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Ukraine, known for years as the “Breadbasket of the Soviet Union”, is now one of the most important wheat exporters in Europe

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52 УДК 332.1

Kramar Iryna, PhD (Economics), Associate Professor Ternopil Ivan Puluj National Technical University, Ternopil, Ukraine

EASTERN EUROPE: PECULIARITIES OF REGION DEVELOPMENT

Крамар Ірина к.е.н, доцент Тернопільський національний технічний університет імені Івана Пулюя, м.Тернопіль, Україна

СХІДНА ЄВРОПА: ОСОБЛИВОСТІ РОЗВИТКУ РЕГІОНУ

The United Nations Statistics Division includes in the list of Estern countries such countries as Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia and the Slavic republics of Belarus, Moldova and Ukraine [1]. Although there are other thoughts defining this region. For example, the term “Eastern Europe” is often used to all European countries which earlier on were ruled by communist regimes, according to the concept of the “Iron Curtain” which separated West and East during the period of the Cold War. This historic fact determined pre- conditions of region development.

The region has excellent commercial forests and agricultural areas. The Danube valley countries produce corn and wheat. Ukraine, known for years as the “Breadbasket of the Soviet Union”, is now one of the most important wheat exporters in Europe. Eastern Europe's major mineral resources are coal, iron ore, petroleum, natural gas, and bauxite. One of the features of Eastern European countries is high unemployment rates which leads to the situation when people go abroad to find work.

Dominated by the Soviet Union in XX cewntury, politics in Eastern Europe has changed significantly since its collapse in 1991. Many of the newly independent states aligned themselves with the market-oriented democracies of Western Europe. This transformation is based on the idea that freedom and prosperity can best be achieved by using the methods and practices that have proven successful in Western Europe since World War II.

The countries of Eastern Europe have three basic elements in common on their way to economic transformation: stabilization, liberalization, and privatization [2]. In a short period the opportunity to trade with the West has given instant competition, diminishing the domestic monopoly of state enterprises. In the long period, international trade has the key to the eventual integration of the economies of Eastern Europe with the economies of the West.

Most countries in the region are working on export increase, which has positive impact on the increase of economic integration with the West in general. Liberalization of economic activity has also caused the growth of private sector activity. At the same time, the state ownership sector is declining in all countries of the region.

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53

Some of those countries referred as “Eastern European countries” has successfully achieved the goal to build market-oriented economy, become capitalist system and even are members of European Union. Other countries are still struggling on their way to become a strong member of European community.

So as we can see, despite of some common pre-conditions of region development, a lot depends on individual policy which took place in the countries after Soviet Union collapsed.

References

1. “United Nations Statistics Division- Standard Country and Area Codes Classifications”

available at: http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm#europe.

2. Lipton, David, and Jeffrey Sachs. "Creating a Market Economy in Eastern Europe: The Case of Poland." Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 1 (1990).

УДК 332

Микуланинець Світлана, аспірант Мукачівський державний університет м. Мукачево, Закарпатська обл., Україна ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ЛОГІСТИЧНИХ ІНСТРУМЕНТІВ З МЕТОЮ

ПІДВИЩЕННЯ КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНОСТІ ТУРИСТИЧНОЇ ГАЛУЗІ РЕГІОНУ

Mykulanets Svitlana, Postgraduate student APPLICATION OF LOGISTICS TOOLS TO INCREASE COMPETITIVENESS OF

REGION TOURISM INDUSTRY

Теорією та практикою регіонального управління визнано, що туризм у сучасній регіональній економіці став одним із важливих її секторів, забезпечуючи значну частину податкових надходжень у місцевий бюджет, розвиток регіону та інфраструктури туристично- рекреаційної сфери. На сьогоднішній день спостерігається недостатній розвиток туристичної галузі, неповне використання її потенціалу, невідповідність туристичних послуг міжнародним стандартам. Щодо матеріально-технічної бази туристичних об’єктів та їх конкурентоспроможності, на жаль, на цей час інфраструктура готельного ринку України не задовольняє попиту на готельні послуги ні за кількістю, ні за якістю. Все це зумовлює необхідність оптимізації управління туристичною сферою в регіоні. Для цього необхідно покращити окремі логістичні процеси, здійснювати управління розвитком туристичної галузі на державному та регіональному рівнях, вдосконалення фінансово-економічних механізмів та інформаційного забезпечення управління, функціонування туристичної сфери на основі вдосконалення законодавчої та податкової бази, сталого розвитку України. Туристична

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