Malowany puchar szklany z cmentarzyska kultury przeworskiej w Zaborowie na zachodnim Mazowszu

BULLETIN ARCHéOLOGIQUE POLONAIS

Wiadomości

ARCHEOLOGICz­NE

Państwowe MuzeuM archeologiczne

w

warszawie

wARSz­AwA 2008 vARSOvIE

TOm (vOL.) LX

2008

W

ia

d

omości

a

rcheologiczne

l

X

Indeks 38205/38108

PL ISSN 0043-5082

okladka glowna.indd 1 2009-02-16 08:05

WIADOMO?CI

ARCHEOLOGICZNE

Redaguje zespó? 1 Editorial staff:

mgr Jacek Andrzejowski (sekretarz redakcji 1 managing editor), dr _Wojciech Brzezi?ski _{(redaktor naczelny} 1 editor in _chief),

prof. dr hab. Teresa _{D?browska (zast?pczyni} redaktora _naczelnego 1 subeditor), mgr Gra?yna Orli?ska,

mgr Rados?aw Prochowicz, mgr Barbara Sa?aci?ska, mgr Andrzej Jacek Tomaszewski,

mgr Katarzyna Watemborska, doc. dr hab. Teresa _W?grzynowicz

T?umaczenia 1 Translations:

Anna Kinecka,

Jacek Andrzejowski, Katarzyna Czarnecka, UHa Lund Hansen, Henriette _Lyngstrom, Tomasz _Samojlik

Sk?ad i ?amanie 1 _Layout:

JRJ

Rycina na ok?adce: _{malowany pucharek szklany}

zZaborowa, pow. warszawski zachodni. Rys. P. Holub

Cover _{picture: enamel-painted glass} beaker

from Zaborów, distr. Warszawa Zachód. Drawn _by P. Holub

© Pa?stwowe Muzeum _{Archeologiczne} wWarszawie, 2008

©_Autorzy, 2008

Pa?stwowe Muzeum _{Archeologiczne jest instytucj?}

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ul. _D?uga 52 _(Arsena?), 00-241 Warszawa

WIADOMO?CI

ARCHEOLOGICZNE

Tom

_(VoL)

LX

SPIS

TRE?CI

Contents

Wojciech

Br ze z i ?

sk i, Dzie?

_dzisiejszy

i

_perspektywy

_Pa?stwowego Muzeum

_{Archeologicznego}

Present and Future _Perspectives of the State _{Archeological} Museum

3

ROZPRAWY

Maria Kra _j e w sk a, _Spu?cizna Erazma

Majewskiego

w Pracowni

_Dokumentacji

_Naukowej

_Pa?stwowego Muzeum

Archeologicznego

w Warszawie.

W 150. _rocznic? urodzin Erazma

_Majewskiego

_(1858-1922) 9

The _Legacy ofErazm _Majewski (1858-1922) in the Documentations _Department ofthe State _{Archaeological} Museum in Warsaw.

On His 150Lh _{Birthday Anniversary}

Marek Flor e_k,

_Cmentarzyska

_kultury

_pucharów

_lejkowatych

na _Wy?ynie

_{sandomierskiej.}

Historia i stan bada?

Cemeteries of the Funnel Beaker Culture _(TRB) in Sandomierz _{Upland. History} and State of Research

97

MISCELLANEA

Dorota S?o wi ?

sk a, _Katarzyna D e_jt r o w sk a, UHa L u n d H a n s en, A Roman Painted Glass Beaker

from a Przeworsk Culture _Cemetery at Zaborów, Western Mazowsze 125

Malowany puchar szklany z _{cmentarzyska kultury przeworskiej} wZaborowie na zachodnim Mazowszu

Jacek A n d r ze_j o w sk i,

_Andrzej

Pr z_y ch o d n i, Terra

_sigillata

z

_cmentarzyska

_kultury

_wielbarskiej

w

_Jartyporach

na zachodnim Podlasiu 161

Terra _Sigillata from aWielbark Culture _Cemetery at _[artypory, Western Podlasie _Region

Adam C i e

?

li ?

sk i, Dariusz _Wy c z

ó

? k o w sk i,

_Zapinka

_{g?sienicowata} z Tumian, pow.

olszty?ski.

Problem

zaniku

_kultury

_wielbarskiej

nad _?yn? 179

A _Caterpillar Brooch from _Tumiany, distr. _Olsztyn. The Decline of the Wielbark Culture on the _?yna River

Henriette _{L y} n _g st r _om,

_Technologia

_produkcji

?elaza i

_wyrób

_no?y

_?elaznych

na terenie Danii

od 500 r.

_przed

Chr. do 1000 r. _po Chr. 189

Iron _Technology and Iron Knives Found in Denmark, 500 BC

-AD 1000

MATERIA?Y

Adam Ku le s za, Ceramiczne

_materia?y

_neolityczne

ze stanowiska lA w _{Strzy?owie, pow.} hrubieszowski A Neolithic Ceramie _Assemblage from _Strzy?ów, site lA, distr. Hrubieszów

197

Miros?awa A n d r z e_j o w ska, Stanowisko ze

_schy?ku

_epoki

_br?zu

i z _wczesnej

_epoki

?elaza w Dziecinowie,

pow. otwocki 225

Late Bronze and _Early Iron _Age Site at Dziecinów, distr. Otwock

?ukasz _Maurycy St a n a s ze_k, Analiza

_{antropologiczna}

materia?u

_kostnego

z

_cmentarzyska

w Dziecinowie,

pow. otwocki 321

Tomasz Pu r o w s_{k i,}

_Wyniki

bada?

_{wykopaliskowych}

_osady

_obronnej

w Tar?awkach, _pow.

_w?gorzewski

A Fortified Settlement ofWest Balt Barrow Culture from the _Early Iron _Age at Tar?awki, distr. _W?gorzewo

335

Dariusz

_{Krasnod?bski,}

Marek Dulinicz, Tomasz

_Samojlik,

Hanna Olczak,

_Bogumi?a

_{J?drzejewska,}

Cmentarzysko

cia?opalne

kultury

wielbarskiej

w

_uroczysku

Wielka Kletna _(Bia?owieski Park

_Narodowy,

woj.

podlaskie)

361

A Cremation _Cemetery of the Wielbark Culture in Kletna _{Range (Bia?owie?a} National Park, Podlasie _Province)

OD _REDAKCJI

Zasady

opracowania tekstów do

_publikacj

i w _{,Wiadomo?ciach}

_{Archeologicznych"}

377

s

c

A

A

M

I

E

L

L

N

E

Wiadomo?ci _{Archeologiczne,} t. LX, 2008

DOROTA

S?OWI?SKA,

KATARZYNA

DEJTROWSKA,

ULLA LUND HANS EN

A ROMAN

PAINTED

GLASS BEAKER FROM A

PRZEWORSK

CULTURE

CEMETERY

AT

_ZABORÓW,

WESTERN

MAZOWSZE*

MALOWANY PUCHAR SZKLANY Z CMENTARZYSKA KULTURY _PRZEWORSKIEJ

WZABOROWIE NA ZACHODNIM MAZOWSZU

RESEARCH

The Museum of Aneient Iron

_Metallurgy

in Pruszków

(Polish

abbreviation:

_MSHM)

stores

_{arehaeologieal}

mate-rial from a Roman Period _eemetery at Zaborów

_(site

_21),

eomm. Leszno, distr. Warszawa Zachód

_(Fig.

_1).

only

a small

_quantity

of

_prehistorie

_pottery of

undeter-mined

_ehronology

was _reeovered,

_along

with some

_early

medieval and medieval ceramics'.

In

_spring

of 1975, and _later, in 1981, Stefan

_Woyda

then direetor of the Museum had an aerial _survey made

of the

_prehistorie

eentre of iron

_metallurgy

_(S.

_Woyda

1977;

_cfidem

2002, p. 121,

fig.

1);

the same

_projeet

also

ineluded the

_making

of a

_photographie

doeumentation

of sites identified

_during

_{arehaeologieal}

field

_survey',

In

the area of Zaborów the main foeus of the aerial sur-vey was a settlement reeorded as site 22

_(Fig.

_2).

Aerial

photographs

taken on this oeeasion

_(Fig.

₃₎

revealed

the _presenee to the north -east of the settlement, aeross a stream, of a

_regular

diseolouration

_surrounding

a low

elevation

-ca 60 m in diameter - whieh in due

eourse was reeorded as _Zaborów, site 21. A field

_{investigation}

made at the site in 1984 did not

_bring

_expeeted

results:

I

\

*

Description and _analysis of the _cemetery and grave assemblages by

D. S?owi?ska & K. _Dejtrowska, detailed _analysis of the

enamel-paint-ed _glass beaker _by U. Lund Hansen. Translation

from Polish and _{proofreading by} A. Kinecka.

l

The aim of research, initiated on a wide scale

by S. _Woyda in mid-1960s as _part of the

Na-tional _{Archaeological} Field _Survey project

(Ar-cheologiczne Zdj?cie Polski - Polish

abbrevia-tion: AZP), was to _identify the extent of the Mazowsze centre of iron _smelting. Aerial

pho-tographs (archive of the Museum in Pruszków)

were taken _by Central _{Photographic Agency}

(Centralna _{Agencja Fotograficzna).}

Fig. 1. Z ab o rów, distr. Warszawa Zachód,

site 21. Location of the _cemetery

Ryc. 1. Z ab o rów, pow. Warszawa Zachód,

stan. 21. _{Lokalizacja cmentarzyska}

2

• • ₂ • 3 D 4 bJ,75

21

85,00 86,25 87,50 88,75 90,00 91,25 92,50 95,10 93,75 II "11 •• U "_{•••••••} U 'U" U II.: II :' U"• • II : •••• II ·n·, . • • il•. • _II .= li. • • • II _.... • • •• ··.JI u·· .. • •• : ··.u 11·· -, .. . ... : • • • _{•••••• II'·.} • ••• ••••• "1 U j(•.• • • • ••• ••••

_?.,

_{•••••}

II U····. • •• ••••• • • II ••.. •• • • •• -:? ••• : II •

••••••••••

n? •• : U -. • . ... ··.·I·?: ... : u': li II _': • • _••

•••

:.

·.-:.i::.·r-.:

? II • •••• • ? •• ?.-c- •• • . II •• • • ••• ..·.\?tCP , : • _Il II ': •••••• r .•

??

••• : U •• • •• .I'I?':!!'e!!' .:' II . _... ._... ••• • ?

_•••

_s? ••• :11 l! u: • • _•••• ,. •••• U • ••

_{··:.;:4?·.·}

: • _{•••••••...} t.. . • II: •• •

.-::=l

••

_?.

'JI •

:

...

:?

_••• \ II II _: U :' •• •••••

_?l.:I.

". U • • ••••• .= II II :' • •

22

• _•••• :'11 II _/ .. _: . • • II •••• u •• .: • • • •• • • r » : U • • • fu II•• •• • • • • .: II .... U ?II II U··· • u:·' : II II : •• : U •• ' U .: II ;11 II III I_.... : U U_/? • :.u U u: o 200m • II '. :11 u".

Fig. 2. Z ab o rów, distr. Warszawa Zachód, site 21 and 22. Site _plan of the _cemetery and settlement. 1

-pottery, 2

-lumps of _slag,

3 - blocks of

slag, 4 - _extent of the sites. Acc. _to S.

Woyda (AZP); graphic rendering by J. Andrzejowski

Ryc. 2. Zab orów, pow. Warszawa Zachód, stan. 21 i 22. _{Wzajemne po?o?enie cmentarzyska} i _osady. 1

-ceramika, 2

-bry?ki ?u?la,

3 - kloce

?u?la, 4

-zasi?g stanowisk. _Wg: S. _Woyda (AZP); oprac. graficzne J. Andrzejowski

The remains of the _cemetery were discovered in the

same area

_only

three _years later

_by

a stroke of fortune

when the aerial

_photographs

of Zaborów were

exam-ined

_by

_{Jan Tarnowski,} then student of the Institute of

Archaeology,

Warsaw

_University,

_working

on his MA

thesis on aerial

_photography

in

_archaeology.

In

_spring

of

1987 Tarnowski carried out two surface _surveys of site

21 and made the

_following

_report: "On 2nd and

7th

_April

I

_paid

a visit to Zaborów to _repeat the verification in the field ofthe location documented in

_photographs

_(no.

_37,

38)

received from S.

_Woyda

in December 1986; on this occasion I recovered assorted

_{archaeological}

material:

on 2nd

_April

-flints, ceramics from Late La Tene,

_Early

Roman and

_Early

Medieval _Period,

_fragments

of iron

slag

and unburnt human bones. I revisited Zaborów on

7th

_April

and this time secured

_truly

_spectacular

finds.

On the surface I found

_large

_fragments

of a

_painted

glass

vessel, sherds from a

_cinerary

urn dated to the

Early

Roman Period, and burnt bones"

_(J.

Tarnowski

1987)3.

Museum in March 2008. We _{acknowledge J.} Tarnowski's assistance in _writing the _{present study.}

3

Prom the _typescript of _J. Tarnowski's MA thesis; its selected

was submitted to Teresa Stawiarska PhD, then with the

Institute

_ofHistory

ofMaterial _Culture, Polish

_Academy

of Science, for conservation and

_physical

and chemical

analyses

(cfT.

Stawiarska 1999, p. 243,

326).

Now, more than 21 _years after its

_discovery,

archae-ological

material from Zaborów

_finally

has come to be

analysed

and

_published",

Location of the site

Zaborów site 21lies in the western reach ofthe

Mazow-sze Lowland, on the Plain of?owicz and B?onie

(J.

Kon-dracki 1998, p.

190-191),

approximately

15 km from

the western outskirts ofWarsaw. It is found at a

distan-ce of several hundred metres from the

_village

_buildings

and the former residence of the

_family

Goldstand at

Zaborów, in an area used for

_agriculture"

_(Fig.

_1).

In

terms of relief this is a

_lightly

folded terrain, situated at

the foot ofthe

_upland

ofthe Vistula

_ice-marginal

_valley,

which descends in a

_long

_slope

to its bottom terrace.

The site covers a small elevation which on its west side

adjoins

a

_deeply

incised

_valley

of a minor stream which

cuts into the rim of the

_upland

built of

_loamy

soils with

a moderate admixture of stone, which do not stand out

in the

_surrounding

_landscape.

A several metres wide

ring

of darker-coloured soil visible from

_higher

eleva-tion around the _top of the hill

_(Fig.

_3a.b)

is not _apparent

from the

_ground

level. Cremation _graves were

disco-vered in its SE area. That the site was attractive for settlement is confirmed

_by

the _presence of a

_large

pre-historie iron

_smelting

site and settlement of several hectares

_(site

_22),

which

_presumably

was

_directly

asso-ciated with the _cemetery

_(Fig.

2,

3b).

\

}

? 22 ? 21 b

Fig. 3. Z ab o _rów, distr. Warszawa Zachód, site 21 and 22.

View from the north (a) and from south-east (b). MSHM archive

Ryc. 3. Zab o _{rów, pow.} Warszawa Zachód, stan. 21 i 22.

Widok od N (a) iSE (b). Archiwum MSHM

In late

_September

and

_early

October of the same year Zaborów site 21 came under a rescue excavation

led

_by

Stefan

_Woyda.

The

_only

_report on this fieldwork is

_published

in "Informator

_{Archeologiczny"}

_(1988,

p.

132):

''A rescue excavation was made of an area of

36 nr' on the site of

_discovery

of surface finds. Three

substantially

eroded _graves were _identified,

_surviving

only

in their bottom 10-15 cm

_layer.

Two of them

were urn _graves. One, next to the base section of the

urn, contained an iron buckle and the bow

_fragment

of a bronze fibula. The second _grave, next to sherds from the urn, contained

_fragments

of a beaker which

escaped

destruction

_{by ploughing}

_(in

situ, in a vertical

position,

ca % of its

_height).

The beaker of white

_glass

was ornamented with

_painted

human

_figures

(gladia-tors?)"

(

...

)

"Also discovered were two

early

medieval

pits

(pit

bottom

_layer

of several cm

_thick)"

The beaker

The materia?

Archaeological

documentation from the excavation is

now lost. The

_only

_surviving

record is an

_inventory

of

finds

_(Inwentarz

_zabytków

_masowych

i

_{wydzielonych),}

which was used for

_{reconstructing}

the _{grave inventories,}

and six black and white

_photographs

made

_during

explo-ration of _grave 1. The location of the site and its number

were identified

_using

a

_plan

which is now _part of the

permanent

display

at the Museum in Pruszków and with

assistance of _Jan Tarnowski. The Museum archive has in

its

_keeping

also a location and elevation

_plan

of the site

showing

the extent of the rescue excavation _trench,

aer-ial

_photographs,

the AZP index card and

_photographs

of

the

_painted

_glass

beaker taken after its conservation", The numbers of _graves

_(1,

2a,

2b1)

and other features

_(2b2,

₃₎

are the same as those used in the field documentation.

4

Warm _{acknowledgements} to Jacek Andrzejowski (State

Archaeo-logical Museum in _Warsaw) and Adam Cie?li?ski (Institute of

Ar-chaeology, Warsaw _University) for their all-round assistance.

was _lying fallow with _only a trace amount of _{archaeological} finds

on its surface.

6

A new _photographic and _{photogrammetric} documentation was

made for the _purpose of this _{study by respectively,} Micha? _D?bski and Miron _Bogacki, and _by Marcin G?adki, whom we thank for their

5

On 19 March 2008 when the site was visited _{by Jacek Andrzejowski,}

(Fig.

9a); 4. Sma11

_{bucket-shaped}

vessel with a truncated

everted

_lip,

_fragmented.

_Poorly

_fired,

_poorly

_preserved

_pottery with stratified

_fIaking

wa11s.

_Grey-black,

with traces

_ofburning.

Substantial _quantity of medium

_-grained

crushed rock _temper.

H. ca 5.5 cm, rim diam. ca 9 cm, bottom diam. ca 6 cm

_(Fig

.

9b); 5. Ca 232 _{g of quite}

_heavily

burnt human _bone, mo

der-ately

and

_poorly

_preserved,

_beige-cream

in colour.

".

??-???l?«

-.... l ' f f Grave 2a .: ....

?-Urned

_grave"

of a mature individual of undetermined sex.

Closer details on this feature are

_lacking.

The _grave contained

the bottom of a

_largely

_destroyed

urn, an iron buckle and sherds of two other vessels. An undetermined «metal

_object

'x'» named

on alabel found with the rest of these finds which _may have

belonged

to the same _inventory was not identified.

-..•.

Inventory: l. Iron _unipartite buckle with half- round _frame,

lozengic

in cross-section, R.

_Madyda

-Legutko

type Dl. Diam.

3.3x2.7 cm

_(Fig.

_9d); 2. Urn - 50 sherds from

a biconical

vase-like vessel with an

_angular

_shoulder, we11-defined fiat

base and

_single

_(?) handle. _Polished, black. Substantial

quan-tity of fine- and medium

_-grained

crushed rock and sand

temper.

Body

diam. ca 27 cm, bottom diam. ca 12.5 cm

_(Fig.

ge); 3. 9

_fragments

of a vessel with a we11-defined

_lightly

everted

_lip

and a

_high

-set

_profiled

shoulder, distorted

_by

burn-ing. On vessel shoulder - 'rafter ornament'.

Smooth,

light

grey-brick-red.

Substantial _quantity of fine- and

medium--grained

crushed rock and sand _temper

_(Fig.

_9g);

4. 11

frag-ments of a small bowl with a rounded base and

_angular

shoulder. _Smooth, brick -red

surfaces, with traces of fire. Sub-stantial _quantity of fine- and medium

_-grained

mineral _temper.

H 4.5 cm, rim diam. ca 10 cm

_(Fig.

_9f); 5. 15 _gofbones,

heav-i?y

burnt and

_poorly

_preserved,

cream -white in colour.

Fig. 4. Zab o_rów, distr. Warszawa Zachód, site 21. Plan (a)

and cross-section (b) of grave 1. Photo S. _Woyda

Ryc. 4. Z ab o _{rów, pow.} Warszawa Zachód, stan. 21. Plan (a)

i_{przekrój (b) grobu} 1. Fot. S. _Woyda

Grave 1

An urned _grave,

_heavily

_damaged,

the _{upper part} of the urn

and the rim of the

_glass

vessel lost to

_ploughing".

From the

photographs

of the _grave

_plan

and its section

_(Fig.

_4a.b) it

appears that the cinerary urn and

_glass

beaker stood _just a few

centimetres _apart,

_centra11y

at bottom of a sma11 _{grave pit,}

gent1y

basin-like in cross-section. There is evidence that the

grave- fi 11 also held the remains of the

funerary

pyre. A

refer-ence in the finds _{inventory (Inwentarz} ... ) indicates that some of the skeletal remains of

_presumably

an older _(maturus-

se-nilis)8

male occurred under the base of the urn, and that the

grave also contained a sma11 bucket

_-shaped

vessel.

Inventory: l. Glass _{beaker, Eggers type 186,}

_partly

recon-structed. Conical

_body

covered with a

_painted

_{representation}

of two _pairs of

_gladiators

_(Fig.

_5-8). The contours of the

_figures

are _{faint, brown,}

_olive-ye11ow

and _turquoise.

_Finely

_preserved

transparent

glass

with a

_pale

_yellow

tint.

_Presumably

mould--blown into a _{two-piece mould;} solid conical foot. H ca 15 cm,

foot diam. 4.5 cm

_(cfT.

Stawiarska 1999, p. 243); 2. Urn

-

frag-mented biconical vessel with

_angular

shoulder, we11-defined,

pushed

out base and

_light1y

everted rim.

_Carefu11y

_smoothed,

grey-black.

Crushed rock and sand _temper. H ca 19 cm, rim

diam. ca 23 cm,

body

diam. ca 26 cm, bottom diam. 9.5-10 cm

Grave 2bl

Urned cremation _grave of a

_juvenile

_(infans

II

-iuvenis).

Bas-ing on the _inventory of sma11 finds we established the bow of

a bronze fibula 10 and several sherds from three or so vessels

also

_belonged

to this

_assemblage.

Inventory: l. Bronze fibula

_fragment,

_type

_Almgren

_38-39, with

a crest in the middle of the bow. _Surviving L. 2.7 cm

_(Fig.

_9c);

2. 5

_body

sherds from a

_gent1y

_profile

d _vessel,

_carefu11y

smooth-ed,

lightly

glossy

black. Substantial _quantity of fine- and

me-dium-grained

crushed rock and sand _temper.

_Body

diam. ca

22 cm; 3. 1

_Body

_sherd, outer surface

_roughened

_{by daubing}

with a solution of

_clay,

_{beige-orange,}

blackened on the _inside,

rough.

Substantial _quantity of

_most1y

coarse- and

medium--grained

crushed rock _temper; 4. 6 featureless sherds; burnt;

5. 13 _{g of}

_moderately

burnt bone,

poorly

preserved,

beige--cream in colour.

9

According to "Informator _{Archeologiczny"} (1988, p. 132), two

of the three _graves identified during rescue excavation were urn

graves. The inventory of gr ave 2a includes _fragments of a _partly

reconstructed vessel _{showing morphological} and _{technological}

features _typical for urns, which _suggests that the reference _applies to this _{grave deposit.}

assistance and dedication. _{Acknowledgements} also _go to Rados?aw Prochowicz (State Archaeological Museum, Warsaw) for his valuable

comments and assistance in _making the _drawings.

7

During the field survey were collected 9 sherds which were refitted

with the urn from the _grave and 8 sherds _showing the same

techno-logical features as the bucket _-shaped vessel from the same _grave.

8

Acknowledgements for specialist opinion on bone remains from

Zaborów go to ?ukasz M. Stanaszek PhD, anthropologist from the

State _{Archaeological} Museum, Warsaw. The _analysis established that the hones from the urn and the _{pit helonged} to the same individual.

lO

Most _probahly this is the fibula mentioned in "Informator

Archeo-logiczny" (1988, p. 132) as discovered in the second urned grave. This

information is not confirmed either _by the label attache d to this find

\ \ " , t ? \ t· .;. } ,.. } ? b a \

}!"

?

,??'?

?".

?

J

t #,- ,.?;..•t: . , .., , . "? :.? ... ···.r ? \ _',JLI ' .,. ? .. .

?

.... \ .. :-, ? --." " '.\ r d c

Fig. 5. Zab orów, distr. Warszawa Zachód, site 21. _{Enamel-painted glass} beaker from _grave 1 seen from four sides.

Ryc. 5. Zab o _{rów, pow.} Warszawa Zachód, stan. 21. _{Malowany puchar szklany} z _grobu 1_widziany z czterech stron.

I

)

?

---o 3cm

Fig. 6. Zab o _rów, distr. Warszawa Zachód, site 21. Enamel- _{painted glass} beaker from grave 1. Drawn _by P. Holub

Ryc. 6. Z ab o rów, pow. Warszawa Zachód, stan 21. _{Malowany pucharek szklany} z_grobu 1. _Rys. P. Holub

Pit 2b2 ite and mica _temper; 3. 1

_body

sherd.

_Slightly

_rough

_surface,

beige-orange

outside,

grey-dark

brown inside. Well _fired,

fine- and medium

_-grained

crushed _{granite temper;} 4. 1 fea-tureless sherd from a thick-walled vessel with

_carefully

smoothed black surfaces. Well fired, substantial _quantity of fine- and medium

_-grained

crushed rock _temper.

Posthole. Its fill contained a small number of sherds which

re-fitted with the

_fragments

of the vessel no. 2 from _grave 2b 1.

Inventory: l. 4 sherds with a

_carefully

smoothed,

_lightly

glossy

black surface. Substantial _quantity of fine- and

me-dium-grained

crushed rock and sand _temper.

Materia? collected from the trench surface

Pit3

This material occurred within two

_layers

removed with

shov-eIs:

_layer

1: ((1 cut

_deep

- 20-22

cm", and

_layer

2: ((2 cuts

deep

- between 20-22 and 30-33 cm".

Most1y,

these are

fea-tureless sherds from different vessels

_(including

_early

medi-eval), some of them

_belonging

to the

_destroyed

_cinerary urns

identified in the _graves. AIso from the humus _originate two

undetermined iron

_objects,

a

_fragmented

_clay

_spindle

_whorl,

a few

_fragments

of

_slag

and cremated bone remains.

Settlement _pito Several small sherds of

_early

medieval _ceramies,

probably

from four vessels.

Inventory: l. 1

_body

_sherd,

_engraved

ornament of

_triple

_wavy

line.

_Lightly

_rough

_surface, dark brown. Well _fired, abundant medium- and

_{coarse-grained}

crushed _{granite temper}

_(pink);

2. 1 sherd with an ornament of

_engraved

_parallei

lines. Smooth _surface,

_light

_{orange outside, grey} inside. Well _fired, abundant fine-, medium- and

_{coarse-grained}

crushed

gran-/'

/

/

\

/

I

\

\ .

/

I

(

I

I

L,

-\.._!?

-.. 1.' ') • _"l" "-. -\ E u (V)

\

\

\

\

. "

\

\?

\

"'-??

\

l'

\ =-::»

\

\

. I V .. ?- ,

\(

\

l?

[

\

\

o cm -",.-.. _i· ". " ', • _I 4. 1. 2. 3.

Fig. 8. Zab orów, distr. Warszawa Zachód, site 21. _{Photogrammetric image} of the ornament on the _{painted glass} beaker.

The four _gladiators are marked with numbers. Photo M. G?adki

Ryc. 8. Zab orów, pow. Warszawa Zachód, stan. 21. _{Fotogrametryczne rozwini?cie} ornamentu _{malowanego pucharka szklanego.}

Numery odpowiadaj? opisowi gladiatorów w tek?cie. Fot. M. G?adki

l.layer:

l.

_Fragmented

_clay

_spindle

whorl M. Stasiak ₍₁₉₉₄₎

type p-l, orange in colour

(Fig.

10a); 2. 29 sherds

probably

from a

_single

well made vessel with a marked shoulder and _strap

handle, with a _{geometrie (meander?) pattern} above shoulder.

Smooth,

grey-black

surface. Substantial _quantity of fine- and

medium-grained

crushed rock and sand _temper

_(Fig.

_10e.f);

3. 6 sherds with similar

_{technological}

features, traces of fire,

including

2 small

_fragments

with an everted rim. _Smooth,

_light

grey -orange surface. Substantial quantity of fine- and

medium-grained

crushed rock _temper; 4. 7 sherds from

_light1y

burnt

upper section of a thin-walled vessel with a _smooth,

_light

grey--orange surface. Abundant fine- and medium

-grained

crushed rock _temper; 5. 7

_{substantially}

_fragmented

featureless

_body

sherds from a thick-walled vessel with a

_carelessly

_finished,

or-ange surface. Abundant medium-and

coarse-grained

crushed

granite temper; 6. 10 sherds from a vessel with a

_light1y

thick-ened rounded rim

_emphasised

_by

an

_engraved

_{horizontalline,}

ornamented above shoulder with an

_engraved

_zigzag, at

shoulder with two

_{parallellines,}

_heavily

distorted

_{by burning.}

Variegated

light

grey-orange-brick-red

surface. Substantial

quantity of fine- and medium

_-grained

white rock _temper

_(Fig.

10g.h).

7. 17

_early

medieval sherds with similar

_{technological}

features from 3 or so vessels,

_including

2 rim sherds wit h

a truncated everted

_lip,

diam. ca 18 cm

_(Fig.

_{lOn), lupper}

body

sherd ornamented

_by

a

_tight

_arrangement of horizontal grooves

(Fig.

100) and l

body

sherd wit h an ornament of horizontal _grooves,

_slight1y

_rough,

dark brown,

_grey-dark

brown and

_beige-orange

surface; abundant crushed _granite and sand _temper

_(Fig.

_10p);

8. 16 featureless sherds with

heav-ily

eroded, stratified or burnt surfaces; 9. 5

_fragments

of pre-historie iron

_slag;

10.6.2 _g

_heavily

burnt,

_poorly

preserved

bones of a mature individual, cream-white in colour".

2.

_layer:

l. l

_fragment

of an

_object

of thin _(ca 0.1 _cm) iron

sheet,

perhaps

a _[ahn 7 shield-boss. Dim. ca 3.3x3.l cm

_(Fig.

l_Ob): 2.6 featureless

_body

_sherds,

_presumably

from a

_single

vessel, smoothed

_black-grey

surface. Fine- and

medium-11

According to _{specialist opinion} these bones show _{great similarity}

to the remains from _grave 2a, which _applies also to the bones dis-covered in _layer 2 (no. 6).

?

I I \ \ \ \ \ \ \,

\

Grave

2b1

?

c

Grave

1

Grave

2a

/

-?

d _{o 4cm} - - I a.b.e-g O 3cm c.d e

Fig. 9. Zab o_rów, distr. Warszawa Zachód, site 21. Grave 1 (a.b), 2a _(d-g) and 2bl (c). a.b.e-g

-clay, c

-bronze, d -iron. Drawn _by K. _Dejtrowska

Ryc. 9. Zab o_{rów, pow.} Warszawa Zachód, stan. 21. Grób 1 (a.b), 2a _(d-g) i 2bl (c). a.b.e-g

-glina, c

-br?z, d - ?elazo.

Rys. K. _Dejtrowska

-grained

crushed _granite and sand _temper; 3. 2 rim sherds

from a small vessel with a

_light1y

thickened rounded rim and

high-set

profiled

shoulder, orange surface.

Poorly

fired.

Sub-stantial _quantity of fine- and medium

_-grained

crushed _granite

temper. Rim diam. ca 10 cm

_(Fig.

_IOk); 4. 6 sherds from

_early

medieval _vessels,

_including:

2

_body

sherds with a

_rough

beige-orange surface, with an ornament of a

_tight

_arrangement of horizontal _grooves, well fired; substantial _quantity of

coarse-and medium

_-grained

crushed rock _temper, 2 sherds of

_light

brown ceramics, well fired, substantial _quantity of medium-and

fine-grained

crushed _granite and sand _temper, 2 small

_body

sherds, brick -red -dark

brown,

engraved

horizontal _line,

me-diocre

_firing,

substantial _quantity of coarse- and

medium-grained

crushed _{granite temper;} 5. 12 sherds from several

vessels,

_damaged.

6. 13 _{g of}

_heavily

burnt,

_poorly

preserved

bones of a mature individual, cream -white in colour. Materia? recovered

_during

surface _survey

l. _Fragment of a bronze mirror, round in

_shape,

with a

thick-ened

_slight1y

folded under and fiat

_shaped

rim. The disc

prob-ably

was

_light1y

_{plano-convex.}

On outer face,

_engraved

orna-ment of two concentric _rings. Diam. ca 11.5 cm 12, Th. of disc

ca 0.1 cm, Th. of rim ca 0.3 cm

_(Fig.

_10d); 2. Bronze fibula _pin

and 3 _spring coils". L ca 1,3 cm

_(Fig.lOc);

3. 9 sherds

_belonging

12

The size of this _{fragment (surviving length} of the _perimeter ca 2 cm)

is too smalI to determine the diameter of the mirror _precisely.

the _{painted glass} beaker, urn and cremated bone. Because the upper

layer of alI the features identified at Zaborów was lost to _ploughing

the find cannot be _safely attributed to _any of the three _grave inven-tories.

13

According to information _{given by Jan} Tarnowski this fibula

Stray

finds

?, b -- ? \ \

I

I

C5

\ \ o 4cm _\

I

I

-

--Dc

\ a-d \

+

I ----.-a .?

\e

?" _..} '\l- ?J

\

1-\

L ??:. k

t

_./

'\:?

1\\

l,

\m

₍

\ I (,/ I n I d c o 3cm e-p

Fig. 10. Zab o_rów, distr. Warszawa Zachód, site 21. _Stray finds. a.e-p

-clay, b

-iron, c.d - bronze.

Drawn _by K. _Dejtrowska & P. Holub

Ryc. 10. Zab o rów, pow. Warszawa Zachód, stan. 21. Znaleziska lu?ne. a.e-p

-glina, b

-?elazo, c.d

-br?z. Rys. K. _Dejtrowska iP. Holub

eroded,

_light

grey -orange surface. Abundant medium-and

coarse-grained

crushed rock _temper; 12. 7

_{substantially}

fragmented

prehistorie

sherds,

_presumably

from two _vessels,

cracked and

_variegated

_{grey-orange-dark}

brown surface. Careless execution, poor

firing,

abundant

coarse-grained

crushed rock _temper, visible on vessel surface; 13. 7

substan-tially

fragmented

sherds with

_poorly

_preserved

surfaces; 14. 3

pieces of worked flint:

_fragment

of a retouched blade of

chocolate flint, blade of Cretaceous erratic flint,

chip

of Cre-taceous erratic flint

_showing

traces of

_polishing";

15. 4

frag-ments of

_prehistorie

iron

_slag;

16. 51.5 _{g of} cremated bones";

17. Unburnt human bones _(several

_fragments

of _skull, teeth

and _skeleton) from a 25-35 _year old individual",

to the urn from _{grave l;} 4. 8

_poorly

_preserved

sherds from

a bucket

_-shaped

vessel from _{grave l;} 5. l small rim sherd from a vessel with an everted rounded

_lip

and smooth

_light

grey-orange surface. Medium qu ant it y of fine- and

medium--grained

crushed rock _temper; 6. 2 small

_body

_sherds,

smooth-ed, blackened _surface,

_engraved

_geometrie ornament.

Me-dium _quantity of fine- and medium

_-grained

crushed rock

temper

(Fig.

10j);

7. 5 rim and

_body

_sherds,

_light

_grey-orange surface with traces of

_burning.

Facetted rim

_emphasised

_by

an

_engraved

line. On vessel _shoulder, a narrow band of

deli-cately

engraved

ornament. With some fine- and

medium--grained

crushed rock _temper. Rim diam. ca 14 cm

_(Fig.

_10i);

8. 2 sherds, black -dark brown surface,

_tight

arrangement of shallow _grooves. Medium _qu ant _{it y} of crushed _{granite temper;}

9. 1 rim _sherd, trunctated everted

_lip

and

_profile

d _(?)

_body.

Smoothed,

light

orange surface. Medium quantity of

fine-grainedmineral

temper

(Fig.

101); 10. 10

_{earlymedieval}

_sherds,

presumably

from three vessels of similar _{make, among} them

4

_body

sherds with

_different1y

_arranged

horizontal _groves, and

l neck sherd with an ornament of a _wavy line

_(Fig.

_10m).

Slight1y

rough,

orange-beige-dark

brown surfaces. Well _fired,

substantial _quantity of medium-and

_{coarse-grained}

crushed

granite temper; 11. 5

_body

_{sherds, smooth,}

_{substantially}

Discussion of the _grave inventories

Grave 1

The

_painted

_Eggers

_type 186

_glass

beaker is discussed

in more detail hereinafter

_by

Ulla Lund Hansen. Next

to it _grave l contained two hand-built _{pottery vessels,}

substantially

eroded. The biconical urn

_(Fig.

_9a),

care-fully

executed, with matt

_black-grey

_surfaces,

_high-set

shoulder

_emphasised

_by

an

_engraved

line,

_belongs

to

16

According to _opinion of ?. M. Stanaszek the state of

preserva-tion and extent of fossilisation of the bones _suggests medieval or

modern _age.

14

Acknowledgements to Barbara and S?awomir Sa?aci?ski (State

Archaeological Museum, Warsaw) for _determining these finds.

15

According to _opinion of ?. M. Stanaszek these were bones of the

T. Liana's _group II

_(1970,

_{p. 433, 439,}

_pl.

II:

_1-6.8-10.13)

of biconical forms characterised

_by

a substantial rim

diameter,

_only

_slightly

smalIer than the maximum

_body

diameter, many of them with a well defined holIow foot.

The state of

_preservation

of the _upper section of this

vessel is too _poor to alIow conclusive classification to

one of the three _types in _group II, but

_by

its

_relatively

smalI base diameter and

-apparently

- absence of neck

(determined

on the basis of two rim

_sherds)

it _may be

classified as _type 11/3. Vessels of this _type are in evidence

throughout

the entire

_Early

Roman Period.

1959, p.

212-213)

dated

reliably

to

phase

B2• A similar

chronology

may be

adopted

on the basis of ceramics

for a Dl buckle from _grave 2 at

_Zduny,

distr. ?owicz

(Z.

Nowakowski 1995, p.

130),

whereas two further

buckles of the same _type discovered in the humus at

the _cemetery at

?d?arów,

distr. Sochaczew

_(Z.

Nowa-kowski 2003, p.

130),

cannot be dated more

_closely.

Presumably,

the

_inventory

of _grave 2a

_originalIy

eon-sisted of two

_complete

_pottery vessels and _pottery

sherds. The

_cinerary

urn

_(Fig.

_ge)

is a biconical

_glossy

black vessel of

_relatively

_plump

_proportions,

_probably

wit h an

_applied

_{handle, group} II in T. Liana's

_typology

(1970,

p.

439).

Its type,

similarly

as in case ofthe

ciner-ary urn in _grave 1, is difficult to determine because its upper

body

does not survive. Nevertheless it seems that

this vessel also _may be classified as _type 11/3

_by

its

marked shoulder and well defined base. The smalI

round-based bowl

_(Fig.

_9f)

_belongs

in _type VI/20fT.

Lia-na

(1970,

_p.

440),

a form which start to _appear

_only

during

phase

B2, and becomes

_widespread

in several

cemeteries of Przeworsk culture. The _upper

_body

sherds of another vessel

_(Fig.

_9g),

with an

_engraved

ornament,

sharply

profiled

high-set

shoulder, are distorted

_by

fire.

Forms wit h

_similarly

wide mouth and _upper

_body

form

may be

placed

in group IV of T. Liana

(1970,

p. 439,

pl.

11:7-12),

ie, bowl-like vessels.

_By

its well defined and

lightly

thickened rim the vessel should be classified to

type IV/l, forms noted

_mainly

_during

the Late

Pre--Roman Period and

_during

_phase

BI. The ornament of

two horizontal lines which enclose _groups of

alter-nately

arranged

oblique

strokes, is referred to as 'rafter'

pattern

(cJ

J.

Andrzejowski

1998, p. 92,

fig.

6).

It is seen

in a number of variants on various vessel _types. The rafter ornament is characteristic

_primarily

for

_phase

B2,

and is

_rarely

seen on vessels from

_phase

Bi, from the Late

Pre- Roman and Late Roman Period. It is encountered

definitely

more often in the eastern zone of Przeworsk

Culture than to the west of the Vistula river

_(A.

Nie-w?g?owski

1972, p.

154).

The second ceramie vessel from _grave 1 survives in

fragments,

its surfaces are stratified, so its reconstruction

is not

_entirely

certain

_(Fig.

_9b).

_Presumably

it was a smalI

vessel, reminiscent

_{ofbucket-shaped}

vessels which have

no _counterparts in the

_typology

of T. Liana and do not

feature at all in the _system

_developed

_by

M. Stasiak

(1994).

They

are vessels

_extremely

rare on Przeworsk

territory.

Single

specimens

are known from Zadowice,

distr. Kalisz

_(A.

_Abramowicz, B.

_Lepówna

1957,

_pl.

XXXII:3)

and Niedanowo, distr. Nidzica

_(W

Ziemli?ska--Odojowa

1999,

_pl.

CXXIX/347:9),

where

_they

occurred

in _grave

_assemblages

dated to

_phase

_B2• Similar forms

were classified

_by

R.

_Wo??giewicz

_(1993,

_p. 17, 30, 114,

map

13)

as _group XI ofWielbark Culture _pottery. Vessels

of this _group are encountered across the whole Wielbark

territory

throughout

the Roman Period. In a somewhat

later

_period

_(starting

from

_phase

_B2/CI)

_{bucket-shaped}

vessels enter the

_{archaeological}

record also in the Balt

environment

_(P.

_Szyma?ski

2000, p. 119,

pl.

XV).

Grave 2a

This _grave contained an iron

_unipartite

buckle with

a half-round frame

_lozengic

in _{cross-section, type} Dl

(Fig.

9d).

In Przeworsk _grave

_assemblages

buckles of

this _type occur in _great number

_starting

from the late

phase

of the Late Pre-Roman Period until the _younger

phase

of the Late Roman Period, but are distinctive

particularly

for

_phase

B2

(R.

Madyda

1977, p. 367; R.

Ma-dyda-Legutko

1987, p.

24-25).

This is

supported

by

evidence from

_larger

cemeteries in the Przeworsk zone.

While at

_Kamie?czyk,

distr.

_Wyszków,

a

_single

Dl

buckle occured in a

_deposit

from

_phase

A2 a definite

majority

originated

in _graves dated to

_phase

_B2

_(T.

D?-browska 1997, p.

88,120),

similarly

as at _Nadkole, distr.

W?grów

(J.

Andrzejowski

1998, p. 58,

112),

and

Nie-danowo, distr. Nidzica

_(W

_{Ziemli?ska-Odojowa}

1999,

p. 116,

139).

At Oblin, distr. Garwolin, type Dl buckles

occurred

_only

in _graves dated to

_phase

B2

(K.

Czarnecka 2007, p. 77,

112).

The buckle form is known also from a number of sites found in direct

_vicinity

of the iron

smelting

centre in the Plain ofB?onie. Several

_specimens

originate

from the _cemetery at Grodzisk Mazowiecki,

distr. loco,

_including

graves 6, 7 and 23

(B.

Barankiewicz

Grave 2bl

The

_fragment

of a bronze fibula discovered in _grave

2b 1

_(Fig.

_9c)

wit h a crest in the middle of its fiat

S--shaped

bow, may be classified as

_Almgren

_type 38-39

(1923,

p. 143,

pl.

11:38).

Fibulae of this type are elements

characteristic for female dress and _appear

_during

_phase

B2a, to become more

_widespread,

both in Przeworsk and Wielbark culture,

_during

_phase

B2b

_(eg,

M.

_Ol?dzki

1998,

p. 74-75; M.

M?czy?ska

2006, p. 161-162; A. Cie?li?ski

2007, p.

280).

In three

larger

cemeteries of the eastern

Przeworsk zone

-Kamie?czyk,

Nadkole and

Nieda-nowo - these forms occurred in

assemblages

datable

to this

_phase

_exactly

_(T.

_D?browska

1997, p. 116-119;

Ziemli?ska-Odo-jowa

1999, p.

111).

Type

A.38-39 brooches

rarely

occur in

_deposits

in western Mazowsze - the closest

analogy

is a fibula from a _cemetery at

_Kompina,

distr. ?owicz,

grave 49

(L.

Tyszler

1999, p.

168).

A fibula from the

cemetery at Grodzisk Mazowiecki,

_published

as _type

A.38

_(B.

Barankiewicz 1959, p. 214,

pl.

IX:3)

is in re alit _y a solid iron fibula with a

_spring

in a

_cylinder,

a local

Przeworsk variant of

_spring-cover

_brooches, which fit within the framework of _type A.41 Xl in the

_typology

of _J. Schuster

_(ejJ.

_Andrzejowski

2001, p. 65-66,

fig.

8;

J. Schuster 2005, p. 136,

fig.

39:7).

Two further mirrors in the form of fiat unornamented discs were discovered in a _cemetery within a so-calIed

royal

grave at Lubieszewo, distr.

Gryfice

tLubsow, Kr.

Greifenberg),

in _graves 111/1913 and 1/1925

_(H.

J.

Eggers

1953, p. 71, 72, 100,

fig.

5,

pl.

3c).

The same _cemetery

produced

another mirror

-a 'silvered' disc wit h a

ser-rated rim, ornamented wit h concentric

_rings,

_grave

1/1908

_(E.

Pernice 1913, p. 140,

fig.

8; H. _J.

_Eggers

1953,

p.

100).

The graves from Lubieszewo are datable

respec-tively,

to

_phases

BIb, B2b-c and

_{BIb_cIS.}

It seems that the mirror from Zaborów has no

_parallel

among finds recorded in Poland. A similar

specimen

is

known from the so-calIed Wroc?aw colIection

_(B.

Nie-zabitowska 2004, p. 210-214,

fig.

2E).

The author is

in-clined to consider it to be a

_provincial

Roman

_produet

and does rule out that it _may be a

_fragment

of a mirror

with a cover, so-calIed _compact. The mirror

_fragment

from Zaborów is too smalI for conclusive identification. The

_shape

of its _rim,

_lightly

concave _upper face,

orna-ment of concentric _grooves and its reconstructed

diam-eter

_correspond

best to _group C

_(HelIenistic

and

_related)

and _group Ra

_(lid

_mirrors)

of Roman mirrors as

classi-fied

_by

G.

_Lloyd

_Morgan

_(1981,

_p. 24-25,

69-71),

which

are encountered in number within the Roman

_Empire

of AD 1st

c.

_(eg,

S. Boucher, G. Perdu, M.

_Peugere

1980,

The fill of _grave 2b 1 contained also some featureless

sherds from different vessels with traces of fire as welI as a number

_ofbody

sherds with

_carefulIy

executed

blacke-ned surfaces.

Surface finds

An

_object

which was colIected from the surface of the

cemeteryat Zaborów is a smalI

_fragment

of a bronze

mir-ror wit h a thickened and raised rim and disc diameter of

ea 11.5 cm. The

_lightly

convex _{upper part} of the disc

features an

_engraved

ornament of two concentric circles

(Fig.

10d).

Mirrors are a

_toiletry

item

_exceedingly

rare in

central

_European

Barbaricum

_(ejK.

Pieta 1998; E.

Dro-berjar

1999, p.

154).

Theyare

considered a female attribute

as confirmed

_{by iconography}

from the Roman

_provinces

of Norieum and Pannonia of AD 1st

and _{2nd century.} Most

of these

_{representations}

_depict

mirrors with _handles, more

rarely,

in the form of a

_'compact'

(J.

Garbsch 1965, p. 4-11,

pl.

1-4).

p. 94-98,

fig.

458-476)19.

The material

_originating

from the 2.

_(lower)

level removed with shovels from the surface of the trench included a

_fragment

of an iron

_object

_(Fig.

_lOb).

This has been

_interpreted

as a

_fragment

of a Iahn 7a shield

boss, similar to T. Liana's variant 2

_(1970,

_{p. 432,}

451--452),

characterised

_by

a

_relatively

low

_fIange,

dated to

the _{younger segment} of

_phase

B2. Iahn 7a is a form of

shield boss

_frequently

encountered across the entire

Przeworsk

_territory.

At

_Kamie?czyk

shield bosses _type 7a/2 occurred in five _graves

_(1,

150, 170, 173,

191),

dated from

_phase

B2a until

_phase

B2c- B2/ CI

(T.

D?browska

1997, p.

91).

A smalIer number of similar shield-bosses is recorded at _Nadkole, in _{grave 100,} dated to

_phase

3

of this _cemetery, which

_corresponds

to

_phase

B2c- B2/Cl

(J.

Andrzejowski

1998, p.

68-69),

and at Oblin, in grave

26b, dated to the close of

_phase

B2

(K.

Czarnecka 2007,

p.

86).

In western Mazowsze

J.7a/2

shield-bosses occurred

at the _cemetery at Grodzisk _Mazowiecki, in _{graves 6, 22,}

in the so-calIed located _graves as welI as in _grave 'Pl

_(B.

Ba-rankiewicz 1959, p. 212,

pl.

VI:15,

IX:2).

The smalI number of metal mirror finds from Poland

was

_recently

correlated

_by

M. Pietrzak

_(2007).

AlI mirrors

found in Przeworsk

_deposits

are fiat discs with

_profiled

handles, dated to A3 ofthe Late Pre-Roman Period

(Za-dowice, distr. Kalisz, grave 733 - E. Kaszewska

1982,

_pl.

288:1.2;

_Char?upia

Ma?a, distr. _{Sieradz, grave} 25

-P.

Ku-rowicz, M.

_Ol?dzki

2002, p. 22-23,

pl.

XVII:2; Kraków 1

-Wschód, settlement

-M. Pietrzak 2007, p.

144),

or to

phase

A3 and onset of

_phase

B,

(Pasieka

Otfinowska, distr.

Tarnów, settlernent"

-A.

_Szpunar

1994,

_pl.

XVIIIb).

Three mirrors

_originated

in cemeteries of Wielbark culture in East Pomerania

_(Ró?yny,

distr. Pruszcz

Gda?-ski, grave 151,

Opalenie,

distr. Tczew, grave 81 - M.

Pie-trzak _{2007, p. 140, 141,}

_pl.

_{1:1, 2:1;}

_Elbl?g,

distr. loeo -H. J.

Eggers

1951, p.

104:628).

AlI were fiat discs

with-out a defined rim. The _grave at

_Opalenie

is dated to

phase

Bi, the _grave at

_Ró?yny

to the

_beginning

of

_phase

B2, and the _stray find from

_Elbl?g

cannot be dated more

closely.

Mechanicallayer

2 also

_yielded

a _very smalI

_fragment

of a disc-like

_{spindle-whorl}

_(Fig.

_10a).

It is closest in form

to _type

_p-l

_{distinguished}

_by

M. Stasiak

_(1994,

_p. 56;

_ej

17

This _specimen was _published as a _strap end.

19

Warm _{acknowledgements} to Barbara Niezabitowska -Wi?niewska

(Institute of _Archaeology, Maria Curie-Sk?odowska _University,

Lu-blin), for consultation and _guidance on _{bibliography concerning}

antique mirrors.

18

The _dating of graves from Lubieszewo is consistent with the

new-est, as _{yet unpublished, analysis} of the _{cemetery by Jan} Schuster

(Institute of _Archaeology, ?ód? _University), who is _acknowledged