ISBN 1643-0115
ISSN 1643-0115
© Copyright by Institute of Biology and Environmental Protection of the Pomeranian University in Słupsk
Original research paper Received:
Accepted:
12/02/2016 24/02/2016
PROTECTED, RARE, ENDANGERED AND INTERESTING VASCULAR PLANTS IN THE FORMER MANOR PARKS
OF CENTRAL PART OF POLISH POMERANIA Mariola Truchan, Zbigniew Sobisz
Departament of Botany and Genetics, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, ul. Arciszewskiego 22b, 76-200 Słupsk, Poland
e-mail: truchan@apsl.edu.pl, sobisz@apsl.edu.pl
Abstract
This paper presents results of field studies in former manor parks of the central part of Polish Pomerania which were made during seven vegetation seasons, in years 2008-2015. The studies covered 276 manor parks located in seven mesoregions: Słowińskie Coast, the Łeba Valley, the Sławno Plain, the Damnica Upland, the Białogard Plain, northern parts of the Polanów Upland and the Bytów Lakeland. There were 123 protected, rare and endangered species found on the territory of the parks. 24 taxa were found among dendric flora and 99 taxa of herbal flora. From the rare dendric and herbaceous flora in the scale of the region of the analysed parks there are:
Aralia elata, Asplenium ruta-muraria, Agrostemma githago, Castanea sativa, Cruciata laevipes, Dentaria glandulosa, Eryngium planum, Euphorbia palustris, Filago minima, Gera- nium phaeum, G. sylvaticum, Ginkgo biloba, Gleditsia triacanthos, Lathyrus tuberosus, Melam- pyrum arvense, Nepeta cataria, Omphalodes verna, Parnassia palustris, Phellodendron amurense, Phleum phleoides, Poa chaixii, Pterocarya fraxinifolia, Quercus cerris, Q. robur
‘Pectinata’, Rubus spectabilis, Taxodium distichum, Thlaspi perfoliatum, Tsuga heterophylla and Viola miriabilis.
Key words: threatened vascular plants, former manor parks, Central Pomerania, ATPOL
INTRODUCTION
Central Pomerania is understood here to be the area between the rivers Łeba in the east and Parsęta in the west. According to Kondracki (1998) it is the eastern part of West- ern Pomerania.
Journal of Ecology and Protection of the Coastline
Vol. 19 pp. 103-116 2015
It was characteristic for many villages of Central Pomerania to have parks around palaces and manors, which generally made an architecturally and spatially insepa- rable whole.
Former parks are a legacy of the 18th and 19th centuries’ park complexes founded around palaces and manors by the then owners, inhabitants of these lands, repre- sentatives of well-known German families. Most parks that have survived in Cen- tral Pomerania until today originated basing on the existing plantings, woods or groups of trees. On the whole they represent a naturalistic and landscape style, characteristic of that period.
After the Second World War 10 thousand parks were registered in Poland, and from the beginning of the 70s of the last century only less than a half (i.e. 4,794) survived, and what is more, 33% of them were the officially protected areas.
Nowadays, the Pomerania Region belongs to the country’s top list as far as both former manor parks and their area are concerned (Drzał and Leszczycki 1974).
There are 1,595 former manor parks in the Pomeranian Region, out of which 706 are included in the monuments register and 889 are placed in the curator’s record. These parks cover the area of 5,325 hectares. While 811 complexes of parks and mansions are registered in the Central Pomerania, 360 of them are officially considered monuments and 451 are in the curator’s record. These parks altogether cover 2,646 hectares (Wendlandt et al. 1992).
The aim of this work was to present the plants under full and partial protection, rare and endangered in the former manor parks in the Central Pomerania.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Field investigations were conducted mainly from May to September in 2008-2015, in 276 parks within seven mesoregions, namely: the Słowińskie Coast, the Łeba Val- ley, the Sławno Plain, the Damnica Upland, the Białogard Plain, northern parts of the Polanów Upland and Bytów Lakeland. Distribution of these former manor parks is presented in Fig. 1.
The nomenclature of herbaceous flora is after Mirek et al. (2002) except for Ca- lystegia pulchra (Rothmaler et al. 1986). Names of dendric vascular plants were consistent with a study by Seneta and Dolatowski (2003) except for Rubus spect- abilis (Weber 1995). The plants being a subject to the species preservation in Po- land were distinguished in the list in compliance with the law of the Ministry of Environmental from 9th October of 2014 (Journal of Laws of 2014, item 1409).
Species under full protection were shown with the PP, whereas species under par- tial protection with SP one. In the flora of the analyzed area rare species in the re- gion are marked with RG (Table 1).
Fig 1. Distribution of former manor parks on the central part of Polish Pomerania
GRID SQUARE AB: 16 – 1. Dreżewo, 17 – 2. Cerkwica, 19 – 3. Drzonowo, 27 – 4. Paprotno, 28 – 5. Tąpadły, 29 – 6. Dargosław, 39 – 7. Dąbie, 8. Natolewice, 47 – 9. Mechowo Łobeskie, 10. Potuliniec
GRID SQUARE BA: 59 – 11. Wytowno, 68 – 12. Duninowo, 13. Golęcino, 14. Marszewo, 15. Postomino, 16. Zaleskie, 17. Złakowo, 69 – 18. Strzelino, 75 – 19. Żukowo Morskie, 76 – 20.
Cisowo, 21. Palczewice, 78 – 22. Pałowo, 23. Pieńkowo, 24. Pieszcz A, 25. Wykroty, 79 – 26.
Gać, 27. Redęcin, 28. Runowo Sławieńskie, 29. Sycewice, 87 – 30. Boleszewo C, 31. Kar- wice, 32. Kwasowo, 33. Rzyszczewo, 88 – 34. Bzowo, 35. Tychowo, 89 – 36. Kończewo, 37. Sierakowo Słupskie, 38. Ścięgnica, 92 – 39. Dworek, 40. Gąski, 41. Kładno, 42. Łasin Koszaliński, 43. Pleśna, 44. Tymień, 93 – 45. Będzino, 46. Kazimierz Pomorski, 47. Mielno, 94 – 48. Mścice, 49. Osieki Koszalińskie I, 50. Rzepkowo, 95 – 51. Iwięcino, 52. Karniesze- wice, 53. Sucha Koszalińska, 96 – 54. Kusice, 55. Niemica, 97 – 56. Borkowo, 57. Kosie- rzewo, 58. Ostrowiec, 59. Paprotki, 60. Podgórki, 61. Smardzewo, 62. Sulechówko, 98 – 63.
Łętowo, 64. Noskowo, 99 – 65. Barwino, 66. Obłęże
GRID SQUARE BB: 00 – 67. Mirocice, 02 – 68. Rusowo, 69. Skoczów Kołobrzeski, 70.
Strzepowo, 03 – 71. Cieszyn, 72. Parnowo, 04 – 73. Laski Koszalińskie, 05 – 74. Dęborogi, 75. Policko, 76. Wyszebórz, 07 – 77. Domachowo, 78. Laski, 08 – 79. Osowo, 80. Płocko, 81. Pustowo, 82. Wieliń, 09 – 83. Biesowice, 84. Ciecholub, 85. Mzdowo, 86. Warcino, 10 – 87.
Role, 11 – 88. Mołtowo, 89. Pustary, 90. Włościbórz, 12 – 91. Lubiechowo, 13 – 92. Parso- wo, 14 – 93. Strzekęcin, 94. Zegrze Pomorskie, 15 – 95. Kopanino, 17 – 96. Cetuń, 97.
Chocimino, 98. Wietrzno, 18 – 99. Biała, 100. Malęcino, 101. Przytocko, 102. Rzeczyca Mała, 103. Rzeczyca Wielka, 104. Świerzno, 105. Żydowo, 19 – 106. Tursko, 22 – 107. Ry- chówko, 108. Stanomino, 23 – 109. Nawino, 24 – 110. Dobrowo, 111. Zaspy Wielkie, 25 – 112.
Wojęcino, 113. Warnino, 26 – 114. Dobrociechy, 115. Nowosiółki, 116. Przydargiń, 117.
Różany, 27 – 118. Boboliczki, 119. Górawino, 120. Stare Borne, 121. Trzebień, 28 – 122. Bobię- cino, 29 – 123. Kamnica, 124. Wołcza Wielka, 35 – 125. Nosibądy, 126. Tychowo, 37 – 127.
Opatówek, 39 – 128. Przeradź, 129. Trzebiele
GRID SQUARE CA: 41 – 130. Smołdziński Las, 131. Łokciowe, 43 – 132. Gać, 133. Nowęcin, 44 – 134. Roszczyce, 135. Sarbsk, 136. Szczenurze, 137. Ulinia, 50 – 138. Gąbino, 139.
Komnino, 140. Objazda, 141. Osieki Słupskie, 51 – 142. Będziechowo, 143. Bukowa, 144.
Choćmirówko, 145. Smołdzino, 146. Żelazo, 147. Żelkowo, 52 – 148. Ciemino, 149. Głów- czyce, 150. Izbica, 151. Równo, 152. Rumsko, 153. Skórzyno, 154. Wielka Wieś, 155. Wy- kosowo, 53 – 156. Cecenowo, 157. Charbrowo, 158. Poraj, 159. Wolinia, 54 – 160. Janowice, 161. Kopaniewo, 162. Lędziechowo, 163. Maszewko, 164. Obliwice, 165. Zdrzewno, 55 – 166.
Tawęcino, 60 – 167. Bukówka, 168. Swochowo, 169. Karżcino, 61 – 170. Damnica, 171.
Drzeżewo, 172. Rogawica, 173. Święcichowo, 174. Żoruchowo, 62 – 175. Bobrowniki, 176.
Grapice, 177. Szczypkowice, 178. Warblino, 63 – 179. Czerwieniec, 180. Górzyno, 181. Po- dole Wielkie, 182. Stowięcino, 64 – 183. Chocielewko, 184. Janowiczki, 185. Leśnice, 186.
Niebędzino, 187. Pogorzelice, 188. Redkowice, 189. Żelazkowo, 65 – 190. Wielistowo, 70 – 191.
Łosino, 192. Redzikowo, 193. Wieszyno, 71 – 194. Domaradz, 195. Karżniczka, 196. Krzy- wań, 197. Warblewo, 72 – 198. Głuszyno, 199. Grąbkowo, 200. Karżnica, 201. Łupawa, 202.
Malczkowo, 203. Poganice, 73 – 204. Darżewo, 205. Darżyno, 206. Runowo, 207. Wargowo, 74 – 208. Cewice, 209. Osowo Lęborskie, 75 – 210. Łebunia, 80 – 211. Grabin, 212. Kwa- kowo, 213. Lubuń, 214. Płaszewo, 215. Skarszów Górny, 216. Zajączkowo, 217. Żelki, 81 – 218.
Borzęcino, 219. Łabiszewo, 220. Starnice, 221. Troszki, 82 – 222. Budowo, 223. Gogolewo, 224. Kotowo, 225. Podole Małe, 226. Żarkowo, 83 – 227. Czarna Dąbrówka, 228. Jerzkowi- ce, 229. Karwno, 230. Podkomorzyce, 90 – 231. Gumieniec, 232. Objezierze, 233. Starkowo, 234.
Suchorze, 235. Uliszkowice, 236. Zieliń, 91 – 237. Darskowo, 238. Gałąźnia Mała, 239. Koł- czygłowy, 240. Kołczygłówki, 241. Radusz, 242. Wierszyno, 92 – 243. Gałąźnia Wielka, 244.
Gałęzów, 245. Jawory, 246. Niepoględzie, 247. Unichowo, 93 – 248. Kartkowo, 249. Noży- no, 94 – 250. Jasień
GRID SQUARE CB: 00 – 251. Bożanka, 252. Cetyń, 253. Trzebielino, 01 – 254. Barkocin, 255. Barnowiec, 256. Łubno, 257. Poborowo, 02 – 258. Dąbrówka Bytowska, 259. Osieki Bytowskie, 03 – 260. Dąbie, 261. Gostkowo, 262. Żukówko I, 04 – 263. Gołczewo, 264. Par- chowo, 11 – 265. Rokłowo, 266. Turowo, 12 – 267. Tuchomie, 20 – 268. Adamów, 269.
Świeszyno, 270. Zadry, 271. Chlebowo, 272. Pietrzykowo, 21 – 273. Piaszczyna, 41 – 274.
Przechlewko, 275. Nowa Wieś, 42 – 276. Żychce
Table 1 List of protected, rare, endangered and interesting species
in the former manor parks of central part of Pomerania
regions
Species Localization
Protec- tion status,
RG – rare in region
Western Pomera-
nia1
Gdańsk Pomera-
nia2
Mecklen- burg-Vor- pommerns3
Europe4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Acer campestre L.
8, 49, 93, 96, 128, 142, 172, 181, 203, 210
R NT ▪ ▪
Achillea ptarmica L.
49, 79, 91, 119, 134, 148, 160, 189, 197, 199
▪ ▪ 3 ▪
Aconitum variegatum L. 61 PP V VU ▪ ▪
Actaea spicata L. 101, 134, 141, 220 V LC ▪ ▪
Agrostemma githago L. 209 ▪ ▪ 1 ▪
Alchemilla monticola Opiz
14, 153, 157, 176, 179, 180, 191, 199, 210, 229
▪ ▪ 1 ▪
Allium ursinum L. 24, 25, 30, 155 PP V VU ▪ LC
Angelica archangelica L. 132 PP ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪
Angelica sylvestris L. 71, 160 ▪ ▪ V ▪
Anthyllis vulneraria L. 38, 162, 203, 251 ▪ ▪ 3 ▪
Aquilegia vulgaris L. 32, 33, 36, 45,
172, 216 PP V VU ▪ ▪
Aralia elata (Miq.)
Seem. 18, 102 RG ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪
Armeria maritima (Mill.) Willd. subsp. elongata (Hoffm.) Bonnier
13, 40, 53, 110, 133, 180, 213, 227, 266, 273
▪ ▪ 2 ▪
Asarum europaeum L. 57 V NT ▪ ▪
Asplenium ruta-muraria L. 6 RG ▪ NT 3 ▪
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Betonica officinalis L. 120, 246 V NT 2 ▪
Calystegia pulchra Brummit et Heywood
12, 115, 156, 157,
160, 163, 168, 245 RG ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪
Campanula latifolia L. 132 PP V NT ▪ ▪
Campanula patula L. 16 ▪ ▪ 3 ▪
Carex arenaria L. 52, 135, 164, 169 PP ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪
Carlina vulgaris L. 72 ▪ ▪ 3 ▪
Castanea sativa Mill. 49, 136, 141 RG ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪
Centaurea cyanus L.
17, 32, 37, 48, 97, 98, 116, 117, 127, 142, 144, 148, 150, 152, 153, 167, 172, 186, 189, 193, 197
▪ ▪ V ▪
Centaurea jacea L. 3, 65, 89, 137,
186, 187, 210 ▪ ▪ 3 ▪
Centaurium pulchellum (Sw.) Druce
12, 16, 53, 99,
139, 228 PP ▪ VU 2 ▪
Chenopodium bonus- henricus L.
2, 10, 63, 64, 81, 90, 160, 175, 238, 244, 262, 263, 270
R NT 2 ▪
Chrysanthemum segetum L. 81 ▪ ▪ 2 ▪
Conium maculatum L.
6, 53, 62, 126, 158, 175, 179, 186, 199, 222, 265
R LC ▪ ▪
Convallaria majalis L.
1, 4, 5, 49, 79, 91, 134, 144, 148, 172, 197, 218, 271
▪ ▪ 3 ▪
Corispermum leptop-
terum (Asch.) Iljin 19, 74 ▪ DD ▪ ▪
Corydalis cava
Schweigg. & Körte 209, 210 ▪ NT ▪ ▪
Corydalis intermedia (L.) Mérat
142, 155, 179,
198, 201, 231 R ▪ ▪ ▪
Cruciata laevipes Opiz. 55, 59 RG ▪ RE ▪ ▪
Cuscuta europaea L. 66, 132 ▪ NT ▪ ▪
Cymbalaria muralis P.
Gaertn., B. Mey. & Schreb.
9, 16, 83, 93, 101,
106, 193, 195 ▪ VU ▪ ▪
Cynosurus cristatus L.
84, 172, 183, 184, 188, 199, 206, 224, 232, 237, 275, 276
▪ ▪ 3 ▪
Dactylorhiza fuchsii
(Druce) Soό 18 SP ▪ VU 3 LC
Dactylorhiza maculata
(L.) Soό 21, 70, 112, 125 V VU 1 LC
Dactylorhiza majalis (Rchb.) P.F. Hunt &
Summerh.
132, 135, 159 ▪ NT 2 LC
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Daphne mezereum L. 27 PP R LC ▪ ▪
Dentaria glandulosa
Waldst. & Kit. 91 RG ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪
Dianthus carthu- sianorum L.
19, 20, 69, 179,
180 ▪ ▪ 3 ▪
Digitalis grandiflora
Mill. 144, 197, 199 PP ▪ NT 1 ▪
Dryopteris cristata (L.)
A. Gray 61, 113, 274 V NT 3 ▪
Epipactis helleborine
(L.) Crantz 18, 60, 141 PP ▪ ▪ ▪ LC
46.
Epipactis palustris (L.) Crantz
17, 146, 208, 252,
271 SP V VU 2 LC
Eryngium planum L. 121 RG NT R ▪ ▪
Euphorbia palustris L. 249 RG E RE 3 ▪
Euphrasia rostkoviana Hayne
12, 15, 22, 143, 151, 156, 157, 237, 253
▪ VU 1 ▪
Fagus sylvatica L. ‘As-
plenifolia’ 49, 169 RG ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪
Falcaria vulgaris Bernh. 74 ▪ VU ▪ ▪
Festuca ovina L. subsp.
ovina
22, 25, 31, 39, 40, 47, 51, 96, 204, 215, 233
▪ ▪ 3 LC
Filago minima (Sm.)
Pers. 102, 150, 219 RG ▪ ▪ 3 ▪
Fumaria officinalis L.
subsp. officinalis
1, 3, 16, 29, 31, 49, 62, 78, 85, 106, 123, 144, 148, 167, 177, 179, 185, 187, 189, 193, 197, 260
▪ ▪ V ▪
Gagea pratensis (Pers.) Dumort.
142, 167, 187,
189, 235, 256 ▪ ▪ V ▪
Galanthus nivalis L.
31, 41, 58, 73, 146, 159, 161, 170, 186, 187, 189, 194, 203
PP I DD ▪ ▪
Galeopsis pubescens Besser
4, 5, 15, 29, 31, 49, 52, 57, 134, 142, 151, 155, 159, 173, 175, 180, 197, 199, 261
▪ ▪ 2 ▪
Galium spurium L. 74, 75, 200, 221,
226, 247 ▪ ▪ 1 ▪
Geranium phaeum L. 49, 87 RG ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪
Geranium sylvaticum L. 91 RG R NT 0 ▪
Ginkgo biloba L. 49, 91, 180, 222 RG ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Gleditsia triacanthos L. 11, 86, 126 RG ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪
Helichrysum arenarium
(L.) Moench 87, 100, 240 PP ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪
Hepatica nobilis Schreb.
34, 53, 101, 142, 157, 176, 197, 269, 271
▪ ▪ V ▪
Hippophaë rhamnoides L. 11, 170 PP ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪
Holosteum umbellatum L. 136 ▪ ▪ 3 ▪
Hottonia palustris L. 71, 105 ▪ ▪ ▪ LC
Hydrocotyle vulgaris L. 35 ▪ ▪ 3 LC
Hyoscyamus niger L. 24 ▪ VU 2 ▪
Hypericum humifusum L. 54, 134, 212, 234,
276 R NT ▪ ▪
Inula britannica L. 28, 77, 103, 187,
231, 248 ▪ ▪ 3 ▪
Inula helenium L. 92 ▪ ▪ R ▪
Juncus conglomeratus L.
emend. Leers
53, 72, 104, 108,
109, 242 ▪ ▪ V ▪
Lathyrus tuberosus L. 160 RG ▪ ▪ 2 ▪
Leonurus cardiaca L.
146, 148, 155, 163, 172, 178, 186, 197
▪ ▪ 3 ▪
Leucoium vernum L. 158, 167, 172,
197, 255, 257 PP ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪
Lilium martagon L.
12, 16, 42, 47, 56, 61, 67, 68, 88, 148, 165, 197, 258
SP V NT 1 ▪
Liriodendron tulipifera L. 40, 112, 118, 138,
160, 175, ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪
Listera ovata (L.) R. Br. 95 PP ▪ ▪ 3 ▪
Lonicera periclymenum L.
4, 49, 91, 142, 144, 178, 197, 208, 230, 250
PP ▪ VU ▪ ▪
Lychnis flos-cuculi L.
142, 144, 147, 170, 172, 186, 193, 271, 272
▪ ▪ 2 ▪
Matteucia struthiopteris (L.) Tod.
75, 93, 147, 267,
268 PP V NT ▪ ▪
Melampyrum arvense L. 67 RG V VU 2 ▪
Menyanthes trifoliata L. 122, 178 PP ▪ ▪ 3 LC
Nepeta cataria L. 137, 142, 259 RG ▪ VU 1 ▪
Nuphar lutea (L.) Sibth.
& Sm. 7, 56, 196, 225 ▪ ▪ ▪ LC
Nymphaea alba L.
3, 158, 67, 86, 106, 188, 225, 260
PP ▪ DD ▪ LC
Omphalodes verna
Moench 175, 176, 193 RG ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Onobrychis viciifolia
Scop. 133 ▪ ▪ 2 ▪
Ononis spinosa L.
44, 46, 129, 141, 165, 171, 185, 190, 207, 211, 241
▪ ▪ 3 ▪
Orthilia secunda (L.)
House 150 ▪ ▪ 3 ▪
Oxalis dillenii Jacq. 94, 100, 114,
123, 131, 253 ▪ DD ▪ ▪
Parietaria officinalis L. 68, 145 ▪ ▪ 2 ▪
Parnassia palustris L. 79, 209 RG ▪ ▪ 2 ▪
Phellodendron amurense
Rupr. 18, 93, 167 RG ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪
Phleum phleoides (L.) H.
Karst. 262 RG ▪ NT 3 ▪
Pinus cembra L. 192 PP ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪
Pinus mugo Turra 43, 47, 50, 137,
264, 276 PP ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪
Platanthera bifolia (L.)
Rich. 17, 21, 160 PP V VU 2 LC
Poa chaixii Vill. 52 RG ▪ DD ▪ ▪
Polygala vulgaris L. 20, 31 ▪ ▪ 2 ▪
Populus nigra L. 7, 11, 137, 160,
175, 179 V VU ▪ ▪
Primula veris L. 23, 217 ▪ ▪ 3 ▪
Pterocarya fraxinifolia
(Poir.) Spach 29, 86, 198, 199 RG ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪
Quercus cerris L. 168 RG ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪
Quercus robur L. ‘Pecti-
nata’ 29, 83 RG ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪
Ribes spicatum E.
Robson
1, 17, 26, 55, 78, 132, 153, 154, 158, 187, 189, 192, 201
▪ ▪ R ▪
Rosa gallica L. 96, 146 SP ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪
Rubus spectabilis Pursh 16 RG ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪
Salix purpurea L.
11, 40, 50, 76, 82, 97, 98, 178, 201, 236
▪ ▪ 3 ▪
Sorbus intermedia
(Ehrh.) Pers. 17, 35, 118, 160 SP E DD ▪ ▪
Taxodium distichum (L.)
Rich. 35, 126, 147 RG ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪
Taxus baccata L.
12, 16, 23, 43, 47, 60, 64, 133, 149, 159, 168, 173, 179, 199, 202
PP V VU ▪ ▪
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Telekia speciosa (Schreb.) Baumg.
2, 31, 35, 40, 57, 70, 78, 86, 95, 97, 103, 107, 113, 115, 149, 156, 163, 194, 206, 217, 223, 240, 243, 245
▪ ▪ R ▪
Thlaspi perfoliatum L. 25 RG ▪ ▪ 1 ▪
Tsuga heterophylla
(Raf.) Sarg. 169 RG ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪
Ulmus laevis Pall. 53, 155, 158,
186, 187 ▪ NT ▪ ▪
Ulmus minor Mill.
emend. Richens
17, 21, 26, 29, 36, 40, 55, 64, 78, 130, 133, 140, 157, 159, 174, 182, 187, 189, 192, 198, 203, 205
▪ NT ▪ ▪
Valeriana dioica L. 17, 21 ▪ ▪ 3 ▪
Verbascum phlomoides L.
124, 128, 142,
166, 214, 223 ▪ ▪ 2 ▪
Vicia lathyroides L. 3, 111, 238, 254 ▪ ▪ V LC
Vicia tenuifolia Roth 115, 229 ▪ VU ▪ ▪
Viola mirabilis L. 107 RG R NT ▪ ▪
Categories of threat for Western Pomerania region were quoted from Żukowski and Jackowiak (1995)1, Gdańsk Pomerania by Markowski and Buliński (2004)2, Mecklenburg-Vorpommerns by Voigtländer et al. (2005)3 and Europe by Bilz et al. (2011)4. The following symbols and abbrevia- tions were used in the Table 1: E – endangered (in direct danger of extinction), V – vulnerable, R – rare, I – species of indeterminate threat (Ex – extinct, missing; E, V or R), RE – extinct in the re- gion, VU – vulnerable, NT – nearly threatened, LC – least concern, DD – data deficient, 0 – ex- tinct, 1 – species in direct danger of extinction, 2 – big threat species, 3 – threat species.
Species are arranged in the alphabetical order. Division of the region into basic scientific fields equals decimal expansion of the net of squares in the ATPOL system (Zając 1978)
RESULTS
The research covered 276 former manor parks of central part of Polish Pomerania.
There were 123 species protected, rare and endangered found on the territory of the parks. There were 5 species under strictly protection and 23 species under partial pro- tection in the parks. Species under full protection are: Dactylorhiza fuchsii, Epipactis palustris, Lilium martagon, Rosa gallica and Sorbus intermedia, where as species un- der partial protection are: Aconitum variegatum, Allium ursinum, Angelica ar- changelica, Aquilegia vulgaris, Campanula latifolia, Carex arenaria, Centaurium pul- chellum, Daphne mezereum, Digitalis grandiflora, Epipactis helleborine, Galanthus nivalis, Helichrysum arenarium, Hippophäe rhamnoides, Leucoium vernum, Listera ovata, Lonicera periclymenum, Matteucia struthiopteris, Menyanthes trifoliata, Nym- phaea alba, Pinus cembra, P. mugo, Platanthera bifolia and Taxus baccata.
Species covered by complete legal protection and at the same time endangered in the Gdańsk Pomerania (Markowski and Buliński 2004) and the Western Pomerania (Żu- kowski and Jackowiak 1995) in the analyzed area included: Aconitum variegatum, Allium ursinum, Aquilegia vulgaris, Campanula latifolia, Daphne mezereum, Epi- pactis palustris, Galanthus nivalis, Lilium martagon, Matteucia struthiopteris, Pla- tanthera bifolia, Sorbus intermedia and Taxus baccata. Two of them are entered in the Polish Red Book of Plants, i.e. Rosa gallica (Zieliński 2001) and Taxus baccata (Kruszelnicki 2001). Turk’s cup (Lilium martagon) is vulnerable species in eastern part of Western Pomerania (Sobisz and Truchan 2006, Truchan 2010, Truchan and Sobisz 2009). The Cruciata laevipes was found in parks of Niemica (BA96) and Pa- protki (BA96) (Sławno Plain) and Euphorbia palustris – in park of Nożyno (CA93) (northern part of Polanów Upland) were considered as extinct species in the Gdańsk Pomerania region.
Species not covered by legal protection and endangered both in the Gdańsk Pomerania and the Western Pomerania regions include Acer campestre, Actaea spicata, Asarum eu- ropaeum, Betonica officinalis, Chenopodium bonus-henricus, Conium maculatum, Corydalis intermedia, Cymbalaria muralis, Dactylorhiza maculata, Dryopteris cristata, Geranium sylvaticum, Hypericum humifusum, Populus nigra and Viola mirabilis.
Within Mecklenburg-Vorpommern area rare, endangered species include: Agrostemma githago, Alchemilla monticola, Betonica officinalis, Centaurium pulchellum, Cheno- podium bonus-henricus, Dactylorhiza maculata, Digitalis grandiflora, Euphrasia rostkoviana, Galium spurium, Hyoscyamus niger, Lathyrus tuberosus, Lilium martagon, Nepeta cataria, Onobrychis viciifolia, Parietaria officinalis, Parnassia palustris, Platan- thera bifolia, Polygala vulgaris and Thlaspi perfoliatum (Voigtländer et al. 2005).
Among 123 species included in this study, 14 can be found in the European Red List of Vascular Plants (Bilz et al. 2011): Allium ursinum, Dactylorhiza fuchsii, D. maculata, D. majalis, Epipactis helleborine, E. palustris, Festuca ovina, Hottonia palustris, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Menyanthes trifoliata, Nuphar lutea, Nymphaea alba, Platan- thera bifolia and Vicia lathyroides.
Species not covered by legal protection and rare in the investigated region include:
Aralia elata, Asplenium ruta-muraria, Agrostemma githago, Castanea sativa, Cru- ciata laevipes, Dentaria glandulosa, Eryngium planum, Euphorbia palustris, Filago minima, Geranium phaeum, G. sylvaticum, Ginkgo biloba, Gleditsia triacanthos, Lathyrus tuberosus, Melampyrum arvense, Nepeta cataria, Omphalodes verna, Par- nassia palustris, Phellodendron amurense, Phleum phleoides, Poa chaixii, Ptero- carya fraxinifolia, Quercus cerris, Q. robur ‘Pectinata’, Rubus spectabilis, Taxodium distichum, Thlaspi perfoliatum, Tsuga heterophylla and Viola miriabilis.
Dentaria glandulosa is a montane species subendemic to the Carpathians, descend- ing to the lowlands (Zając 1996). In May 2010 was found first locality of this spe- cies in Pomerania. The stand is located in former manor park in Lubiechowo (BB12) in Białogard Plain (Sobisz and Truchan 2011).
Geranium phaeum is species with Alpic-Central-European distributional type, oc- curs in mountain and submontane areas of Europe (Zając and Zając 2009). In Po- land, the population of Geranium phaeum was numerous in the past times in the Carpathian and Sudety foreland, in north Małopolska and Lublin Highlands with isolated localities on lowlands (north Poland) (Zając 1996). Black widow is found at
the manor-park complexes in Boleszewo (BA87) (Sławno Plain) and Osieki Koszalińskie (BA 94) (Słowińskie Coast) (Sobisz 2014).
Melampyrum arvense is species with European-temperate sub-element distributional type. The range of species includes the Pontic-Pannonian province. Besides, there are several islands on the western and northern limit of the range. Field cow-wheat has the only stand in Central Pomerania in former manor park in Mirocice (BB00) (Słowińskie Coast) (Osadowski et al. 2014).
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CHRONIONE, RZADKIE, ZAGROŻONE I INTERESUJĄCE ROŚLINY NACZYNIOWE W PARKACH DWORSKICH POMORZA ŚRODKOWEGO
Streszczenie
Badania nad florą roślin naczyniowych parków dworskich na terenie Pomorza Środkowego prowadzono w latach 2008-2015. Badaniami objęto 276 parków w 7 mezoregionach: Wybrzeżu Słowińskim, Pradolinie Łeby-Redy, Równinie Sławieńskiej, Wysoczyźnie Damnickiej, Równi- nie Białogardzkiej, północnej części Wysoczyzny Polanowskiej i Pojezierza Bytowskiego. Na terenie parków odnotowano 123 chronione, rzadkie, zagrożone i interesujące rośliny naczynio- we. Stwierdzono 28 taksonów objętych ochroną prawną, z czego 5 – ścisłą i 23 – częściową.
Niektóre z nich są antropogenicznego pochodzenia, m.in. Galanthus nivalis, Leucoium vernum, Matteucia struthiopteris, Pinus mugo i Taxus baccata. Z rzadkich w regionie roślin zielnych i dendroflory godne odnotowania są występujące w parkach: Aralia elata, Asplenium ruta- muraria, Agrostemma githago, Castanea sativa, Cruciata laevipes, Dentaria glandulosa, Eryn- gium planum, Euphorbia palustris, Filago minima, Geranium phaeum, G. sylvaticum, Ginkgo biloba, Gleditsia triacanthos, Lathyrus tuberosus, Melampyrum arvense, Nepeta cataria, Omphalodes verna, Parnassia palustris, Phellodendron amurense, Phleum phleoides, Poa cha- ixii, Pterocarya fraxinifolia, Quercus cerris, Q. robur ‘Pectinata’, Rubus spectabilis, Taxodium distichum, Thlaspi perfoliatum, Tsuga heterophylla i Viola miriabilis.
Parki wiejskie Pomorza Środkowego są cennymi obiektami przyrodniczymi zasługują- cymi na specjalną troskę i powinny być objęte szczególną opieką konserwatorską.
