A new species of inarticulate brachiopods, Discinisca polonica sp. n., from the Korytnica Basin (Middle Miocene; Holy Cross Mountains, Central Poland)

(1)

Vol. 34, No. 3-4

acta geolOglea polonica

Warszawa 1984

A new species of inarticulate brachiopods, , Discinisca polonica sp. n., from the

Korytnica Basin (Middle Miocelle; Holy Cross Mountains, Central Poland)

ABSTRACT: A Illew srpec1es of inartliculalte braJCJhJJapocls" Disci?ltVS'Ca pownliaa sp. ;0,.,

is estiCllbhlshed for the s'pecimens represented by ds<olJaJted do~s,al vallves, and OC'CUTil":mg

in the littoral delposits iClevaloped aLOlnig the shores of the Korytnica Basin. ,(Md:ddle MLocene, iBaiClenialIl; Holy CrrOSiS MoulIl.taLns, Central :P.olall1d). The Illew 5,PeCies, the dors,al valv,es oil: whkh are cha'l1aote,IIi::z.ed by tlhe!iT smao.l si1ze, 1ow-corucal Ito Is:tranJgly and irregula.l"'ly depressed s'ha,pe, and by the d:is1li!notriibbiJnig, 'bears some s.im.iJ.arirties both to the species D. scwteZlwm '(iDRiEGER) 'from the OO'Iliempoil"aneous .deposits of the Vienna Basilll, :ai!lJd ,to B'ome Rec,ent speclies tY'PLcal of the 'Lnodo-lPaci'frlc realm.

The bearing of the new species on the content od: littoral organic communities of 1Jhe K'oryrtnlica Basin, and on tlhe recognJition

:00:

its tropical oondiViJOn:s a:nd

linoo-

-iPa'ci:fioc ibdJOPTTOIVmchll '!IIllfinities are Ibrielily dis,cUJS:sed.

INTRODUOTIDN

The inarticulated brachiopods

^of

the genus Discinisca DALL, 1871, are 'extremely poorly represented in the Terti,ary deposits of the 'wo['Ld. In Europe, : their dis,perSed occuXTences, usually il'ea'lized by a very low number

of

individuals, or eVlen by siLngle specimens of dorsal valves, distinctly contrast with the frequency of other, usually small-sized :hrachiopods in many fossilif€roU!S Miooene depolS'it1;s

'(see

DRJEGER 1,88:9, 1911; BOETrrGER 1901; SAlCCO 1902; de MOR.GIA!N - 1915; mIlEDBERG 1921; ME'ZNERJIOS 19414;

GEORGlAlDES-tDIiK:EOUUI!A

19

¹

74; BEDLEY 197,6).

Within the frames of the Middle Miocene (Badenian) marine invasion

over the '8.il'eas of the FOil'e-lOarpathdan DepreSlSion and ned.ghboring

countries of the lCenltral Polish UIPlcmds: ,this

,genJUiS

has never been

reported in Poland, although it has long been known in the Ukrainian

part of the basin (I:.OMNIOKI 1897, FlRJLEDBERG 100

¹

1).

(2)

254 ^URSZULA^RADWA~SKA^Br^ANDRZEJ^RADWA~SKI

In the Korytro.ica Basin on the ,southern slopes of the Holy Cross

!Mountains

i~CenrtJraa.

Polrush U.plands) this genus has hd.therlo escaped from recognition within all the d!i.verse and ubiquitous organic communities

(see

FRIEDBERG 1930; iKOWAlLEWlSKI 19'30; BAIl.JUlK. 197'5; BAR!CZYIK

& POPIEL-BARCZYK 1977; BAI:.UK

&

RADWANSKI 1977, 1979). The systematic washing and sifting of the fossiliferous clay material have however resulted recently in recognition of this genus in diverse littoral facies of the Korytnica Basin (RADW ANSKA 1982).

THE IN'VESTIGA'DED MiNI'ERIAL

The oibtained material consists of a few dlozens oif dorsal valves, all

of

them more or less damag,ed. The damage, il'",eali:zed by the ibr'eakage o, f the va'lv,e llla!fgin and/or the scalin.g ollif along ,the growth

il:ame~lae,

:is

caused iby the structure Of the sheM whiioh is cOTnleus (organo- -phosphatic, colored pale straw to dark brown) in composition, and very friable in !its physical pI"O.perties. The ventral valves of the shell are albsent.

rrhe morphological features are well readable in the investigated specimens, all

of

them beilIlg quite fresh, not Iworn to any extent

,(~e

PIs 1-2). TheJSe features are appa:relrl'tly ,so distant to Ithose otf the known taxa in the g,enus Discinisca that the in'Vestigated specimens have ' been attributed to a new species.

SYsmEMlA'DIC iA.CCOUINT

Phylum Brachiopoda DUMERIL, 1806 Class Inarticulata HUXLEY, 1869

Order Acrotretida KUHN, 1949 Suborder Acrotretidina KUHN, 1949 Superfamily Discinacea GRAY, 1840

Family Discinidae GRAY, 1840

Subfamily Disciniscinae SCHUCHERT & LeVENE, 1929 Genus Discinisca DALL, 1871

Discinisca polonica sp.

^!rl.

(rrext-ifigs 1 ... 3.and Pl. t,

Fligs

1-6, 1PIl. ' 2, Fig. 1)

HOLOTY'PE: The speaimen presented in Pl. 1, Fig. la-lb.

PARATYPES: Five adult specimens (p!"esented in Pl. 1, Figl; ~) and one juvenile (PI •. 2, Fig. 1).

TYPE LOCALITY: Korytnica, 24 km SSW of Kielce, southern slopes of the Holy Cross Mountains, Central Poland.

TYPE HORIZON: Middle Miocene (Badenian).

DERIVATION OF THE NAME: Latin adjective potontca, after the country of its finding.

[)IAlGiN.osrS: Trhe dorsal valves of almost Icir'c>uIaT loutldine, varyjlng to e1ong,ated ovailly a,1<mg the ul.id-lin~ or ,the more or :less rectangular or even lPoily>gOlnal;

'liaw-cOIIl'ical rto strongly and irregulaTly depressed, with a well developed 1d.mbus;

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DISCINISCA POLONICA SP. N. 255

g'culptured !by 'WIell iPI1OiIlJ01UIlJood sparse, J"adiJal ribs, mOl'e IOr !less distinctly lPustul1ated at the po.ints of irr:d.er,sectiOlIl w,j,th the :gl'owth 'I:in!es; alpex Slu'b-cen'tral poB'ter1orly; muscle-scar pattern featured pr.imari[y !by la:rge, arched, s'Mightly ll'eIlilform 'aJIlter.ior adductors', and ,by ovail to ,tear-shaped pos'1lerdJoT adduc'tOl1s elo.ngated ,LateraUy.

SIZE: The holotype (PI. I, Fig. la-4lb) is estimated as about 4 mm long (at the mdd-line) and 3.S mm 'Wllde; the smallest specimem (iPI. (1, Fig. 2a--12b) is ::1.2 mm by '3 mm, .and the largest one (PI. I, Fig. 6a-6b) 5 mm by 4 mm respectively. The iuvenUe sp'ecimen (PI. 2),

to judge by its \preserved part, w.as about 2.5-4.6 mm lin diameter.

DESCRIPTION: The dorsal valves, all of which are damaged at their margin, may be Teoonstxucted as a,lmost ciTcular in lOutliine (Text-Ifig. la~b ;md PI. 1~ iF:iJg.

la---.lb), w,j,th a 'tendency to e1otngarHon a,illOng the mediialn (antetio-lpos'ileriJal) lJinie.

mIle preserved ifr,agments Slhow 'Slome SJpecime.ns to have broadly Q!llgular lixregumities iOif the qateral ma~ tendirll!g ,to [Pl"o.d\llCle a !general shape I100rghly rectaiIllgular (cf. Text-fig. 2c-d), or even polygcmall (T,ext-cfIg. 211): in oon:sequeooe, the anterior margin sometimes becomes straight (Text-fig. 2a and 2d). The posterior margin is mOire or less straight, although of a va:riable length (Text-fig. Ib and 2d).

The exte:rn:most p:a:r-t .of the valves 'is aLmost ifllat atnJd forms the 'limbus.

,The !general s,bIa:pe of the .dOO'sall valves is 1ow-c<mical to strongly and iTregua.lar1ly depressed '(':DeXlt..jjjg. 3). A ,1'OW-ClcxrUw,l IOhape lis "\Men ,dlis:played by 1fue apical part of the valve, and subsequently the valve becomes more or less flattened

~Text-fiJg. 3a) ancUor OOOltorted ,to a varia:ble extent ,aJ,ongthe limbus atnd the margin (11ex't-fi,g. 3c).

,The apex lis suJbcen.trall, 'SLightlly dispLaced posrter:iorly i(cf. l!1ext-diiJg. la .arrld 2d), and varying in its inclilnatiion (cJ. Text-fig. 2a-d).

The external sculpture of the dorsal valves ds expressed by well-prOlIlounced lI."adia'l riJbs mcreasiiIllg :iIn wddtlh to the va[ve margdin, iMlid more or 'less swol!lein at poinlts of :ilnrersectILcmWILth the growth liJnes. !At theSe podinits :tihe swells are DoNned by atn apPl1o:xiim'atiJon of :bhe growth lines, some ,CIf whioo beoome here :the deIllSer.

aJnd thus a kind of iPuSltU/lesdeve1ops .. rDhe pustuLation whJilch dniViolVles la beaded character Of the r.ibs, and SiPpears a.lmost tlhroug!hout the whole surmace 'Of t'he V',s,lv,es, ls ,dis"tiilnClfty ibetterr pr.cJlliounced near to the va'lVle ma~'in l(a'Long 1ilie limlbus) and in. pIla,ces ,CIf a ohange iJn ;the VIa'lve iProfdile (~ Text-cf:i!g. 13 and iFI. 1, Fligs ,la, 2a,

aa,

^4,^6a).

The ribbing iOIf the dorsal valves ,is ~eneral]!ly sparse, aIIld the total numlber of ribs is estdma;ted to range from 40 to 515, and IbeiIng 5'3 iJn ,the holotype. All rohe riIbs are single and ContiJnUOlUS" and they never bilfuroa'1ie; :the new .ones apjpeS.r as IilnI1leroaLatory in. va!1i,ous parts of the valve, and at va:riious growth :stages of t1he a:dUilt shelil. [n rome places two dJnrt&,caWorties aoppear

aamost

siJrnul!ta:neously. mhe piJb.s are well separated fx-om 'earch other, and the wterSopaoo .is usuaUy twke, in IPliaces even three ~:s WiLder than the db, :the dilflferen.c'eg lbeillllg dependSllllt ulpon oot IUwOirm dilstrilbution of the rib; thl"oughout the valve. Ln t'he 1C'a'Se IOIf the more densely scattered ribs, especialily tihose pustuLated:, ·the interspace equals to tthe riib width or it becomes even smalller.

The :ribbiJIlJg oci,ginai;es abrlliPtly at is detilnite ,gr,owth Line. U,suaHy :it does at a muoh better pronounced {line wmch is i'lllter,pieted as ;the marlgin of the postlarval shell (seie\ CHUANG ,19177, Fig. U~. The poosHar,VI8Il, i,e. the breph1c shell lis 'Ilhel"erfure recl()jgni~e'd as a!P'Parently smooth in. the Iin.ves'bi!watbed species, wthlllst the y.OI1lItlhIful (the earliest "adult"), i.e. the neamc shell is dJndi'carted by the ,~'rmiJnation of the ribbiJn:g (see PI. 1. FiJg;s la, 2a, &l:, 4--.5, 6ai, and iFI. 12, E1i:gs la, 'le).

OcmISequently, IWIitbrln. 'the central part ,of ,bhe val1v,e, aH 1Jhe sucoessive devellopmen.1la.'l sta'g,es ,of the shell a["e dis~uishable. The atlex is diormed by <the la1'!V1a'l shell, i.e. tIhe pl'lote~ulum, whicll is !Well preseTVled in 'some specimens ,Wl. 1,

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256 URSZULA RADWAlItSKA & ANDRZEJ RADWAlItSKI

FWgs2a, 3a, 4; 6a. al!lid IBI. 2, F.1g. ,ta, le), 1:l'lmlOS't cireulaa- .iJn ioUlt1ine, an.d a;ttaW aibcmt 0.4 mm in diJameter. It ,is completely p1aJin, and :bears 1110 dl/fj,nite 'gr'owlih lLnes; usually Ii't ·15 1:rregula11ly soo'Ied~

to

a varialble eX'OOnit (see PI. 1', Fig. la, and PI. 2, 'Fig. le). 'The postlarV'al, i.e. the breph:Lc shelJl . is fealtured. wiItih dJi~ti!llIct

~ow1;lh 'lines, some of whi,eh axe tIDiore pronroUllllCedlydeve.Laped '(see PI. 2, FUg. le);

rut arlitains aibout 1.8 mm in diameter, balVliJng the protegUilum p1aJCed postel"iorly ~P1.

2, F'ig. le). The ~ustu1I!J.ItiO!ll is acq'lll:red by the I1ibs ooevallly wi1lh 1Iheir germLna- tiJ'Il at the pl1(}ximai mar~n of tlbe l!1ean:irc shell

GBl.

2, F1g. le).

1. Morphology <1iI ,the dorsa:! v:aJ.ves oIf ~cim.i3ca poWnica s.p. n., p:rie'SeIIlted as :tor the holot~e (see PI. 1, Fig. 1a-1b): a - rOUter S'iicle, b - mner sd.de (s.tiJrojl.ed !is

!the limbus); ~ x 15 ·(et. iPil.aJte 1)

MuSIC le sca<rs ('termiaJJology afte-r .THOMSON 1927): AA - anrter:ior adducto~, AP - anterior pI"iOllraotors', PA - ,posterLor add'llci<oM, pp - iPl()sterriJor pl1O'traiC'tors

IDbe specimen wthieh deIllOIlStra.tes all the deve1qpanenJflal s.tages of the shell

. , owtth

~ 2, F:ig. lar-1l!c) is ~ded as j'UV1eru.1e sdincre, aIltbou~ alslo damaged.

iIts preserved poISte.r.ior rmao:gin ris S':i:tualted just near the di3Itad margin .00 :fJhe l:irephi:c shell ('see PI. 2, :Fig. la, le).

The interWor d the dorsal V'alves is featured by the muscle ScaTS', tihe

:wrea.

()I:f whiJch is \nery lal1ge cmd passes much anter10rly the 1aJP1oal

part

of the vallve;

posterior!ly. it reaclles the liiInbWl ('Text-tigs .1b and 2)1. .'llhe ibesll;p.TrOO:IIOll!Ild are scars of the anterior' adductm-s whi,oo ar,e bl1oad, obese but ,Obtuse, ,cmd lSa~y

arched externally. In well preserved specimens they are reniform iin; shape, dis.t- '.iJnctly ~te at their external edge. The scars Olf the poster-lor ,adductors are :les.s disti.nct, but .Sltill wen disere:mi;ljle; they are either 0V1a:l (frext-lfiitg. f.!bI.-rd), or

PLATE 1

Discinisca polonica

sp. n.; dOJ.'sal valves, x 15

1 -:- HoI()type (la outer vIew, lb inJnerv.iew); 2-3 - paratypes. (2a, 3a outer views;' 2b, 3b i,nnex views); 4-5 - paratypes 1n outer views; 6 - the largest

paraty,pe (00 outer view, Gb inner V'rew) Photos taken by L. 1.aszczEWsKA. M. Sc.

(5)

ACTA GEOLOGICA POLONIcA,

vot..

³⁴ ^U.RADwAI':fSKA & A. RADWA&sKr, pLo 1

(6)

ACTA GEOLOGICA POLONICA, VOL. 34 U. RADW ANSKA & A. RADW ANSKI, PLo 2

Disc1tnVsca polonica

:sp.

n.; dorsal valv-e

·of

the juvenile

la-lb - The :>pecdimen :in outer (la) and inner !(lb) views; take·n x 15, to cJOmipare

!W1Lth other lPara,types 'Presented in IF!. 1

le - .o~ V,ieIW, magnified x 45, to show the ,proteguluan I(q), aIIlod the postllarval

.~bTeJph:ic) and youtbd'tJll (lIlerunJic) pa.nts of the shelJl

Photos t.ken by L. LUSZCZEWSKA, M. Sc.

(7)

DISCINlSCA POLONICA. SP. N. 257

w1der at the median ildne, and taper lalterally

to

acquire a tear-l.iIke shape (Texrt- ...;fig. l.b). Of the prdtractor scars, the po5'terior ones are ~zable <in some specdJrnens, the hdlotYiPe mdUldin:g; they are smalll, almOlSt cil1cuIar and s.ir\;UJalted

-',

\

"

^{\ '}_\J

I

\ I

I I I I I I I

.-/

:Fig. 2. Inter-iIons of 1lbe donsal valWs ^d:f Dilscinisca polonica BfP. n., to slhiO!w variability of the muscle scars, position of the apex (indicated by a cross) and its .iJno11aJ.altian l~iIllid1cated by a Iea<iJer): a. - specimen iIllUlStl1alted in PI. 1, F.jg. 2b; b ~

Iiin IPIl ^1;,{Fig. 4; c - in Plo 1, FJLg. 31:>; d - !in PL. 1, Fjjg. ab

(Fig.

3

Side v,iews of oome dorsal valves of Discinisc(l polonica sp. ill., ,to show variaibi:1ity of their slhape; the drawings taken a,l-ong the mid-line (arrowed is the posterior) of the specimens mu- strated in Text-filg. 2 and d;n Pi1atJe 1;

magn. x 15

a - paratype illustrated iJD. TeXJt-lfig.

2a md PI. 1, Fd·g. 2a-Zb b - holoty,pe HIUlS1trated in PI. 1, Fig.

la-1,b

c - ,paraitype illustrated. in TelCIt-fig.

2d and PL 1, Fdg. 6a-ab

a PO:

. ~----

~

.

---,

«

,/--"~ b~

C _____ -..: .

more or less obliquely {asymmetrically) to the medialn liine. ~ g.ca['S of the anterior protractors are weakly readable, very shallowly etched, and thus not well. defilnied in most of the specimens, exoep1li!llg the hoolLcnY'Pe. The maldioomations,

(8)

258 UBSZULA BADWANSKA & ANDBZEJ BADWANSKI

resulting presumably from patholog;ical changes of the muscles, are reco~ble

in some of the anterior adductors (Text-fig. 2~). The juveniiIe specimen doos not display any def;ined muscle scars (see PU. 2, F.iJg. l!b).

,'I1he muse,le-scar area in adult specimens 'is pal'!Hy Ibordered iby tw.o ~

ridges which jain the external sides of the adductor scars either tangentially or bluntly (see Text-lfiigs 1--12).

,Too limbus 'VI/Ibidh 115 thick and run:s aiong the whole va!lve, beoomes more distal to the musde-lScar area anteriol"ly. aIIld a'lso aIllterdorlyit enlmges a,1onsg the vaQve margm in the hol,otype ,(Text-fig. lib), or rema'tns {)fa

more ,or

les's

co:n.s:ta.nt

width .iIIlo>iJhe'r specimens (Text-fig. 2).

iREMlAJRJKiS: ,The iIlew Slpecies, D£scirnisca polon.ic.a 5p. n.,

m

characterized primaTii'ly by small-s.ized, iro1a1bed ,QGnsaJ. valves ex! a Iow-<Xmica'l shape, with a 1ilIIlbus, and w.i1ih well deveLoped ri'bs (JpustuJlalted :!l:lOre or a.ess dist.iJncbly), a!nd by pa'tteriIl of the muscle s'cars'. The Spe0.i.men ,chosen 1liS ,the !hol'crtype, wthioh 'generally avera,ges morpholog1ca,1 fea'tures of the spades, 'is the most circuJlar 'in Bits ou<bline when cOm/pared to the others (see ~t-if>igs 1a<-b IaJIl>d 2a-d), !but

·it

!is tibe OI1ly whd.ohpos.sesses the muscle scars wholly preserved.

'lJhe Itlattend:ng af ·the vallves, combi!lled wj,th their s.ha,pe vaIr.i.albi.liJties aJIld f<l!l'll'natilO'n of the liImIbus' <see Text-!f1g. 3'), dis diniterpreted as an adarptation. to the J..ilfe cOlnd>j,t~O!llS wlthdn a bigh-energy enviI1cmment of the shore:rone. Precisely. it is thought to corresp()([ld to the best adherence of the whole shens to the sub- s1lrate, 1lhe phenomenon oot being recogn:i:zed iIIl any otIher species of Di..sci1lJi,sca, either <present-day or ancient'" The greatest irl'1efgUJlarlties of l1he sh8jpe, d!I.sIplayed by the largest specimen (see Text-figs 2d and 3c), may consequently result from

j,ts gr.eater J.ongev>i.ty.

'I1he presence of "the postlalI"Val l~h1c) shell c,ompiletely smo.OIth in D1£sct1lAsca

poZonica sp. n. is to be lIloted, 'because iiIl .other s>pecies the r.ilblbinlg !is s.oonetdmes reported I(or illustrated) as oonthnuollS just to the apex df <the dorsaJl valVES (MUiIR-WIOOD 1929). A &InOOI:h aJpica.1 part has 'hoawever beeIn reoognIiu.ed 'WIben creating many, 'bot'h an.cienlt (DREGER ,1800, deMORGAIN 100.5. YIAlBE & RATA!

1935) and present-day species (d'ORBIGNY 1853, GOULD 1860, DALL 1920, J:ACKSON & S'l'IlAS..~Y 10017).

The cOloir balndilIlg, rqJOrled in ^50lIleof the ancient speedes (MU,1iR-IWOOD 1009, 193'9) j,s :not re<xl@Ilizable .iIIl the investigated specimens.

OOMP.AiRIIBON WITH REOEN!T AlND AlNCiIEINT !FDR'MS

According to the accepted .systematic status {ROWiElI1L '19(5), within the family DisciJn!idae GiRAY, 1840, the three sulbfamilies are distinguished

viz.

(1) Orbiculoideinae SCHUCHERT

&

LeVENE, 1929, which contains only Paleozoic .(Ordovician-1P,ermian) !forms; (2) DisciIlliscinae SCHUCHEiRT

&

LeVENE, 1929, which contains the discussed genus Discinisca DALL,

16'l1, and abyssal Pelagodiscus .DAlLL, 1'9:08; and (3) Discininae GRAY, 1840, which is repreoon:ted by one, Recent genus Discin'a LAMARCK, 1819.

• It !is, however, app!llrelllJ!; In specimens of :the tpTeSeIlt-day Disci.na striata (SCH'UMACHIDR),·as illustrated by REEViE (.1'862, iPl. 1, FUg. '1ib).

(9)

DISCINISCA POLONICA SP. N. 259

All the andeIllt forms which had p!"eVl1oUislly !been ass'~gned to the genus Disoina, wel"e firslt ,pu1 into the genus Discinisc.a Iby ''IIHOMSION :(19127." and this staJteanent was iaccepted by HERrnLEIN & . ~T ICII9~, aIIlId by RJOWELL (ll1965).

The first attnibuti,on of ^aIIl. cmc!ie!lt species to DVscini8ca W!aS ~ already by deMORGAN <lIH5).

The gen'WS

Disciwisca

thus contams both the present-day and ancient species.

iW~ihin

its Reoent representatives, the three groups 'O!f species are dlistinguishable

(see

DALL 1920, THOMSON 1927, MUIR-WOOD 1929), as follows:

(ri) Large, lame1lose, flexMlle, w.iJt1bout .l'Iadiatmg S1CUIliptwe; examples:

D. ZameUosa '(BRODERIiP, lr04), D. Zaevts '(G. deB.SOWEIRiBY, 118212). These two spooiJes tYlPLcaUy form clusters, >living ev,en iIn. ,sandy envir.(mments (see also DAViIDSOiN 188'8, pip. 19.5--!I'96; R-rCHARDS 11974);

(ii) Large, less lamellose, with feeble irregular radiations,' more solid; examples.:

D. Wriigata ~BiRODlER[;P, !l834), D. cu.'TI'J.ingi ·omODElRJ1lP, 1834);

,iii) Small, with regular radiating sculpture, not lemellose, solid; examples:

D. antiltaT'lJ"m l(d'ORBIGiNY, 18153), D. steLZa ~UI.ID, 1860), D. $pQII"setineata DALIL, 192il, D. indica DAlLL, 1000, D. keie:n.sis JAOKSON & STJIASNY. 1007.

The groups

⁽ⁱ⁾

and

⁽ⁱⁱ⁾

are oonlIiined .to the western

coasts

of the AanericalS, :whereas the group

.(iii)

primarily to the east coast of Asia (the Indian Ocean, Malay Arehipe'lago, Philippines, China nad Japan), and one speC!ies

(D. antvHa:rum)

to the shores oIf the Car11:fuean .and Brazil (DALL 1871, 1920; THOMSON 1927; MUIR-WOOD 1929).

The comlpa.f1i1son with the extinct

~ecieiS

0If

Discinisca

will be coltl!fined to the Tertiary forms, because those of older stratigraphic age, usually poorly known and often of uncertain attribution

^(see

THOMSON 1927, MUIR-WOOD 1929, HERTLEIN

&

GRANT 1944, ROWELL 1965, STENZEL 1965), bear little relations to the investigated new species.

The number

of

the Tertiary species of

Discinisca

.is relatively not sma1J., as

it

attains the figure ()If sbcteen. Of the five s,pecie.s loi:sted by THOMSON (1927), only three are acceptable (see below), which are accompanied by two species estabilished earlier (S. WOOID 1874, de MORG.AlN 19115), ten subsequently added, and com1pleted by the here introduced new one.

IAlll the Europen T·ertiary slpecdes were es'taibJrlis'bed UJpon d'soOlated donsal valves, the interior at which is often unknown. Although some species are reported

to

have been. :found as wttached to the subs·tm'tail shellll (WMNU.CKlI 189'1; MlUlIR"WOtOD 1929, 1939), their ventral valves remained unaccessible.

The following review of the Tertiary species is given to acquaint Wiith the sculptural varia'bilities of their va' lves, and with the possible a:ffinities .to the newly €Istablishedspecies.

All the American species correspond to the groups ~i) and (Ji) in modern Discinisca. They are represented by Discoi:1lIisca Zugubris (CONRAD, 1834) (see DALL 1'909, THOMSON li1t27) , as well as by D. je1likins.i, D. ZoeZi, and D. peTToiJni, aU 1lhree esrtwblished ,by HERlTLElN & !GlRANT (1'9'44). The 'latter species, D.· perTinrt HERTLEIN & GRANT, is the only \ijn, which the ventral. valve ~ described (\HERTLEIiN & GRiA.o.W 194'4, p. 3£ and iPI. 2, F,ug. 15).

(10)

260

URSZULA RADW A~SKA & ANDRZEJ RADWA~SKI

The species "Dtsclntsca OTegonensts" of DALL (1909), regarded by THOMSON (d92'1, p. 132) as valid (however, erronously referred to Dtsctna in the orlgInal description, and also erronously attmbuted to CONRAD), nas appeared 'to be. the e~terillal cast of a fish

vertebra (see HERTLEIN & GRANT 1944, pp. 25, 178, and 212).

Of the four

species

recognized by ·MUlIR-iW1OOiD

e1929, 1939)

from the Eocene deposiJts of England, two bear their dOTsal valves smooth,

vi'Z.

Discinisca , insu,zarils l\11UliR-4WOOD,

19'3'9,

and an unnamed Discinisca sp.

~lVrUIIR...!WOO[), 1939),

and thus they evd.dently

ib~'lorrug

to the group (i). The species

D. davis~ MUWR-WOOD, '19'39,

has highly conica'l

a:n~

slightly convex dOTSal valves, and densely spaoed r· ilbs Wlith speciific IIlOJ;phO'logy. A cOm.pa!"able species is only Discini.sca jerrCYViae l.VfiUiIR;-

..,WOOD, 1929,

,which has a 1ow...conti.cal dorsal valve and numerous smaJ.:l ribs but

irt;

dilftfe['1S in othermmphological f'eatul'es; its aff,initie's wiU he

dioscussed

hereatliter.

The species "Dtsctna ~esri" (Stablished by BaSQUET (1862) from the Olligocene. deposits of the Netherlands, a,nd regal"ded by THOMSON (,1927, p. 132) as belonging to Dtsclntsca (under the name "N,ystt", what is an evident error: "N~ti" Is a new s~e.ci.EIs o.f Terebratuti'na in the same paper of BOSQUETI) characterizes by a very soldd structure of the'v,aives, especially of the ventral one, the:i,r rectangular outline, atIld internal structure of the .cranioid type (see BOSQUET. 1862, Figs 1--5; c.t. alBo MUIR~WOOD [929, p. 466).

Further discussion on the real ;nature of ,this species Is omitted here the more so that the· name "Crcmta Suesst" was formerly used by BOSQUET (1859) for an Upper Cretaceous species of different .moa'lJillPology (Bee al:8o CARLSSGN 1958), and by REEVE (1862) tor a Recent species from Australla(see cuso DAYIDSON l8S&' p. 192; THOMlSON 1927, p. J.36). Anyway, the discussed specdes has confusingly been attrd.buted to the ·genus pelagodtscus by THOMSON (1927, p. lUll; Bee aLso HE~TLEIN & GRANT 1944, p. 21).

IThespeclies ~ded by THOMlSON 01007, p. 100) as lbel~ to Discim..i!sch and cited as ,,DiSciina li!opoi.uarUz LOMN.LCKiI"· from the Moj,ooene o! P,oland, wru;

cfliTst noted :realHy by L()(M!NiIJCKI (,1897, p. 17). as "Di:scina 5P. {leopoZliIba:na m:r, but without any diagnosis, description or illustration. This name, acoording to> the

]Jaw

rules, hasolbvtiously been .a nomen nudtwmUlIlJthl its adeq'UJa.1;e odes,C"r.iJpt~O!ll by FRffiEDBERG {a.9ⁱ21·,pp. 6-7 and PI. 1, FUg. 12), as ,)).i;scina lE!JOl'P'Ollitana M.

wm.'m

IdJtt. ... It isthereflOlre a150 obv:ious, acoo.rdilllg to the !SaJDle rules, 1Jhat

F1RJIEDIBmG

is the creator of· the species, the name of which is Discinisca leopolritana (FRIEDBERG, 1921). The specimens of this species, featured by small-sized) 1(9 X 7 mm) S'ffi'ooth va['V'es, are mow!Il rrurely :!loom the MLdcUe M10cene (lBade:niaJn.) deposits exposed just i:n the city of Lw6w (oin medieval Latin: LeIopoZis, adjective leopolita'TlllLS), at

p:resen.t

the WleStern UkraJime. Sovd.et Union. UJMJNiIOKiI(l007) me!!libiJoned 1lb:aJt JSOIIllespemmens were alttached to scatl.qps,

but

F1RIIEIDBERiG ~19W) had only do:rs,aD. VIalves at hi.s d.isposaJ. wlh!ic'h he ~zed as a:1m00Jt j,dentLca.l with those o!f present-day Disc.inisoa ZameUasa iCBOODIDRJlIP), :aIIld d:iJfDeori;n,g from them only by a smaller size and a Less eccenrtrdc posmO!ll

,af

the apex 1(lSee a100 HE'RlTLEIiN & GRJA.N.T 1J9t44, p. 35).

A s:iJInila;r 7I.()t17l.e.n 71IUd'ILm case :had. aJlso been ,dJislplaYled by iflhe specres multiTadiata, the name of which was

mst

used by DOI.1r.iF'UlS & 'DA'Ul'I1ZENlBERG '(1001, p. 280) who attr.~bUJ1;ed it to the .genUs DiJs'cina, and reparted llriom the Miocene d~oo,iIfls of fiance (£alun:s of Tourame) as a srrnal1 ~cies, wdth !Il'UlIDeJ.1O:Us radial l'ibs,and similar to D. siella. A des'cr.iJption and illus1lr:aJti,O!ll o! Us dOl'sal valves was afifered by deiMORGAlN(19!15) who ;i;s therefore regJarded here ru; the creator ,of tlbe s.pecie; Disalnisca fflUUtrad4alta deMORGAN, ,the a!lifi.Il'i.ties of wfhi..dh wjJ·l becliiooussed hereafter.

(11)

'Dhe species Discinisoa scutelZiu:m (DR1OOl.EIR, 1800), the tbJil"d of the a~d species listed by THOMSON (11?27, :p. 132), was estabI:i.shed by IDRlEGlER (!l.OO!8, pp.

182r--l18;3 and IPL 1, :F1iig. l'6a-c) :£or ooe, p8lI'ltly dam,wged low-conkal dorsal vall:ve from the MLddle Wocene (Baide:nian) sandy depooiJts exposed at Imrnendol1f near GTUJlldiln the V\ienna Basin, Austr>ia. This small speoi.me.n. (6 X 4 mm), beiJnig o!!,,11Lously the hoLotYIPe, is kept in the collectiOln <O!f the NatuT'hisrtorriBches M wseum in Vienna (NHM Wien, Geol.-Paliiontoloy. Abt.; Catalogue Number 1861. XXXiV.

102), and it is actually more damaged tlhan aIt t'iJme oIf its &lil.usrt:a:<atiKm. Its inner side lis socaled af.f and/or

'WIoOO.,

thus the musde SCIail'S beiI!1g not deteC'table'. The outer surface is well preserved and sculptured by sparse ribs of a distinctly beaded alPlPearance ('W!eH pictured in il[USira;ti,OIU by DREGER 18189, Pll. 1, E'hg. '16b;

r~red to as f:i.ne pu.s.tules I()Il r.iibs by MULR-WooD 1009, p. 4J66).

The well estrubliished species is Discinisca oorpathda c:rYiRJOIKY &F1E)JFAIR, l'S'ifi3, from the MLocen.e deposits of Ozecho,slovakia; j,ot is featu'!'ed by .lallger sri;ze (up to 30 mm) and fine ribbmg of the dorsal valves (S'ee CTYROKY & FEJF AR 1963, pp. 16.2'---tl66; Figs 1~ a!lld PI. F1Lgs 1--5). Ventrad v.aJ1ves are UJnk:'IlJown, ood the inner s1dedf the dorsal one; eXihdib.i.1Js pos·terilOr adducbor scars re1atwely narrow and latterailly mUlCh elonga:ted (see OTYIRJQKY & Fl.ElJiF\AlR 1963, E'iIg. Il).

Tbis first large-si'ZJEld Dilscirniscaspecies from the Tertruary deposits of Ew-Qpe bears great resemblances to the American species D. l'Ug'ubrtis (CONRAD), the owter sur:fJooe ofW!llich (in: <IDrsal vadves) is however iClIlmost lPan, and rjJJJb!mg lis hardly dettecrtalbUe, ,usu,ally in the apical a:nd pos'terLor ^~aJrtsof the VIa·Ives .(as seen iIn specimens kep,t in the collectiOln of the NaHOIU'al Mruseumof Natural Hiistory, to. Wa&b.iIIlgt!OiI1,aDd' kiLndIy suppiIied by the MaIDigea-). lit .i.s .I'IetasQI1a1l:Xle to sug,gest

the

attributLon Of' this speCies to the groulp 1(1ii) of the present-day Di.scrimisoo.

To the same' g:IiOI.lip '(iti)·at1JriibWta.lb:Le alre 'a'Is,o tw!o Pliocene species fJ.'lolIn Japan;

Discim.isc.a sendo.i£nsis HAI'l1M & HAYAiSAlKlA, 1965, of }arger S:ire(1.lip to 2:0.18 mm) and D. 1l'Uiyaoiensis HIATAl & HAYAlSAiK..A, 19,65, c'haxiaoterized by smaller s~

(up to 10.7 mm) aJIl!d ·disItOOJC't ribs in the pos:ter.i!OIl" Iparrt; otf ctOlI'sa'I val-ves !('see HATtA:I & HAYASIAlKIA HJofII5, pp. 174-176

anid

'I1ext4itg.s 1...{l).

" The SGJeCieS ~ca faUem;s(S. WOOD, 18174), regarded eaJrJUer by DAViID-

SON ~HI5'2, p.7 atnd PI!. 1, F1itgs 9" !la, 9!b) EllS .poss'~b!ly co~ wtLth D. lamellosa, alIlld comi:ng frOtffi: ,1Jhe Pldlocene .GoraHi!Ile Cmg of EngJ:alIl:d, \Was estalbliisthed as

~X'ate

by wOOn

~1817r4, p. 1.72

and

Pl~ 11, Fag. 6). This species 'wlhich halS rulSlO beeri suggested (WOOD 18.74; THOMSON 1927" P. 131) to

belong

to the!

genua

Pelagodiscus,characterizes by the small~sized smooth shells, atnd thus sh:otuld:

be!

attributed to the group (i) of the Discinisca species (see also MUIR-WOOD 1929, 1939). It is the only European species of Discinisca for which ventral valves were liiivestigated (MU!R-WooD·19:29, p.466), but they remained not illustrated.

mhe species Disc4misca kamikafJet'Uens,is ,YABiE & HATiAiI, 19135, reported f!J."oIIi the PIeisto~ ,.,RyUlkyu Uimesotone" of the Ryuky1\.l Isfranlds, J~, is I1eg'aJrded as close to the R.ecen.t speC!ies D. steZZa ~GOU!L'D) of ;the same region (lSee YAlBE

&.

RATA! 19C36" PI. 14, IDigs 11---11,2; HlIDR'.llIJEIIN & GlRlAIN,T 119.414, /p. 26).

The above preseruted revi,ew :shows that wdthin· the Tertiary species of Disicinisca sUlitllJble for further compaxiJSOns are those with small, rilblbed shells, and thus coIT€8pOIlding to the group

I(iii)

0If the present- .. day ,species.

The greatest resemblance

is

recognizable

(see

REEVE 1862, PI. 1, Fig.

1a-l1b; de!MORGAN 19, 15, Fig. 15; MUIiR-IWOOD 1'92S, Fig. 42 and 1939,

Fig. 7/3; OOOPER 1973, B1. 1, F,igs

1H~25)

between the Tertiary species

(12)

262 URSZULA RADWAN"SKA & ANDRZEJ RADWANSKI

Discinisca ferroviae MUIR-WOOD and D. muLtiradiata deMORGAN. and the present-day D. stella (GOULD) and D. indica DALL. All Ithese species have low-conical dorsal valves. ornamented by very 'numerous ribs (aVbaining the number of

100---120).

bUJt i1 n the two ancient specJes the position o[ the apex is less :stable (.subcentral to suibposterior). whereas

an the presenlt-day ones ,it is always slightly sUlbposterior. The pattern of the muscle scars in all these four species is similiar: the muscle-

-scar

area stretches from the adapical region towards the valve posterior.

and thus the anterior-adductor scars either escape poster>iorly from the apex

(D.

jeT1'oviae). slightly overlap

H (D.

muUiradiata). or embrace it tighrtly

(D.

indica); the

anterior~dductor

sea'rs

aTe

relatively lSlIlall. of a sausage shaipe. and na.r:row. ' The ancient species D. mUltiradiata seems to , be compalfCllble Ta· ther to the present-day D. indica, the both having a'bout

120

ribs. than

^toD.

stella as suggested formerly r(DOLLF.iUiS

&

DAlUrrZENlBERG 1901.

p.

2180;

deMOiRJGAiN

1915.

p.

27'2).

when the species D. indica was yet unknowtn. All these discussed densely rifi)bed species dilMer from Discinisca polonica sp. n. both in ornamentatio:n. and 1rn a pos1tion and

!Cl

general pattern of the muse· le scars, the shape of the

antel'iOlf~dductoT

sca,!"s including. The two species allied eith,er to D. stella ar D. indica (namely, D. sparseZinettta DAIIJL,

1920,

and

D.

keiensis JACKSON

&

STIASNY,

1937,

respectively) are still poorly

iknown,

and thus they tentatively may be cozn!bined with the former ones in tbi's com:parisons.

The last df the Recent .species of the group

(iii),

viz. Diiscini.sca anmz,zarum (d'ORJBIGlNY, 1853),

is

distirn.guished by an oval shape and convexity

0If.

the dorsal va'lves, and iby the slightly irregular r,i'bs distri- buted sparcely (see d'ORBIGNY 1853, PL 28,

FigS' 3~6;

REEVE 1862,

D.A::r.1L 19210, MUilR~[) 1929),

although its separateness

NOIIll D.

8teUa has long !been doubted

(IRlEEVlE 1862, DALL

187'1,

DAWOOON 1888).

Ocmsequently, the newly established specIes Di:scinisca polonica :s.p. n.

may generaUybe ascerladned a.s well suited to the group

(itiri)

of the Recent DVscinisoa :species. It ha:s, however, only very poo.r morphological simHarities to both

D.

indica DM.JL and

;to D.

stella

(OOUlUD). Of

these similarities noteworthy is a tendency to pustulation of the ribs in

D.

stella I(GOUW), as recognized already :by

DALL ('1920).

Amongst the andent Discimisca .spedes weakly compa1ralble 'WIith

Discinilsca polonica sp. n., baisrides . the two discussed

species

(D. jerroviae and D. multiradiata), is only D. scutellum

(DRlEGER,

1889)

from the contemporaneous deposits af the Vienna Basin. but established

upon one, damaged specimen, and thus the di'f· ferences in morphology

may be studied to a very limited extent.

(13)

To summa'fize, the group of the Discinisca speeies characterized by a small size (about

10

mm or less) and a Tibbed scuLpture (group iii) ]s welJ. de'fiinied both fOT the Recent and ancient f'orms. Lt includes the following :spedes, arranged accordingly to their stratigraphic age:

IEOCENE: D,vscimisoo jerrov1ae MiUIR-IWOOD, 10900 possibly Discinisca davisi, MULR-WOOD, 19i39' iMIQCElNiE: DisCli:nisca scuteUum{to:RiIDGIER, ill88l9)

Disciniscia muUiradiaiba. deMlOIbGAN" 19:m DisCtinisca pol.oThica sp. n.

IPl.IEIS'fOCENE: DisClinisoo k1lmikatetuens.is YABE & HA'l1M, 1935 RlEOElNT: Discinisoa steUa I~GOUl.ID, 1860)

Discrinisca ~rse~ine1lta DAII.lL, 1920 Discinisca indiCIa DAIL, 19120

illisci'Tlisca keiensils JACKSON & SrIlI!ASlNY, 1007 possiJbly Discinisca antillajrwm (diORlBIGNY, 18513)

A

still unadequate, v-eTY poor indeed, state olf the knowledge on most of these species makes efficient difficulties in the recognition of their phyletic lineages and relations between the TertiaTY ance'stol'S and their"

Recent descendants.

iNOTES ON THiE BJOTORE

The Middle Mioc,ene (Badenian)sequenoe

of

the KOIl'ytnica Basin consists O!f the four members lyoing horizontally wi,thin the frames olf a mg'eT bay (the Korytnica Bay) developed durdng the tTJan!sgr,ession onto the sowthern ,slopes of the Holy Cross Mountains

('see

T,ext-::fli'gs 4---45).

The basin, being a terminal ;part of the Korytruica /Bay is bounded by rooky ridg-es composed oif Upper J

ura~ssic

limestones, and featUJI'ed iby diveTS€ ltttoral deposits and/or damaged due

to

the

bioero~ion

eaused by various rock-borers (RADWANSKI

1969).

The four lithological members are successively filling the basin

(see

Text-f:iJg.

5),

as follows:

(1)

local

iWoWiIl-coa~..;beal'ing

depo:sits of br,ackish origin,

(2)

world-lfamous, extr,emely fossi},jJfoerou8' Korytnica Clay.s, (3) marly sands,

(4)

red-aJ:ga'l (UthOlthanmian) limestones. All these deposits, v,ery shallow mar,ine (or brackish in memlber

1)

!WeTe fo['med during a gradual .shallowing of the basin, and fHling at up with the sedimenltis almost to sea l'eveil.

(IRAlD-

WANSKI

:1969,

BAI:.tUK & RAlDWAN'SIKIT

19;7'7).

The age of the

whole

sequence corresponds to the Bad-e:I1ian Stage oLf the Vienna Basin, and

is

deifinied as :straddling the boundary of the nannoplankiton zones NN5 and

NN6

(MAIRTIiNI

1977).

The section which has yielded the investigated maJt'erial of DisciniJsca.

po,Lorn.ica

Bp.

n . .is situated a,long the shores of a small island (exposed

now as Mt. Lysa;

see

Text-lfigs 4-5). At these shores an oyster shelLbed

(14)

264 ^URSZULA^RADWA~SKA^&^ANDRZEJ^RADWA~SKI

has developed, and this forInS a littoraJ fades

of

the Kory.tnlica Clays.

The faunal content of the oyster shellbed and intercalating parts of clays comlPrtses i.a. dd.ver.se corals, cirI"iipedes (Sc(J)ZpeUum, Verruca, B(J)Zanus.

Acasta), cmtons (CryptopZax), biva1ved gastropods (Berthelinia krachi

Fig. 4. Paleoenvironmental sketch of the Korytnica Basin (adopted from: BALUK

& RIAlDWlANiSK.r 1977, Text-f1g. 2)

Indicated Me: marine area of the Korytnica Basin during the Middle Miocene (Badenian) transgression (blank) and present-day outcrops of the Korytnica Clays (stipPled); preserved fragments of llttorel structures (ciTcled); land or island areas along the seashore (hachuTed).

the island of the present-day Mt. Lysa including (densely dotted)

The occurrence sites of the brachiopods are completed iIIl. regard with the former data (FRJEDBERG 1930. BARCZYK & POPJ:EL~BARDZYK 1977, RlADWANSiKlA

1982, GUTOWSKI 1984), as fOlllows:

Dp - Discirzisoa polonica Sip. n.., M - Megathi:r.;.s detruncata ~GMEU!N}, A - ,diverse Slpecies af Argyrotheca, Lt - Lingula dumortJieri NYST, Lr - Lingula

d. dJregeri ANDRlEAiE, Ts - TerebrotuJ.a s,tY71iaca :r:mEGER

BAfLUK & JAKUBOWSlKI) and other moUusks, associated. with diverse invertebrates and fish moLiths (see RADWANSKl 1969; BALUK & RAD- WAASKl 197'7; RADWAASKA 1982, 1984).

The presence of the genus Discinisca, the littoral and

shal1ow~marine

requirements of which are commonly stated under present-day conditions (see DA

VIDS01~

1852, 1888; DALL 1920; THOMSON 1927; MUlR- -WOOD 1929; HERTLElN & GRANT 1944), supplements well a typically littoral community of the locality at the slopes of Mt. Lysa (see Text.,.

-ftig.

4).

(15)

.BRIAOHlIOIPOD ASSEMBLAGE OF THE KORYTNlIOA BASW

The £indding OIf the ue'w species of Discinwca supplements also the record of the 'bra·chiopod oeCUI'rences in the Korytnica Basin (see Text- -figs 4-5).

Mt.Lysa

Korytnica

D M A

.O~ ^A

L T

Q@

T

@

/

Chorrientow

F1g. 5. Ideailized sect1o.n throu.gIb. the KmytlIlica Basdm. (adopted from: BAL1J1K &

RADWANSIKII 1977, Text-figs 4 and 6), to show the d!i.o;,wilbuti'on of the bra·chLa;pod genera in paDti'Cl1laT litholorg:ical members of the M'i-d-dle Miocene QBa.c1enian)

sequence developed lliPOIl ·the Upper JuI'lSSSic s1.1lbstrate (et. Texlt-'Dilg. 4) Lithologies: 1 - brown-coal deposits, 2 - Korytnica Clays with a littoral fades of the oyster

shellbed at Mt. Lysa, 3 - marly sands, <I - red-algal (lithothamnian) limestones Bl'ac'hiil{)p·od ,genera: D - Discinisca, M - Megathiris" A - Airgyrotheca, L -

Lingul-a, T - TerebratuJ.a

Within the littoral facies at Mt. Lysa, as associated with Discmisca pol<mica sp. n . .repo'rted are (BALUlK 197:5, BAHCZYlK

&

PIOPlIEL-BtAfR- CZYK 1977, RADWANsIKA 1982) Megathiris d,etruncata (GMIDLIN),as well as ('RAJDWAN"SIKA 1982) Argyrotheca cisteHtila (S. WCYJD) and

A. subCQl1'data

QBOETTGIDR).

,Within the Ko:rytn!i.ca Clays, amy diverse ' S'pe<:ie'S of the genus A11gyrotheca DALL are known (BALUiK 1975, BAlRCZY'K & roPIEL- -BAlRiCZYIK 197'7), viz.: Argyrotheca cistellula (S. WOOD), A. subcordata

~BOET'I'OER),

A.? squamata (EICHW ALD) and Argyrotheca sp.

Within the marly sands, primari'ly the genus Lingula BRUGUIERE is known (FRIEDBERG 1930, BALUK 1975, BARCZYK & POPIEL- BARCZYR:. 1977, GUTiOWSKl 1984), and it locally occurs gregar,iously (IBALUK 19' 75, GUTvWSfKI 1984). This mass OCCUTI'ence concerns the species Lingula dumortieri NYST which was pT€viously des,cdbed in single valves (BARCZYiK & POPIEL-BA'RCZYiK 1977), whereas the second species, L. cf. dregeri ANDREAE was repo.rted only as one, 001£-

~roken

va'lve (FRIEDBERG 1930).

The latter species, Lingula cf. dregeri ANDREAE, 1893, was formerly reported from the discussed member of the Korytnica sequence as "L. cf. suessi DREGER"

~ee F.RIEDBERG 1930, p. 374; BARCZYK & POPIEL-BARCZYK 1977, pp. 158 8ll'l.d

(16)

266 URSZULA RADWARSKA & ANDRZEJ RADWAlQ'SKI

160). The spec<ifi.c name suessi, when. eS't:alblJished by DRlEGJER (18189) !WaS

!preoccupied by an UIW6l" Tr>iass.ic species, named idenrbicallly iIn .the same genw; (!) by STOPPIANU 018610--.65). It <was AiNDREAE (18193) who disoovered the case, and.

inrtrodu,oed the specw.c name dl/"eue'l'li iIlor the s.pedes es:baibLished by DRlEGER (see AN.DRlEAlE 18¹9!3, P. 16; DREGER 1911, 'P. 1~; MEiZlNiIDRJl'CS 1944, p. 1J.9~.

The 1d:ngulids of the marly-£ands memJber aa-e locaUy associated (OU- 'l'OWSK!l 1964) with the terebra.tuilid, Terebratula styriaca DRlEGER, which !i:s allso the only brachiopod species

r~port,ed

from .the T,ed-algal limestone.s (BAiRiCZYiK & PIOPIEL-BAROZYtK 1917'7, GU'DOWSKI 19

¹

84).

CIJIMATIC .AND BIOORO'WNOIA:L &1lGNLFlCANCE

All the Recent

~es

of the genUlS Di:scinisca DAJUL are regaroed as tropical (lOA V:1lDSOiN '185'1, 1888; D.AJJL 1871, 1920; THOMSOlN 1927;

MUIR-IWIOOD 1929; HERTLEIN & GRAlNT 1944). This generai state- ment matches we'll to the hitherto r,ecogni:zed tropical and/oT subtropical conditions prevailing during the development and sedimentary history of the Korytnica Basin (BAI:.UK & RADWANSKI 1967, 1977, 1979; RAD- WANSKI 1969; BALUK 1975).

A g, eneral resemblance orf the new species, Discinilsca polonica sp. n., to the Reeeni .species D. indica DALL and D. sieUa (GOULD) plus D. sparselineata DALL, D. keiensis JACKSON & STIASNY, and D. kamikatetuensis YABE 1& HATAI from the Indian Ocean and the Paclific

(cf.

GOULD 1660, REEVE 1862, DAlL!L 1920, M1Um..m<X>D 1929, YABE & RATAI 1935, JACKSON'& STIASNY 1937, HATAI & HAYA- SAKA 1965, COOPER 19713) CO!Ill!Pletes the List olf inver'telbraJte and vertebrate faunas which indicate close seaway COIIlnections between the Middle Mioeene (lBadenian) sea of southern and Central EU!l"ope and the coeval Indo-lPaciJfic

(cf.

RADWIANsKIJ 1975; BM:.!UlK. & RADWANSKJI

197'1, 1979, 1984).

Acknowledgements

The authOl"s ,orUer their most sincere 'tihanJk;; to Dr. G. A. COOlPlIDR, Nati.!ornal Museum of Natural Hii:sIbory (Smithsondan. InstiJtwtion) ID Washdlngoon:, full" va1uaJble infOrll11Ja,tions and amm;getne!llt of the sUiP,ply df oomparatwe materials 'Of. Disci.msca h.lJgII.tbTis (CONiRAlD) ;from tlbe M10cene

de!POSIiJts

of the Ullli1ted S$al1;es;

to

Dr.

O. 'SCHlJUI'iZ, Natu:ril.istoriIsches Mu.sewm in Vierma, for maIk!i'llg the hQ],o.tylpe material of Discinisca scutelZum (DREGER) easily accessible when studying the co1liect1o.n ;in VieIli!l:a; to Pr,of. Dr .. F. S'11EINrINGE!R, Lrmtit'lllte olf Pa:J.eorrrtolo,gy ·df tihe VliemJla Univl&1Sliity. for supplydng many valuable relference da.ta and malk'iIng an access to his LilbraJrY;to Pr:of. Dr. G. BlEERN]A!T, fLnsIt<iItulte of PaJedbior1Qgy 0If the Pollish Academy of Scd.ences in Warrsaw, and 1;10 Dr. E. IPIQPIEL-\8IAROZYiK, Museum cd the Earlth in Waa-SQW, for delii.very of otlher reference data a·nd alIso

(17)

mak:ll1g an access

to

their libraries; fhnally,

toO

Dr. A. V. DHONDT, IleparlmenJ!;

of PaJeon.tology of the K01Iinkliijk BeZgisch Instittu.ut voor Na:tu..'U:rwetemooa:plpe:n in Brussels, all'1d to Dr. iR. DOESCHiER, NatLoinall M1lSeu~ of Natural HistOtry (Smdthsonian Institutoon) in Washingtoo., fO[" kindJy surveying with xerox-copi,es

of some not easily ·avai.[able pruper:s.

Institute

of

GeoZogy

of

the University

of

^Warsaw,

AZ. Zwiriki i Wigury 93, 02-089 WW/"ISlZatWa, Poland

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