DIAMONDMAX-16-2

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Maxtor DiamondMax16 60/80/120/160GB Product Manual

October 16, 2003 Part Number: 1837

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This publication could include technical inaccuracies or typographical errors. Changes are periodically made to the information herein – which will be incorporated in revised editions of the publication. Maxtor may make changes or improvements in the product(s) described in this publication at any time and without notice.

Maxtor and MaxFax^® are registered trademarks of Maxtor Corporation, registered in the U.S.A. and other countries. Maxtor DiamondMax16, AutoTransfer, AutoRead, AutoWrite, DisCache, DiskWare, Defect Free Interface, and WriteCache are trademarks of Maxtor Cor- poration. All other brand names or trademarks are the property of their manufacturers.

Maxtor reserves the right to make changes and improvements to its products, without incurring any obligation to incorporate such changes or improvements into units previously sold or shipped.

This product or document is protected by copyright and distributed under licences restrict- ing its use, copying, distributing, and decompilation. No part of this product or document may be reproduced in any form by any means without prior written authorization of Maxtor and its licensors, if any.

RESTRICTED RIGHTS LEGEND: Use, duplication, or disclosure by the government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraphs (c)(1)(ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252.227-7013 and FAR 52.227-19.

THIS PUBLICATION IS PROVIDED “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTIULAR PURPOSE, OR NON-INFRINGEMENT.

You can request Maxtor publications from your Maxtor Sales Representative or order them directly from Maxtor.

Publication Number: Part Number: 1837

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Before You Begin

Thank you for your interest in Maxtor hard disk drives. This manual provides technical information for OEM engineers and systems integrators regarding the installation and use of Maxtor hard drives. Drive repair should be performed only at an authorized repair center. For repair information, contact the Maxtor Product Support Center at 1-800-2MAXTOR.

CAUTION: Maxtor hard drives are precision products. Failure to follow these precautions and guidelines outlined here may lead to product failure, damage and invalidation of all warranties.

1 BEFORE unpacking or handling a drive, take all proper electrostatic discharge (ESD) precautions, including personnel and equipment grounding. Stand-alone drives are sensitive to ESD damage.

2 BEFORE removing drives from their packing material, allow them to reach room temperature.

3 During handling, NEVER drop, jar, or bump a drive.

4 Once a drive is removed from the Maxtor shipping container, IMMEDIATELY secure the drive through its mounting holes within a chassis. Otherwise, store the drive on a padded, grounded, antistatic surface.

5 NEVER switch DC power onto the drive by plugging an electrically live DC source cable into the drive's connector. NEVER connect a live bus to the drive's inter- face connector.

6 ELECTRICAL GROUNDING - For proper operation, the drive must be securely fas- tened to a device bay that provides a suitable electrical ground to the drive baseplate.

Please do not remove or cover up Maxtor factory-installed drive labels. They contain information required should the drive ever need repair.

Thank you for your interest in Maxtor hard disk drives. This manual provides technical information for OEM engineers and systems integrators regarding the installation and use of Maxtor hard drives. Drive repair should be performed only at an authorized repair center. For repair information, contact the Maxtor Customer Service Center at 800-2MAXTOR or

1-303-678-2015.

Corporate Headquarters:

500 McCarthy Blvd.

Milpitas, California 95035 Tel: 408-894-5000

Fax: 408-362-4740

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Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Maxtor Corporation ... 1-1 1.2 Manual Organization... 1-1 1.3 Abbreviations ... 1-2 1.4 Conventions... 1-2 Chapter 2

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

2.1 Product Overview... 2-1 2.2 Key Features... 2-1 2.3 Product Features... 2-2 2.4 Cache Management... 2-5 2.5 Major HDA Components... 2-5 2.6 Subsystem Configuration ... 2-7 2.7 Cylinder Limitation Jumper Description ... 2-8 Chapter 3

PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS

3.1 Models and Capacities ... 3-1 3.2 Drive Configuration ... 3-2 3.3 Performance Specifications ... 3-3 3.4 Physical Dimensions ... 3-3 3.5 Power Requirements... 3-5 3.6 Power Mode Definitions ... 3-5 3.7 EPA Energy Star Compliance ... 3-5 3.8 Environmental Limits ... 3-6 3.9 Shock and Vibration ... 3-6 3.10 Reliability Specifications... 3-7 3.11 EMC/EMI ... 3-8 3.11.1 Radiated Electromagnetic Field Emissions - EMC Compliance ... 3-8 3.11.2 Canadian Emissions Statement ... 3-8 3.12 Safety Regulatory Compliance ... 3-8

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Table of Contents

ii Maxtor DiamondMax16 60/80/120/160GB

Chapter 4

HANDLING AND INSTALLATION

4.1 Hard Drive Handling Precautions ... 4-1 4.2 Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)... 4-1 4.3 Unpacking and Inspection ... 4-2 4.4 Repacking ... 4-5 4.5 Physical Installation... 4-5 Chapter 5

ATA BUS INTERFACE AND ATA COMMANDS

5.1 INTRODUCTION ... 6-1 5.2 MECHANICAL INTERFACE ... 6-1 5.2.1 Signal Cable and Connector ...6-1 5.3 ELECTRICAL INTERFACE... 6-1 5.3.1 ATA Bus Interface ...6-1 5.4 REGISTER ADDRESS DECODING ... 6-2 5.5 COMMAND INTERFACE... 6-2 5.5.1 General Feature Set ...6-2 5.5.2 Supported Commands ...6-2 Chapter 6

SERVICE AND SUPPORT

6.1 Product Support/Technical Assistance/Customer Service... 6-1 Appendix A

BREAKING THE 137 GIGABYTE STORAGE BARRIER

A.1 Breaking the 137 Gigabyte Storage Barrier... A-1 A.1.1 History ... A-1 A.1.2 Solving the 137 Gigabyte Capacity Barrier ... A-3 A.1.3 How is the Extension Implemented? ... A-3 A.1.4 What Do the Drives Need to Meet the Spec? ... A-3 A.1.5 What Else is Involved? ... A-3 A.1.6 What is the Next Barrier? ... A-4

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Figure 2-1 PCBA Jumper Location and Configuration ... 2-6 Figure 3-1 Outline and Mounting Dimensions ... 3-4 Figure 4-1 Single Pack Shipping Container ... 4-3 Figure 4-2 20-Pack Shipping Container ... 4-4

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Maxtor DiamondMax16 60/80/120/160GB 1-1

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Maxtor Corporation

Maxtor Corporation has been providing high-quality computer storage products since 1982. Along the way, we’ve seen many changes in data storage needs. Not long ago, only a handful of specific users needed more than a couple hundred megabytes of storage. Today, downloading from the Internet and CD-ROMs, multimedia, networking and advanced office applications are driving storage needs even higher.

Even home PC applications need capacities measured in gigabytes, not megabytes.

Products

Maxtor’s products meet the demanding data storage capacity requirements of today and tomorrow. They are available in 5400 and 7200 RPM configurations with capacity offerings up to 300GB. The Maxtor DiamondMax16 drive family is a 5400 RPM hard drive with capacities from 60 GB to 160 GB.

Support

Maxtor provides a variety of customer support options, all designed to make sure the user gets fast, helpful, accurate information to help resolve any difficulties. These options include a broad, searchable knowledge base of FAQ’s, product manuals, installation guides, information on previously resolved problems, software downloads, and contact by phone or E-mail with a support person. For more information, visit www.maxtor.com

1.2 Manual Organization

This hard disk drive reference manual is organized in the following method:

Chapter 1–Introduction Chapter 2–Product Description Chapter 3–Product Specifications Chapter 4–Handling and Installation

Chapter 5–ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands Chapter 6–Service and Support

Appendix A–Breaking the 137GB Storage Barrier

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1.3 Abbreviations

1.4 Conventions

If there is a conflict between text and tables, the table shall be accepted as being correct.

Key Words

The names of abbreviations, commands, fields and acronyms used as signal names are in all uppercase type (e.g., IDENTIFY DRIVE). Fields containing only one bit are usually referred to as the “name” bit instead of the “name” field.

Names of drive registers begin with a capital letter (e.g., Cylinder High register).

Numbering

Numbers that are not followed by a lowercase “b” or “h” are decimal values.

Numbers that are followed by a lowercase “b” (e.g., 01b) are binary values. Numbers that are followed by a lowercase “h” (e.g., 3Ah) are hexadecimal values.

Abbreviation Description Abbreviation Description

ATA AT attachment MB megabyte

bpi bits per inch Mbits/sec megabits per second

CHS cylinder - head - sector MB/sec megabytes per second

DA double amplitude (repre-

sents pk-pk shaker dis- placement)

db decibels MHz megahertz

dBA decibels, A weighted ms millisecond

DMA direct memory access MSB most significant bit

ECC error correction code mV millivolts

fci flux changes per inch ns nanoseconds

G acceleration PIO programmed input/output

GB gigabyte RPM revolutions per minute

Hz hertz tpi tracks per inch

KB kilobyte UDMA ultra direct memory

access

LBA logical block address(ing) µsec microsecond

LSB least significant bit V volts

mA milliamperes W watts

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Introduction

Maxtor DiamondMax16 60/80/120/160GB 1-3 Signal Conventions

Signal names are shown in all uppercase type.

All signals are either high active or low active signals. A dash character (-) at the end of a signal name indicates that the signal is low active. A low active signal is true when it is below ViL and is false when it is above ViH. A signal without a dash at the end indicates that the signal is high active. A high active signal is true when it is above ViH and is false when it is below ViL.

When a signal is asserted, it means the signal is driven by an active circuit to its true state.

When a signal is negated, it means the signal is driven by an active circuit to its false state.

When a signal is released, it means the signal is not actively driven to any state. Some signals have bias circuitry that pull the signal to either a true or false state when no signal driver is actively asserting or negating the signal. These instances are noted under the description of the signal.

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PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

The chapter summarizes the general functions and key features of the DiamondMax 16 60/80/120/160 hard disk drive, as well as the applicable standards and

regulations.

2.1 Product Overview

Maxtor hard disk drives are 1-inch high, 3.5-inch diameter random access storage devices which incorporate an on-board Ultra ATA/133 interface controller. High capacity is achieved by a balanced combination of high areal recording density and the latest data encoding and servo techniques.

Maxtor's latest advancements in electronic packaging and integration methods have lowered the drive's power consumption and increased its reliability.

Exceptional data transfer rates, 5400 RPM spin speed and 12.6 ms access times make these entry-class disk drives ideally-suited to desktop storage and consumer electronics applications.

2.2 Key Features

• ANSI ATA-5/6 compliant PIO Mode 4 interface (Enhanced IDE)

• Supports ATA-6 UltraDMA Mode 5 (100 MBytes/sec) and Maxtor Ultra ATA/133 MBytes/second data transfer rates

• Supports 48-bit addressing

• 2 MB buffer with multi-adaptive cache manager

• 5400 RPM spin speed

• 12.6 ms seek time

• Zone density and ID-less recording

• Outstanding shock resistance at 300 Gs

• High durability with 50K contact start/stop cycles

• Advanced multi-burst on-the-fly Error Correction Code (ECC)

• Extended data integrity with ECC protected data and fault tolerant servo synchronization fields

• Supports EPA Energy Star Standards (Green PC Friendly) with ATA

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Product Description

2-2 Maxtor DiamondMax16 60/80/120/160GB

• Auto park and lock actuator mechanism

• Low power consumption

• Maxtor Quiet Drive Technology

• SMART Capability

Note: Maxtor defines 1 Gigabyte (GB) as 10⁹or 1,000,000,000 bytes of data.

Total accessible capacity varies depending on operating environment.

2.3 Product Features Functional/Interface

Maxtor hard drives contain all necessary mechanical and electronic parts to interpret control signals and commands from an AT-compatible host computer. See Chapter 3 Product Specifications, for complete drive specifications.

Zone Density Recording

The disk capacity is increased with bit density management – common with Zone Density Recording. Each disk surface is divided into 16 circumferential zones. All tracks within a given zone contain a constant number of data sectors. The number of data sectors per track varies in different zones; the outermost zone contains the largest number of data sectors and the innermost contains the fewest.

Read/Write Multiple Mode

This mode is implemented per ANSI ATA/ATAPI-6 specification. Read/Write Multiple allows the host to transfer a set number of sectors without an interrupt request between them, reducing transfer process overhead and improving host performance.

UltraDMA-Mode 5

Maxtor hard drives fully comply with the new ANSI Ultra DMA protocol, which greatly improves overall AT interface performance by significantly improving burst and sustained data throughput.

Multi-word DMA-Mode 2

Supports multi-word Direct Memory Access (DMA) mode transfers.

Quiet Drive Technology

Maxtor Quiet Drive technology provides users with the lowest possible noise levels and best overall sound quality from their drives.

Sector Address Translation

All Maxtor hard drives feature a universal translate mode. In an AT/EISA-class system, the drive may be configured to any specified combination of cylinders, heads and sectors (within the range of the drive's formatted capacity). Maxtor hard drives power-up in a translate mode.

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Logical Block Addressing

The Logical Block Address (LBA) mode can only be utilized in systems that support this form of translation. The cylinder, head and sector geometry of the drive, as presented to the host, differs from the actual physical geometry. The host AT computer may access a drive of set parameters: number of cylinders, heads and sectors per track, plus cylinder, head and sector addresses. However, the drive can’t use these host parameters directly because of zoned recording techniques. The drive translates the host parameters to a set of logical internal addresses for data access.

The host drive geometry parameters are mapped into an LBA based on this formula:

LBA = (HSCA - 1) + HHDA x HSPT + HNHD x HSPT x HCYA

= (HSCA - 1) + HSPT x (HHDA + HNHD x HCYA) where HSCA = Host Sector Address, HHDA = Host Head Address

HCYA = Host Cylinder Address, HNHD = Host Number of Heads HSPT = Host Sectors per Track

The LBA is checked for violating the drive capacity. If it does not, the LBA is converted to physical drive cylinder, head and sector values. The physical address is then used to access or store the data on the disk and for other drive related operations.

Defect Management Zone (DMZ)

Each drive model has a fixed number of spare sectors per drive, all of which are located at the end of the drive. Upon detection of a bad sector that has been reassigned, the next sequential sector is used.

For example, if sector 3 is flagged, data that would have been stored there is “pushed down” and recorded in sector 4. Sector 4 then effectively becomes sector 3, as sequential sectors are “pushed down” across the entire drive. The first spare sector makes up for the loss of sector 3, and so maintains the sequential order of data. This push down method assures maximum performance.

On-the-Fly Hardware Error Correction Code (ECC)

>24 symbols, single burst, guaranteed

MODELS CYL HD SPT MAX LBA CAPACITY

4R060J0/L0 119,150 16 63 120,103,200 60GB

4R080J0/L0 158,816 16 63 160,086,528 80GB

4R120L0 238,216 16 63 240,121,728 120GB

4R160L0

4A160J0 317,632 16 63 320,173,056 160GB

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2-4 Maxtor DiamondMax16 60/80/120/160GB Software ECC Correction

24 symbols, single burst, guaranteed Automatic Park and Lock Operation

Immediately following power down, dynamic braking of the spinning disks delays momentarily allowing the read/write heads to move to an inner mechanical stop. A small fixed magnet holds the rotary actuator in place as the disk spins down. The rotary actuator is released only when power is again applied.

2.4 Cache Management Buffer Segmentation

The data buffer is organized into two segments: the data buffer and the micro controller scratch pad. The data buffer is dynamically allocated for read and write data depending on the commands received. A variable number of read and write buffers may exist at the same time.

Read-Ahead Mode

Normally, this mode is active. Following a read request, disk read-ahead begins on the first sector and continues sequentially until the allocated buffer is full. If a read request is received during the read-ahead operation, the buffer is examined to determine if the request is in the cache. If a cache hit occurs, read-ahead mode continues without interruption and the host transfer begins immediately.

Automatic Write Reallocation (AWR)

This feature is part of the write cache and reduces the risk of data loss during deferred write operations. If a disk error occurs during the disk write process, the disk task stops and the suspect sector is reallocated to a pool of alternate sectors located at the end of the drive. Following reallocation, the disk write task continues until it is complete.

Write Cache Stacking

Normally, this mode is active. Write cache mode accepts the host write data into the buffer until the buffer is full or the host transfer is complete. A command complete interrupt is generated at the end of the transfer.

A disk write task begins to store the host data to disk. Host write commands continue to be accepted and data transferred to the buffer until either the write command stack is full or the data buffer is full. The drive may reorder write commands to optimize drive throughput.

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2.5 Major HDA Components Drive Mechanism

A brushless DC direct drive motor rotates the spindle at 5400 RPM (±0.1%). The dynamically balanced motor/spindle assembly ensures minimal mechanical run-out to the disks. A dynamic brake provides a fast stop to the spindle motor upon power removal. The speed tolerance includes motor performance and motor circuit tolerances.

Rotary Actuator

All Maxtor hard drives employ a rotary voice coil actuator which consists of a moving coil, an actuator arm assembly and stationary magnets. The actuator moves on a low-mass, low-friction center shaft. The low friction contributes to fast access times and low power consumption.

Read/Write Electronics

An integrated circuit mounted within the sealed head disk assembly (near the read/

write heads) provides up to eight head selection depending on the model. It also provides read pre-amplification and write drive circuitry.

Read/Write Heads and Media

Low mass, low force giant magneto-resistive read/write heads record data on 3.5 inch diameter disks. Maxtor uses a sputtered thin film medium on all disks for Maxtor hard drives.

Air Filtration System

All Maxtor hard drives are assembled in a Class 100 controlled environment. Over the life of the drive, a 0.1 micron filter and breather filter located within the sealed head disk assembly (HDA) maintain a clean environment to the heads and disks.

Maxtor drives are designed to operate in a typical office environment with minimum environmental control.

Microprocessor

The microprocessor controls the following functions for the drive electronics:

• Command execution

• Cache management

• Data correction and error recovery

• Diagnostic execution

• Data sequencing

• Head positioning (including error recovery)

• Host interface

• Index detection

• Spin speed control

• Seeks

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• Servo

• SMART

• 48-bit addressing

2.6 Subsystem Configuration Dual Drive Support

Two drives may be accessed via a common interface cable, using the same range of I/O addresses. The drives have a jumper configuration as device 0 or 1 (Master/

Slave), and are selected by the drive select bit in the Device/Head register of the task file.

All Task File registers are written in parallel to both drives. The interface processor on each drive decides whether a command written to it should be executed; this depends on the type of command and which drive is selected. Only the drive selected executes the command and activates the data bus in response to host I/O reads; the drive not selected remains inactive.

A master/slave relationship exists between the two drives: device 0 is the master and device 1 the slave. When the Master is closed (factory default, figure 2-1), the drive assumes the role of master; when open, the drive acts as a slave. In single drive configurations, the Master jumper must be closed.

Cable Select Option

CSEL (cable select) is an optional feature per ANSI ATA specification. Drives configured in a multiple drive system are identified by CSEL’s value:

– If CSEL is grounded, then the drive address is 0.

– If CSEL is open, then the drive address is 1.

Figure 2-1 PCBA Jumper Location and Configuration Pin 40

ATA Interface Connector

Power Connector Pin 1

J41

J42 +12VDC

+5VDC return +12VDC return +5VDC

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2.7 Cylinder Limitation Jumper Description

On some older BIOS', primarily those that auto-configure the disk drive, a hang may occur. The Cylinder Limitation jumper reduces the capacity in the Identify Drive allowing large capacity drives to work with older BIOS. The capacity reported when J45:J46 is closed will be as follows: drives less than or equal to 32GB will report 2.1GB. Drives greater than 32GB will report 32GB.

JUMPER CONFIGURATION J49

J50 J47

J48 J45

J46 J43

J44 J41 J42 Master/Slave

Only drive in single drive system Master drive in dual drive system Slave drive in dual drive system

C C O Cable Select

Disabled

Enabled* O

C Cylinder Limitation

Disabled*

Enabled O

C

Factory Reserved O O

Key * = Default C = Closed (jumper installed) O = Open (no jumper installed)

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Chapter 3 PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS

3.1 Models and Capacities

The Maxtor DiamondMax16 at 160GB capacity exceeds the 137GB capacity barrier imposed by the 28 bit addressing schemes common to many current BIOS and drivers. If your system has 28 bit addressing logic your drive will appear to only have 137GB of capacity. You can upgrade your system to break this barrier by installing a Maxtor PCI card kit (Maxtor p/n K01PCAT133). You may also be able to upgrade your system by downloading new BIOS and/or Drivers. Please visit our website www.maxtor.com/bigdrive for more information and links to diagnostic and upgrade software.

For more information on breaking the 137GB capacity barrier please refer to Appendix A.

MODELS 4R060J0/L0 4R080J0/L0 4R120L0 4R160L0

4A160J0 Formatted

Capacity

(GB LBA Mode) 60GB 80GB 120GB 160GB

GB means 1 billion bytes.

Total accessible capacity varies depending on operating environment.

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3.2 Drive Configuration

MODELS 60GB 80GB 120GB 160GB

Sectors per Drive (max LBA)

120,103,200 160,086,528 240,121,728 320,173,056

Integrated

Interface Maxtor Ultra ATA/133 (ATA-5/ATA-6) Recording

Method PRML

Servo Type Embedded

Number of Servo

Sectors 256

Data Zones

per Surface 16

Data Sectors per Track

(ID/OD) 581/1126

Areal Density (Gbits/in² max ID/OD)

45.8/40.7

(60/120 disk configuration)

61.5/53 (80/160 disk configuration)

Flux Density

(kfci, ID/OD) 685/515

673/574 (80/160 disk configuration)

Recording Density (kbpi, ID/OD)

561/493

646/550 (80/160 disk configuration)

Track Density

(K TPI) 93

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Product Specifications

3.3 Performance Specifications

3.4 Physical Dimensions

MODELS 60GB 80GB 120GB 160GB

Seek Times (typical read, ms)

Track-to-Track <1.0

Average (normal seek) ≤^12.6

Full Stroke

(normal seek) 24.0

Average Latency (ms) 5.55

Controller Overhead (ms) <0.3

Rotation Speed

(RPM ±0.1%) 5400

Data Transfer Speed (MByte/sec max) To/From Interface

(Maxtor Ultra ATA/133,

up to) 133

To/From Media (ID/OD up to nn.n, where nn.n is the maximum transfer rate possible)

336Mbits/sec (OD) / 192Mbits/sec (ID)

Sustained (ID/OD up to nn.n, where nn.n is the maximum transfer rate possible)

23/44

26/50 (80/160 disk

configuration) Data Buffer Size

(MB)/Type 2/SDRAM

Drive Ready Time

(typical sec) 7.0

PARAMETER VALUE

Height (maximum in mm) 26.1

Width (typical mm) 101.6

Depth (inches and mm) 5.787 in. max 147.0 mm max

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Figure 3-1 Outline and Mounting Dimensions Weight (maximum in grams) < 610 grams

PARAMETER VALUE

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3.5 Power Requirements

3.6 Power Mode Definitions Spin-up

The drive is spinning up following initial application of power and has not yet reached full speed.

Seek

A random access operation by the drive.

Read/Write

Data is being read from or written to the drive.

Idle

The drive is spinning, the actuator is parked and powered off and all other circuitry is powered on.

The drive is capable of responding to read commands within 40 ms.

Standby

The motor is not spinning. The drive will leave this mode upon receipt of a command that requires disk access. The time-out value for this mode is programmable. The buffer is active to accept write data.

Sleep

This is the lowest power state – with the interface set to inactive. A software or hardware reset is required to return the drive to the Standby state.

3.7 EPA Energy Star Compliance

Maxtor Corporation supports the goals of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Energy Star program to reduce the electrical power consumption of computer equipment.

MODE 12V (MA) 5V (MA) POWER (W)

Spin-up (peak) 1779 715 24.9

Seek 587 628 10.2

Read/Write 280 591 6.3

Idle 224 582 5.7

Standby 41 116 1.1

Sleep 41 115 1.1

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3.8 Environmental Limits

Notes:

1. Margin Demonstrated implies the product will operate at the stated conditions with an acceptable impact to the ARR specification for any OEM requiring those values in their purchase specification.

2. The testing performed by Maxtor is consistent with ISO 7779. Variation in acoustic levels from the idle specification may occur due to offline activity according to the SMART specification and/or atmospheric conditions.

PARAMETER OPERATING NON-OPERATING/

STORAGE

Temperature 5°^{C to 55}°^C

(with no ARR impact) 0°^{C to 60}°^C

(margin demonstrated¹)

low temperature (-40°^C)

high temperature (71°^C)

per MIL-STD-810E, method 501.3, climatic category;

hot-induced conditions.

Thermal Gradient 30° C per hour (maximum) Relative Humidity 5% to 95% (non-condensing)

Wet Bulb 30° C (maximum)

Altitude (relative to sea level) -650 to 10,000 feet -650 to 40,000 feet

Acoustic Noise² IDLE MODE

(Track Following at Speed) NORMAL SEEK MODE Fluid Bearing 2.5 bel average

3.2 bel maximum 3.8 bel average 4.0 bel maximum Ball Bearing 2.6 bel average

3.1 bel maximum 3.6 bel average 3.7 bel maximum

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3.9 Shock and Vibration

PARAMETER OPERATING NON-OPERATING

Mechanical Shock R=0.988/shock at 60 Gs;

R= 0.999/shock at 30 Gs 2 msec, 1/2 sine

R=0.90@>= 300G 1 disk R=0.95@>= 250G, 1 disk R=0.99@>= 200G, 1 disk Rotational Shock R=0.988 @ 2000 rad/sec² R=0.95 @ 20K rad/sec²,

0.5ms to 1ms input R=0.99 @ 15K rad/sec², 0.5ms to 1ms input Rotational Random

Vibration 5 - 2000 Hz

4.51 rad/sec² Overall RMS 2 - 300 Hz

96.5 rad/sec²RMS Random Vibration 5 - 2000 Hz

0.45 GRMS PSD:

7 - 800 Hz at 3.08 GRMS No Damage

Swept Sine Vibration (0.25 octave/minute, peak amplitude) 5-1500 Hz

Frequency (Hz)/Acceleration (Gpk) 5 / 0.38”DA

8.8 / 0.38”DA 9 /1.500 90 / 1.500 600 / 0.060 1500 / 0.060

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3.10 Reliability Specifications Annualized Return Rate

<1.0% Annualized Return Rate (ARR) indicates the average against products shipped.

Start/Stop Cycles

>50,000 This indicates the average minimum cycles for reliable start/stop function.

R=0.9998@ >4500, R=0.9995 @ >7500, R=0.5 @ >= 50000 Data Reliability

<1 per 10e15 bits read

Data errors (non-recoverable). Average data error rate allowed with all error recovery features activated.

Component Design Life 5 years (minimum)

Component design life is defined as a.) the time period before identified wear-out mechanisms impact the failure rate, or b.) the time period up to the wear-out point when useful component life expires.

3.11 EMC/EMI

3.11.1 Radiated Electromagnetic Field Emissions - EMC Compliance

The hard disk drive mechanism is designed as a subassembly for installation into a suitable enclosure and is therefore not subject to Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC Rules (47CFR15) or the Canadian Department of Communications Radio Interference Regulations. Although not required, the disk mechanism has been tested within a suitable end-use product and found to comply with Class B limits of the FCC Rules and Regulations of the Canadian Department of Communications.

The CE Marking indicates conformity with the European Union Low Voltage Directive (73/23/EEC) when the disk mechanism is installed in a typical personal computer. Maxtor recommends that testing and analysis for EMC compliance be performed with the disk mechanism installed within the user's end-use application.

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3.11.2 Canadian Emissions Statement

This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class B limits for radio noise emissions from digital apparatus as set out in the radio interference regulations of the Canadian department of communications.

Le present appareil numerique n'emet pas de bruit radioelectriques depassant les limites applicables aux appareils numeriques de Class B prescrites dans le reglement sur le brouillage radioelectrique edicte pa le ministere des communications du Canada.

3.12 Safety Regulatory Compliance

All Maxtor hard drives comply with relevant product safety standards such as CE, CUL, TUV and UL rules and regulations. As delivered, Maxtor hard drives are designed for system integration before they are used.

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HANDLING AND INSTALLATION

4.1 Hard Drive Handling Precautions

• If the handling precautions are not followed, damage to the hard drive may result whichmay void the warranty.

• During handling, NEVER drop, jar, or bump a drive. Handle the drive by its sides and avoid touching the printed circuit board assembly (PCBA).

• Hard drives are sensitive to electrostatic discharge (ESD) damage. Use proper ESD practices by grounding yourself and the computer system the hard drive will be installed in.

• Allow the hard drive to reach room temperature BEFORE installing it in your computer system.

• NEVER switch DC power onto the drive by plugging an electrically live DC source cable into the drive's connector. NEVER connect a live connector to the hard drive's IDE interface connector.

• ELECTRICAL GROUNDING - For proper operation, the drive must be securely fastened to a device bay that provides a suitable electrical ground to the drive baseplate.

4.2 Electro-Static Discharge (ESD)

To better avoid problems associated with ESD, Maxtor advises that anyone handling a disk drive use a wrist strap with an attached wire connected to an earth ground.

Failure to observe these precautions voids the product warranty.

To reduce the incidence of ESD-related problems, Maxtor recommends that any electronics manufacturing plans include a comprehensive ESD program, the basic elements and functions of which are outlined here:

ESD Program Element ESD Program Function

Management Institute and maintain

Chief coordinator Organize and enforce

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Handling and Installation

Multi-department committee Evaluate and improve

Employee training Educate and inform

ESD program supplies typically include: wrist- and foot-worn grounding straps;

counter-top and floor antistatic matting; wrist strap testers; ESD video and training materials. Sources for such supplies include:

Static Control Systems – 3M Desco-Charleswater

225-4S, 3M Center 3651 Walnut Avenue

St. Paul, MN 55144 Chino, CA 91710

Phone: (909) 627-8178 Fax: (909) 627-7449 www.charleswater.com

Maxtor also offers a complete video training package, “Care and Handling of Maxtor Disk Drives.” Contact your Maxtor representative for details.

4.3 Unpacking and Inspection

Retain any packing material for reuse. Inspect the shipping container for evidence of damage in transit. Notify the carrier immediately in case of damage to the shipping container.

As they are removed, inspect drives for evidence of shipping damage or loose hardware. If a drive is damaged (and no container damage is evident), notify Maxtor immediately for drive disposition.

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Figure 4-1 Single Pack Shipping Container

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Handling and Installation

Figure 4-2 20-Pack Shipping Container

20-pack cover

20-pack tray Product in sealed static shielding bag BC label (facing up)

Sleeve

Carton Carton tape

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4.4 Repacking

If a Maxtor drive requires return, repack it using Maxtor packing materials, including the antistatic bag.

4.5 Physical Installation

The detailed installation instructions for Maxtor hard drives are provided in the Installation Guide. To obtain a copy of the Installation Guide please visit Maxtor’s web site at www.maxtor.com and select the product family to view or download the correct installation information for this product.

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Chapter 5 ATA BUS INTERFACE AND ATA COMMANDS

This chapter describes the interface between Maxtor DiamondMax16 hard disk drives and the ATA bus. The commands that are issued from the host to control the drive are listed, as well as the electrical and mechanical characteristics of the interface.

5.1 INTRODUCTION

Maxtor DiamondMax16 hard disk drives use the standard ATA/ATAPI interface.

Support of various options in the standard are explained in the following sections.

5.2 MECHANICAL INTERFACE 5.2.1 Signal Cable and Connector

The Maxtor DiamondMax16 hard disk drive contains a 40-pin unitized connector for both signal and power connections as well as configuration jumpers. The dimensions and specifications of the unitized connector comply with Annex. A in the ATA/ATAPI standard.

The Maxtor DiamondMax16 drives require the use of an 80 conductor cable (ATA/ATAPI-6, Annex. A, Figure A.4 and description) to support the drive’s Ultra DMA capability.

5.3 ELECTRICAL INTERFACE 5.3.1 ATA Bus Interface

5.3.1.1 Electrical Characteristics

Signals on the ATA interface are assigned to connector pins according to Annex. A in the ATA/ATAPI-6 standard for the 80 conductor cable assembly. The signaling protocol complies with clause 9 and signal timing complies with clause 10 of the standard.

The Maxtor DiamondMax16 hard disk drives support all Ultra DMA Data Transfer modes (0 - 5) defined in the ATA/ATAPI-6 standard. In addition, these drives support Mode 6, and can send and receive data at the full 133MB/s transfer rate.

Hosts may assert the RESET- signal for longer than the minimum. When power is applied with RESET- asserted, the Maxtor DiamondMax16 disk media will not begin to spin up until RESET- is negated. This may reduce maximum current consumption for the overall system.

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5.4 REGISTER ADDRESS DECODING

The Maxtor DiamondMax16 hard disk drives allow their host systems to address the full set of command and control registers as specified in clause 7 of the ATA/ATAPI- 6 standard. This includes the 48-bit Address feature set described in clause 6.

5.5 COMMAND INTERFACE 5.5.1 General Feature Set

The µProcessor, Disk Controller, and ATA Interface electronics are contained in a proprietary ASIC developed by Maxtor.

5.5.2 Supported Commands

The Maxtor DiamondMax16 hard disk drives support all the mandatory commands from the general feature set for devices not supporting the Packet command feature set. Refer to the ATA/ATAPI-6 standard for a detailed description of these

commands.

Table 5-1 lists the supported commands.

Table 5-1 Supported Commands

Command Command

Code

Feature Register Value(s)

CHECK POWER MODE 98h, E5h

DEVICE CONFIGURATION FREEZE LOCK B1h C1h

DEVICE CONFIGURATION IDENTIFY B1h C2h

DEVICE CONFIGURATION RESTORE B1h C0h

DEVICE CONFIGURATION SET B1h C3h

DOWNLOAD MICROCODE 92h 07h, 01h

EXECUTE DRIVE DIAGNOSTIC 90h

FLUSH CACHE E7h

IDENTIFY DRIVE ECh

IDLE 97h, E3h

IDLE IMMEDIATE 95h, E1h

NOP 00h

READ BUFFER E4h

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ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands

READ DMA C8h, C9h

READ LONG 22h, 23h

READ MULTIPLE C4h

READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS F8h

READ SECTOR(S) 20h, 21h

READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) 40h, 41h

SECURITY DISABLE PASSWORD F6h

SECURITY ERASE PREPARE F3h

SECURITY ERASE UNIT F4h

SECURITY FREEZE LOCK F5H

SECURITY SET PASSWORD F1h

SECURITY UNLOCK F2h

SEEK 70h

SET FEATURES EFh Note 1

SET MAX ADDRESS F9h 00h

SET MAX SET PASSWORD F9h 01h

SET MAX LOCK F9h 02h

SET MAX UNLOCK F9h 03h

SET MAX FREEZE LOCK F9h 04h

SET MULTIPLE MODE C6h

SLEEP 99h, E6h

SMART DISABLE OPERATIONS B0h D9h

SMART ENABLE OPERATIONS B0h D8h

SMART ENABLE/DISABLE ATTRIBUTE AUTOSAVE B0h D2h

SMART EXECUTE OFF-LINE IMMEDIATE B0h D4h

Code

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Note: 1. As defined in the ATA/ATAPI-6 standard.

SMART READ DATA B0h D0h

SMART READ LOG B0h D5h

SMART RETURN STATUS B0h DAh

SMART SAVE ATTRIBUTE VALUES B0h D3h

SMART WRITE LOG B0h D6h

STANDBY 96h, E2h

STANDBY IMMEDIATE 94h, E0h

WRITE BUFFER E8h

WRITE DMA CAh, CBh

WRITE MULTIPLE C5h

WRITE PIO OVERLAP 34h

WRITE SECTOR(S) 30h, 31h

Code

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Chapter 6 SERVICE AND SUPPORT

6.1 Product Support/Technical Assistance/Customer Service For Product Service and Support Information please visit our site at:

www.maxtor.com for warranty service or www.maxtorkb.com for technical support.

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BREAKING THE 137 GIGABYTE STORAGE BARRIER

This appendix provides information about the 137GB storage barrier. It discusses the history, cause and the solution to overcome this barrier.

A.1 Breaking the 137 Gigabyte Storage Barrier

Capacity barriers have been a fact of the personal computer world since its beginnings in the early 1980’s. At least 10 different capacity barriers have occurred in the storage industry over the last 15 years. The most notable barriers seen previously have been at 528 megabytes and then at 8.4 gigabytes.

The most recent barrier which will be surmounted in 2001, is the 137- gigabyte limit or a single ATA drive. The first ATA devices to exceed 137 gigabytes will be four-platter hard disk drives with 40 gigabytes per platter, yielding 160 gigabytes per drive. These drives will be available in the second half of 2001. Later in the same year, capacity will continue to grow to 60 gigabytes per platter, and a three-disk, 180-gigabyte device will be available and shipping.

The ANSI NCITS T13 Technical Committee (also known as the ANSI ATA committee) has broken this barrier by incorporating a proposal from Maxtor into the ATA/ATAPI-6 draft standard that defines a method for 48-bit addressing on a single drive, giving more than 144 petabytes (144,000 gigabytes) of storage.

In addition, the proposal from Maxtor that was incorporated into ATA/

ATAPI-6 defines a method for extending the maximum amount of data that can be transferred per command for ATA devices from 256 sectors (about 131 kilobytes) to 65,536 sectors (about 33 megabytes). This new method is particularly useful for applications that use extremely large files, such as those for A/V or multimedia.

The following sections will describe issues surrounding the 137-gigabyte barrier and the solution for breaking it.

A.1.1 History

Many of the “barriers” in the past resulted from BIOS and operating system issues caused by failure to anticipate the remarkable increases in

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Breaking the 137GB Storage Barrier

A-2 Maxtor DiamondMax16 60/80/120/160GB

device storage capacity by the people who designed hard disk structures, access routines, and operating systems many years ago. They thought,

“Who will ever have xxx much storage?” In some cases, the barriers were caused by hardware or software bugs not found until hard disks had grown in size beyond a certain point where the bugs would occur.

Past barriers often frustrated people trying to add a new hard disk to an older system when they discovered that not all of the designed capacity of the hard disk was accessible. This inability to access the entire drive is referred to as a “capacity barrier” and it has been seen and overcome many times in the computer and disk drive industry.

The 137-gigabyte barrier is the result of the original design specification for the ATA interface that provided only 28 bits of address for data. This specification means a hard disk can have a maximum of 268,435,456 sectors of 512 bytes of data which puts the ATA interface maximum at 137.4 gigabytes.

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10MB 16MB 32MB

128MB

528MB

2GB 4GB 8GB

33GB

10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000 10,000,000

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

137GB

5.x 4.x 3.x

DOS

Win95A Win 3.x

Win98 Win95(osr2)

Win2000

WinME WinXP

10 megabytes:early PC/XT limit 16 megabytes: FAT 12 limit 32 megabytes: DOS 3.x limit 128 megabytes: DOS 4.x limit

528 megabytes: Early ATA BIOSs without BIOS extensions 2.1 gigabytes: DOS file system partition limit

4.2 gigabytes: CMOS extended CHS addressing limit (not widely experienced) 8.4 gigabytes: BIOS/Int13 24-bit addressing limit

32 gigabytes: BIOS limit

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A.1.2 Solving the 137 Gigabyte Capacity Barrier

As described earlier, the issue causing the 137-gigabyte barrier is the 28- bit addressing method of the original ATA specification. A change to expand this method was required to provide more address bits for the interface, allowing significant growth for many years to come. A critical issue in expanding the addressing capability was maintaining

compatibility with the existing installed base of products.

A new ATA standard, ATA/ATAPI-6, has been in the works for some time, and the latest draft of this standard resolves this issue by increasing the maximum number of bits used for addressing from 28 to 48. This solution increases the maximum capacity of an ATA device to 144 petabytes while maintaining compatibility with current ATA products.

A.1.3 How is the Extension Implemented?

The 48-bit Address feature set provides a method to address devices with capacities up to approximately 144 petabytes by increasing the number of bits used to specify logical block addresses (LBAs) from 28 to 48. The feature set also provides a method to increase the number of sectors that can be transferred by a single command from 256 to 65,536 by

increasing the number of bits specifying sector count to 16 bits.

New commands specific to this feature set have been defined so that devices can implement the new feature set in addition to previously defined commands. Devices implementing the 48-bit Address feature set commands will also implement commands that use 28-bit addressing in order to maintain interoperability with older system components. In addition, 8-bit and 48-bit commands may be intermixed.

The 48-bit Address feature set operates in LBA addressing only. Support of the 48-bit Address feature set is indicated in the IDENTIFY DEVICE response data. In a device implementing the 48-bit Address feature set, the registers used for addressing are, in fact, a two-byte deep FIFO. Each time one of these registers is written, the new content written is placed into the “most recently written” location and the previous content of the register is moved to “previous content” location. A host may read the

“previous content” of the registers by first setting a bit in the Device Control register to 1 and then reading the desired register.

A.1.4 What Do the Drives Need to Meet the Spec?

The challenge to drive manufacturers is to develop and implement new interface chips on drives that can accept and decode the new 48-bit addressing scheme. Many functions of decoding the commands sent to and from the drive are automated in the silicon of the drive interface ASIC, and this is where drive manufacturers must update their designs.

Maxtor is the leader in development efforts and is the first to deliver a product with the capacity and drive technology to deliver greater than 137 gigabytes of capacity.

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A.1.5 What Else is Involved?

Effort is required from OS vendors to increase storage device addressing up to 48 bits or more. This increase will be a significant challenge for many OS vendors that have 32-bit code models. Adapting to 48-bit commands will be easy, but most vendors will stop filling data at the 32- bit boundary and pad the upper 16 bits with zeros, leaving that space empty.

The BIOS companies will also have to perform some work to recognize the increased capacity of the devices attached to the bus and allow the extended 48-bit commands to pass on to the devices. Boot partitions will also be an issue for the capacity of the drive if the BIOS does not recognize the 48-bit addressing scheme at or before the system boots the OS from the hard drive.

Independent software driver efforts for legacy operating systems

(Windows NT 4, Windows 98, and so on) will need to be implemented to allow higher-capacity devices to work on installed systems and recognize the maximum available capacity of the drive over the 137-gigabyte limit.

A.1.6 What is the Next Barrier?

While it is true that the ATA/ATAPI-6 standard defines a method to provide a total capacity for a device of 144 petabytes, the next limit will be imposed not by the ATA devices but by many of the popular operating systems in use today. This limit will be at 2.2 terabytes (2,200

gigabytes). This barrier exists because many of today’s operating systems are based on 32-bit addressing. These operating systems include many flavors of Linux, Mac OS 9.x, and Windows 95, 98, ME, NT 4, 2000, and XP (Windows XP/64-bit also has the limit because of leveraged 32-bit code).

This barrier could be real as early as 2004 if current hard drive capacity rate increases continue along the same growth trends.

Appendix A: Terminology

• BIOS: (an acronym for Basic Input/Output System design):

The BIOS processes and redirects all data as it is being accessed and stored.

• FAT: (an acronym for File Allocation Table): The FAT tells the computer where data has been stored on the hard drive.

• CHS: (an acronym for Cylinders, Heads, and Sectors): The basic layout components of a hard drive. INT 13h & INT 13h extensions: protocols used for accessing data on hard drives.

Appendix B: Big Numbers

• 131 kilobytes = 131,000 bytes

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a little more than 30 pages of text

• 33 megabytes = 33,000,000 bytes

more than 8,000 pages of text or 25 300-page books

• 137 gigabytes = 137,000,000,000 bytes

more than 100,000 books, or the contents of a good library

• 2.2 terabytes = 2,200,000,000,000 bytes

almost 2,000,000 books, or the about content of the Library of Congress

• 144 petabytes = 144,000,000,000,000,000 bytes 120 billion books – (more than all that man has written)

• 9.4 zettabytes = 9,400,000,000,000,000,000,000 bytes Appendix C: Resources

• Maxtor “Big Drive” web site for resource information:

http://www.maxtor.com/bigdrive

• ATA/ATAPI-6: http://www.T13.org

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A

ACCESS – (v) Read, write, or update information on some storage medium, such as a disk. (n) One of these operations.

ACCESS TIME – The interval between the time a request for data is made by the system and the time the data is available from the drive. Access time includes the actual seek time, rotational latency, and command processing overhead time. See also seek, rotational latency, and overhead.

ACTUATOR – Also known as the positioner.

The internal mechanism that moves the read/write head to the proper track. The Maxtor actuator consists of a rotary voice coil and the head mounting arms. One end of each head mounting arm attaches to the rotor with the read/write heads attached at the opposite end of each arm. As current is applied to the rotor, it rotates, positioning the heads over the desired cylinder on the media.

ALLOCATION – The process of assigning particular areas of the disk to particular files.