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AKRON, OHIO 44316

E n c l o s e d f o r y o u r i n f o r m a t i o n and r e f e r e n c e a r e s e v e r a l r e p o r t s on work The Goodyear T i r e and lUibber Company h a s done i n o u r s c r a p t i r e u t i l i z a t i o n prograia„ The r e p o r t s c o v e r the new G o o d y e a r m o d u l a r c o n s t r u c t e d , s i n k i n g and f l o a t i n g t y p e , s c r a p t i r e mat a h o r e - p r o t e c t i o n s t r u c t u r e s o T h e s e r e p o r t s w i l l b r i n g you up t o d a t e on t h e most r e c e n t d e v e l o p m e n t s i n o u r e f f o r t s t o f i n d new u s e s f o r o l d t i r e s , , We a r e c o n f i d e n t t h a t you w i l l f i n d t h e i n n o v a t i v e new a p p r o a c h e s d e s c r i b e d h e r e i n i n f o r m a t i v e and b e n e f i c i a l o The u s e o f the p r o p o s e d s c r a p t i r e s h o r e p r o t e c t i o n s t r u c t u r e s s h a l l be a t the s o l e r i s k and r e s p o n s i b i l i t y o f t h e u s e r w i t h no l i a b i l i t y o f any n a t u r e w h a t s o e v e r on t h e p a r t o f The G o o d y e a r T i r e and Rubber Company,, I n t h i s r e g a r d y o u r a t t e n t i o n i s d i r e c t e d t o the f o l l o w i n g i s s u e d U S P a t e n t s o f w h i c h we a r e a w a r e t h a t r e l a t e g e n a r a l l y t o t i r e s f o r u s e o t h e r t h a n on v e h i c l e s s 3p276p210a 3p728,;749., and 3^,848,85S„ Th© U n i v e r s i t y o f Rhode I s l a n d i s e v a l u a t i n g the f l o a t i n g t y p e s c r a p t i r o b r e a k w a t e r s t r u c t u r e s i n N a r r a g a n s e t t Day„ E a r l y p r o -t o -t y p e s w e r e r e p o r -t e d a s 80 p e r c e n -t e f f i c i e n -t i n wave s u p p r e s s i o n o . The new d e s i g n s a r e e x p e c t e d t o be even more e f f i c i e n t . , The U n i v e r s i t y w i l l p u b l i s h t h e r e s u l t s o f t h e e v a l u a t i o n a t t h e t e r = m i n a t i o n o f the study,, The U n i v e r s i t y o f M i c h i g a n i s e x p l o r i n g t h e u s e o f s c r a p t i r e s a s a po8slb]<} m a t e r i a l f o r the c o n s t r u c t i o n o f m a r i n e m a t s f o r c o a s t a l e r o s i o n c o n t r o l , , The U n i v e r s i t y ' s Department o f C i v i l E n g i n e e r i n g and C o a s t a l Zone L a b o r a t o r y a r e p r e s e n t l y d e s i g n i n g a s c r a p tir© e h o r e - p r o t o c t i o n s t r u c t u r e u t i l i s i n g t h e new G o o d y e a r m o d u l a r teat c o n s t r u c t i o n technique„ The r e s u l t s o f t h i s work w i l l be p u b l i s h e d i n an a n n u a l r e p o r t t i t l e d "Slioi-e E r o s i o n E n g i n e e r i n g D e m o n s t r a t i o n P r o j e c t s " , a l o n g w i t h s e v e r a l o t h e r e s i s t i n g e r o s i o n c o n t r o l d e m o n s t r a t i o n p r o -j e c t s w h i c h ar® c u r r e n t l y b e i n g s p o n s o r e d by t h e S t a t e o f M i c h i g a n Department o f N a t u r a l R e s o u r c e s ^ B u r e a u of Water Managements W a t e r Development S e r v i c e D i v i s i o n 5 and NOAA O f f i c e o f S e a Grant» D e p a r t -meat o f Conuaerceo

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The e f f e c t i v e n e f i s o f t h i s p r o j e c t w i l l be e v a l u a t e d and documented w i t h r e s p e c t t o s u c h f a c t o r s a s r e d u c t i o n of e r o s i o n r a t e s g oosts» c o n s t r u c t i o n d i f f i c u l t i e s and d u r a b i l i t y . The s c r a p t i r e c o n s t r u c t e d e r o s i o n d e v i c e s p r o p o s e d f o r e v a l u a -t i o n a r e i n n o v a -t i v e iow c o s -t s -t r u c -t u r e s a n d , i f p r o v e n e f f e c -t i v e , w i l l be a s i g n i f i c a n t a d v a n c e i n t h e d e s i g n of wave e n e r g y dis» s i p a t i n g s t r u c t u r e s o G r e a t sums a r e s p e n t a n n u a l l y i n t h e

U n i t e d S t a t e s by f e d e r a l ^ s t a t e , and m u n i c i p a l governments and p r i v a t e owners f o r s t r u c t u r e s d e s i g n e d t o p r e v e n t e r o s i o n damage

t o s e a - c o a a t s and l a k e s h o r e s . Many of t h e e x i s t i n g s t r u c t u r e s have f a i l e d due to s t r u c t u r a l i n a d e q u a c y , o r they h a v e d e t e r i o r a t e d t h r o u g h l a c k o f m a i n t e n a n c e b e c a u s e t h e y w e r e f u n c t i o n a l l y un^

sound or e c o n o m i c a l l y infeasible» a l l o f w h i c h t e s t i f i e s t o t h e need f o r . the d e v e l o p m e n t o f sound r e s e a r c h programs i n c o a s t a l . e n g i n e e r i n g and t h e d i s s e m i n a t i o n of th© t e c h n i c a l knowledge obtained,, We a t Goodyear hope t h a t o u r e f f o r t s a r e b e n e f i c i a l t o p e o p l e w i t h y o u r type o f c r e d e n t i a l s * f o r s u c c e s s w i l l o n l y come by a u n i t e d u n d e r t a k i n g o f t h i s t y p e o f program. I t i s n o t o u r i n t e n t t o d e s i g n s h o r e p r o t e c t i o n s t r u c t u r e s , . Our . o b j e c t i v e i s t o i n f o r m t h e d e s i g n e r s o f t h e s e s t r u c t u r e s t h a t i f t h e y u s e s c r a p t i r e s i n s t e a d o f t h e m a t e r i a l s t h e y a r e now u s i n g , t h e y w i l l produce a b e t t e r p r o d u c t , a t a r e d u c e d c o s t , and w i t h an i n c r e a s e d s e r v i c e l i f O o To t h i s e n d , we a r e p r e s e n t l y w o r k i n g w i t h a l l b e n e f i t s t o be r e c e i v e d b e i n g t u r n e d o v e r t o t h e public» We w o u l d l i k e t o t h a n k y o u i n a d v a n c e f o r y o u r c o o p e r a t i o n i n t h i s i m p o r t a n t p r o j e c t ^ and w i s h you e v e r y s u c c e s s i n y o u r e n d e a v o r s o V e r y t r u l y yours» S e c t i o n Head5 E n g i n e e r i n g R e s e a r c h R D C a n d l e

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AKRON, OHIO 44316

Df 1 concepts set forth herein

a r t ..lenretical, intended only for

academic purposes and not recom- S e p t e m b e r 30 1974 mended or proposed as engineering

specifications for practical application.

. TilE PUOPOSED GOODYEAR MODULAR MAT TYPE

By E D C a n d l e D R P i p e r

T h i s r e p o r t i s a c o n t i n u a t i o n o f and a s u p p l e m e n t t o t h e G o o d y e a r r e p o r t d a t e d A p r i l 9, 1 9 7 3 , on t h e same s u b j e c t , and by the same

The i n f o r m a t i o n r e p o r t e d ' h e r e i n i s a d e s c r i p t i o n o f d e s i g n parame= t e r s ( p r o p o s e d by t h e R e s e a r c h D i v i s i o n of The Goodyear T i r o and Rubber Company) o f numerous s c r a p t i r e f l o a t i n g b r e a k w a t e r b a r r i e r c o n c e p t s o The u s e of s u c h s c r a p t i r e b a r r i e r d e s i g n c o n c e p t s s h a l l be a t t h e s o l e r i s k and r e s p o n s i b i l i t y o f t h e u s e r w i t h o u t l i a b i l i t y o f any n a t u r e w h a t s o e v e r on t h e p a r t o f The Goodyear T i r e and Rubber Company„

I n t r o d u c t i o n ;

S c r a p t i r e s a r e p r o p o s e d a s a c o n s t r u c t i o n m a t e r i a l f o r b u i l d i n g l a r g e f l o a t i n g mat t y p e b r e a k w a t e r d e v i c e s o The Goodyear s c r a p t i r e f l o a t i n g b r e a k w a t e r a s s e m b l i e s a r e formed by s e c u r i n g to° g e t h e r m o d u l a r b u n d l e s o f t i g h t l y i n t e r l o c k e d s c r a p t i r o s w i t h h i g h s t r e n g t h ropOj,cable» o r s p e c i a l c o r r o s i o n r e s i s t a n t s t e e l rodSo T h i s c o n s t r u c t i o n p r o c e d u r e y i e l d s a n e a s i l y i n s t a l l e d , r e a d i l y a d a p t a b l e b r e a k w a t e r s t r u c t u r e w h i c h h a s h i g h e n e r g y a b s o r b i n g c a p a c i t y f o r n o r m a l l o a d i n g c o n d i t i o n s , , b u t w h i c h d e

-forms and y i e l d s when s u b j e c t e d t o o v e r l o a d s .

The p r o p o s e d d e s i g n s r e l y on a m o d u l a r b u n d l e c o n c e p t whore a r e l a t i v e l y few t i r e s a r e s e c u r e d t o g e t h e r t o fonsi a s m a l l , e a s i l y a s s e m b l e d , p o r t a b l e b u i l d i n g u n i t w h i c h s e r v e s a s a b a s i c b u i l d ¬ i n g b l o c k from w h i c h g i a n t b r e a k w a t e r d e v i c e s c a n be c o n s t r u c t e d . F l o t a t i o n i s p r o v i d e d by p l a c i n g a s m a l l amount o f b u o y a n t mater» i a l i n the c r o w n of e a c h t i r c p o r by f i l l i n g a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1 0 % o f the t i r e s w i t h b u o y a n t foaoo The d e s i g n p o s s i b i l i t i e s u s i n g s c r a p t i r e b u i l d i n g modules a r e v i r t u a l l y l i m i t l e s s o T i r e s may be l a c e d t o g e t h e r to form l a r g o

f l a t s i n g l e o r m u l t i p l e t h i c k n e s s s h a l l o w mats., They may be s t a c k e d v e r t i c a l l y i n s i n g l e o r m u l t i p l e t h i c k n e s s b u n d l e s l i k e b r i c k s i n a w a l l t o form c u r t a i n t y p e b a r r i e r s . V a r i a t i o n s i n b r e a k w a t e r d r a f t a r e made p o s s i b l e by a d d i n g modules above o r below t o v a r y t h e t h i c k n e s s and by c o m b i n i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n s s u c h a s h a n g i n g a c u r t a i n on a mat s t r u c t u r e . A l s o , mats w i t h v a r y -i n g buoyancy may be moored on an -i n c l -i n e f o r more e f f -i c -i e n t e n e r g y a b s o r p t i o n o

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T h i s r e p o r t w i l l c o v e r o n l y f l o a t i n g laat^ t y p e b r e a k w a t e r c.dncepts';. • P u l l scale.; t e s t i n g r e s u l t s to datfe u t i l i z ' i n g t h e mat t y p e s t : r i i c . ; ' t u r e s a^ce; ••availabto i n Dr K o w a l s k f e 1 9 7 4 r e p o r t on the U n i v e r s i t y of Hhode I s l a n d ' s e v a l u a t i o n o f the s c r a p t i r e breakwater»

A l l scrAp' .tire- b-reakwater c o n s t r u e s t i o n a ••gliould be. v e r y ©ff a c t i v e ' a s ene^-gy-;di's;sl:pat,ors b e c a u s e o f t h e p e r v i o u s ^ and f l e x i b l e - na-'' ' t u r e o f t h e modiil.offo The s c r a p t i r e . s are' i d e a l e n e r g y - a b s o r b i n g . components . They are> i n e x p e n s i v e -and n e a r l y non-destrue'tlbl9« • ' '. The s c r a p t i r e i s ; ' t h e b a s i c c o n s t r u c . t i o n component i n the propos.o^'' b r e a k w a t i e r ,das ignis, o The o b j e c t i v e ï & .to u s e t h i s b a s i c conpoaent' ' " a s i s " - • t o . ob;ta-i'n;.:snaxiniuia e c o n o m i c a l gain„ T i r e a l t e r a t i o n s sueh, ' a s d r i l - l i n g ^ .01^ p\i«ching h o l e s , choppin^.^... g r i n d i n g , o r c u t t i n g tta©^,: t i r e s i n t o ; p i e c e s ; a d d u a n e c e s s a r y ^ c o s ' t a ^to t h e f i a i s h e d br©a:toWt0r,:

• . • • • • ; • ' • •

The f l o a t i n g s c r a p t i r o mat c o n s t r u c t i o n s p r o p o s e d i n t h i s r e p o r t ' - ' a r e e x c l e l l e n t e x a m p l e s o f maximum o p t i m i z a t i o n i n u t i l i z i n g t h e ' ' r

t i r e s ; . i n ijthöiir ;"as i s " c o n d i t i o n , and,, t h e r e f o r e ^ r e s u l t I n vei^y • -econoinioal-;S. t r u e t u r e s w h i c h a r e very' r u g g e d l o n g l a s t i n g ^ ' • -They ar©. idXa^, c a p a b l e of b e i n g 'dom^ructQé w i t h s i m p l e hand % Ï O 1 ^ „ and re(||f3?^ no; «pecia^ h a n d l i n g equlpmento • ' ' :]''^'] The raodWlw typ,©, . C o n s t r u c t i o n t e c t ó q ü e a s . u t i l i s e d i n t h e p r t - • '^• p o s e d designs;». . f i r s t , . sinip-le f l o a t i n g m o d u l a r c o n s t r u c t i o n -Mo;©,k»;,i c o n s i s t i n g o f . 1 8 ' t i r e 3 5 are- asserabl.ed i n t o compact b u n d l e S o ' N e x ^ : ' t h e raodula.r ^iïïlts; oar© i n t e r c o n n e c t e d u s u a l l y i n t h e w a t e r , to'

-^^'^l'-form .th^: ;d:e.sXre'd-;breakit!ater mat d e s i g n o '.This r e q u i r e s two coü*. ' n e c t l n g t i r e s ^ , b r i n g i n g the t o t a l t i r e s ' u s e d pór. e a c h 7 ' x 6 1/2' module to; .20„; The modules c a n be I n t e r c o n n e c t e d t o form m a t s wi'-Éi' v e r y pos^,ous open g r i d s t r u c t u r e s o r c a n be i n t e r c o n n e c t e d v e r y ' • ? t i g h t l y Jtfompacted t o y i e l d a f l e x i b l e c l o s e d g r i d b l a n k e t t y i j e • '

s t r u c t u r e t o ' ; [ \ r , . • T •

The m a j o r co.ns.lde.ratipri on th® l e n g t h and' t h e s e a - t o - s h o r e dlnen=. s i o n s o f t h e . p r o p o s e d ' d e s i g n s w i l l be t h e p h y s i c a l l i m i t s o f t h e • -a c t u -a l -are-a, 'of .the' I n s t -a l l -a t i o n o ; ; ; : The f o l l o w i n g s k e t c h e s i l l u s t r a t e t h e m o d u l a r u n i t s , a s s e m b l y ' d e t a i l s , p r o p o s e d h a r d w a r e , and s e v e r a l o f t h e more p r o m i s i n g

a s s e m b l y configurations„ , ,

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TIIE PU OP OS Ei) GOODYEilli B A S I C SCilAP T I H E MODULAK CONSÏMUGTION UNIT • I n t e r l o c k i n g devices,, , may be s p e c i a l cor.ï^osion r e s i s t a n t s t e e l h a r d w a r e a s shown, o r h i g h s t r e n g t h ^ r o p e ^ e a b l a , o r s t r a p , w i t h p r o p e r fasteners'.o ;. .:. •

myuhAii UNIT SHOWN AS COMSTRUCTEB

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T Y P I C A L !iSSEMBLY DETAILS Ol'' TIIE GOODYEAHjJPEN G U I J MAT TYPE I . ; - - — CONSTUUCTED MODULAR UNITS

I n t e r c o n n e c t i n g d e v i c e s -may be r e g u l a r tir©s>,

or s p e c i a l f l o t a t i o n u n i t s c

The modular u n i t s may be o r i e n t e d in- e i t h e r t h e t r a n s v e r s e o r t h e l o n g i t u * d i n a l d i r e c t i o n of t h e b r e a k w a t e r .

I n t e r c o n n e c t i n g h a r d w a r e may be rOi)e9

c a b l e , o r s p e c i a l c o r r o s i o n r e s i s t a n t Ütool r o d a s sliowuo

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TYPICAL ASSEMÜLY D E T A I L S OF THE GOODYMU CLOSED GUID M>vT TYP

FLaATING BUEAlflvATEK U T I L I Z I N G TilE BASIC SCliAP T l i t E

CONSTUUCTED MODULAR UNITS

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NOTEl ; : T h i s b r e a k w a t e r may be - t e t l i e r e d i n e i t h e r d i r e c t ion„ The e l a s t i c i t y ' o f t h i s b r e a k w a t e r i s d i f f e r e n t I K ööch d i r e c t i o n ; . : ' NÖTEl (Sarae, a s a b o v e )

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PROPOSED ASSEMBLY CONFICUHATIUNS (CONTINUED) NOTES T h i s b r e a k w a t e r may be t e t h e r e d i n e i t h e r d i r e c t i o n . The • e l a s t i c i t y o f t h i s b r e a k w a t e r I s . thevsame i n e a c h d i r e c t i o n ; . J •• {$aiaei' a s a b o v e ) A l s o a i t i s p o s s i b l e t o c o n s t r u c t a b r e a l c w a t e r w i t h d i f f e r e n t 'elas-; t i c i t y . c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s by rev'ers,-• i n g t h e m o d u l a r b u n d l e d i r e c t i o n i n ©ach o f t h e i l l u s t r a t e d c o n f i g u r a t i o n s o

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NOTE:

T h i s breato.-otor may be t e t h e r e d i n e i t h e r d i r e c t i o n . , The e l a s -t i c i -t y o f -t h i s b r e a k w a -t e r i s d i f f e r e n t i n e a c h d i r e c t i o n . ,

OPEN ÜUIJ> ALTEHNATING M I» . i > l H E C ^ ! m M . IWIW^

NOTE :

T h i s bl-oak-jater may be t e t h e r e d i n e i t h e r direction„ The e l a s -t i c i -t y o f -t h i s b r e a k w a -t e r i s t h e same i a c-aoh d i r e c t i o n .

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PllOPOSED ASSIiMJLY liAE.WAIiE AND FLOTATION D E V I C E S I n t e r l o c k i n g D e v i c e - 2 r e q u i r e d p e r module

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1 5 " T Y P I C A L FLOTATION PROVISIONS - F l o t a t i o n m a t e r i a l p l a c e d i a t h e crown o f e a c h s c r a p t i r e a s shown„ M a t e r i a l may be r l ^ i d o r f l e x i b l e foams, s o r a i r t i g h t p l a s t i e o r r u b b e r o n c l o s u r e s o S P E C I A L FLOTATION PJ{;)VISIONS The c o l o r f u l o u t e r s h e l l may be Molded f i b e r g l a s s , , p l a s t i c e otCo The i n n e r c o r e nay be buoyant fonicp b a l s o woocio a i r t , etCo

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The b a s i c 20 t i r e u n i t s a s a s s e m b l e d w e i g h a p p r o x i m a t e l y 500 l b s ? when p l a c e d i n the w a t e r t h e y w e i g h o n l y a b o u t 2 0 % of 500 l b s o r

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An o l d a u t o t i r e when p l a c e d i n the water v e r t i c a l l y t r a p s a l l -i n t h e c r o w n . p o r t -i o n of t h e t o r o u s shaped,carcass« T h -i s t r a p p e d a i r p r o v i d e s a- b u o y a n t f o r c e s u f f i c i e n t t o s u p p o r t t h e w e i g h t o f t h e immersed t i r e , p l u s 10 a d d i t i o n a l poundso' T h e r e f o r e , a b u n d l e o f 20' t i r e s p r o v i d e s a buoyant f o r c e s u f f i c i e n t t o s u p p o r t t h e immersed w e i g h t o f t h e t i r e s p l u s 200 pounds a d d i t i o n a l mass Our f u l l s c a l e t e s t i n g program h a s d e m o n s t r a t e d t h a t t h i s t r a p p e d a i r doos p r o v i d e more than adecjuate. i i n i f orm buoyance f o r t h e • b a s i c nsqdular c o n s t r u c t i o n units„ ' But i t i s o n l y a m a t t e r o f ' tirae ttéfdre t h e t r a p p e d a i r w i l l be d i s s o l v e d i n t o t h e w a t e r l -and tjiéri the . u n i t s w i l l s i n k . T h e r e f o r e ^ t o p r o v i d e l a s t i n g

u n i f o r m ; f l o t : a t i o n - i t i s n e c e s s a r y ^ t h a t permanent f l o t a t i o n raster^ i a l be p l a c e d i n e a c h tire» T y p i c a l f l o t a t i o n m a t e r i a l s are'

r i g i d urethane, o r p o l y s t y r e n e foatas,, c l o s e d c e i l f l e x i b l e foams® ' o r a i r t i g h t e n c l o s u r e s s u c h as- p l a s t i c b a g s o f a i r , blow molded p o l y e t h y l e n e f l o a t s , e t c . M a t e r i a l s , w i t h a b u o y a n c y e q u i v a l e n t . t o t h e t r a p p e d a i r volume and p o s i t i o n e d i n t h e same c r o w n pio'si— t i o n w i l l : do t h e ,j.ob n i c e l y . • " • :

The compl'e'teiy u n i f o n a f l o t a t i o n p r o v i d e d by t l i i s t e c h n i q u e i s a e s t h e t i c a M y p l e a s i n g , and w i l l f a c i l i t a t e i n t e r c o n n e c t i n g the-u n i t s I'a t h e w a t e r o The i n d e p e n d e n t f l o t a t i o n of e a c h the-u n i t pro--.' v i d e s a very, s t a b l e i n s t a l l a t i o n , a n d "the i n t e r c o n n e c t i n g h a r d -ware i s . u t i l i s e d w i t h maximum e f f iöienoyV

I f desired^.. Jthe buoyancy o f t h e uïiits may be v a r i e d by s e l e c t i v e ' p l a e e m e n t ••oï th^e b u o y a n t materials.;-. F o r i n s t a l l a t i o n where a e s H t h e t i c s a r e n o t 'ah i i a p o r t a n t factor.?, i t . raay be wore ©conomical

to p l a c e . a l l -of t h e b u o y a n t mater ial-' i n o n l y 2 o f ;th© .30-'.tires- .in t h e bas ic''modular ' c o n s t r u c t i o n uö.its«. A s c r a p t i r e c o m p l e t e l y .' f i l l e d w i t h fo.am has a l i f t o f 100 I b s ^ i i s i n g two foamed t i r e s p e r module, y i e l d s , a minimum b u o y a n c y f o r c e t h a t i s a t le'ast'' t w i c e a s l a r g e a s i s n e c e s s a r y f©r f l o a t a t i o n o f the modul'e'o . ' ' ' An o r d i n a r y - t i r e tube may be s u b s t i t u t e d f o r t h e foam t o s i m p l i f y '

i n s t a l l a t i o n o ' ^ •;•

-F o r in'stailaticaas. whoro a e s t h e t i c s a r e most i m p o r t a n t , b u o y a n c y may be p r o v i d e d a t t h e i n t e r c o n n e c t i n g modulW p o i n t s by u s e o f a e s -t h e -t i c a l l y p l e a s i n g s p e c i a l d e s i g n e d f l o a -t s ' ^ ( n o -t foam f i l l e ^ t i r e s ) . T h i s w i l l p o s i t i o n t h e b u l k o f the t i r o u n i t s s l i g h t l y below t h e w a t e r s u r f a c e , out of s i g h t , b u t i n an i d e a l p o s i t i o n to a t t e n u a t e wave energy„ The t i r e s may a l s o be p a i n t e d w i t i ^ a l a t e x o r u r e t h a n e b a s e d p a i n t f o r improved a e s t h e t i c appearance» The f o l l o w i n g s k e t c h e s i l l u s t r a t e a few of the many v a r i a t i o n s

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-11 ' T O I C A L PROPOSED PLACE^ffiNTS M ^ m O T A T M „ M M I C E S S p e c i a l b u o y a n t i n t e r ¬ c o n n e c t i n g d e v i c e s * Thie d e v i c e s may be c o n s t r u c t e d w i t h r e i n f o r c e d f i b e r g l a s s o r p l a s t i c t o p r o v i d e t h e r e q u i r e d 1 0 y e a r l i f e o ; ' ' o f b u o y a n t m a t e r i a l i n t h e crown of e a c h t i r e p r o v i d e s c o m p l e t e l y u n i -form i d e a l buoyancy„ A l s o , any two s y m e t r l e a l l y l o o a t o d t i r e s c o m p l e t e l y f i l l e d w i t h foam W i l l ^ p r o v i d e a d e q u a t e buoy-a n c y f o r t h e e n t i r e b u n d l e , •••

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" 1 2

-T h e l e n g t h and w i d t h o f t h e p r o p o s e d a s s e m b l e d f l o a t i n g m o d u l a r mat b r e a k w a t e r s may bo v a r i e d a s ' d e s i r e d ^ The p r o p o s e d m o d u l a r u n i t s may a l s o be I n t e i ' c o n n e c t e d I n t h e t h i c k n e s s d i m e n s i o n ( d r a f t ) o f the breakwater» T h e r e f o r e , u t i i i a i r i g t h e p r o p o s e d b a s i c m o d u l a r c o n s t r u c t i o n components, one c a n a s s e m b l e t h e f l o a t i n g b r e a k w a t e r s w i t h any v a r i a t i o n i n d r a f t d o s i r e d o The propOSod 20 t i r e b a s i c m o d u l a r u n i t s f l o a t w i t h 6" e x p o s e d a b o v e t h e w a t e r and a 24" d r a f t w i t h u n i f o r m b u o y a n t m a t e r i a l i n t h e c r o w n o f e a c h tire» C.o"siderat^i,on:

The b a s i c modular c o n s t r u c t i o n components a s p r o p o s e d have e q u a l l o a d c a r r y i n g c a p a c i t i e s i n b o t h d i r e c t i o n s <, But t h e e l o n g a t i o n s d i f f e r i n e a c h d i r e c t i o n o They have a maximum e l o n g a t i o n o f 4 5 % i n t h e l o n g i t u d i n a l d i r e c t i o n , and 30% i n the t r a n s v e r s e direötion. I t s h o u l d be n o t e d t h a t t h e s e maxlmurn e l o n g a t i o n s o n l y o c c u r u n d e r e x t r e m e l y h i g h l o a d i n g c o n d i t i o n s , and t h a t the modules do r e t u r n t o t h e i r normal s h a p e u n d e r no l o a d c o n d i t i o n s w l t h no permanent d e f o r m a t i o n resulting„

The modules raay be i n t e r c o n n e c t e d i n a l l d i r e c t i o n s . T h i s a l l o w s one t o o r i e n t e a c h module i n any d i r e c t i o n d e s i r e d when a s s e m b l -i n g t h e b r e a k w a t e r . T h e r e f o r e , -i t I s p o s s -i b l e t o a s s e m b l e t h e modules i n s u c h a manner a s t o t a k e a d v a n t a g e o f t h e i r d i f f e r e n c e

i n e l o n g a t i o n c h a r a c t e r i s t i c o By a l t e r n a t i n g the d i r e c t i o n of a d j a c e n t modules one c a n a v e r a g e the e l o n g a t i o n s and, t h e r e f o r e , d e s i g n a mat w i t h e q u a l e l o n g a t i o n s i n e a c h d i r e c t i o n , o r i f

d e s i r e d one c a n U n i f o r m i l y o r i e n t a l l the modules and p r o d u c e a mat w i t h 455^^ e l o n g a t i o n i n one d i r e c t i o n and 'óO% i n the o t h e r . T h i s l o a d v s e l o n g a t i o n c h a r a c t e r i s t i c of t h e b a s i c module u n i t a d d s f u r t h e r t o t h e v e r s a t i l i t y i n d e s i g n i n g the s c r a p t i r e mat

t y p e f l o a t i n g b r e a k w a t e r s .

U t i l i z i n g t h e m o d u l a r c o n s t r u c t i o n c o n c e p t , one c a n d e s i g n b r e a k w a t e r s i n n e a r l y any shape and s i z e d e s i r e d . The s h a p e s i l l u s

-t r a -t e d i n -t h i s r e p o r -t a r e o n l y r e p r e s e n -t a -t i v e o f -t h e many p o s s i b l e d e s i g n s , The b r e a k w a t e r d e s i g n e r i s u r g e d t o u s e t h i s r e p o r t a s a g u i d e o n l y , and to f r e e l y combine any o f t h e s h a p e s and c o n

f i g u r a t i o n s shown t o c o n s t r u c t a b r e a k w a t e r w i t h t h e s h a p e r e q u i r e -ments t o s a t i s f y e a c h i n d i v i d u a l I n s t a l l a t i o n ,

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B u i K l l e S i z e = 7» w i d e x 6 1/2' l o n g x 2 1/2» t h i c k . B u n d l e W e i g h t a öOO pounds M a t e r i a l D e s c r i D t i o n Q u a n t i t y • C o s t E a c h C o s t S c r a p T i r e s 18 .15 $ 2o70 Foam F i l l e d S c r a p T i r e s 2 4,00 8,00 I n t e r l o c k i n g H a r d w a r e 2 18,50 .37 ,00 Asscffibly L a b o r 2/3 h r 12,00 8.00 C o s t t o p r o v i d e m o d u l a r b u n d l e s u b - a s s e m b l y $55«70 I n t e r c o n n e c t i n g Hardware 2 14,00 28.00 I n s t a l l a t i o n L a b o r 2/3 hr* 12,00 8,00 C o s t t o A s s e m b l e and I n s t a l l Modular U n i t $ 9 1 . 7 0 A r e a c o v e r a g e c o s t = 9 1 , 7 0 ^ 7,0 x 6,5 = $ 2 , 0 0 p e r s q f t . a ) E s t i m a t e d c o s t t o i n s t a l l a c l o s e d g r i d m o d u l a r mat t y n e s c r a n t i r e f l o a t i n g b r e a k w a t e r w h i c h h a s a 30 f e e t s h o r e - t o - s e a d i m e n s i o n i s 30 x 2,00 = $60,00 p e r l i n e a r f o o t , b ) E s t i m a t e d c o s t to i n s t a l l an open g r i d m o d u l a r mat t y p e s c r a n t i r e f l o a t i n g b r e a k w a t e r w h i c h h a s a 3 0 f e e t s h o r e - t o - s e a ' d i m e n s i o n and a 7 by 6 1/2 f e e t open g r i d s t r u c t u r e i s 30 X 2,00 -i^ 2 =. $30opO p e r l i n e a r f o o t , NOTES • E s t i m a t e d c o s t s do n o t i n c l u d e m o o r i n g l i n e s and a n c h o r i n c cost®, t ^ ; A l s o , e s t i m a t e d c o s t s do i n c l u d e c o s t l y c o r r o s i o n r e s i s t a n t s t e e l i n t e r l o c k i n g h a r d w a r e . I f r o p e o r c a b l e a r e u s e d , t h e h a r d w a r e c o s t s c a n be r e d u c e d by one h a l f o r more.

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(18)

AKRON, OHIO 44316

Design concepts set forth herein are theoretical, intended only for academic purposes and not recom-mended or proposed as engineering specifications for practical application.

SUBJECT: C o s t E s t i m a t e t o F u r n i s h and I n s t a l l t h e P r o p o s e d Goodyear M o d u l a r Mat . T i r e S c r a p T i r e F l o a t i n g B r e a k w a t e r . . i n t / i o d u c t i o n ; T h e r e i s a n e e d f o r e f f e c t i v e , low c o s t , m o b i l e f l o a t i n g b r e a k -w a t e r d e v i c e s f o r l a k e s , r i v e r s and o c e a n s o P o s s i b l e l o c a t i o n s f o r s u c h d e v i c e s i n c l u d e h a r b o r s , m a r i n a s , swimming a r e a s and s h o r e e r o s i o n areas„ Our p r e l i m i n a r y r e s e a r c h h a s i n d i c a t e d t h a t s i m p l e m o d u l a r bun-d l e s o f s c r a p t i r e s , p r o p e r l y a e o u r e bun-d t o g e t h e r w i l l form e a s i l y • i n s t a l l e d , r e a d i l y a d a p t a b l e f l o a t i n g b r e a k w a t e r b a r r i e r s . The s c r a p t i r e s a r e i d e a l e n e r g y a b s o r b i n g c o m p o n e n t s . They a r e i n e x p e n s i v e and n e a r l y n o n - d e s t r u c t i v e o The most e f f i o i o n t method of p a c k a g i n g t h e s e components I s u t i l i z e d by s i m p l y l a s h

-i n g them t o g e t h e r w -i t h b a n d s -i p torts-i^»»

T a b l e o f c o s t s t o f u r n i s h and i n s t a l l « »>&iig-ie , tire.clep,tii^',s.opö» • g r i d , mat t y p o s c r a p l ^ i r o f l o a t i n g b r e a k w a t e r a p p r o x i m a t e l y 26» w i d e , " • .. , ' L e n g t h 600 500 400 300 P & I • ( M a n - l l o u r s ) 600 500 • 400 300 M a t e r i a l C o s t s f o r J t r u e t i o n s 5 Jr hvxo $ 1 2 ^ 0 0 0 10,000 8,000 0,000 20 $ 1 8 , 0 0 0 I S p 0 0 0 12,000 9,000 $ 3 0 , 0 0 0 25,000 2 0 0 0 0 0 15,000 E x a m p l e : A b r e a k w a t e r 6 0 0 f e e t . l o n g : f V < i w i t h a l i f e e x p e c t a n c y @ t 20 y e a r s w i l l r e q u i r e 600 man-hours l a b o r and m a t e r i a l o o s t s o f $30,000„ A l t e r n a t i v e l y , t h e same 600 f e e t l o n g b r e a k w a t e r c o n s t r u c t e d w i t h m a t e r i a l s h a v i n g a l i f e e x p e c t a n c y o f o n l y f i v e y e a r s , w i l l r e ° q u i r e 600 man-hours l a b o r and w a t e r l a l c o s t s o f $ 1 2 , 0 0 0 ,

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4

The b r e a k w a t e r would be o c a i s t r u c t e d from s c r a p t i r e s , p a r t i a l l y f o a m - f i l l e d and f a s t e n e d t o g e t h e r t o form modules o f 18 t i r e s e a c h , s i m i l a r t o t h o s e d e s c r i b e d i n the a c e o a p a u y i n i - r e p o r t s o A t o t a l o f 344 modules would be f a s t e n e d t o g e t h e r w i t h a p p r o p r i a t e h a r d w a r e i n a c o n f i g u r a t i o n f o u r u n i t s w i d e and 86 u n i t s longo The b r e a k w a t e r would be moored t o the l a k e bottom by u s i n g 28 dead w e i g h t c o n c r e t e a n c h o r s w i t h c a b l e s a t t a c h e d on the s e a w a r d ' s i d e and 28 c a b l e s and s m a l l e r a n c h o r s on t h e &hoi:e\o.tiré s i d e o f t h e b r e a k w a t e r n See F f g u r e lo¬ W t i r e b u n d l e w i t h i n t e r l o c k i n g h a r d w a r e A n c h o r Conne©,tin|.i; t i r e s a n d h'ard"-,»!arö s id© L i g h t A n c h o r S?iorewBrd s i d e Mooring lia® FïiXldE Ï

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The p r o p o s e d c o n s t r u c t i o n m a t e r i a l s and t e c h n i q u e s a r e a s f o l l o w s ! l o P a r t i a l l y foam f i l l m m s c r a p t i r e s u s i n g 4 0 0 oo ( a b o u t 1 l b ) o f two-component l i q u i d r i g i d u r e t h a n e foam m i x t u r e p o u r e d i n t o t h e b o t t e a o f e a c h t i r e . , w i t h t h e t i r e s u p p o r t e d i n a n u p r i g h t p o s i t 1 o n p Ji 20:1 e x p a n s i o n r a t i o f o a n w i l l p r o v i d e a b o u t 1 3 l b s o f buoyancy i n e a c h tir«„ 2 o Cons'truet 3 4 4 » 1 8 t i r e m o d u l e s X / 2 ' x 7 » ) u s i n g two i a i e r -l o o k i n g g a -l v a n i z e d s t e e -l "U" b o -l t a s s e m b -l i e s w i t h p -l a t e s and n u t s t o f a s t e n t h e t i r e s t o g e t h e r . A l i g n t h e t i r e s s o a l l foam i s o r i e n t e d on t o p s i d e o f t h e moduleso 3„ I f i t i s d e s i r e d t o p a i n t i h e top s e c t i o n (foamed a r e a ) o f t h e b r e a k w a t e r , i t s h o u l d be done b e f o r e i n s t a l l i n g t h e m o d u l e s i n t h e water„ One jnethod i n v o l v e s d i p p i n g t h e t i r e i n t o a pan o f p a i n t b e f o r e a s s e m b l i n g i n t h e moduleso The o t h e r t e c h n i q u e i s t o s p r a y o r b r u s h p a i n t t h e top o f t h e n o d u l e s a f t e r a s s e m b l y o I f a u r e t l i a n e p a i n t i s u s e d , t h e t i r e s must bo p r e p a r e d f i r s t o L a t e x , aluminum o r u r e t h a n e p a i n t s a r e p o s s i b l e c a n d i d a t e s f o r m a r i n e a p p l i c a t i o n s ^ but l i f e and d u r a b i l i t y i n t h e w a t e r h a s n o t be.en t e s t e d o

4o A s s e m b l e the f o u r modules w i d e by 8b modules l o n g b r e a k w a t e r by i n t e r c o n n e c t i n g t h e modules u s i n g s i n g l e t i r e s and t h e "U" b o l t hardwareo I f p o s s i b l e g s e t s o f two o r f o u r m o d u l e s w h i c h f o r m t h e w i d t h d i m e n s i o n might be ^ r e a s s e m b l e d on d r y l a n d a n d t h e n r o l l e d i n t o t h e w a t e r t o c o n n e c t w i t h o t h e r s e t s o An a l t e r n a t i v e t o t h i s a s s e m b l y t e c h n i q u e i s t o connect, a l l t h e s i n g l e m o d u l e s t o g e t h e r i n t h e water« 5„ P o s i t i o n t h e a s s e m b l e d b r e a k w a t e r and t e t h e r i n p o s i t i o n ^ u s -i n g dead w e -i g h t c o n c r e t e a n c h o r s a t t a c h e d t o t h e b r e a k w a t e r w i t h g a l v a n i z e d s t e e l m o o r i n g lines„ P r o p o s e d m o o r i n g p o s i t i o n s w o u l d be l o c a t e d on t h e s e a w a r d and s h o r e w a r d s i d e s ^ s t a r t i n g a a t t h e s e c o n d b u n d l e from t h e end and e v e r y t h i r d

I t i s f e l t t h a t a minimum o f 28 h e a v y a n c h o r s on t h e s e a w a r d edge and 2 8 l i g h t e r a n c h o r s on t h e s h o r e w a r d s i d e s h o u l d p r o v e adequate» However, we have l i t t l e e x p e r i e n c e i n a n c h o r i n g t h i s p a r t i c u l a r b r e a k w a t e r d e s i g n , and i t may be n e c e s s a r y t o i n s t a l l a d d i t i o n a l a n c h o r s i f t h e b r e a k w a t e r i s f o u n d t o move from i t s o r i g i n a l p o s i t i o n .

(21)

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The m a j o r c o s t s a r e i n t h e h a r d w a r e and foam components» The c o s t s c a n be r e d u c e d i f s h o r t e r l i f e e x p e c t a n c y m a t e r i a l s a r e s e l e c t e d , A o I f 3 / 8 " 6 X 1 9 g a l v s t e e l c a b l e and c a b l e c l i p s a r e s u b s t i t u t e d f o r 3 / 4 " r o d a s s e m b l i e s q u o t e d i n i t e m s 3 ) a n d 4 ) i 3 ) T o t a l c o s t o f i n t e r l o c k i n g h a r d w a r e = C a b l e X 6 1 9 2 f t x $ « 3 0 / f t « $ 1 8 5 8 C l i p s « 2 7 6 2 c l i p s X $ ^ 6 0 e a « 1 6 5 2 , C o s t = $ 3 5 1 0 C a b l e » 5 3 8 2 f t X $ o 3 0 / f t « $ 1 6 1 5 C l i p s « 2 3 9 2 c l i p s X $ , 6 0 e a » 1 4 3 6 C o s t » $ 3 0 5 1 o r t o t a l c o s t i t e m s 3 ) & 4.) « $ 6 5 6 1 '

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1 »5= B „ I f 2 6 5 l b c o n c r e t e p a r k i n g bumpers w i t h e y e b o l t s a n d n u t s a r e s u b s t i t u t e d f o r i t e m s 8 ) and 9 ) s 8 ) T o t a l c o s t « 2 bumper» x 28 x $ 1 0 ea « $ 5 6 0 9 ) T o t a l c o s t » 1 bumper x 2 8 x $ 1 0 e a « $ 2 8 0 C o I f 4 0 l b c o n c r e t e b l o c k s w i t h l / 2 « g a l v a n i z e d s t r a n d c a b l e s a r e s u b s t i t u t e d f o r i t e m s 8 ) and 9 ) s 8 ) T o t a l c o s t = 1 3 b l o c k s x $ „ 4 2 e a x 2 8 <= $ 1 5 3 1 4 » c a b l e X $ o 3 5 / f t x 2 8 « 1 3 7 3 c l i p s X $ . 9 0 e a X 2 8 = 7 6 T o t a l c o s t $ 3 6 6 9 ) T o t a l c o s t = 7 b l o c k s x $ o 4 2 e a x 2 8 = $ 8 3 1 0 f c a b l e X $ , 3 5 / f t x 2 8 = 98 3 c l i p s X $ c 9 0 ©a X 2 8 = 7 6 T o t a l c o s t $ 2 6 7 R D C a n d l e ^ S e c t i o n Head R E P a y n e ph Typedg 1 0 / 1 / 7 4 E n g i n e e r i n g R e s e a r c h • RESEARCH D I V I S I O N

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uesign concepts set Tonn nerein are theoretical, intended only for academic purposes and not

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specifications for practical application, S e p t e m b e r 30^ 1974

by E D C a n d l e W J n s c h e r The f o l l o w i n g i s a p r o c e d u r e f o r t h e f a b r i c a t i o n o f a g e n e r a l p u r p o s e s i n k i n g m a r i n e s c r a p t i r e mat f o r u s e a s an e r o s i o n c o n t r o l d e v l o e o S c r a p t i r e s a r e t h e main c o n s t r u c t i o n m a t e r i a l f o r b u i l d i n g t h e s e l a r g e m a r i n e mat t y p e struetures» Modular b u n d l e C o y s t r u o t l o n : The b a s 1 0 d e s i g n s r e l y on a modular b u n d l e c o n c e p t w h e r e a r e l a t i v e l y few t i r e s a r e s e c u r e d t o g e t h e r t o form a s m a l l , e a s i l y a s s e n -b l e d , p o r t a -b l e -b u i l d i n g u n i t e The Goodyear S c r a p T i r o M a r i n e Mats a r e formed by s e c u r i n g t o g e t h e r t h e m o d u l a r u n i t s a s shown i n F i g u r e s 1 and 2o T h i s c o n s t r u c t i o n p r o c e d u r e y i e l d s a n e a s i l y i n s t a l l e d * r e a d i l y a d a p t a b l e s t r u c t u r e w h i c h h a s h i g h e n e r g y a b s o r b i n g c a p a c i t y f o r n o r m a l l o a d i n g c o n d i t i o n s , but w h i c h deforms and y i e l d s when s u b -J e e t e d t o o v e r l o a d s ,

m t e r l a c k H i K and I n t e r c o n n e c t i n g H a r d w a r e : «alvftnized Uod T y p e ;

The s c r a p t i r e modulc^s a r e f a b r i c a t e d by i n t e r l o c k i n g t h e worn-out t i r e s t o form a c o m p a c t bundle» "U" b o l t t y p e d e v i c e s a s shotvn i n F i g u r e 3 may be u s e d t o i n t e r l o c k t h e tires» A 3/4" d i a m e t e r s t e e l r o d i s b e n t I n t o a 4Z 1/3" l o n g by 15" wide "U" b o l t c o n f i g u r a t i o n w i t h ö» l o n g t h r e a d e d ends t o f o n n t h e i n

-t e r l o c k i n g hardware» A l l s -t e e l componen-ts a r e d o u b l e g a l v a n i z e d • t o provl«« maximum c o r r o s i o n r e s i s t a n c e , The i n t e r c o n n e c t i n g ' •. h a r d w a r e i s i d e n t i c a l : t o t h e i n t e r l o c k i n g "U" b o l t s e x c e p t t h a t • t h ^ y a r e o n l y 22 1/2" l o n g . Two i n t e r c o n n e c t i n g and two i n t e r - ' l o o k i i i g "U" b o l t a a r e r e q u i r e d f ^ T e a c h b u n d l e assembly., ' . '

Tim "U" W i t t y p e i n t e r l o d r l r i f g d e v i c e s u s e d i n the b u n d l e w o d u l e * raay be r e p l a c e d w i t h h i g h s t r e n g t h s t a i n l e s s o r g a l v a n i z e d w i r e r o p e i n some a p p l i c a t i o n s w h i c h do n o t r e q u i r e t h e added s t r e n g t h and l o n g l i f e o f t h e 3/4 d i a m e t e r s t e e l r o d s . Two n i n e f o o t . '' l e n g t h s o f c a b l e a r e r e q u i r e d t o i n t e r l o c k t h e t i r e s i n t o t h e m o d u l a r b u n d l e , and two s i x f o o t l e n g t h s e r e r e q u i r e d t o i n t e r -oo»p©et t h e b u n d l e s t o form the met a s s e m h l i e S o ISach c a b l e

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«2-r e q u i «2-r e s two c a b l e o l l p S o T h e s e s c «2-r a p t i «2-r e «2-raoUules a «2-r e c a p a b l e of b e i n g c o n s t r u c t e d w i t h s i m p l e hand t o o l s , and r e q u i r e no s p e c i a l h a n d l i n g e q u i p m e n t . C a b l e s i z e s u p t o 3/8" d i a m e t e r may be usedo

S y n t h e t i c rope may be u s e d f o r l i g h t duty and s h o r t l i f e e x -p e c t a n c y I n s t a l l a t i o n s , Many t y -p e s o f s y n t h e t i c r o -p e s u c h a s • n y l o n , D a c r o n , p o l y p r o p y l e n e , and p o l y e t h y l e n e a r e s u i t a b l e f o r m a r i n e a p p l i c a t i o n s , B u t , due to t h e a b r a s i v e n a t u r e o f t h e s c r a p t i r e m a t s , t h e s e r v i c e l i f e o f t h i s t y p e o f a s s e m b l y may A n o t h e r p o s s i b i l i t y i s t o bond t h e t i r e b u n d l e s w i t h h i g h s t r e n g t h r e i n f o r o e d p l a s t i c o r m e t a l s t r a p s o T h i s method would o n l y b e . recommended f o r l i g h t d u t y , o r p r o t o t y p e a s s e m b l i e s due t o t h e low s t r e n g t h and t h e s h o r t s e r v i c e l i f e o f t h e b a n d s and t h e f a s t e n e r s t h a t h o l d themo • '•

The t y p e o f I n t e r l o c k i n g h a r d w a r e w h i c h i s u s e d I n t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n of t h e G o o d y e a r S c r a p T i r e M a r i n e Mat w i l l be d e p e n d e n t upon t h e d e s i r e d s t r e n g t h and e x p e c t e d s e r v i c e | l f e o f t h e i n s t a l l s t i o n . The e s t i m a t e d b r e a k i n g s t r e n g t h o f e a c h i n t e r l o c k e d t i r e module i s a b o u t 2 4 , 0 0 0 pound)$c i n b o t h t h e l o n g t t u t i l n a l and t r a n s v e r s e dtreo*;; t i o t t S o T h i s f i g u r e i s c a l c u l a t e d by u s i n g t h e t i r e b e a d b r e a k i n g s t r o ^ S t h . An e q u i v a l e n t s t r e n g t h i n t h e I n t o r l o o k i n g h a r d w a r e w o u l d p r o v i d e an optimum p e r f o r m a n c e , b u t may n o t be n e c e s s a r y f o r a l l applléationso . ' • . F o o t e r s w h i c h s h o u l d be t e k e n i n t o oönsïderatton when s e l e c t i n g h a r d w a r e a r e s e r v i c e l i f e , m a l n t e n a n o e r e q u i r e m e n t s , i n s t a l l a t i o n , l o c u t i o n and o v e r a l l mat s i z e . The d e s i g n e n g i n e e r on e a c h p r o j e c t m u s t s e l e c t t h e roost e c o n o m i c a l c o m b i n a t i o n o f c o n s t r u c t i o n compon-e n t s t o b compon-e s t s u i t thcompon-e p a r t i c u l a r r compon-e q u i r compon-e m compon-e n t s o f t h compon-e s i t o o

The number o f tire© ^ « q u i r e d f o r c o n s t r u ' < j t i o n o f t h e G o o d y e a r S c r a p T i r e Mot may e a s i l y be c a l c u l a t e d if t h e f i n a l mot s i z e i s known. E a c h o f t h e s c r a p t i r e b u i l d i n g b l o c k o o d u l e s r e q u i r e s e i g h t e e n s c r a p t i r e s w i t h two c o n n e c t i n g t i r e s w h i c h g i v e s a t o t a l o f

t w e n t y t i r e s p e r u n i t . E a c h b u n d l e module w i l l m e a s u r e a p p r o x i - . ' n w t e l y 6 1 / 2 f e e t w i d e hy T f e f t l o n g when s t a n d a r d 1 4 a n d 15 i n c h t i r e s a r e .uspü» The r e s u l t i n g a r e a c o v e r a g e f o r t h e e l o s e d g r i d

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mat c o n s t r u c t i o n a s shown i n F i g u r e 5 i s a b o u t 4 5 1/2 s q u a r e f e e t p e r bundl^.0 F o r a n open -grid mat d e s i g n s u c h a s shown i n F i g u r e t h e number o f t i r e s w o u l d b e r e d u c e d by one h a l f o r t e n t i r e s Ut ©v«ry 48 1/2 s q u a r e f e e t , o f öoveroge„ . I t w i l l be n e c e s s a r y t o p r o v i d e v e n t i l a t i o n hole» i n the t i r e s f o r a p p l i c a t i o n s where t h e mats a r e i n s t a l l e d on t h e l a k e o r o c e a n f l o o r , A s i n g l e 2" d i a m e t e r o r l a r g e r h o l e i n t h e t r e a d o f e a c h t i r e i$ recommended t o a l l o w t r a p p e d a i r t o e s c a p e , Th® t i r e s must be o r i e n t e d a t a s s e m b l y • s u c h t h a t t h e vatit h o l e s a r e l o c a t e d a t t h e top o f t h e m a t s t o a l l o w t r a p p e d a i r t o e s c a p e !

t l l ' ^ f - ^ hawd. punch and m'allet ney b e u s e d t o punch t h e r e q u i r e d v e n t h o l e s . The punch c a n b e mounted bn a f r a m e , a s i s shown i n

F i g u r e 4#;.to s i m p l i f y t h e operation,;; : •. , . A n o t h e r s i m p l e method o f v e n t i n g t h e t i r e s i s to u s e a n e l e o t r i ^ ' •

d r i l l motor and a circlö'. c u t t e r o r h o l e saw, • • : -F o r a p p l i c a t i o n s ' w h i c h r e q u i r e a l a r g e - n u m b e r o f v e n t e d t i r e s , it ' may b e more e c o n o m i c a l t o u s e a n a u t o m a t i c p u n c h i n g d e v i c e . An

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The power punij.h c a n b e b u i l t by most c o m m e ? c l a l Z c h Ï L s h o i e ! o r • ' : i S « o ^ " r ^ Ï? o r d e r e d - f r o m the i i e l i a b l e M a n i f S ? ? u r ? n g C o S J i n ? ^ ' gö89 b'lngttte, A k r o n , O h i o , w h i c h p r o d u c e d t h e p r o t o t y p e s f o r Goodyear< The parchaa® p r i c e f o r t h e powe»^ punch i n J u n e 1974 was $ 3 3 0 0 , ï h e ^ punoi>. röquire» ,100 p s l a i r p r e s s u r e f o r o p e r a t i o n . I f t h i s i s n o t a v a i l a b l e , a g a s d r i v e n c o m p r e s s o r o f e u f f i c i e n t s i z e way he p u r - ' ' c h a s e d f o r a p p r o x i m a t e l y $ 8 0 0 , o r a n a i r o e m p r e s s o r may be r e n t e d ,

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^ w r n . o t i t t i r e s t o b u i l d a s c r a p t i r e m a r i n e met s h o u l d ' im no p r o b l e m i n any a r e a o f r e a s o n a b l e p o p u l a t i o n d e n s i t y , R e c a p , p i n g s h o p s , s e r v i c e s t a t i ' o n s , and t i r p d e a l e r s a r e a l w a y s i o e k i L ' w a s t e h a u l e r s must f i n d w a y s t o d i s p o s e o f t i r e s w h i o h t h e y c o l l e c t . Used t i r e s my a l s o be p u r c h a s e d . Normal c h a r g e s r a n g e from $10 t o

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I n t e r l o c k i n g d e v i c e s may be s p e c i a l c o r r o s i o n r e s i s t a n t s t e e l h a r d w a r e a s shown, o r h i g h s t r e n g t h r o p e , c a b l e , o r s t r a p w i t h p r o p e r f a s t e n e r s . A i r v e n t h o l e s Modular U n i t Shown a s C o r ^ s t r u c t e d Flt^»re 1 , 6 1/2 M o d u l a r u n i t Shown a s I n s t a l l e d

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- 5 " FIGUUE 3 N o t e : A l l s t e e l s u r f a c e s s h o u l d be d o u b l e h o t d i p c o a t e d w i t h c o r r o s i o u r e s i s t a n t z i n c . r l b " li^i^^roonneotinp; D e v i c e - 2 r e q u j ^ r e d p e r module

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CONSTRUCTED MODULAR UNIT _ _ _ _ _ /(—Q I n t e r c o n n e c t i n g hardware may be r o p e , c a b l e , o r s p e c i a l c o r r o s i o n r e s i s t a n t r o d a s shown. FIGURE 6

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„8-Bundl® S i z e : 7 f t I q n g x ö 1/2 f t w i d e x 2 1/2 f t t h i c k . B u n d l e W e i g h t : A p p r o x i m a t e l y 4 0 0 pounds. M a t e r i a l O e i s o r i p t i o f t ' Q u a n t i t y S c r a p T i r e s gO Tir© V e n t i n g L a b o r * x/2 h r 3/4" S t e e l I n t e r l o c k i n g Hods ** 3 A s s e m b l y l a b o r ' 1/2 h r C o s t E a c h C o s t $ ,15 $ 3,00 12,00 6,00 18,50 3 7 , 0 0 12,00 6,00 $52,00 $ 1 4 , 0 0 $28«00 12,00

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F o r Hand Punc&jnft and G a l v a n i z e d S t e e l Hod C o n n e o t o r s 3 0 X $ 1 . 8 9 = $56o70 p e r l i n e a r f o o t .

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open g r i d s t r u c t u r e i s :

. 30

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