreels St3, St5 (GOST 2 6 5 1 : 2 0 A 5 ; D I N 1 7 1 0 0 ) a n d q u a l i t y s t e e l s - 10 Sreel, 15 Steel, 20 Steel, 25 Steel (GOST 1050-88; DIN 17200) _{proved that in the whole range of loads,} the resistance of quality steels to corrosion fatigue failure in environments ol mineral fertilizers, as compared with air and standard resr envtronment condensate (rainwate0, was significantly reduced. ( F i g . 1 , T a b . 1 ) .

I n a s o l u t i o n o l a m m o n i u m s u l p h a t e , t h e conventional limit of qua lity stee s corrosion fatigue, maximum for 10 Steel, decreased to 2.02 times, i n a s o l u t i o n o f n i t r o p h o s p h a t e - to 2.3T times compared with air, accordingly, to 1.3 and T .49 times compared with distilled water. In organic fertilizer environments, compared to distilled water, the conditional fatigue endurance imit increased to 970. Therefore, the properties ofthe given material as an inhibitor ofcorrosion-fatig ue fa ilure were discovered and proved _[2,3].The same tendencies in resistance to corrosion-fatigue failure in environments under study are observed in ordinary steels St3, St5 (Fig.4, T a b . 1 ) .

l e s s ; ^ t e ^ s e i - o a L t o n r ^ e s i e e , 5 'd l g u e e n d u r a n c e l i m i t o f t w o g r o u p s o f m i x e d m a n u r e under study compared to mineral fertilizers was noticed. However, the negative impact of

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Mechanica

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n t

E

o

d

E

Fig.4t F0tique curves al standard steels and quality steels in warking environments: ai -rl,a; sotuated salution of nitraphosphate O,O;saturoted solution af ammanium sulphate L, L;frxedmonure-V,Y.

fa6le 1t Fatigue endurance limits of metalstructurc materids inworking enviranments, MPo.

10?

108'

N. cycles

Steel AiT qryonic fenilher Dktilled watel Mineral fertilizers

Annoniun sulphate Nitrophosphote

Sr3 1 9 7 139 121 93 85 208 146 1 2 7 98 89 10 steel 192 r35 1 2 4 95 83 15 Steel 202 1 4 3 't 36 102 90 20 Steel 207 1 4 7 1 3 5 104 90 25 steel 219 1 5 6 143 f i l 96

environrnent on the conditional fatigue endurance limit in comparison with the standard test rainwater was not noticed.

4. (onclusions

The influence ofthe most aggressive environments of agricultural production on fatigue fracture of agricultural trailers steel elements is analyzed. ln particular, in the whole range of applied loads, the resistance of ordinary steels groups under study - St3, St5 (lSO 2651: 2 0 0 5 ; D I N 1 7 1 0 0 ) a n d q u a l i t y s t e e l s u n d e r < t L d y - 10 sTeel, 1 5 S r c e l , 2 0 S r e e l . 2 5 Steel (GOST 1050-88; DIN 17200\ to the

steels

compared

to mineral

fertilizers

was

noticed.

5. References

[1] Pokhmurskyi,V 1., Khoma M. 5. (2008). Corroslon Fatigue of Metals and Alloys. (Kopo3iiHa BroMa MeraniB ra cnnaBiB). Spolom, Lviv.

[2] Popovych P (2014). Pecu iaritles ofCorrosion and Corrosion Fatigue Behavior of 20 Steel in Water Environments of Min-eral and Oiganlc Fertilizers. Corrosion and Corrosion Resis-tance of Materlals (Corroslon-2o14), Physical and Chem cal l\lechanics of Materials, Vol. 2, special edition, No. 12, 833-B3B.

l3l Popovich, P V, Slobodyan, Z. B. (2014). Coirosion and Elec-trochemlcal Behavlors of 20 Steel and St.3 Steel in Ammo-nlum Sulfate and Nitrophoska. l\,4aterials Science, Vol. 49, No.6,819-826.

hl Severnev, Nl. M., Kaplun, G. P, Korotkelych, V A., Kot, S. N. (1972). The Wear of Agricultural Machinery. Kolos Publish-ers, Leningrad.

[5] Barna, R. A., Popovich, P V (2014). Influence of Operating Media on the Fatigue Fracture ofSteels for Elements ofAgri-cultural Machines. Alaterials Science,Vol. 50, No.3,377-380. 16l Shchurin, K.Vl(1994). Predictlon and the Increase of Fatigue

Durability of Agri.ultural Tra.tor Trailers Bu k Systems. OPl, Orenburg.

[7] Severnyi, A. E. (l993). The Corrosion Resistance of Agricul tural Machinery (CoxpaHFeMocrb I laulrra or Koppo3l,ru cerbcKoxo3rrcrBeHHoir rexHIKr). GOSN Tl, lvloscow IBJ Gaydar, S. M. (2011). The Wear and Corrosion Resistance

of Agri.ultural Machinery by l\leans of Nanotechnologies.

MSAU, Moscow.

[9] Severnev M. /V., Podlecarev N. N., Sokhagze V Sh. et al. (201 _{l). Wear and Corrosion} of Agricultural fvlachinery. Na-vuka, Mlnsk.

Bioqraphi(al notes

Pavlo Popovytlr, DrSt. prof., lng, PhD.: he grudutted frcn the len\pil lv1n Puluj NaLi\nll le(hni&l Univesity, Methaniol fI(ulty, in 1995. P1siti1n: Pr1fessat, He1d 0f the Dep1rtnent 0f trInsp\rt te[hnal\gy. Spe(i0]izati0n: ne(h0ni6, transpaft te(hnalagks, neth1tls f\t Issessing 1nd inpr\ving lfe suppartinq sylems 0f vehkles with rEad aggressively - \perItian1l fIdats. He wls wtitten nare th1n 200 publkItians (in tnglsh, Russian Ind Ukr1inian langutgu) in the aret af tronsput te(hn1lagks, tI(ture med0ni6, tes1urc 0f onstru(tians af vehides, te(hnkal di1gnInks.

Iiubov Poberezhna, PhD.: she graduated frIm the Prcurpathian Nati\n1l Univusify, Mathenatk F1(ulty in 2AA2. Plsiti1n: Ass\(i1te Prcfessar 0f the Dep1ttnent 0f Medk1l lnf0rnati6, Medi(al and Bi1hgk1l Physks. \pe(ializ|ti\n: fcolagkal problems of wor offeded territaty, tnvir\nnental sofety. She publisha in the 0re0 e1rth yienes, eol\gkIl risk 1nIlysis Ind m1nagenenL s\il ne(honi6 et(.

0leg lashuk, DrSL ptof., lng, PhD.: he grldulted fram the Iernapil lv1n Puluj N1tian1l ledtnk1l Univesity, fIdty 0f Canputer ledn1lagiet, in )0A1. P7siti1n: Profeyat Head of the Department af Iut1mabile trunspart. \peti1lz1ti1n: meth0ni6, Iut\mabile tnnsp\rt, ttansp\tt Ind te(hn\lagkIl nI(hines mechInisns, the inpIo af kinemati: p0r0mete6 af bounte md pitch n1tians af wheeled vehkles with nanlinear (haraderisti\. He wIt written n\re th1n 2AA publkati1ns (in [nglish, Russiln and Ukninian lanquaqes) in the are7 0f te(hnk1l diIgn\stks, transpart - technalagiel m\(hines medlnisms. 0leg lson, PhD., Astkt0nt Ptofetsor grIduated ft\m the lernapil lvIn Puluj N1tian1l le(hnkIl Unive\ity (Ukraine), Ftculry of foad Engineuing in 2011. 'pe(iIlity: Agrkultur1l Pt\dudi1n l o(hines Ind Me(h1niz|ti1n Me\ns. P1siti1n: Vi(e de1n, Assist1nt Pr\fess\t af lransp1(t fe{hnal\qy Dep1tment 0t lenapil 1v0n Puluj N1tian1l lechnkIl Univesity, F1elty 0f Engineetinq af llI(hines, Sttudwes Ind le(hnalagies. sped1lizIti1n: diIgnlsti( nItei1ls 1nd strudures, ne(hani l engineeting, trcnsputatian. He w1s wtilten mare than 32 publiatians (in fnglish, Russiln Ind Ukraini7n lInguIges) iu the 0re0 0f ne(hInkIl enginuing, Lt1nspattatian. lt4enber afthe editaialb00d afthe internati1nIl J\urnal af Sustain1bk Devel\pment 0f lransp1rt antl L0gisti6. okssno 'hev.huk, PhD.: she E1du1ted fr1m the lenapillvIn PufujNati1nal Ie(hni(al University, Me(hankal fIulty, in 2AA7. Pasiti\n: Assa(i1te prcfess\t 0f the Dep1ttnent 0f trInspart technal\gy in lenapil lvan Puluj Nati1nal lechnkll University. spKializ1ti1n: Me(h^\k' transp\rt te(hn\l1gies. He wTs witten n1re than 4A publiutians (in fnglish, Russiln lnd Uh1ini|n l1nguages) in the areI 0f transpaft te(hn\lagies, me(h1niul engineeinq, ftIdure ne(h0ni6. lanette Brczinovd, ptof. lng. PhD.: she graduoted fron the lethnkal Univesity af Kaike in 1991, PhD. degree rceived in Medankal le(hnalagy md l'40tei0h ftam the le(hnk1l Universiry af Kaike in 20A3. She is full pt\fessar af Produaion lerhnology at the Dep1tment af Me(h1nial le(hnal\qy 1nd M1terilh afthe fauhy af l uhankaltnginuting,ledniolUnivesity 0f KLiiG. Her research interests in(lude \ptimizIti1n 0f frnalizing treItnent af engineering pr1du(ts, quality af sutf1rcs and t1atings, applieti1n 0f naden meth1ds af (jrrctian nanitarinq, ?ssessnent 0f the pr1petties af mateti1ls Ind (latings in trlglagiulanditians, weIr 0fmIterials Ind oItinqs, rest\tIti\n te(hnalagy. Anno Guzanovti, AssoL prof.lng. PhD.: she graduoted fram the le(hnial l:lniveisity 0f K|ine k D9/, PhD. degree reeived in l\,4edInkal luhnology ond M1teri1k frcm the le(hnkIl Univesity af K\iirc in 2AAl. She is an assacilted pr\fess\t 0f the Dep1rtment 0f Me(h1niul fe(hn,lay 1nd l',4atuiah 0f the F1ulty af lleth1nkal kgineeing, Ie(hnk1l Univetsty 0f K\ike. Her reteffih interests indude qualty 0f surfota and surfue layers, merhIniulInd themkal prctp1tment af t€(hni(0| surfa@s, pr\tedive Ind fundi\nal oTtings based 0n argoni( andin gani moteiols.