The theory of the natural urban transformation process: The relationship between street network configuration, density and degree of function mixture of built environments (poster)

(1)

THE THEORY OF THE NATURAL URBAN TRANSFORMATION PROCESS:

The Relationship between Street Network Configuration, Density and Degree of Function Mixture of Built Environments

Akkelies van Nes, A.vanNes@tudelft.nl, Delft University of Technology

Yu Ye, Yuye@connect.hku.hk, The University of Hong Kong

According to a set of socio-economic

indicators, four cases’ urban

transformation phases are ranked as

follows:

Haarlem scores highest

(4) > Zoetermeer (3) >Almere

(2) > Lelystad (1).

The degrees of building

density and land use mixture

increase over time in a natural

urban transformation process

while spatial integration of

street networks tends to

remain stable for a longer

time period.

Dividing high and middle integrated values from the space syntax analysis by all high and middle values from all three spatial measurements gives the

following results:

6.8 % in

Lelystad, 8.4% in Almere,

18.3% in Zoetermeer, and to

36.8% in Haarlem.

accumulated

The natural urban transformation

process STREET NETWORK

FUNCTIONS BUILDING _DENSITY STREET NETWORK FUNCTIONS BUILDING DENSITY spatial planning processes in the last 50 years planned High suburban Suburban Low potenti al Middl e potenti al High potenti al Urban High Urban

SPACE SYNTAX & MXI & SPACEMATRIX L M H

Sururban_Lowurban

Middl e urb an Highl y urb an Low potential Middl e potenti al Highl y potenti al

SPACE SYNTAX & MXI & SPACEMATRIX

Sururban_Lowurban

Middl e urb an Highl y urb an Low potential_Middle po

tential Highl y potenti al High suburban Low potenti al

Sururban_Lowurban

Middl e urb an Highly urban Low potenti al Middl e potenti al Highl y potenti al

URBAN TRANSFORMATION PHASE 3: ZOETERMEER

URBAN TRANSFORMATION PHASE 4: HAARLEM

URBAN TRANSFORMATION PHASE 1: LELYSTAD

The Morphologcial Results Combining Three Measurements

are in Line with the Socio-economic Ranking

URBAN TRANSFORMATION PHASE 2: ALMERE

S

ururba n Low urban Midd le urb an In-be twee n low Highly urba n In-be twee n hig h In-be twee n mi ddle LELYSTAD ALMERE HAARLEM AMSTERDAM

DEN HAAG ZOETERMEER

NETHERLANDS

N _{0 10} ₃₀ _70KM

High level Middle rise stripe or block types; high rise block types

Middle level Low rise block or middle rise point, high rise point or strip types Low level Low rise point and low rise stripe types

High level Mixture of three functions Middle level Bi-functional areas

Low level Mono-functional areas

1) Suburban areas L/L/L, M/L/L, L/L/M, L/M/L

2) Low urban areas L/M/M, M/L/M, M/M/L 3) In-between (low) areas H/L/L, L/H/L, L/L/H

4) In-between (middle) areas H/M/L, M/H/L, L/M/H, H/L/M, L/H/M, M/L/H 5) In-between (high) areas H/H/L, H/L/H, L/H/H

7) highly urban areas H/H/H, H/M/H, M/H/H, H/H/M 6) Middle urban areas M/M/H, M/H/M, H/M/M, M/M/M

Examples Categories of

urban areas The division of values from space syntax, spacematrix and MXI

L = Low values, M = Middle values, H = High values

High 80 （7.2%） 7 (0.6%） 36 (3.2%) Lelystad Middle 475 （ 42.8%） 172 15.5%） 90 (8.1%) Low 556 （50.0%） 932 （83.9%） 985 (88.7%) High 160 (7.9%) 22 (1.1%) 96 (4.8%) Almere Middle 1007 (49.8%) 322 （15.9%） 292 (14.5%) Low 853 （42.3%） 1676 (83.0%) 1632 (80.7%) High 78 (7.6%) 47 （4.5%） 91（8.8%） Zoetermeer Middle 405 (39.2%) 312 （30.2%） 240 (23.3%) Low 540 (52.2%) 674 （65.3%） 712 （68.9%） High 103 (6.9%) 166 (11.1%) 231 (15.5%) Haarlem Lelystad Almere Zoetermeer Haarlem High 541 (36.3%) 521 (34.9%) 455 (30.5%) Low 848(56.8%) 805 （54.0%） 806 (54.0%) Spatial integration Values City City Mix Density Phase I Transformation

process Spatial integration Mix Density

Phase II Phase III Phase IV (7.2%) (42.8%) (50.0%) (15.5%) (0.6%) (83.9%) (15.9%) (4.5%) (30.2%) (65.3%) (68.9%) (8.8%) (54.0%) Middle

AESOP

1. THE OUTLINE OF THE THEORY OF THE

NATURAL URBAN TRANSFORMATION PROCESS

2. EMPIRICAL SUPPORT:

RESEARCH METHODS

2. EMPIRICAL SUPPORT:

ANALYSES

Middle integration valuesi High integration values

Space Syntax analyses

Low integration values

Angular analyses

with topological radii Angular analyseswith metric radii

High values Middle values High values High values High values Middle values Middle values High values Low values Middle values Low values High values Middle values Low values Low values Low values Middle values Low values AMENITIES WORKING HOUSING 20 20 40 60 80 60 80 40 MIXED MONOFUNCTIONAL BIFUNCTIONAL AMENITIES WORKING HOUSING 20 20 40 60 80 60 80 40 High values: Multifunctional Low values: Monofunctional Middle values: Bifunctional

Current Urban Planning Practice Applying Space Syntax to Measure

the Street Network Configuratiuon Applying Spacematrix to Measure _{the Building Density} Applying MXI to Measure Degree of Functional Mxiture Natural Urban Transformation Processes

Combining Three

Measurements for Providing a Morphological Classification of Various Urban Types

The ‘urban transformation’ process

-- a process when an urban area transform from

a deserted to a vital and attractive place.

Urban transformation is spatially dependent on streets with high spatial

integration values on various scales aggregating high building density

and a high degree of land use diversity.

The spatial configuration of the street

network, as the foundation, influences the degree of density and functional mix. Likewise, the degree of density influences the degree of functional mix.

Applying

Space

Syntax,

Spacematrix and Mixed-use

Index (MXI)

to quantitative research

the interacted relationship between the three essential elements of urban form:

street

network,

building

desnity and degree of

functional mixture

Combining

the

three

measurements can provide a

morphological classification

of various urban types

, which is

able to indicate an urban area’s degree of socio-economic performance, in other words, various degrees of ‘urbanity’.

A highly integrated area with high building density and high degree of functional mixture should be

more

‘urban’

than a mono-functional urban

area with low street network integration and low building densities.

FSI GSI 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 0.00 0.15 0.25 L=7 3 1 A D _B G H I F C E Low value: A; B A: low-rise point type B: low-rise stripe type C: low-rise block type D: mid-rise point type E: mid-rise stripe type F: mid-rise block type G: high-rise point type H: high-rise stripe type I: high-rise block type

High value: E; F; I Middle value: C; D; G; H

A B C D G E F I H City Lelystad Almere Haarlem Zoetermeer Match rate 6.8% 555 38 8.4% 1167 98 18.3% 486 89 36.8% 644 237

grids with high and middle values