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Clinical application of HE4 and CA125 in ovarian cancer Type I and Type II detection and differential diagnosis

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(1)Ginekol Pol. 2015, 86, 88-93.        

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(3)  g i n e kol og i a. Clinical application of HE4 and CA125 in ovarian cancer Type I and Type II detection and differential diagnosis Wartość diagnostyczna HE4 i CA125 w wykrywaniu i różnicowaniu typu I i II raka jajnika  

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(9)  1 1 2 3. Klinika Onkologii Ginekologicznej Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Poznaniu, Polska Katedra i Zakład Biofizyki Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Poznaniu, Polska Pracownia Patomorfologiczna Ginekologiczno-Położniczy Szpital Kliniczny w Poznaniu, Polska. Abstract Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity and specificity of HE4 in detecting and differentiating between types I and II epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) in comparison with CA125. Material and methods: We measured HE4 and CA125 serum concentrations in 206 samples taken from patients operated in Gynecologic Oncology Department due to ovarian tumors. Ovarian cancer was confirmed in 89 cases divided into type I and type II. 52 healthy patients without any gynecological disease formed the control group. The sensitivity and specificity for type I and type II EOC detection and differentiating between both types was evaluated for HE4 and CA125. Results: The HE4 and CA125 serum concentrations were significantly higher in type II than in type I EOC (p=0.008696, p=0.000243 respectively).The HE4 and CA125 sensitivity for type I and benign tumors differentiation was 63.16% for both of them and specificity was 87.29% vs 67.89% respectively. For CA125 these differences did not reach statistical significance. The HE4 sensitivity and specificity for type II and benign tumors differentiation were 87.14% and 96.61%, respectively, and for CA125 these values were 82.86% and 94.07%, respectively. Conclusions: Pretreatment analysis of HE4 serum concentration is superior to CA125 in differential diagnosis of ovarian cancer subtypes (I and II). HE4 is superior to CA125 in detecting ovarian cancer type II. Neither HE4 nor CA125 is an effective diagnostic tool for type I ovarian cancer detection. A new highly specific and highly sensitive tumor marker for type I EOC is needed.. Key words: ovarian cancer / type I and type II / tumor marker / HE4 / CA125 /. Address for correspondence: Emilia Gąsiorowska Klinika Onkologii Ginekologicznej, Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Poznaniu Polska, 60-535 Poznań, ul. Polna 33 Tel. +48 61 8419271 E-maIL: emilia.gasiorowska@gmail.com. 88. © Polskie Towarzystwo Ginekologiczne. Otrzymano: 20.03.2014 Zaakceptowano do druku: 14.05.2014. Nr 2/2015.

(10) Ginekol Pol. 2015, 86, 88-93. P R A C E. O R Y G I N A L N E g i n e kol og i a. Emilia Gąsiorowska et al. Clinical application of HE4 and CA125 in ovarian cancer Type I and Type II detection and differential diagnosis.. Streszczenie Cel pracy: Celem pracy było określenie czułości i swoistości białka HE4 w wykrywaniu i różnicowaniu typu I i II raka jajnika (EOC) w porównaniu z CA125. Materiał i metody: Stężenia HE4 oraz CA125 zostały zmierzone w próbkach surowicy krwi pobranej od 206 pacjentek operowanych w Klinice Onkologii Ginekologicznej z powodu guzów jajnika. Rak jajnika został potwierdzony w 89 przypadkach podzielonych na typ I i II EOC. Grupę kontrolną utworzyły 52 zdrowe pacjentki bez schorzeń ginekologicznych. Została określona czułość i swoistość HE4 oraz CA125 w wykrywaniu oraz różnicowaniu typu I i II EOC. Wyniki: Stężenia HE4 i CA125 były istotnie wyższe w typie II niż w typie I EOC (p=0,008696, p=0,000243). Czułość w różnicowaniu typu I EOC i guzów niezłośliwych wynosiła 63,16% dla obydwu markerów, HE4 wykazało swoistość 87,29% a CA125 67,89%. Dla CA125 nie stwierdzono jednak istotności statystycznej. Czułość i swoistość HE4 w różnicowaniu typu II EOC i zmian niezłośliwych wynosiła 87,14% i 96,61%, natomiast dla CA125 wynosiła 82,86% i 94,07%. Wnioski: Przedoperacyjne określenie stężenia HE4 ma większą wartość w różnicowaniu typu I i II raka jajnika niż CA125. HE4 jest lepszym markerem w diagnostyce typu II raka jajnika. Żaden z badanych markerów nie ma zadowalającej czułości i swoistości w wykrywaniu typu I EOC. Do diagnozowania tego typu nowotworu jest potrzebny nowy wysoce czuły i swoisty marker.. Słowa kluczowe: rak jajnika / typ I i II / markery nowotworowe / HE4 / CA125 /. Introduction. Materials and methods. %&''()*

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(203) Ginekol Pol. 2015, 86, 88-93. P R A C E O R Y G I N A L N E ginekolog i a. Emilia Gąsiorowska et al. Clinical application of HE4 and CA125 in ovarian cancer Type I and Type II detection and differential diagnosis.. Table I. Characteristics of the study group.. Study group. n=89. Age (years): Median (range) FIGO Stage. Histology. Grading. 54 (30-78). I-II. 17. III-IV. 37. Serous. 49. Mucinous. 6. Endometrial. 15. Clear cell cancer. 4. Undifferentiated. 12. Carcinosarcoma. 3. G1. 13. G2. 27. G3. 49. + 80&@ -  

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(339) Ginekol Pol. 2015, 86, 88-93. P R A C E. O R Y G I N A L N E g i n e kol og i a. Emilia Gąsiorowska et al. Clinical application of HE4 and CA125 in ovarian cancer Type I and Type II detection and differential diagnosis.. Table V. HE4 and CA125 serum concentrations in the benign group (patients with non- malignant ovarian tumors), control group, type I and type II EOC. CA125 [IU/ml]. HE4 [pmol/l]. Median. Range. Median. Range. Type I EOC. 45. 9-309. 85. 40-121. Type II EOC. 936. 27-5000. 621. 58-6930. Benign group. 25. 7-745. 52. 32-212. Control group. 17. 5-232. 46. 29-81. Table VI. Differences in HE4 and CA125 serum concentrations between type I EOC patients, type II EOC patients, the control and benign groups (Kruskall -Wallis test). CA 125. HE 4 p. Group. p. Group. Type I vs Type II. 0.000243. Type I vs Type II. 0.008696. Type I vs benign group. 0.425338. Type I vs benign group. 0.011954. Type I vs control group. 0.009973. Type I vs control group. 0.000515. Type II vs benign group. 0.000000. Type II vs benign group. 0.000000. Type II vs control group. 0.000000. Type II vs control group. 0.000000. Benign vs control group. 0.103213. Benign vs control group. 0.497074. Table VII. Sensitivity and specificity of HE4 and CA125 for ovarian cancer type I and type II detection in comparison to benign and control groups. CA125. HE4. Sensitivity (%). 

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(341) . Type I Vs control. 73.68. 78.85. 89.47. 75.00. Type II Vs control. 94.29. 98.08. 91.43. 100. Type I Vs benign. 63.16. 67.80. 63.16. 87.29. Type II Vs benign. 82.86. 94.07. 87.14. 96.61. Type I Vs Type II. 74.29. 94.74. 85.71. 94.74. Benign Vs control. 28.81. 96.08. 63.6. 58.82. +,,

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(638) Ginekol Pol. 2015, 86, 88-93. P R A C E. O R Y G I N A L N E g i n e kol og i a. Emilia Gąsiorowska et al. Clinical application of HE4 and CA125 in ovarian cancer Type I and Type II detection and differential diagnosis.. Oświadczenie autorów: 1. Emilia Gąsiorowska – autor koncepcji i założeń pracy, zebranie materiału, opracowanie i interpretacja wyników analiz statystycznych, przygotowanie manuskryptu i  piśmiennictwa – autor zgłaszający i  odpowiedzialny za manuskrypt. 2. Marcin Michalak – interpretacja wyników, korekta manuskryptu. 3. Wojciech Warchoł – wykonanie analizy statystycznej wyników. 4. Agnieszka Lemańska – tłumaczenie pracy na język angielski. 5. Piotr Jasiński – wykonanie badań histopatologicznych. 6. Marek Spaczyński – uzyskanie funduszy na realizację badań laboratoryjnych, przechowywanie dokumentacji, ostateczna akceptacja manuskryptu. 7. Ewa Nowak-Markwitz – współautor założeń pracy, ostateczna weryfikacja i akceptacja manuskryptu.. K O M U N I K A T. Źródło finansowania: Część projektu finansowanego z badań statutowych Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Poznaniu – nr: 502011110140000257. Konflikt interesów: Autorzy nie zgłaszają konfliktu interesów oraz nie otrzymali żadnego wynagrodzenia związanego z powstawaniem pracy.. Refe re nc e s 1. Shih IeM, Kurman RJ. Ovarian tumorigenesis: a proposed model based on morphological and molecular genetic analysis. Am J Pathol. 2004, 164 (5), 1511-1518. 2. Kurman RJ, Shih IeM. The origin and pathogenesis of epithelial ovarian cancer: a proposed unifying theory. Am J Surg Pathol. 2010, 34 (3),433-443. 3. Nowak-Markwitz E, Spaczyński M. Ovarian cancer – modern approach to its origin and histogenesis. Ginekol Pol. 2012, 83 (06), 454-457. 4. Drapkin R, von Horsten HH, Lin Y, [et al.]. Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) is a secreted glycoprotein that is overexpressed by serous and endometrioid ovarian carcinomas. Cancer Res. 2005, 65 (6), 2162-2169. 5. Andersen MR, Goff BA, Lowe KA, [et al.]. Use of a Symptom Index, CA125, and HE4 to predict ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 2010, 116 (3), 378-383. 6. Nolen B, Marrangoni A, Velikokhatnaya L, [et al.]. A serum based analysis of ovarian epithelial tumorigenesis. Gynecol Oncol. 2009, 112 (1), 47-54. 7. Nolen B, Velikokhatnaya L, Marrangoni A, et al., Serum biomarker panels for the discrimination of benign from malignant cases in patients with an adnexal mass. Gynecol Oncol. 2010 Jun;117(3):440-5. 8. Havrilesky LJ, Whitehead CM, Rubatt JM, [et al.]. Evaluation of biomarker panels for early stage ovarian cancer detection and monitoring for disease recurrence. Gynecol Oncol. 2008, 110 (3), 374-382. 9. Partheen K, Kristjansdottir B, Sundfeldt K. Evaluation of ovarian cancer biomarkers HE4 and CA-125 in women presenting with a suspicious cystic ovarian mass. J Gynecol Oncol. 2011, 22, 4, 244-252. 10. Angioli R, Plotti F, Capriglione S, [et al.]. Can the preoperative HE4 level predict optimal cytoreduction in patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol. 2013, 128 (3), 579583. 11. Kong SY, Han MH, Yoo HJ, [et al.]. Serum HE4 level is an independent prognostic factor in epithelial ovarian cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 2012, 19 (5), 1707-1712. 12. Molina R, Escudero JM, Augé JM, [et al.]. HE4 a novel tumour marker for ovarian cancer: comparison with CA 125 and ROMA algorithm in patients with gynaecological diseases. Tumour Biol. 2011, 32 (6), 1087-1095. 13. Moore RG, Brown AK, Miller MC, [et al.]. The use of multiple novel tumor biomarkers for the detection of ovarian carcinoma in patients with a pelvic mass. Gynecol Oncol. 2008, 108 (2), 402-408. 14. Yang Z, Wei C, Luo Z, [et al.]. Clinical value of serum human epididymis protein 4 assay in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer: a meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther. 2013, 23, 6, 957-966. 15. Ferraro S, Braga F, Lanzoni M, [et al.]. Serum human epididymis protein 4 vs carbohydrate antigen 125 for ovarian cancer diagnosis: a systematic review. J Clin Pathol. 2013, 66 (4), 273281. 16. Yang J Sa M, Huang M, [et al.]. The reference intervals for HE4, CA125 and ROMA in healthy female with electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Clin Biochem. 2013, 46 (16-17), 17051708. 17. Kristjansdottir B, Levan K, Partheen K, Sundfeldt K. Diagnostic performance of the biomarkers HE4 and CA125 in type I and type II epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 2013, 131 (5258).. Nr 2/2015. © Polskie Towarzystwo Ginekologiczne. 93.

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