Distribution of the Callovian and Lower Oxfordian ammonite faunas in Poland

Vol. 29, No. 2

acta geologlca pOlonica

WarszaWQ 1979

BRONISLAW ANDRZEJ MATYJA & MALGORZATA GIZEJEWSKA

Distribution of the Callovian and Lower Oxfordian ammonite faunas in Poland

ABSTRACT: Ammonite-familial spectra are determined f'Or the Callovian and Lower Oxfordian ,of Poland in terms 'Of relative a,bundance ,of spe<Cimens assigned to and specific diversity of particular families. The former mode of analysis ap- pearlS as a more reliable paleobiogeographic t'Ool than the latter. The recognized ammonite spectra scugg'est that in the Lower to Middle Callovian the entire area of Poland made part ()f the Submediterranean Province. In the Upper Callovian thl'Ough Lower Oxfordian, ,southern and Central Boland rernaLned within the Sub- mediterranean Province, while northern P<lland was oonsiderably influenced by

the Subboreal fauna.

INTRODUCTION

Basing upon the spatial di:stri:bu1liKm of variouLS, ammonite groups, two paleobiogeogxaphic Tealms have been distinguished ::in the European JtrnasSic, viz. Boreal and T:ethyan Realms. Beginning Wlith the Callovian, the Boreal raJl1d Sullboreal Provinoes :can be l'Ieoogniz€id within the Boreal Realm, and the Submediterranearn and Mediterran€a!Il Provinoes within the Tethyan Realm (Car~ou 1973).

Throughout the Callovian and Lower Oxfordian, the Boreal Provi.nJCe was represented ,by ,eXIClusiyely cardioiceratid faunas and covered the present-day Axetic, while the Mediterranean Provinoe was characterized by . considerable proportions of phyl1ocerattdls' and lytoceratids and coincided with the Jurassic Tethys. The SubboTeal arnd Submediter- raneanProvinces Icovered the l'Iest of Europe. The former pro~tliCe is defined in the Ca!llovian by a prevalance of kiOSmocera1l1ds and cardio- oeratidis, and in the L()IWeI[' Oxfo'l'dian by am occurrenoe of oovdioceTatids and oppe1U:ds (in specifi,ed proportions) With phylloceratids and lyto- cerartlids lackilng at all (Ffusi.ch & Sykes 1977). The SubmedJiterranean Provinee :Us defined (Hai.1Jam 1971, CariO'U 1973) :in the. CalLovian by

178 B. A. MATYJA & M. GIZEJEWSKA

a prevalence of oppeliids, macrocephalitids, reineckeiids, aspidoceratiids,

~d some perisphd!nctti.ds (GrossouVTia, Choffatia); and in . the Lower Oxfordian

''by

In the Callovian and Lower Oxfardian, the extra-Call'pathian Poland (cf. Text-fig. 1) 'was influenoed. by both the SUlbboreal and Submed'iter- ranean Provinces. The relative significance of these in.fluenoes remains however connrov·erlSiaJ.. Dayczak-Cal!iJkowsk:a (1976, 1977) is of the opinion that begiIllI1iing with the. Callovian the. extra-Carpathiia:n Poland made ent!iI"ely part of the Subbor·eal ProvinJoe. With r,espoot t.o the OxfOll'dian, this Us supported by MalinOWlska (1976). In turn, Kopik (1976) claims that the 'Callovian ammonite assemblage :from the vicinti.rty of Cz~sto­

chowa (eX'pOSUil"eS 5 in Text-fig. 1) .shows a close relationship to the SUibmediterranean faUlllaS.

\

i j j ('

"'

\ ,;

l, r+--+-t-t-t-t--{

/r'

'-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.~""

'l

i \

\ \

\A

i

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./

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c

Fig. 1. Location of the considered regions, areas, and exposures;.hachured areas are those without any Jurassic deposits

Regions: A - northern Poland, B - Central Poland, C - southern Poland (Carpathians)

Within B distinguished are areas: I - north-eastern margin of the Holy Cross . Mts, 11 - south-western maI'gin of the Holy Cross Mts, m - . Polish Jura Chain

Within II distinguished are exposures: 1 - Mnin, 2 - Lasocin, 3 - Wola Morawicka Within 111 distinguished are exposures: 4 - Wieluii, 5 - vicinity of CZElstochowa, • - Zalas

These oontrastiJn.g opiInions reflect the OOClliITence of forms indicative of the both provmoes in the extra-Carpathl.an Poland. Therefore, an·

:ALLOVIAN AND LOWER OXFORDIAN AMMONITE FAUNAS 179

approach that permits estimation of reliativ,e significance of particular ammonite groups in various aJreas is badly needed, as it has already been pointed. out by MalinowSka (1976).

METHODS OF INVESTIGATION

Paleobiogeograpmc provinces are defined and ;recognized in the considered stratigraphic interval by either aIl1 exclusiv·e occurrence of a smgle ammonite group; or lllOI'e oommcmly an occurrenoe of a few distilnct aiInnlQJ:liitegroups. Where ammonites cllaraJCteristic of dlistinct provinces mix, analysis of relative proportions of particular groups within a faUIllUle may become a useful tool for recognition of the boun- daries between the provinces (cf. Fiirsich & Sykes 1977).

The relative proportions of particular ammonite groups are, however, to be determined and disclJJssed at an adequate taxonomic level reflecting a reasonable compromise between distinctness of the provinces, and stability of the compared taxa. The latter concept is here meant as-the least proneness to variation in range of a .single taxon as conceived by diverse authors. The species level can obviously not provide any taxonomi·c stability of this sort (cf. Hallam 1972, 1977).

Such a sta1bdlity cannot be guaranted Iby the generic level. either, as for example some authors regard PuteaZiceras, Hecticoceras, Brightia, and LunuZoceras as dis- tinct genera, Wlhile others consider them to be sub!§Emera of the genus Hecti- coceras. The same pcroblem arises also with the genera MacrocephaZites, KeppZer- ites, PeZtoceras, Perisphinctes, and Cardioceras, all of which range from a nar- row to wide definition. Taxonomic instability of the .generic level results also from the undear status of such genera as e.g. Bukowskites and Creniceras. More or less universally accepted and unequivocally identifiable are only the ammonite family-groups. The presend; authoirs therefore study taxonomic <:ompiosition of the Callovian and Lower Oxfordian ammonite assemblages at the family level. Its appropriateness to the analysis is also 'Supported by the apparent distinctiveness of various-ammonilte familieS for the Callovian to Lower Oxfordian biogeographic provinces (cf. Cariou 1973, Gordon 1976).

'I'wo distinct methiods oce oommonly appllied to .the problem in re- cognition of re'latlive proportions of ammonite groups within a faunule.

To achieve this goal, one may either oampaTle diversity of higher-rank taxa, e.g. specific dJilVersi.ty of genera (Malinowska 1976) or families (Fiinsich & Syk€S 1977), or analyse numeriJcal albUllldance of taxa of a singLe level, most commonly families (EhnJi 1969, MaJttei 1966, MaIr- chand & Thierry 1974, Gygi & Marchand 1976, Marehand & Gygi 1977).

The present authors are of the opiInion that the former approach is inappropria,te because (i) all taxa me equally weighted regaxdl€SS of thei!r numerical albu!ndance in the :iJnvestigated area; (ii) taxa of a single level vary in their diversity which a priori ibiases the data; and (iti) because of variable preservation state etc, not all specimens can be identified equally precisely, e.g. to the specific level, whilch is required

180 ^B.' A.MATYJA &·M. GIZEJEWSKA

to get 'l'eliable results. All these doubts are removed when the other method is appilii,ed .. Juvenile and/or poorly ·preserved specimens can usually be quite easilly identified to the family level, and to determine numerkal albunda:noe ()If particular fam:iJld.es within a faunule one has not to undertake any detailed paleontological study. The only dis- advantage od' this method lis that ore canlIWtaJpply it to analyse faunm.es for which merely taxonomk Lists are giv.en.

Substoges .

Lower Oxford ion

Upper Collovion

Middle Callovion

Lower Callovian

1illilllill1

~6

Spec

t

!

of the ammonite family - groups

.... Ul CII CII ._

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o

36

,

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I11 1 48

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26 26

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o ^CI/

() Ul - l 0 -

A B

11 11*

5 C

A 2

5 A 3

Fig. 2. Percent. proportion of the total spedes number accounted for by the ammonite family-groups

1 - Cardioceratidae, 2 - Kosmocerattdae, 3 - Pachyceratidae, 4 - Perisphinc- tidae, 5 - Spiroceratidae, 6 - Reineckeiidae, 7 - Aspidoceratidae, 8 - Macro- cephalirtidae, 9 - Haplocerata,ceae, 18 - Phyl1ocer;atidae and Lytocerallidae

Sources of data for the Lower Oxfordian: A, B, C - Malinowska (1976), I, 11 - Malinow- ska (1967), 11* - Martyja (1977), 5 - lMaldnowska (1963); ~or 1:Jle Callovian: A - Dayczak-Caii- kowska (1977), 2, 3 - Siemiljtkowska-Gizejewska (1974), 5 - R6:i:ycki (1953) and· Kopik (1976)

CALLOVIAN AND LOWER OXFORDIAN AMMONITE FAUNAS 181

MATERIALS

The presented data (Text-figs 2-3) on the reiative proportions of various am- monite famiUes in 'the Callovian and Lower Oxfordian' faimules of Poland derived from 1published(Siemil\tkows'ka-Gizejewska 1974, Maltyja 1977) and unpubiished data of the present authors as well as from other investigations (R6zycki 1953;

Malinowska 1963, 1966, 1967, 1976; Kapik 1976; -Dayczak-Calikowska 1977; Tar-

Substage

Lower Oxfordian

Upper Callovian Middle Collovian

Lower Callovian

Spectrum

of the ammonite family - groups

I"· .... T··

· '1

11

§-;=

~u:

u CIJ

o Ul ---l_

642 11 888 5 2310 6*

111111111 122 2 328- 6

150 133 3 134 4

Fig. 3. Percent proportion 'Of the total specimen number acrounted fOoT by the , ammonite family-groups; foor explanam.OIrl 'Of the symbols see Text-fig, 2

Sources of data: 11 - Matyja (1977), .6" Tarkowski (1978), the other exposures - un- published data .of the present authors

kowski 1978). The compared ammonite faunules are representative 'Of either single exposures .(1-7 in Text-fig. 1), larger areas (I-Ill in Text-fig. 1), or large-scale regiOlrls (A-C in Text-fig, 1). Because of a variable stratigraphk precision of the sources of data, the ammonite distributions are studied for particular substages instead .of umes, as one would' like to do. This may consideralbly bias the analysis because, for example, the Lower Calliovian faunule from Wielun (exposure 4 in Text-fig. 1) represents the macrocephalus Zone and lower caZloviense Zone (koe- nigi Subzone), whereas the Lower Callovian ammonites from Wola Morawicka (exposure 3 in Text-fig. 1) represent 'exclusively the upper caZZoviense Zone (CaZZoviense Subzone).

Numerical abundances of the ammonite families have been determined ex- clusively for the Holy Cross margins and the Polish Jura Chain (region B ill Text-fig. 1) since no adequate data from other regions are insofar available.

182 B. A. MATYJA & M. ,GIZEJEWSKA

DISCUSSION

The two approaohes to bi~oographic analysis Qf the Callovian and Lower Oxfordianammonites of Poland, i.e. the (I"elati~~bundance and speci:£i.c-<,tiversity methods, can he Compared after :tbe l'IeSults obtained for the faunul:es deIived from the Holy Cross Ill6rgins and the Polish J UTa Cha!in. The percent prppoo:1iiO'DS I()f specimens aasigned to the families Oall'dioceratidae, Kosmooera;Udae, Phylloceratddae, and Lyto- ceratidae ;in. the ammonite-familial spectra ('J1erl....fig. 3) are much lower than the 'peroent piWportions of the !I'lespecm.Vie species ;in the spectra (Text-fig. 2). This is probably due to the special attention paid during both the fi<eld work and taxonomic identification IOf a faunu.1e to those groups tha't ^atre :I1egatrded as stmtigraphioally impor,tan,t (cardioceratids and kosmooeratids <in the present case) or IbiogeographicalIy "e:xotiJc"

for P()Iland (phylloceratids and lytoceratids). This m:tell"lpretJation is oon- frl.rmed by the higher peroent proportions of ,specimens than those of species as9iJg:ned to :fiaInilies IStratigxaphii.cally :iJnsiignif!i.oant (asptdooeratids andhaplocerataoeans in the pl"ieseIllt case) or tax'onomically poorly mQwn (.Lower Oxfordian per:-isphi.nctids). One may oonclude that the

r,elative~bunda!noe approach removes the ,bias introduced by more ^Oil less :subjective preferEIDDes fer investigation of oertain ammornite groupt;

ID more deta:il than others.

The ammonite spectra based upon 'Specdtfic div1ersity Qf parlicula.J families are -a'lso biased by the preservation state of the fossils. FOI eXlailllple, merely two species of the aspidoooratid genusPeltoceras axe repocted «Dayczak-Oalikowska 1977) from the Upper Callovian of northern Polaind (region A iln Text-fig. 1)

mown

klow;ska-Gizej-ewska 1974) from the Oal!lovd:an outcrops (!"legion B in Text-fig. 1). This clli:£erence may r€SUlt ~tasmuch from the actual distrilbutional pattern of the genus Peltoceras, as frIOim the impossibility of species liidentificatiO!n of whorl :firagments obta:iIned :from ool'ehole cores.

In oontrast to aspidooeratids, sOme other a'lIlIIlOIlli:te groups, e.g. kosmo- oeratids, ^'CIaIIl often be identifi,ed to the specirfic level after small whorl fragments. This vaa:!iation in ammonite ildentiiiaibiiitty 'may oonsiderably obscm .. e the OIl'Iigdna,l Slpeci.fiJe diversities of the families. The bias is, how'ever, r,emoved. when applying the relative-a!bundanoe method.

The iJnoampatilbility of the analysed darta make fO!I' the moment impossibl,e any :pt"lecise causal ana:lysis of the dJismbutkm of the Cal- lovian and Lower Oxfordian ammonttes of Poland. Nevertheless, some preliminary CO'Ilclusians can be draJWlIl.

Sinoe the Aal'enian to Upper Bathenian, the entire area of Poland made undoubtedly part of the SUlbmediterr'alnean iProvIDoe, (cf. Day- czak-Calikowska 1976, 1977). Beginning with the Lower Callevian, the

CALLOVIAN AND LOWER OXFORDIAN AMMONITE FAUNAS 183

ammonites typical of the Boreal Realm 8!ppeax i!n Poland. Their r>el.:ative proportion incr,eases gradually from 7-18% of the tota'l number of Lower Callovian species up to 12-700/0 of the total ·number of Lowe.r Oxfordian species (cf. Text-fig. 2). In fact, the Callovian migra1fiOlIl of Boreal forms southwards (Boreal Spreads of Arkell, 1956) is for km.g knoiwrn (Slilemi!I'adzki 1891) and recorded OdmmOnly a!ll over Europe (see e.g. Ma!rchand & Thierry 1974).

In Central PoLa!nd, the proportion of the 19mIIl.onites dnidicative of the BoI'ieal Realm increases gradually throughout the CalLoviian and Lower Oxfordian but neVler exceeds 40% of the total number of species and 500/0 of the total number of specimens (cf. Text-figs '2-3). In oontrast, cardioc.eratids and kosmooeratids inlCTeaSe rapidly :iJn specific diversity during the Upper CalJ1ovianandLower Oxfordian in northern Poland (Text-fig. 2); actually, the tWlO mmHi,es aocoum for some 7(/J/o of the total number of species p:resent in the swbstages, which may indllCate that the Bareal Reta:J.im more oonsideralbly influenced. northern Poland than the other lI',egions.

The aImtmon!ite-faimilial spectra recorded in central and southern Poland (Text-figs 2-3) !l'esemble the ammonite assemblages from the af!eas .assigned. undoulbtedly to the Suibmedritermn.ean P:rovinJCe (Gygi &

Marcha:nd 1976; Fiirsi:ch & Sy~es 1977, Fig. 2). One may even note that the 'Proportion of the SubmediteI'lralIlean fOlI'IllS is in some cases higher in Central. Poland than :iJn certain areas located more closely to the JU!l'aSSic Tethys; this !l'efers to the Lower Oxfardi.a!n ammonJi.te spectra of Herznach, Swiss Jura (Marchand & Gygi 1977), and Blumbarg,

SWalbian Alb (Zeiss 1957).

The ammonriteg;roups characteristic of the SubmediterTanean (haplooerataoeans, aspildooaratids, macrocephalitids, 'l'\eineck-eidds, spire- cara:mels, and some pem.Lsph.mctids) and MedJitem'an€all Ptrovinces (phyllo- cemti!ds and lytooeratids) account .in Central and southern Poland reg- ions B aIIlId C :in T1ext-fig. 1) for :mor.e th.aJn 50⁰/& of the total numbers of both s'Pecies and specimens (Text-f.iJgs 2-3), which indicates that in spite of the OCCUll'r,e:nce of oardioceratids and kosmooeratids a consider- able arrea of Poland made in the Ca.1Jov:ian .and Lower Oxfordian part of the SuJbmediterranean P:l"OVUlC~.

Institute of Geology

of the Warsaw UniverSity, Al. Zwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland

3

184 B. A. MATYJA & M. GIZEJEWSKA

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CALLOVIAN AND LOWER OXFORDIAN AMMONITE FAUNAS 185

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